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(共27张PPT)
Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs
限制性定语从句-关系副词
Grammar and usage
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U4 Looking good,
feeling good
Task 1 Read the magazine article and complete the following mind map.
Sleep problems
danger to teenagers
Symptoms
being unable to fall asleep
________in the middle of the night
getting not __________
Consequences
feeling tired and having trouble_________
having poor memory, being ________ and suffering a heart attack
Causes
________from school or work
noise pollution and __________
Body development _____________.
Health ________.
waking up
enough sleep
pressure
light pollution
concentrating
overweight
slows down
suffers
Explore the rules
Task 2 Underline the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the
article.
Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest Unfortunately, your happy childhood is probably a thing of the past.
A recent survey has found that many people suffer from sleep problems. Some are unable to fall asleep, some wake up in the middle of the night, and others simply do not get enough sleep. One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work. Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems. In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating. In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack. Sleep problems are especially dangerous for teenagers. They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster. Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers.
So, if you have trouble getting a good night’s sleep, it might be time to make some changes in your lifestyle.
Explore the rules
1.We are now live in a society/a place where sleep prblems are common.
2.The village where I was born has cured my sleep problems.
3.Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, ...
4.China is the only country where sleep problems has been improved a lot.
Rule 1: The relative adverb where refers to _________.
a place
work out the rules
1.Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest
2. March is the month when World Sleep Day is celebrated .
3. I'll never forget the days when I always slept well.
4. I've always longed for the moment when I can make changes to my sleep.
Rule 2: The relative adverb when refers to _______
time
work out the rules
1.One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
2.There are many reasons why people are lack of sleep.
3.I don’t believe the reason why I suffer sleep problems.
4. The reason why he was sleepy was that he didn’t sleep well.
Rule 3: The relative adverb why refers to ________.
reason
work out the rules
[疑难点津]　
有一些先行词，如point(地步)，case(情况)，situation(情形)，position(位置)，stage(阶段)，condition（状态；环境），atmosphere（氛围），instance(实例)，activity，job，scene等，属于抽象的地点名词/模糊化地点，如果定语从句中缺地点状语，需用where引导。
You will reach a point in any project where you just want to get the thing finished. 在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。
Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences. 他们的孩子正处于能说单个字而不会说整个句子的阶段。
When you feel alone, just look at the spaces between your fingers _______ mine fit perfectly.
where
Work out more rules
Rule 4:
In more formal English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced by “_____________+ _______”.
preposition which
Do you remember a period when /at which you have a good sleep
One reason why/for which teenagers don’t get a good sleep is pressure from school .
Night is the time when/ during which their bodies grow faster.
We are live in the world where/ in which sleep problems are common.
Weekend is the time ______ people often use to catch up on some sleep.
Exploring the rules: relative pronouns relative adverbs
that/which/---
缺宾语
in those days
(代入法)---如果先行词代入从句中不需要加介词，用关系代词，需要额外加介词，用关系副词。
？
？
=in which
=when
I miss those days ______________I used to sleep really well.
解题三步骤：一找二代三定
切勿看到先行词就先入为主急于做判断！
① This is the hall in which the medical conference will be held. 这里是举行医学会议的大厅。
② The couple have two children, neither of whom (= but neither of them) lives with them. 这对夫妇有两个孩子，但都不和他们住在一起。
③ There are two buildings, the larger of which (=and the larger one of them) stands nearly 100 feet high.这里有两座建筑，其中较大的一座有近 100 英尺高。
④ He is a famous doctor, with whose help (= and with his help) she was saved. 他是一位名医，她就是在他的帮助下得救的。
⑤ He may be late, in which case (= and in this case) we ought to wait for him. 他可能会迟到，如果情况是这样，我们应该等他。
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
“介词＋关系代词”结构中，介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。
一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定
二动：根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯来确定
三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定
1) I want to buy a pen _______ which I will write a letter.
2) The house _______ which he paid 200,000 yuan is now worth 350,000 yuan.
3) Andrew lives alone and enjoys the company of a pet cat, ______ ______ he's grown so fond.
一找二代三定
这里的介词+which能用关系副词进行替换吗？
with
for
of
which
[疑难点津]
(1) 表“所属关系”或“整体中的一部分”时，常用 ... of which/whom引导定语从句。
(2) 介词可后移，此时关系代词可省略(省略时，介词必须后移)。
(3) 有些含有介词的固定动词短语一般不能将介词分开放在关系代词前，如listen to, look for, care for, hear from, hear of, take care of等。　
(4) 特殊情况：from where, since/until/by when也可以引导定语从句
He stood on top of the hill, from where he could see the Yangtze River.
他站在山顶上，从那里他能看到长江。(from where＝from which place)
The book was written in 1946, since when the education system has seen great changes. 这本书著于1946年，从那时起教育体制发生了大变化。(since when＝since which time)
Apply the rules
Join each pair of sentences using a relative adverb, “preposition + which” or a relative pronoun .
place
B1
1. The reason why/ for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
2. I miss those days when/ in which I used to sleep really well.
3. The hospital where/ in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problem is near my home.
4. I still remember that afternoon when/ on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
Apply the rules
If you are asked to continue the magazine article on sleep problems ,
what will be talked about in the next paragraph
A. the importance of having a good sleep
B. tips on how to deal with sleep problems
C. the negative effects of sleep problems
B2
Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition+which” where necessary.
B2
Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep (1) __________we get is important to us. How can we get a better night's sleep Here are some tips for you.
Tip 1: Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. This helps set the body's "clock. Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the time (2) ______________you feel like a lie-in.
Tip 2: Make your bedroom a place (3) ________________you feel comfortable. Your bedroom needs to be cool, dark and quiet so you can sleep soundly.
Tip 3: Avoid drinks (4) ____________may keep you from sleeping, such as coffee and tea.
Tip 4: Clear your head of stress and worry from your day before bedtime. These negative thoughts are one reason (5) ___________ you stay awake after the light goes off.
(that / which)
when/ at which
where/ in which
that / which
why/ for which
（一）关系词对比填空
(1)①This is one of the most interesting films that ________ (be) shown last week.
②This is the only one of the most interesting films that ________ (be) shown last week.
(2)①He has two sons, both of ___________ are college students.
②He has two sons, and both of ___________ are college students.
(3)①He still lives in the room ___________ window faces east.
②He still lives in the room, the window of ___________ faces east.
③He still lives in the room ___________ is on the third floor.
④He still lives in the room ___________ there is a beautiful table.
were
was
whom
them
whose
which
that/ which
where
(4)①After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ urgently needed clean water and medicine.
②After the flooding, people were suffering in that area, ________ clean water and medicine were needed.
(5)①A housing bubble is an economic situation _______ occurs when house prices rise too fast.
②It's helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
(6)①I'll never forget the days __________ we studied together.
②I’ll never forget the days in __________ we studied together.
③I'll never forget the days __________ we spent together.
(7)①This is the only way __________ you can find.
②I don't like the way __________ he spoke to his mother.
(8)①Is this the museum __________ they visited last month
②Is this the museum to __________ they paid a visit last month
who
where
that/ which
where
when
which
(that/ which)
that
that
that/ which
which
（二）单句语法填空（定语从句相关）
1.Do you still remember the day __________ I first saw you
2.This is the reason __________ I passed out that day.
3.We went to a remote village last weekend _________ turns out to be a place with beautiful scenery.
4.Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ____________ life has developed gradually.
5.He is a teacher of rich experience, from __________ much can be learnt.
6.The film __________ he played the leading role was a great success.
7.At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ____________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.
when
why
which
where
whom
where
where
8.Finally he reached a lonely island __________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
9.Such electronic tubes _________we use in a radio set are also found in a TV set.
10.The number of smokers, ________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
11.I lost my wallet in the restaurant _________we had lunch.
12.Can you tell me the reason _________you didn't come to his birthday party
13.Maria has written two novels, both of ________have been made into television series.
14.The first thing I would say is that the way ________you begin the conversation is very important.
which/ that
as
as
where
why
which
that
15.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _________his employees enjoy their work.
16.When people talk about the cities of China, the first _________comes into their mind is Beijing.
17.Do you still remember the chicken farm _________we visited three months ago
18.In China, the number of cities is increasing _________development is recognized across the world.
19.______is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.
20.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school _________________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
where
that
that/ which
whose
As
that/ who/ whom
21.Catherine invited about 50 people to her wedding, most of ______ are family members.
22.William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes ________ which we can learn without repeating them.
23.The couple have two children, but neither of __________ lives with them.
24.The books, some of which we believe __________(be) very valuable, are in the library.
25.Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and Della had only $1.87 with which ____________(buy) her husband a present.
whom
from
them
are
to buy
（三）用适当的关系词完成短文
The Laba Festival is the day ① there is a custom of eating Laba porridge in most parts of China. The reason ② it is celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar is that “La” is the name given to the 12th lunar month and 8 is pronounced as “ba” in Chinese. There are several legends about its origin, most of ③ are not true. However, what we know today is that this festival started as a time ④ the ancient Chinese used to pray for a bountiful (丰富的) harvest and good luck as well for the coming year. During this festival, people often eat Laba porridge ⑤ is made of rice, millet, bean, cowpea, peanut, and pork.
（三）用适当的关系词完成短文
The Laba Festival is the day ① when there is a custom of eating Laba porridge in most parts of China. The reason ② why it is celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of the lunar Chinese calendar is that “La” is the name given to the 12th lunar month and 8 is pronounced as “ba” in Chinese. There are several legends about its origin, most of ③ which are not true. However, what we know today is that this festival started as a time ④ when the ancient Chinese used to pray for a bountiful (丰富的) harvest and good luck as well for the coming year. During this festival, people often eat Laba porridge ⑤ which/that is made of rice, millet, bean, cowpea, peanut, and pork.
教材workbook P76 C
1. where
2. (which/ that)
3. why
4. (who/ whom/ that)
5. when
6. which/ that
7. (which/ that)
8. which
9. when
10. (which/ that)
11. whose
12. where

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