2026届高三英语名词性从句考点归纳与解题技巧讲义学案(含答案)

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

2026届高三英语名词性从句考点归纳与解题技巧讲义学案(含答案)

资源简介

一、连接词分类
名词性从句的连接词可分为三大类,每类都有其特定的语法功能和语义内涵:
类别 连接词 功能说明
从属连词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用,不充当成分
连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever 既起连接作用,又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语
连接副词 when, where, why, how 既起连接作用,又在从句中充当状语,表示时间、地点、原因、方式
★ 核心要点 that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用,无实际意义;what在从句中必须充当成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语),有实际意义“什么”或“所……的东西”。这是区分that和what的关键!
第二部分 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句。它的位置比较灵活,可以位于句首,也可以用it作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句末。主语从句是高考考查的重点,尤其在it作形式主语的句型中频繁出现。
一、基本用法
主语从句位于句首时,直接充当句子的主语,谓语动词用单数形式。这种结构在正式文体中较为常见,能够强调从句内容,使表达更加庄重有力。
例:That he will come is certain. 他肯定会来。
例:What we need is more time. 我们需要的是更多时间。
例:Who will be the captain has not been decided. 谁将担任队长尚未决定。
二、it作形式主语
当主语从句较长时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,将真正的主语从句后置。这是主语从句最常见的考查形式,需要重点掌握以下固定句型:
句型结构 用法说明
It is + 名词 + 从句 It is a fact that... 事实上…… / It is a pity that... 遗憾的是……
It is + 形容词 + 从句 It is obvious that... 显然…… / It is important that... 重要的一点是……
It is + 过去分词 + 从句 It is reported that... 据报道…… / It is believed that... 人们认为……
It + 不及物动词 + 从句 It seems that... 似乎…… / It happens that... 碰巧……
It doesn't matter + 从句 It doesn't matter whether... ……是否没关系
例:It is obvious that he is telling a lie. 很明显他在撒谎。
例:It is reported that a new hospital will be built in our city. 据报道我们城市将建一所新医院。
例:It doesn't matter whether he comes or not. 他来不来都没关系。
★ 易错警示 在It is necessary/important/strange等+that从句中,从句谓语常用“(should)+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。这是主语从句虚拟语气的核心考点!
第三部分 宾语从句
宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的从句,是名词性从句中考查频率最高的一类。它可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语,甚至可以作形容词的宾语(如I am sure that...)。宾语从句的考查重点在于连接词的选择、语序问题和时态呼应。
一、作动词宾语
宾语从句最常见的用法是作及物动词的宾语。常见的能接宾语从句的动词有:think, believe, know, say, tell, ask, wonder, doubt, find, discover, explain, understand, realize, remember, forget等。
例:I think (that) you are right. 我认为你是对的。
例:I wonder whether/if he can finish the work on time. 我想知道他能否按时完成工作。
例:Do you know what time it is 你知道现在几点了吗?
二、作介词宾语
宾语从句也可以作介词的宾语,这时连接词的选择要特别注意。that引导的从句一般不能直接作介词宾语(except that, in that, but that等除外),而what, whether等可以。
例:I'm thinking about what I should do next. 我在想下一步该做什么。
例:It depends on whether he is willing to help us. 这取决于他是否愿意帮助我们。
例:He is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. 他是个好学生,只是有时粗心。
三、否定转移
当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等表示“认为、相信”的动词时,若要否定从句内容,习惯上将否定词转移到主句,这种现象称为“否定转移”。
例:I don't think he is right. 我认为他不对。(不说:I think he isn't right.)
例:I don't believe she will come. 我相信她不会来。
★ 反意疑问句考点 否定转移后的反意疑问句,附加问句的主语和谓语应与从句一致,且用肯定形式。如:I don't think he is right, is he (而不是isn't he )
第四部分 表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中充当表语的从句,位于系动词之后,对主语进行解释说明。常见的系动词有:be, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, remain, become, get, grow, turn等。表语从句的考查重点在于连接词的选择,特别是that和what的区分,以及“the reason is that...”这一固定句型。
一、基本用法
例:The fact is that he didn't try his best. 事实是他没有尽力。
例:The question is who will take charge of the project. 问题是谁将负责这个项目。
例:That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想告诉你的。
二、重要句型
“The reason is that...”是表语从句最重要的句型,表示“原因是……”。这里必须用that引导,不能用because。这是一个高频考点,必须牢记!
例:The reason for his absence is that he is ill. 他缺席的原因是他病了。
例:The reason why he failed is that he was too careless. 他失败的原因是他太粗心了。
★ 必考点 The reason is that...(正确) / The reason is because...(错误)!这是高考常考的改错题型,务必牢记。that在这里引导表语从句,解释说明reason的内容。
三、as if/though引导表语从句
as if或as though可以引导表语从句,表示“好像、仿佛”。从句谓语动词常用虚拟语气:与现在事实相反用一般过去时,与过去事实相反用过去完成时。
例:It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨了。(可能真的要下雨)
例:He talks as if he knew everything. 他说起话来好像什么都知道似的。(与现在事实相反)
例:He looks as if he had seen a ghost. 他看起来好像见了鬼似的。(与过去事实相反)
第五部分 同位语从句
同位语从句是对名词进行解释说明的从句,它与前面的名词是同位关系,即从句的内容就是该名词的内容。能接同位语从句的名词通常是抽象名词,如:fact, news, idea, hope, belief, thought, doubt, promise, suggestion, order, question, problem, possibility等。
一、基本用法
例:The news that our team won the game excited everyone. 我们队获胜的消息让每个人都很兴奋。
例:I have no idea where he has gone. 我不知道他去哪儿了。
例:There is no doubt that he is honest. 毫无疑问他是诚实的。
二、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
这是高考的重点和难点!同位语从句和定语从句在形式上很相似,但本质不同。区分的关键在于:that在从句中是否充当成分。
区别点 同位语从句 定语从句
功能 解释说明名词的内容 修饰限定名词
that的作用 只起连接作用,不充当成分 在从句中充当主语或宾语
that能否省略 一般不能省略 作宾语时可省略
抽象名词 fact, news, idea, hope等 任何名词
试比较以下两个句子:
例:The news that he told me is true. 他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,that作told的宾语)
例:The news that he won the prize is true. 他获奖的消息是真的。(同位语从句,that不充当成分)
★ 判断技巧 去掉that后,看从句是否完整。如果从句完整,是同位语从句;如果从句不完整(缺少主语或宾语),是定语从句。
第六部分 what与that的区别(重点)
what和that的区分是名词性从句最核心的考点,几乎每年高考都会涉及。许多同学对此感到困惑,其实只要掌握一个核心原则,就能轻松应对。
一、核心区别
连接词 that what
成分 不充当任何成分 必须充当成分(主语/宾语/表语)
意义 无实际意义 有实际意义:什么/所……的
从句特点 从句结构完整 从句结构不完整
省略 宾语从句中可省略 不能省略
二、判断方法
第一步:看从句结构是否完整。如果从句缺少主语、宾语或表语,选what;如果从句结构完整,选that。
第二步:看是否有先行词。如果有明确的先行词,可能是定语从句或同位语从句,用that;如果没有先行词,且从句缺少成分,用what。
三、典型例句对比
例:That he said is true. 他说的话是真的。(错误:that不充当成分,从句缺少宾语)
例:What he said is true. 他说的话是真的。(正确:what作said的宾语)
例:I believe that you are honest. 我相信你是诚实的。(that只起连接作用)
例:I believe what you said. 我相信你说的话。(what作said的宾语)
例:That he needs is a book. 他需要的是一本书。(错误)
例:What he needs is a book. 他需要的是一本书。(正确:what作needs的宾语)
【判断口诀】 从句完整用that,缺少成分用what;that无义只连接,what有义作成分。 这个口诀涵盖了what和that区分的核心要点,熟记后可快速解题。
第七部分 whether与if的互换(重点)
whether和if都表示“是否”,在名词性从句中有时可以互换,有时不能互换,这是高考的重要考点。掌握它们的使用规则,对于准确解题至关重要。
一、可以互换的情况
在宾语从句中,whether和if通常可以互换,都表示“是否”的意思。
例:I wonder whether/if he will come. 我想知道他是否会来。
例:He asked me whether/if I could help him. 他问我是否能帮助他。
二、只能用whether的情况
情况 例句
位于句首的主语从句 Whether he will come is not known.
作介词宾语 It depends on whether he can come.
后接or not I don't know whether or not he will come.
后接不定式 I don't know whether to go or stay.
表语从句 The question is whether he will come.
同位语从句 The question whether to go has not been decided.
让步状语从句 Whether you like it or not, you must do it.
三、只能用if的情况
当if表示“如果”引导条件状语从句时,不能用whether替换。此外,在某些否定句中,if比whether更常用。
例:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home. 如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。(条件状语从句)
例:I don't care if he comes or not. 我不在乎他来不来。
【记忆口诀】 介词、句首、or not,whether独占不走;不定式、表语、同位语,whether当仁不让。 这个口诀涵盖了只能用whether的主要情况,帮助快速记忆。
第八部分 语序问题
名词性从句必须使用陈述语序,即主语在前,谓语在后,这是名词性从句的基本规则,也是高考的高频考点。许多同学容易受疑问句语序的影响,在从句中使用疑问语序,这是错误的。
一、陈述语序规则
无论连接词在从句中充当什么成分,从句都必须用陈述语序。连接代词who, what, which等虽然在从句中作主语或宾语,但它们位于从句句首,后面紧跟谓语动词或主语。
例:I don't know who he is. 我不知道他是谁。(正确:陈述语序)
例:I don't know who is he. (错误:疑问语序)
例:Can you tell me where he lives 你能告诉我他住在哪里吗?(正确)
例:Can you tell me where does he live (错误)
二、特殊情形
当连接代词在从句中作主语时,从句的语序与疑问句相同,但这仍然是陈述语序,因为连接代词本身就是主语。
例:I wonder what happened. 我想知道发生了什么。(what作主语)
例:No one knows who broke the window. 没人知道谁打破了窗户。(who作主语)
★ 解题技巧 看到名词性从句,先确定连接词,然后检查从句语序。如果从句中有助动词do/does/did等位于主语之前,多半是错误的疑问语序。
第九部分 虚拟语气用法
名词性从句中的虚拟语气是高考的重要考点,主要体现在两类情况:一是表示“建议、命令、要求”类的动词、名词或形容词后的从句,二是wish, as if/though等后的从句。
一、建议命令类虚拟语气
当主句中含有表示“建议、命令、要求、坚持”意义的动词、名词或形容词时,其后的名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”,should可以省略。
词类 常见词汇
动词 suggest, advise, propose, recommend, insist, demand, require, request, order, command
名词 suggestion, advice, proposal, recommendation, insistence, demand, requirement, request, order, command
形容词 necessary, important, essential, vital, urgent, imperative, strange, natural, surprising
例:I suggest that he (should) go at once. 我建议他立刻去。
例:It is necessary that we (should) master a foreign language. 我们掌握一门外语是必要的。
例:My suggestion is that we (should) start early. 我的建议是我们早点出发。
例:He gave the order that the work (should) be finished by Friday. 他下令周五前完成工作。
二、wish后的虚拟语气
wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的愿望。
与什么相反 从句谓语形式 例句
与现在相反 一般过去时/were I wish I were a bird.
与过去相反 过去完成时 I wish I had studied harder.
与将来相反 would/could+动词原形 I wish I would fly to the moon.
三、as if/though后的虚拟语气
as if或as though引导的从句,如果表示的情况与事实相反,谓语动词用虚拟语气。
例:He talks as if he knew everything. 他说起话来好像什么都知道。(与现在相反)
例:He looked as if he had seen a ghost. 他看起来好像见了鬼似的。(与过去相反)
★ 注意 insist表示“坚持认为”时,从句不用虚拟语气;表示“坚持要求”时才用虚拟语气。如:He insisted that he was right.(他坚持认为他是对的,不用虚拟语气)
第十部分 解题口诀
为了帮助同学们快速准确地解答名词性从句题目,这里总结了几个实用的解题口诀,建议熟记于心。
【连接词选择口诀】 that无义只连接,从句完整才用得;what有义作成分,缺主缺宾就选它;whether表“是否”,句首介后or not;if也表“是否”意,宾语从句可互换。 这个口诀涵盖了连接词选择的核心要点,是解题的关键。
【语序判断口诀】 名词从句陈述序,主前谓后要牢记;疑问语序不能用,助动词后主语立。 这个口诀帮助快速判断语序是否正确。
【虚拟语气口诀】 一坚持二命令,三建议四要求,从句should可省略,动词原形记心间;wish后用虚拟,现过将来分清楚。 这个口诀涵盖了虚拟语气的主要用法。
【同位语从句判断口诀】 抽象名词后that,解释内容是同位;that不把成分充,从句完整是关键;若that作主宾,定语从句无疑问。 这个口诀帮助区分同位语从句和定语从句。
第十一部分 真题演练
以下精选历年高考真题,帮助同学们巩固所学知识,提升解题能力。建议先独立完成,再对照答案分析。
一、单项选择
1. ______ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
2. The traditional view is ______ we sleep because our brain is "programmed" to make us do so.
A. when
B. why
C. whether
D. that
3. ______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What
B. That
C. The fact
D. The matter
4. I don't doubt ______ he will come on time.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. what
5. Information has been put forward ______ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
6. The question came up at the meeting ______ we had enough money for our research.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. whether
7. ______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. Who
8. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ______ he or she wants.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. whenever
9. The reason ______ he was late was ______ he missed the bus.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. why; because
D. which; that
10. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that ______ you had a few days off
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
11. A computer can only do ______ you have instructed it to do.
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
12. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter ______ it was
A. where
B. what
C. how
D. which
13. — I think it's going to be a big problem. — Yes, it could be. — I wonder ______ we can do about it.
A. if
B. how
C. what
D. that
14. There's a feeling in me ______ we'll never know what a UFO is.
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. what
15. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that's ______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. why
二、语法填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入适当的连接词。
It is reported 16.________ a new library will be built in our city. The question is 17.________ it should be built. Some people think 18.________ it should be built in the city center, 19.________ others believe it should be built in the suburbs. The government has not decided 20.________ the library will be built. What we know is 21.________ the library will be open to everyone for free. The reason 22.________ the government wants to build the library is 23.________ they want to encourage people to read more. It remains to be seen 24.________ the project will be completed on time. 25.________ matters most is that the library will benefit the citizens.
三、改错题
下列各句中均有一处错误,请找出并改正。
26. That we need is more time.
27. The reason is because he was ill.
28. I don't know if will he come tomorrow.
29. He suggested that we went to the cinema.
30. The news which our team won excited everyone.
参考答案
一、单项选择
1-5: A D A C B 6-10: D C B A A 11-15: C D C A A
二、语法填空
16. that 17. where 18. that 19. while/but 20. where
21. that 22. why 23. that 24. whether 25. What
三、改错题
26. That → What(主语从句缺少宾语,用what)
27. because → that(The reason is that...是固定句型)
28. will he → he will(名词性从句用陈述语序)
29. went → (should) go(suggest后从句用虚拟语气)
30. which → that(同位语从句,that不充当成分)
答案解析
1. A。考查主语从句。从句缺少主语,故用what引导。what在从句中作主语,意为“……的东西”。
2. D。考查表语从句。从句结构完整,用that引导,that只起连接作用,无实际意义。
3. A。考查主语从句。从句said后缺少宾语,故用what引导。what在从句中作said的宾语。
4. C。考查宾语从句。doubt用于否定句时,后接that引导的宾语从句,表示“不怀疑……”。
5. B。考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句,解释说明information的内容。that在从句中不充当成分。
6. D。考查同位语从句。从句“we had enough money for our research”结构完整,但语义上表示“是否”,故用whether引导。
7. C。考查主语从句。whoever相当于anyone who,在从句中作主语,表示“任何……的人”。
8. B。考查宾语从句。whatever在从句中作wants的宾语,表示“无论什么”。
9. A。考查定语从句和表语从句。第一空why引导定语从句修饰reason;第二空that引导表语从句,The reason is that...是固定句型。
10. A。考查表语从句。why引导表语从句,表示“……的原因”。句意:这就是你请假的原因吗?
11. C。考查宾语从句。what在从句中作do的宾语,表示“所……的事”。
12. D。考查宾语从句。which在从句中作表语,表示“哪一本”。句意:是在哪本书里读到的有关系吗?
13. C。考查宾语从句。what在从句中作do的宾语,表示“什么”。句意:我想知道我们能做些什么。
14. A。考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句,解释说明feeling的内容。
15. A。考查表语从句。what在从句中作takes的宾语,表示“所……的东西”。句意:那就是做好任何事情所需要的。

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览