资源简介

(共56张PPT)
Sentence elements（句子成分）&Sentence structures（句子结构）Structures everywhere结构成分What makes up elements materials钢板瓦、玻璃钢瓦、粘土瓦、硫璃瓦、西洋瓦、石膏天花、玻璃棉天花、矿棉天花、铝天花、PVC塑料天花、复合天花、钢板拱顶等。某些成分中的一种材料通常可以被另一种材料替代，而有时另一些成分中的材料却是独一无二、不可替代的。结构成分材料Do sentences have structures Theboyvisited Beijingwhen he was ten.句子主语宾语谓语状语The boyvisitedBeijingwhen he was ten.句子主语宾语谓语状语The boyvisitedBeijingwhen he was ten.句子结构由句子成分组成句子主语宾语谓语状语The boyvisitedBeijingwhen he was ten.words词phrases短语clauses句子（从句）句子成分可以由不同的成分充当boy(noun)visit(verb)Besides nouns and verbs, are there any other type of words 十大词类冠词(article)名词(noun)代词(pronoun)数词(numeral)动词(verb)形容词(adjective)副词(adverb)介词(preposition)连词(conjunction)感叹词(exclamation)nounverbadjectiveadverb句子主语宾语谓语状语The boyvisitedBeijingwhen he was ten.Back to sentence elementssubject主语predicate谓语appositive同位语adverbial状语attributive定语predicative表语complement宾补object宾语sentence elements句子必有的两个成分：主语、谓语主语—习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台在句子中，主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。My schoolis planning to hold class meetings about Chinese traditional culture and will post some of the meetings on an English website.To let China go to the world and let the world understand Chinais my first aim.What is the most impressiveis its many multi-level waterfalls and colorful lakes.谓语—坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词或动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。谓语的构成如下：简单谓语：由一个实义动词或动词短语构成。Theyadvisedgetting the whole class involved in a brainstorm conference for studying more effectively.The text mainlyfocuses onthe story of a robot.复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由系动词加表语构成。These storiescan relieve my stress and broaden my horizon.Shy and negative,Iwas unconfidentto join in any activity during that time.并列谓语：由两个以上动词并列作谓语，中间用and或or连结。Ilooked aroundand finallyspottedDavid, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence.Sheputsher hand into her pocket,takes outher red cell phone andpressesthe talk key.谓语动词如何并列？两个谓语动词并列：谓语 1and谓语 2三个以上谓语动词并列：谓语 1，谓语 2and谓语 3谓语 1，谓语 2，谓语 3and谓语 4一个句子有几个谓语动词？
He likes plays football.
He likes playing football.
She sat on the sofa, watched TV.
She sat on the sofa and watched TV.
The boy comes from the USA, he likes Chinese food.
The boy comes from the USA and he likes Chinese food.
有且只有一个谓语动词。
宾语—一直受到压制，有时“翻身农奴把歌唱”宾语表示谓语动作的对象，一般位于及物动词或介词的后面，受到主语的限制和制约。宾语一般由名词(短语)、宾格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式或宾语从句等充当，根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”成为主语。双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)Serving as my role model, my mother has givenmevaluable spiritual wealth, and definitely, she deserves the highest praise!复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)I would likeyouto give us your guidance and encouragement.补语—始终寄人篱下，永远成不了主人补语也叫补足语，主要起补充说明的作用，最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语，所以说它寄人篱下，成不了“主人”。补足语可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句等充当。All the students consider himan excellent teacher.Upon approaching the house, I noticed my dad and momstanding beside the old truck, looking upset.He was seenplaying basketballon the playground yesterday.表语—最会察言观色，就看“主子”脸色表语一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后，用以说明主语这个“主子”的身份、特征和状态等，一般由名词、名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。The lakes looksbeautiful and calm.More importantly, the other reason isthat the documentaries present a splendid picture of China in front of their audiences — its history, food, art and so on.定语—鞍前马后搞服务，全心全意勤务兵修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词，可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词或定语从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况，如短语结构、从句等作定语时，常置于被修饰词之后。Richpeople are not always thehappyones.As you see, the studentsin our schoolare always hard-working.My dreamto be admitted into my favorite universitywill come true.状语—行踪飘忽不定，却对动词“情有独钟”修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、程度等意义。状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首，修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；一些表示频度的副词(如often，almost等)作状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。副词多用来修饰动词，故说它对动词“情有独钟”。In my growing up, shefrequentlyreminded me of the belief— to value education and to be helpful.The ceremony was scheduled to be heldon June 8.Learning the COVID-19 appeared, he put himself into the battle again.同位语—总是玩失踪，特殊场合还是“显露原形”对句子中的名词(短语)或代词作进一步解释、说明，与前面的成分在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的，所以说它爱玩失踪。如果要对前面名词的具体内容作进一步的说明，这时候就需要同位语，可谓“显露原形”。可以用作同位语的有：名词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、动名词和从句等。When we were about to leave, the bear appeared from a distance, running towards us, with three other bears,a mother bear and two baby bears.The most beloved and respected person around me is my teacher,Ms Li.材料材料材料材料材料材料句子成分材料句子成分冠词名词代词数词动词形容词副词介词短语动名词动词不定式分词从句主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语同位语例句分析The man, our English teacher, told us to keep quiet in the reading room.主语同位语谓语宾语宾语补足语定语表语状语定语The man, our teacher, told us to keep quiet in the room.（删减定语）The man, our teacher, told us to keep quiet.（删减状语）The man told us to keep quiet.（删减同位语）句子成分有无主次之分主要成分predicate谓语predicative表语object宾语complement宾补subject主语attributive定语adverbial状语appositive同位语次要成分compare and think树有很多结构男性女性英语句子都长什么样？都有什么样的结构？句子结构由什么组成？A. 8种句子成分B. 5种主要成分C. 3种次要成分D. 2种核心成分主要成分predicate谓语predicative表语object宾语complement宾补subject主语Five basic structures五种简单基本句型结构一：简约却不简单的“主语＋谓语(vi.)(＋状语)”SV主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词或不及物动词短语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。Inthe environment,teachers and studentsare livinghappilyand workinghard.The upcoming music festivalwill take placein our school.结构二：众人青睐的“主谓宾(＋状语)”SVO“主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接近，因而这个句型是运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语(＋状语)。该句型中的谓语是及物动词或者及物动词短语。Both teachers and studentshopeto hold such activities again.Iam looking forward toenjoying your wonderful lecture.结构三：独一无二的“主系表”SVP汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的。它主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语＋系动词(linking.v.)＋表语。这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、非谓语动词形式或从句等。常见的系动词有be，还有感官系动词(sound,look,smell,taste,feel)；变化系动词(become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run)；持续系动词(remain,keep,hold,stay)；表象系动词(seem,appear,look)等。The traditional Chinese dresslooksmore beautiful and stylish.Nowwefeelreleased and very energeticin class.结构四：一拖二的“主谓宾宾”SVOO“主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有独特的魅力。与及物动词跟一个单个的宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词(短语)相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)。1．间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的动词：give,offer,hand,show,throw,pass,pay,send,sell,tell,lend,write 等。(如：give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb.)However busy he is,hewritesmean e-mailevery week.＝However busy he is,he writes an e-mail to me every week.Mr Smithgavemesome adviceandlentmean English dictionary.＝Mr Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.2．可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词：make,buy,cook,find,get,order,sing,spare,fetch等。(如：make sb.sth.＝make sth.for sb.)Heboughtmea bicycle.＝He bought a bicycle for me.Canyougetmesome stamps？＝Can you get some stamps for me 结构五：缺一不可的“主谓宾补”SVOC“主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。We allcallhima living dictionary.Mr Liuwhomademeaware of the importance of learning English well.Hesawmewaiting in the rain.Our maths teacheralwaysencouragesusto work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers.The studenthas madeita ruleto read English magazines every day.S VS V OS V PS V O OS V O C动词的不同属性决定了其选择的不同，决定了句子结构的不同。绘画 油漆衣着发型S VS V OS V PS V O OS V O C修饰性成分扩大组合倒装省略That's all for this class.

展开更多......

收起↑