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(共29张PPT)
Sentence elements 成分
Sentence structures 结构
1
2
3
Part of speech 词性
B1U1 Grammar and usage
pl.
vt.
conj.
pron.
adv.
prep.
Find out the nouns:
Find out the verbs:
Linking verbs 系动词
1）表示人或事物特征和存在状态的: *be *seem, appear *look, sound, taste, smell, feel;
2）表示状态持续的: remain, keep, stay, hold;
3）表示状态改变的: become, go, turn, get, run, fall, come, grow;
4）表示终止性结果的: prove, turn out.
对比：
1. This kind of food tastes terrible.
2. He is tasting the wine.
Function 句子成分 /Sentence elements
Subject
Verb
Predicative
Object
Attributive
Adverbial
Complement
Apposition
快问快答 Yes or No
1. 介词或介词短语是否可以做主语？
2. 谓语动词是否可以出现在句首？
3. 是否只有及物动词后一定要加宾语？
4. 表示人的宾语是否通常叫做直接宾语？
5. 单个形容词是否只能放在被修饰词的前面？
6. 形容词是否也可以作宾语？
7. 非谓语动词是否可以充当状语？
8. 副词是否通常作状语或补语？
补语Complement（用来补充说明主语或宾语的特征或状态，分为宾语/主语补足语，由名词，形容词, 不定式, 介词短语, 副词充当）
1) We made him monitor. (名词作宾补)
He was made monitor. (名词作主补)
I made him a gift. (名词作________)
2) We all consider it beautiful. (形容词作宾补)
It was thought good. (形容词做主补)
3) He told us to come on time. (不定式作宾补)
4) Don’t leave me at home. (介短作宾补)
He was left at home. (介短作主补)
5) Please call him in. (副词作宾补)
同位语Apposition（对主语、宾语、表语进行解释，通常由名词、代词、数词或与其相当的结构充当。）
1) You two wait here. (与主语同位)
2) We were shocked by the news that he died in the accident. (与宾语同位)
3) Ms. Xu is our principal, a very popular teacher. (与表语同位)
验证方法→ 所作成分相同；加“be动词”或等号
同位语如果删去，句子仍然完整，但句意不够明确。
1. Our English teacher is kind and positive.
2. Fortunately, he passed the exam.
3. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student.
4. They are looking for the person responsible for the program.
5. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful.
Check：判断黑体字在句中所作的成分
表语
状语
（介词）宾语
定语
（宾语）补足语
Exploring the rules
Subject Verb
I agree.
Subject Verb Predictive
Subject Verb Object
Subject Verb Indirect object Direct object
Subject Verb Object Object complement
These habits
will be
helpful.
You
will have
a happy life.
Setting goals
gives
you
a focus in life.
Setting goals
makes
you
more confident.
Subject + Verb (SV)
Subject + Verb + Predicative (SVP)
Subject + Verb + Object (SVO)
Subject + Verb + Indirect object + Direct object (SVOO)
Subject + Verb + Object + Object complement (SVOC)
Rule 1: The subject and the ________ are necessary parts of a sentence.
verb
Working out the rules
I agree.
You will live a happy life.
Subject
Subject
Intransitive verb (vi.)
Transtive verb (vt.)
Object
object
nouns
pronouns
Rule 2: A transitive verb is always followed by a(n) _________. Objects are usually _______ or ____________.
S + V + O
You will have a happy life.
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
Setting goals gives you a focus in life.
Setting goals gives a focus to you in life.
Rule 3: Some verbs can have two objects. The indirect object usually refers to a person and the direct object a thing.
S + V + DO + IO
What verbs have we learned that can take two objects → sb. sth.
Brainstorm
S + V + DO + IO
give, offer, teach, bring, buy, cost, fetch, lend, pass, hand, return, pay, tell, sell, write, send, show…
Q: 这些动词有何相似性？
Setting goals makes you more confident.
Object complement (OC)
S + V + O + OC
Rule 4: The object complement adds more information about the object.
该句式常用于三类动词：
①使役动词：keep，make，let，have，leave，get等；
②感官动词：see，watch，notice，observe，find，catch，listen to，hear，feel，smell；
③其他动词：ask，tell，order，request，permit，persuade, call, consider等。

S+V+O
S+V+P
or
Question: How can we decide the verb in a sentence is a linking verb, a transitive or an intransitive verb
Tip: Change the verb into “be” verb. If the sentence still makes sense, the verb is a linking verb.

S+V+O
S+V+P
or
1. This kind of food tastes terrible.
2. He is tasting the wine.
3. We should keep positive in life.
4. We should keep a positive attitude to life.
5. Very little of the house remained after the fire.
6. Achieving a balance between my study and hobbies remains a challenge.
S+V+O
S+V+P
S+V+P
S+V+P
S+V+O
S+V+A
7. There are many tourist attractions worth visiting.
8. He made my thinking changed.
9. I visited many tourist attractions with my family last year.
10. Tom will bring me several English books tomorrow.
S+V+O+C
there be 结构
S+V+O+A
S+V+O+O
We can add an adverbial to each of the above five sentence structures. We use an adverbial to show when (adverbial of time), where (adverbial of place) or how (adverbial of manner) an action is done.
We watched our chemistry teacher do an experiment .
[carefully]
[with tubes] [in the lab] [last week]
Adverbials
1. By setting goals now, you are deciding what you want to achieve in the future.
2. To realize your goal, you need to have a good plan, manage your time well and pay attention to details.
3. When you achieve a goal, you see the result of your hard work.
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
[ ]
Adverbials
Practice
Applying the rules
Mark the different elements of each sentence with different symbols.
1. You will find (senior high) school different from (junior high) school.
2. (Your) schoolwork will be more challenging.
3. We will give you (more) independence.
4. You should listen [more carefully].
5. You can join a club.
6. (Your) teachers will help you [in (many) ways].
7. You will succeed.
Below are some tips about setting goals. Match the underlined sentences with the correct structures. Write the letters in the boxes.
Manage time properly is an important way of leading a more successful life. You will benefit the tips below.
Keep a diary. It may seem difficult to start, but sticking to it will give the chance to see how you spend your time.
Make a to-do list. Sometimes you feel caught between so many tasks. In this case, a to-do list may helpful. You can also break big tasks into small action steps. This makes difficult tasks easily to manage and complete.
Use technology wisely. To manage your time well, you should also make wisely use of communication tools. The best way is set aside some time for dealing with them. You should not waste too much time on them.
Correct the grammar mistakes in the following passage.
Challenge
Manage time properly is an important way of leading a more successful life. You will benefit the tips below.
Keep a diary. It may seem difficult to start, but sticking to it will give the chance to see how you spend your time.
Managing
︿
from
you
︿
Make a to-do list. Sometimes you feel caught between so many tasks. In this case, a to-do list may helpful. You can also break big tasks into small action steps. This makes difficult tasks easily to manage and complete.
︿
be
easy/easier
Use technology wisely. To manage your time well, you should make wisely use of communication tools. The best way is set aside some time for dealing with them. You should not waste too much time on them.
wise
︿
to

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