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2025-2026：明德中学高二下学期第一次月考
英 语
注意事项：
1、答题前，请考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准
考证号、考室和座位号；
2、必须在答题卡上答题，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效；
3、答题时，请考生注意各大题题号后面的答题提示；
4、请勿折叠答题卡，保持字体工整、笔迹清晰、卡面清洁;
5、答题卡上不得使用涂改液、涂改胶和贴纸；
6、本学科试卷中听力材料以中速朗读两遍。
试卷分四个部分，67小题，时量 120分钟，满分 150分。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30分）
第一节（共 5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 7.5分）
听下面 5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选
项。
1. Why do the two speakers want to go in to a bar
A. Because they don’t want to be caught in the rain.
B. Because they want to have a drink.
C. Because they want to meet another friend.
2. How long will the man have to wait before the plane takes off at the airport
A. 105 minutes. B. 80 minutes. C. 75 minutes.
3. What is the woman going to buy
A. Pants suit. B. A blouse. C. A coat.
4. What can we learn from this conversation
A. Michael is playing in the garden.
B. Sally is playing in the garden.
C. Sally is not present here.
5. What kind of coffee does the man prefer
A. White coffee without sugar.
B. Coffee with sugar.
C. Coffee without milk or sugar.
第二节（共 15小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 22.5分）
听下面 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项
中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题 5秒钟；听完后，
各小题将给出 5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
6. For which day did the man book a room finally
A. April 22nd. B. April 21st. C. April 23rd.
7. How much will the man pay for the room
A. 100 dollars. B. 99 dollars. C. 108 dollars.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
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8. Why doesn’t the man book the seats downstairs
A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too crowded. C. It’s too far.
9. When does the man plan to see the performance
A. Next Saturday. B. On October 21st. C. On October 25th.
10. How much does each upstairs ticket cost
A. $10. B.$3.75. C. $2.50.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
11. What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Saleswoman and customer.
12. Where is Tom Brown working now
A. In the Spanish department.
B. At the French Company.
C. In the National Bank.
13. Which language do you think Kathy Smith teaches now
A. German. B. Spanish. C. French.
听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。
14. Where does the conversation take place
A. In a bank. B. At an airport ticket office. C. At a police station.
15. Where was the woman’s money probably stolen
A. Near the bank.
B. On the moving stair from the underground.
C. Around the police station.
16. What’s the woman doing in the city
A. Doing a business. B. Paying a visit. C. Having lessons
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
17. What was children’s education like in the past
A. Children liked to sit in the classroom for hours.
B. Children kept repeating until they memorized
C. Children could think and learn by themselves.
18. What do we learn from the passage
A. Children today like staying in school.
B. Some children hate to leave when the teachers ask them to.
C. We must encourage children to self-learn.
19. Why can’t some of the children find jobs
A. They are too young to do so.
B. Their parents won’t allow them to do so.
C. The teachers won’t help them do so.
20. What do many teachers consider
A. Wondering if they can make children learn.
B. Wondering if children can learn by themselves.
C. Wondering what they should do to help children learn.
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第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50分）
第一节（共 15个小题；每小题 2.5分，满分 37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C和 D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将
该项涂黑。
A
Fort Street Hotel
Fort Street Hotel is located in a beautiful historic building in Auckland CBD (Central
Business District). Facilities include free coffee, a sauna, a rooftop kitchen with beautiful views of
the city and harbor. Free daily activities include walking tours and barbecue events.
Fort Street Hotel is within a 10-minute walk from Spark Arena, Sky Tower and Viaduct
Harbor. It is a 5-minute walk to Britomart Train Station and Queen Street is just around the corner.
You can relax in the sauna, then head down to the bar, located on Darby Street, to meet
fellow travelers from all over the world. Free Wi-Fi is available 24 hours a day in the common
area on Level 1.
Great location: 16-20 Fort Street, 1010 Auckland, New Zealand—show map
Most popular facilities
#Non-smoking rooms #Free Wi-Fi #Free parking #24-hour front desk #Laundry
Room Types Sleeps Today’s Price Your Choices
Budget Double Room without
Window1 full-size bed 12 m2
USD 237 Non-refundable
Private Bathroom / TV / Free
Maximum: 2 USD 225 Pay in advance
Wi-Fi / Shower / Hairdryer / Fan /
people Includes taxes Only 4 rooms left on our
Towels / Sheets (extra fee) /
and fees site
Upper floors accessible by
elevator / Toilet paper
Standard Twin Room with Free cancellation until
USD 303
Shared Bathroom2 twin beds 20 11:59 pm on April 2, 2022
Maximum: 4 USD 287
m2 Pay in advance
people Includes taxes
Free Wi-Fi / Shower / Toilet Only 6 rooms left on our
and fees
paper / Shared bathroom site
Free cancellation until
Triple Room with Shared USD 483
11:59 pm on April 2, 2022
Bathroom3 twin beds 30 m2 Maximum: 6 USD 358
Pay in advance
Free Wi-Fi / Shower / Toilet people Includes taxes
Only 5 rooms left on our
paper / Shared bathroom and fees
site
21. What is an advantage of this hotel
A. Free laundry. B. Favorable location.
C. Independent smoking space. D. A unique underground kitchen.
22. How much should the Smiths with 2 kids pay for 2 nights at this hotel
A. USD 574. B. USD 358. C. USD 606. D. USD 450.
23. Where does the text probably come from
A. A magazine. B. A travel guide. C. A web page. D. A reference book.
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B
When I arrived at the Sign Language Center in Manhattan for my first American Sign
Language (ASL) class, a man took one look at my hesitant posture and held up some fingers. One
Two I put up one finger, and he directed me to the Level 1 class. It was disorienting: Class time
was strictly “voices off” to encourage immersive learning and to show respect to the deaf teachers.
Without the power of speech, all my classmates and I could do was smile and nod at one another
as we took in the new vocabulary.
Learning ASL in the early weeks was a culture shock. As a writer, I pride myself on a certain
facility with language. I was taught that there’s a perfect combination of words that can most
precisely communicate any thought. With ASL, I expected to feel similarly, and thought fluency
would come once I collected a critical mass of signs. The first thing you learn in ASL class is the
alphabet. As my classmates and I asked and answered questions using words we didn’t have the
signs for, those early weeks were filled with laborious spelling. It was embarrassing: Seeing a
dozen politely smiling faces watching me as I slowly spelled, misspelled and restarted spelling
words—often multiple times—was its own kind of torture.
Over time, I picked up on new conventions, like waving a hand or stomping (跺脚) on the
ground to get someone’s attention. My fingers stopped as they reached for new shapes, and I
struggled to differentiate very similar looking signs. Eventually I realized that when you’re
communicating in sign language, diction (措辞) is not as important as the way you embody (具体
化) what you’re communicating. I once asked a teacher how to sign the word “desperate”. “ASL
doesn’t have a direct translation of every English word,” he told me. “If you want to sign
‘desperate’, you might just sign the word ‘want’, but with the appropriate facial and body
posturing to show your desperation. It doesn’t make sense to sign ‘frustrated’ if your face doesn’t
look at all frustrated,” he added—it’s like speaking in a single unvarying tone while claiming you’
re angry.
I’ve been attending ASL classes for almost two years. Initially, my reason was insignificant:
a childhood fascination with “secret languages”. While ASL may not wholly share a vocabulary
with English, that doesn’t mean it lacks precision. Its precision, I’ve learned, lies in the common
language of the body.
24. How did the author feel in the first ASL class
A. Confused. B. Frustrated. C. Anxious. D. Ambitious.
25. What made the author embarrassed when learning the alphabet
A. Misspelling and respelling words repeatedly.
B. Being made fun of in front of the class.
C. Putting on smiling facial expressions.
D. Waving a hand to get someone’s attention.
26. According to the passage, what can we learn about ASL
A. It conveys more emotions than verbal language.
B. It requires a combination of signs and emotions.
C. It’s a universal language system across cultures.
D. It has a direct translation of signs for every word.
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27. What has the author learned from her learning experience
A. ASL prioritizes precision over communication.
B. The body is what gives language life.
C. Fluency comes from the mastery of signs.
D. Diction is what gives language flavour.
C
When visiting a doctor a few years from now, you can expect to be accompanied by a virtual
version of yourself. This so-called digital twin will be a working model of your body that can be
displayed onto a physician’s computer screen. Updated with your latest vital signs, it will help the
doctor make an accurate diagnosis. It also opens the door for medicines and procedures designed
specifically for you, increasing recovery rates.
This might seem like fantasy, but the foundations are being laid. Researchers at Queen Mary
University of London (QMUL) already use computer simulations (模拟) of the hearts of patients
to assess different treatments for a heart disorder. It would be far too dangerous to experiment this
way on someone’s real heart.
Digital twins are starting to pop up everywhere, monitoring the health of jet engines on
airliners and letting carmakers shave years off the development of new models by simulating test
drives and crashes. All this is being turbocharged by recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI),
which gives twins the ability to make predictions about their physical counterparts (对应的事物),
and fine-tune themselves on new information.
Digital twins began as basic computer models of physical objects and systems and have
become more advanced with computers becoming more plex design and modelling
software means many physical objects initially take shape in the virtual world. Small sensors feed
twins with real-time data, ensuring that they mirror their physical counterparts.
Digital twins make it easier for humans to tackle complex problems, allowing people to peer
into the future, spotting problems before they materialize and testing wild ideas without real-world
consequences. For businesses, this should mean better designs and operations. For society, the
promise is equally appealing: personalized health care, and clues as to how the planet might avoid
environmental catastrophe.
Could these virtual twins go out of control They might if they are programmed badly, or
hacked into. Digital twins will gobble up (吞噬) mountains of data, some of it wrong or prejudiced
and much of it raising concerns about privacy. Yet these risks are not specific to digital twins.
They apply to all emerging technologies, as they always have and always will. The emergence of
the digital mirror world will doubtless raise new questions, but its potential advantages are already
plain to see.
28. What is the main function of a digital twin of a patient
A. To replace the patient in doctor visits.
B. To track the results of physical checkups.
C. To assist doctors in making accurate diagnoses.
D. To store all the patient’s past medical records.
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29. Why do researchers at QMUL use computer simulations of hearts
A. Because it can reduce the cost of the operation.
B. Because it is more convenient than using real hearts.
C. Because it can help increase patients’ recovery rates.
D. Because it can avoid the risk of experimenting on real hearts.
30. How does AI contribute to the development of digital twins
A. It creates the basic computer models of physical systems.
B. It offers the ability to forecast and adjust based on new data.
C. It enables the perfect simulation of all physical objects.
D. It tackles the complex problems in the real-world application.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the digital twins
A. Cautious. B. Indifferent. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
D
I’m sure you’ve all taken some personality tests, like MBTI test or those in psychology class,
that can be great for icebreaker activities but how do introversion and extroversion (内向与外向)
play out in our daily lives
An introverted brain has a high automatic system reactivity which means that they are far less
likely to seek out stimulation. Hence, introverts tend to be less social, avoid conflict and often
process things the best when alone. Extroverts, however, draw their attention from the
environment because of their brain’s low stimulation. They seek out social situations and often
feel more comfortable in group settings.
Our current education system emphasizes the need for “collaborative learning”,
“project-based learning” and “flipped classrooms (翻转课堂 )”. In this system, introversion in
students can be commonly misinterpreted by teachers as boredom or problematic issues.
Furthermore, introverted students are less likely to participate in group discussions, and oftentimes
feel more pressure and anxiety to become extroverted. These feelings can easily flow into other
aspects of life and impact an introvert’s social and academic life.
However, there are still upsides to being an introvert. Introverts may not always thrive in the
social aspects of a class, but their intense concentration and tendency to be organized and
methodical can reflect further success in conventional forms of education like grades and exams.
On average, more intelligent children are-found to be introverts than extroverts.
So, what can teachers do Firstly, one of the most important steps is recognizing;
understanding the need to accommodate introverted students, while supporting extroverted
students. For example, teachers can redefine participation. Participation shouldn’t just represent
the times a student raises their hand or speaks in a discussion. Helping others, volunteering,
revising work, etc. all reflect a student’s participation in the class. Besides, they can consider
playing with space. Grouped desks might be great for extroverts but consider creating “quiet zones”
for students willing to focus on a task or create submission boxes for introverted students to leave
their discussion thought.
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32. What is the cause of the difference between introverts and extroverts
A. Communication abilities. B. Attitude towards conflicts.
C. Problem processing capability. D. Brain reactivity to stimulation.
33. What does the underlined word “thrive” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Succeed. B. Emerge. C. Withdraw. D. Struggle.
34. What does the author suggest teachers do
A. Develop students’ self-management skills
B. Guide students to develop intense concentration.
C. Encourage students to participate in class debates.
D. Create an introvert-friendly learning environment.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Introverts & Extroverts: How Students React to Teaching
B. Psychology of Personality: Challenges of Being Introverted
C. Introverts & Extroverts: When Classrooms Overlook Introverts
D. Psychology of Personality: Discussions on Class Participation
第二节（共 5个小题；每小题 2.5 分, 满分 12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
No More Chicken Wings, Please!
Could I eat another bite I glanced at my car seat, piled high with takeaway chicken wings.
Six orders in one afternoon had pushed me to my limit. Feeling overly full was nothing new for a
food critic, but I’d finally had enough of this stressful, unhealthy job.
Six years earlier, I’d been thrilled to land this job. I drove hundreds of miles every week,
eating out four to five times a day to hunt for hidden restaurants, unique dishes and untold stories.
36. ______________ “Wait! You get paid to eat That’s my dream job,” they’d say.
Outwardly it seemed like a dream job, but it was far from enjoyable. I never complained
about the pressure, rushing from meal to meal and deadline to deadline, constantly putting off
regular medical check-ups. 37. ______________ “I’d like this number lower,” my doctor said,
pointing at my high cholesterol. “I can’t control my diet for work,” I replied.
Many food writers only take one bite of each dish, but I always finished the meals I loved.
My weight climbed steadily, exercise did little to help, and long-term overeating did lasting harm
to my body. One day, my doctor warned me seriously, “You’re pre-diabetic.” 38.
______________ I tried to process the shocking news while eating fish tacos nearby, still unable
to turn down the food in front of me. I stayed in the job for another year, but I gradually began to
dream of simple home cooking instead of endless restaurant meals. 39. _______________
“I’m leaving the newspaper,” I told my boss. “Are you sure ” she asked in surprise. Yes, I
was completely certain. 40. ______________ It took months to control my oversized appetite and
break bad eating habits, but I was determined to regain my health. Nine months later, I’ve lost the
extra weight and my blood sugar is back to normal. Less stress has even made me look younger.
“You look so relaxed,” friends said.
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A. Tight deadlines took up all my personal time.
B. A huge weight was instantly lifted off my mind.
C. I decided to quit for my health before it was too late.
D. People envied my job the moment they heard about it.
E. My blood test results were alarming when I saw a doctor.
F. The tiring work and overeating ruined my health gradually.
G. OK, so my blood sugar had become a worrying problem too.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30分）
第一节（共 15小题；每小题 1分，满分 15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Simon Griffiths is the founder of Who Gives A Crap, a company that has 41 the
toilet paper industry. His journey began with a(n) 42 statistic—2.4 billion people don’t
have 43 to a toilet, about 40% of the world! While volunteering in Asia and Africa,
Simon 44 organizations doing incredible things to help people there, but the lack of
sustainable funding greatly 45 their work.
Inspired by his experience in developing countries, Simon 46 to sell goods to make a
difference. But what he should sell One day, Simon walked into the bathroom and a good idea
47 him: he could sell toilet paper and donate half profits to help fund organizations build
toilets. Who Gives A Crap was born.
Too often, people buy products that 48 to their taste but without clever packaging, so
his 49 was to create something that 50 quality and aesthetics (美学), so that
people would want to put it in their bathroom.
It was not beyond their 51 that their goods sold well. Their donation to WaterAid
Australia has grown from the initial 2, 500 AUD to 5.85 million AUD, they becoming its largest
52 .
When interviewed, Simon said “I tried various jobs before Who Gives A Crap. But after
working in both corporate and non-profit organizations, I 53 I wanted to combine
business with social 54 so I found the way to use profits from everyday products to do
good 55 .”
41. A. created B. transformed C. occupied D. disturbed
42. A. interesting B. obvious C. shocking D. awesome
43. A. access B. fantasy C. entrance D. preference
44. A. announced B. witnessed C. imagined D. suggested
45. A. took up B. weighed up C. held back D. appealed to
46. A. revealed B. revised C. resigned D. resolved
47. A. annoyed B. struck C. bothered D. chose
48. A. subscribe B. react C. stick D. cater
49. A. intention B. attitude C. assumption D. criterion
50. A. ignored B. combined C. evaluated D. adopted
51. A. expectation B. description C. passion D. occupation
52. A. partner B. client C. opponent D. donor
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53. A. blamed B. denied C. realized D. detected
54. A. impacts B. careers C. prospects D. conflicts
55. A. appropriately B. immediately C. globally D. individually
第二节（共 10小题；每小题 1.5分，满分 15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 2016, Shennongjia made it onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. It was awarded this
status because it meets two criteria 56. __________ (require) by the list. It contains a naturally—
balanced environment that allows the many and various species. 57. __________ (live) and
prosper. It is also one of the rare locations in the world where scientists can observe the ecological
and biological processes 58. __________ occur as the plants and animals develop and evolve.
For the first criterion, Shennongjia is 59. __________ (apparent) one of the most “complete”
natural areas in the world. The region rises from about 400 metres to over 3,000 metres above sea
level, 60. __________ (result) in a great variation in climatic conditions and a wide variety of
species. Some of the plants and animals 61. __________ (regard) as living fossils.
What’s more, according to official statistics, over 3,000 plant species have been recorded,
which represents more than ten percent of China’s total floral 62. __________ (rich). Shennongjia
also supports more than 600 vertebrate species and around 4,300 insect species.
Therefore, it is 63. __________ challenge to look after so many species. Thanks to people’s
efforts, the Golden Snub—nosed Monkey’s population 64. __________ (double) since the 1980s.
The most impressive aspect is the local people, who take things from nature 65. __________
causing damage. All of this highlights how understanding, awareness and hard work have
contributed towards protecting the unique natural world.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 40分）
第一节（满分 15分）
假如你是高中生李华，你的美国笔友David热爱中国传统文化，最近打算来中国工作生活一
段时间，但是不确定应该去往哪个城市，写信向你咨询。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 你推荐的一座城市；
2. 推荐的理由（不少于两条）；
3. 美好祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数 80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
Dear David,
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分 25分）
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阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jane was the fastest runner in the school’s track and field team (田径队). Every morning, she’
d be the first to reach the track, her old running shoes hitting the ground-their bottoms were
broken, and the laces had been tied many circles to keep them from falling apart. Life at home was
a mess: her dad’s small repair shop closed down, and her mom had to take on two part-time jobs
to pay the bills. But Jane never complained (抱怨); running was her way to relax, and she’d even
won third place in the last city 800-meter race with those worn shoes.
One afternoon, the coach called the team together: “The city’s track competition is next
month. All runners must wear new running shoes for safety and better performance—no old or
worn ones allowed.” Jane’s heart dropped. She looked down at her shoes, knowing a new pair
would cost too much and that her family couldn’t afford it. That night, she sat on her bed,
touching the shoes over and over, all kinds of ideas flying across the mind. She thought of giving
up the competition, but the thought of letting her team down made her heart ache.
The next day, Jane fell behind during practice, her steps slower than usual. Sarah, the team’s
leader and her closest friend, noticed. “You’re not your usual self—what’s troubling you ” At first,
Jane shook her head, but she opened up at last. She talked about the new shoes and her family’s
trouble. Sarah listened quietly, and then said, “We’ll work this out together.”
After practice, Sarah gathered the team except Jane secretly. “Jane’s our top long-distance
runner-we can’t let her miss the competition!” They discussed ideas: a bake sale, a charity (慈善)
concert... and finally decided on a second-hand book and toy charity sale. For a week, they
collected things from classmates and teachers, set up a stand every afternoon, and told everyone
about Jane’s story. By Sunday evening, they’d raised more than enough for the shoes and even a
little extra for her family.
1. 续写词数应为 150个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:When Sarah handed Jane a pair of shoes and some money, Jane was surprised.
Paragraph 2: On the day of the competition, Jane stepped onto the track in her new shoes.
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2025-2026：明德中学高二下学期第一次月考英语试卷
（参考答案）
第一部分 听力
第一节
1—5 ACBCA
第二节
6—10 ABABC 11—15 BCBCB 16—20 BBCAB
第二部分 阅读
第一节 短文理解
21—23 BAC 24—27 DABB 28—31 CDBC 32—35 DADC
第二节 语篇补全
36—40 DEGCB
第三部分 语言运用
第一节 词语填空
41—45 BCABC 46—50 DBDAB 51—55 ADCAC
第二节 语法填空
56. required 57. to live
58. which/that 59. apparently
60. resulting 61. are regarded
62. richness 63. a
64. has doubled 65. without
第四部分 写作
第一节
Dear David.
Learning that you are to spend some time in China. I recommend you stay in Beijing the
capital and cultural center of China.
The city enjoys a high reputation for its abundance of ancient architecture, which represents
the traditional local lifestyles. And there are also plenty of museums where precious relics of
historical interest are waiting for you to explore. Besides, the exceptional (独特的) Peking Opera
performances there are also what you can’t miss.
I wish you a very happy and meaningful time in China!
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
When Sarah handed Jane a pair of shoes and some money, Jane was surprised. Sarah looked
at Jane with a smile, who said in a gentle voice. “Here is a pair of running shoes for you and some
extra money for you family.” There was no doubt that, seeing this, Jane was so grateful/thankful
that tears welled up in her eyes/tears rolled down her cheeks. /she burst into tears. What impressed
Jane most was that the shoes, which were Jane’s favorite, were blue. They fit perfectly/completely,
light and comfortable. Jane wanted to express/convey her thanks/gratitude/appreciation to Sarah
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and her teammates, but her throat felt tight and she was too moved to say anything. At that
moment, a wave of warmth flooded over Jane. She felt not only the comfort of the new shoes but
also the weight of her teammates’ expectations. She knew she had to train even harder to live up
to their faith in her. What deserved to be mentioned was that Jane decided to wear the shoes and
take part in/participate in the city’s track competition, who would spare no effort to make it.
On the day of the competition, Jane stepped onto the track in her new shoes. A mix of
excitement/delight and determination filled her heart, whose eyes sparkled with joy. When the
starting gun fired, she rushed forward confidently, whose legs moved faster than ever, and she
whispered to herself, “I can be successful!” While Jane was running, she could her her teammates
cheering for her and their voice gave her courage and strength. To everyone’s delight, she was the
first to cross the finish line, breaking the city’s record. The moment the competition was
done/finished, the audience burst into thunderous applause and she knew she made it. After the
race, she hugged/embraced her teammates tightly, who expressed/conveyed her sincere
thanks/gratitude/appreciation to them for their help. If it had not been for this experience, he
wouldn’t have realized that the valuable friendship and team spirit could make him go through
hard times/overcome difficulties and succeed in the city’s track competition.
12

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