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语法一日一练
（26年外研新版八年级下册英语）
Unit 1 被动语态（1）：一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态
Unit 3 情态动词（1）：should/must/can/need/have to与had better
Unit 4 情态动词（2）：表示“可能性与推测”的常用情态动词
Unit 5 宾语从句（1）：从属连词that、whether/if
Unit 6 宾语从句（2）：疑问词引导的宾语从句
Unit2一般过去时的被动语态 Day1
第一部分 单项选择 1. The 2022 Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. A. hold B. held C. were held D. are held 2. —I went to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in. —Sorry, we ______ to play outside at that time. A. ask B. asked C. are asked D. were asked 3. Tea ______ to Korea and Japan from China during the 6th and 7th centuries. A. bring B. brought C. is brought D. was brought 4. The little boy ______ for his honesty in class. A. praises B. praised C. is praised D. was praised 5. This kind of computer ______ in 2020, but it still works well. A. invented B. was invented C. invents D. is invented 6. These storybooks ______ for children many years ago. A. write B. wrote C. are written D. were written 7. The old building ______ down to make a new road. A. pulls B. pulled C. is pulled D. was pulled 8. Some famous stories ______ into plays last term. A. turn B. turned C. are turned D. were turned 9. He ______ to give a speech at the meeting. A. invites B. invited C. is invited D. was invited 10. The letter ______ in English by my teacher. A. wrote B. was written C. writes D. is written
第二部分 翻译句子 1. 这种电脑是2020年发明的。 作业被落在家里了。 这座博物馆假期里被数千人参观。 这个秘密没有告诉其他任何人。 5. 两年前河上又建了一座桥。
答案解析 一、单项选择
1. 答案C，解析：主语The 2022 Winter Olympics是动作的承受者，需用被动语态。事件发生在过去，主语为复数，因此用一般过去时被动语态were held。A、B为主动形式，D为一般现在时被动，均不符合。 2. 答案D，解析：主语we是“要求”这一动作的承受者，表示“被要求”。语境为过去时间，主语是复数，故用一般过去时被动语态were asked。A、B为主动形式，C为现在时被动，均错误。 3. 答案D，解析：主语tea是“传播”的承受者，要用被动语态。during the 6th and 7th centuries表示过去，主语为不可数名词，因此用was brought。A、B为主动形式，C时态不符。 4. 答案D，解析：主语the little boy是“表扬”的承受者，需用被动语态。句子描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时，故用was praised。A、B为主动形式，C为现在时被动，不合适。 5. 答案B，解析：主语computer是动作承受者，in 2020表过去，用一般过去时被动was invented。 6. 答案D，解析：主语these storybooks是“写”的承受者，需用被动语态。many years ago提示过去，主语为复数，故用were written。A、B为主动形式，C为现在时被动，不符合。 7. 答案D，解析：主语the old building是“拆毁”的承受者，要用被动语态。动作发生在过去，主语为单数，因此用was pulled。A、B为主动形式，C为现在时被动，均错误。 8. 答案D，解析：主语some famous stories是“改编”的承受者，需用被动语态。last term表示过去，主语为复数，故用were turned。A、B为主动形式，C时态不对。 9. 答案D，解析：主语he是“邀请”的承受者，表示“被邀请”。语境为过去时间，因此用一般过去时被动语态was invited。A、B为主动形式，C为现在时被动，不合适。 10. 答案B，解析：主语the letter是“写”的承受者，需用被动语态。写信的动作发生在过去，故用was written。A、C为主动形式，D为现在时被动，均不符合。 二、翻译句子 1. This kind of computer was invented in 2020. 2. The homework was left at home. 3. The museum was visited by thousands of people during the holiday. 4. The secret wasn’t told to anyone else. 5. Another bridge was built over the river two years ago.
Unit2一般过去时的被动语态
Day2 第一部分 单项选择 1. The promise ________ by him, so he couldn’t stay out late next time. A. isn’t kept B. didn’t keep C. wasn’t kept D. doesn’t keep 2. A yellow band ________ to the old woman’s wrist when the boy found her. A. attached B. is attached C. attaches D. was attached 3. The old woman ________ home by a kind policewoman after they talked for a while. A. was taken B. is taken C. took D. takes 4. Betty ________ to have a lazy day on the sofa by her strict dad last weekend. A. didn’t allow B. isn’t allowed C. doesn’t allow D. wasn’t allowed 5. Robert’s idea of hiking alone ________ by his mum because it was too dangerous. A. turned down B. is turned down C. was turned down D. turns down 6. Sarah’s birthday presents ________ in the bedroom by her parents last night. A. hides B. were hidden C. hid D. are hidden 7. Lots of research about the project ________ on my phone last term. A. is done B. does C. did D. was done 8. Too much of my time ________ on the phone, which made my eyes tired. A. was spent B. spends C. spent D. is spent 9. My attention ________ away from family meals by the phone every evening before. A. drawn B. is drawn C. draws D. was drawn 10. I ________ deeply by my failure in the basketball try-out back then. A. is hurt B. hurt C. was hurt D. hurts
第二部分 翻译句子
1. 承诺没有被遵守，所以你下次不能晚归。
2. 一个黄色的手环系在她的手腕上。
3. 那位老妇人被一名女警察送回了家。
4. 贝蒂不被允许在沙发上懒洋洋地待一整天。
5. 萨拉的生日礼物被她的父母藏在了卧室里。
答案解析
一、单项选择 1. C 解析：主语the promise是动作承受者，用一般过去时被动，结构为was/were+过去分词 2. D 解析：a yellow band是“被系上”，过去时被动用was attached 3. A 解析：the old woman是“被送回家”，单数主语用was taken 4. D 解析：Betty是“被不允许”，过去时被动否定式为wasn’t allowed 5. C 解析：idea是“被拒绝”，turn down的过去时被动为was turned down 6. B 解析：presents是复数，“被藏”的过去时被动为were hidden 7. D 解析：research是“被完成”，不可数名词用was done 8. A 解析：time是“被花费”，spend的过去时被动为was spent 9. D 解析：attention是“被吸引走”，draw的过去时被动为was drawn 10. C 解析：I是“被伤害”，hurt的过去时被动为was hurt（hurt过去分词同原形） 二、翻译句子
1. The promise wasn’t kept, so you can’t stay out late next time. 2. A yellow band was attached to her wrist. 3. The old woman was taken home by a policewoman. 4. Betty wasn’t allowed to have a lazy whole day on the sofa. 5. Sarah’s birthday presents were hidden in the bedroom by her parents.
Unit2一般过去时的被动语态
Day3 第一部分 单项选择 1. She ________ to be lost when I came up and asked her a question. A. finds B. found C. is found D. was found 2. My warm jacket ________ to the old woman to keep her warm on the street. A. was given B. gave C. is given D. gives 3. We ________ to the nearest police station with the old woman ten minutes later. A. takes B. took C. were taken D. was taken 4. My new phone ________ away by Dad because I used it too much at night. A. is taken B. took C. takes D. was taken 5. I ________ from my friends when my phone was taken away by my parents. A. cuts off B. was cut off C. cut off D. is cut off 6. My dream of joining the school basketball team ________ because I was too short. A. breaks B. was broken C. broke D. is broken 7. I ________ by the heartbreaking words the coach said to me four years ago. A. am disappointed B. disappoints C. disappointed D. was disappointed 8. I ________ to get on the basketball team back then though I practiced hard. A. am not allowed B. don’t allow C. wasn’t allowed D. didn’t allow 9.______ the little-known old town ______ a lot of tourists from all over the country last summer vacation A. Was; visited B. Did; visit C. Is; visited D. Does; visit
10. The “From pain to gain” poster ________ by our class students last month. A. is made B. made C. was made D. makes 第二部分 翻译句子
1. 当我询问她时，发现她迷路了。
2. 我把我的夹克递给她，让她保暖。
3. 我们被带去了最近的警察局。
4. 我的手机被爸爸收走了。
5. 当手机被收走后，我就和朋友们断了联系。
答案解析
一、单项选择 1. D 解析：she是“被发现”迷路，过去时被动用was found 2. A 解析：my jacket是“被送给”，过去时被动用was given 3. C 解析：主语we是复数，“被带去”的过去时被动为were taken 4. D 解析：my phone是“被收走”，过去时被动用was taken 5. B 解析：I是“被切断”联系，cut off的过去时被动为was cut off 6. B 解析：dream是“被打破”，break的过去时被动为was broken 7. D 解析：I是“感到失望”，过去时被动用was disappointed 8. C 解析：I是“被不允许”加入球队，过去时被动否定式为wasn’t allowed 9. A 解析：last summer vacation表过去，用一般过去时；古镇是“被参观”，用被动语态，单数主语配Was。 10. C 解析：the poster是“被制作”，过去时被动用was made
二、翻译句子 1. She was found to be lost when I came up and asked her. 2. My jacket was given to her to keep her warm. 3. We were taken to the nearest police station. 4. My phone was taken away by Dad. 5. I was cut off from my friends when my phone was taken away.
Unit2 一般过去时的被动语态
Day4 第一部分 单项选择
1. ______ the old library building ______ down to build a new one last year A. Was; pulled B. Did; pull C. Is; pulled D. Does; pull 2. All the students’ homework ______ by their teacher carefully before class yesterday morning. A. checks B. was checked C. checked D. is checked 3. The popular English song ______ by many students in our school at the art show last week. A. sings B. sang C. is sung D. was sung 4. ______ these broken desks and chairs ______ to the repair room the day before yesterday A. Were; taken B. Did; take C. Are; taken D. Do; take 5. A new set of sports equipment ______ to our class by the school last term. A. gives B. is given C. was given D. gave 6. The important school meeting ______ because of the heavy snow last Friday, so we had it online. A. cancels B. was canceled C. canceled D. is canceled 7. This ancient story ______ in our school textbook until three years ago. A. wasn’t recorded B. didn’t record C. isn’t recorded D. doesn’t record 8. ______ a new digital blackboard ______ in your classroom at the start of this term A. Did; install B. Was; installed C. Do; install D. Is; installed 9. All the wrong answers in the math paper ______ by our teacher in red pen yesterday afternoon. A. marks B. marked C. were marked D. are marked 10. The lost schoolbag ______ by a cleaner near the playground, so the student got it back last Friday. A. found B. was found C. finds D. is found
第二部分 用单词的适当形式填空 1. The school art show ________ (organize) by our grade teachers successfully last month.
2. All the damaged teaching tools ________ (repair) by the workers the day before yesterday. 3. This kind of old textbook ________ (not use) in our school two years ago. 4. ________ the new English textbooks ________ (send) to every student at the beginning of last term 5. His childhood toys ______ (throw) away when he moved house.
答案解析
一、单项选择 1. A 解析：last year表过去，主语是动作承受者，单数用Was+pulled 2. B 解析：yesterday morning表过去，作业被检查，单数用was checked 3. D 解析：last week表过去，歌曲被唱，单数用was sung 4. A 解析：the day before yesterday表过去，桌椅被搬，复数用Were+taken 5. C 解析：last term表过去，一套器材被赠送，单数用was given 6. B 解析：last Friday表过去，会议被取消，单数用was canceled 7. A 解析：three years ago表过去，故事被记录，否定用wasn’t recorded 8. B 解析：the start of this term表过去，黑板被安装，单数用Was+installed 9. C 解析：yesterday afternoon表过去，答案被标记，复数用were marked 10. B 解析：last Friday表过去，书包被找到，单数用was found
二、用单词的适当形式填空 1. was organized 解析：last month表过去，单数主语，一般过去时被动was+过去分词 2. were repaired 解析：the day before yesterday表过去，复数主语，一般过去时被动were+过去分词 3. wasn’t used 解析：two years ago表过去，单数主语，被动否定wasn’t+过去分词 4. Were; sent 解析：last term表过去，复数主语，一般疑问把Were提前，后接过去分词 5. were thrown，解析：主语his childhood toys是复数，是动作throw（扔掉）的承受者；when he moved house提示过去，用were thrown。
Unit2 一般过去时的被动语态
Day5 第一部分 单项选择
1. The little-known village ______ by thousands of visitors after the video came out online last month. A. visits B. visited C. is visited D. was visited 2. ______ all the personal things ______ away before the classroom was cleaned yesterday A. Were; put B. Did; put C. Are; put D. Do; put 3. A number of old books ______ to the village school by our classmates in the last volunteer activity. A. is given B. was given C. are given D. were given 4. The sports meeting ______ because of the sudden rain, so we had to put it off to next week. A. didn’t hold B. wasn’t held C. doesn’t hold D. isn’t held 5. ______ the new bridge ______ in our hometown at the end of last year A. Did; build B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Is; built 6. The news about the competition ______ to every class by the teacher ten minutes ago. A. was told B. told C. is told D. tells 7. The top prize of the English competition ______ to a student from Class 5 in our grade at the closing ceremony last Friday. A. gave B. was given C. is given D. gives 8. The key to the classroom ______ by a student who found it near the playground last Friday. A. returns B. returned C. is returned D. was returned 9. ______ the problems in the exercise book ______ by our math teacher in class yesterday afternoon A. Were; explained B. Did; explain C. Are; explained D. Do; explain 10. A pair of new sports shoes ______ to my brother as his birthday gift by my parents last week. A. is given B. was given C. are given D. were given
第二部分 用单词的适当形式填空 1. The famous play Teahouse ______ (write) by Lao She in the 1950s. 2. These ancient paintings ______ (show) in the city museum last month. 3. Nothing much ______ (do) to solve the problem at that time. 4. He ______ (encourage) by his teacher to try his best. 5. More than 100 gifts ______ (give) out to the poor kids last weekend.
答案解析
一、单项选择 1. D 解析：考点时间状语辨时态+动作承受者；last month表过去，village是“被参观” 2. A 解析：考点疑问被动+过去时间背景；yesterday表过去，things是“被放” 3. D 解析：考点量词修饰主语单复数；a number of+复数名词作主语，表过去 4. B 解析：考点否定被动+动作承受者；运动会是“被举办”，表过去否定用wasn’t held 5. B 解析：考点疑问被动+时态；at the end of last year表过去，bridge是“被建” 6. A 解析：考点动作承受者判定+单复数；news是不可数名词，表过去“被告诉” 7. B 解析：last Friday表过去，奖品是“被颁发”，单数主语用一般过去时被动was+given。8. D 解析：考点主谓一致+动作承受者；key是单数，表过去“被归还”用was returned 9. A 解析：考点疑问被动+复数主语；yesterday afternoon表过去，problems是复数 10. B 解析：考点量词修饰主语的单复数；a pair of+名词作主语，单复数由pair决定 二、用单词的适当形式填空
1. 答案was written，解析：主语The famous play是单数且为动作承受者，in the 1950s表示过去，故用一般过去时被动was written。 2. 答案were shown，解析：主语These ancient paintings为复数，是“被展出”的对象，last month提示过去，因此用were shown。 3. 答案was done，解析：不定代词nothing作主语视为单数，是“被做”的对象，at that time表示过去，故用was done。 4. 答案was encouraged，解析：主语he是“被鼓励”的对象，句子描述过去发生的事，因此用一般过去时被动was encouraged。 5. 答案were given，解析：主语More than 100 gifts为复数，是“被分发”的对象，last weekend提示过去，故用were given。
Unit2 一般过去时的被动语态
Day6 第一部分 单项选择
1. —Who’s the little boy in the photo —It’s me. The photo ______ ten years ago. A. takes B. took C. is taken D. was taken 2. The nice picture that my daughter drew ________ by our whole family last weekend. A. praised B. was praised C. were praised D. is praised 3. Many old buildings in our city ______ last year and new ones will be built. A. pull down B. pulled down C. are pulled down D. were pulled down 4. All the lovely storybooks in the box ________ to the village children by my sister last Children’s Day. A. sent B. were sent C. was sent D. are sent 5. The story book ______ for me as a birthday gift on my twelfth birthday. A. buys B. bought C. is bought D. was bought 6. The new skirt that my mom bought ________ on the bed by me before I went to sleep yesterday. A. placed B. places C. was placed D. were placed 7. —Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday —I ______ by a heavy rain on the way. A. stop B. stopped C. am stopped D. was stopped 8. The homework that I finished carefully ________ by my teacher before class this morning. A. checked B. checks C. was checked D. were checked
9. All the problems ______ by the teacher in class the afternoon before yesterday. A. explain B. explained C. are explained D. were explained 10. The broken bike in front of our house ________ by my father an hour ago. A. repaired B. repairs C. was repaired D. were repaired
第二部分 用单词的适当形式填空 1. Several useful suggestions ______ (make) at the class meeting yesterday. 2. The lost child ______ (find) in the small village at last. 3. All the money ______ (spend) on books before he came back home. 4. These photos ______ (take) when we visited the Great Wall last year. 5. Such ideas ______ (think) to be impossible in the past.
答案解析
一、单项选择
1. D 一般过去时被动，photo与take为被动关系，ten years ago是过去时间标志 2. B 主语是 the nice picture（单数），画是“被表扬”，要用被动语态；last weekend 是过去时间，用一般过去时被动，结构 was/were + 过去分词，所以选 was praised。 3. D 一般过去时被动，buildings与pull down为被动关系，last year（卷内1个last） 4. B 主语 storybooks 是复数，书是“被送给”孩子，用被动；last Children’s Day 是过去时间，复数对应 were sent。
5. D 一般过去时被动，book与buy为被动关系，on my twelfth birthday过去时间标志 6. C 主语 the new skirt 是单数，裙子是“被放”在床上，不是自己放的，用被动；yesterday 表示过去，所以用 was placed。 7. D 一般过去时被动，I与stop为被动关系，yesterday是过去时间标志 8. C 主语 the homework 是不可数名词，视作单数，作业是“被检查”，用被动；this morning 表示过去，用 was checked。
9. D 一般过去时被动，problems与explain为被动关系，the afternoon before yesterday是过去时间标志 10. C 主语 the broken bike 是单数，自行车是“被修理”，用被动；an hour ago 是过去时间，用 was repaired。
二、用单词的适当形式填空 1. 答案were made，解析：主语suggestions为复数，是“被提出”的对象，yesterday表示过去，故用一般过去时被动were made。 2. 答案was found，解析：主语the lost child为单数，是“被找到”的对象，动作发生在过去，因此用was found。 3. 答案was spent，解析：主语money为不可数名词，视作单数，是“被花费”的对象，before从句提示过去，故用was spent。 4. 答案were taken，解析：主语these photos为复数，是“被拍摄”的对象，last year表示过去，因此用were taken。 5. 答案were thought，解析：主语ideas为复数，是“被认为”的对象，in the past表示过去，故用一般过去时被动were thought。
Unit2 一般过去时的被动语态
Day7 第一部分 单项选择 1. These gifts ______ to the poor children last Children’s Day. A. gave B. were given C. give D. are given 2. My bike ______ by somebody on my way home yesterday. A. stole B. stolen C. was stolen D. steals 3. The light ______ off by him before he left the room. A. turned B. was turned C. turns D. is turned 4. Trees and flowers ______ in our school every spring, but last year they ______ in late April. A. plant; planted B. are planted; were planted C. planted; are planted D. were planted; are planted 5. The song ______ by most students at the art festival last week. A. sings B. sang C. is sung D. was sung 6. A talk on how to learn English well ______ in our school last Friday. A. gave B. was given C. gives D. is given 7. The dirty clothes ______ by my mother this morning. A. washed B. were washed C. wash D. are washed 8. The beautiful cards ______ by the students before the class began. A. made B. were made C. make D. are made 9. All the letters ______ before the post office closed yesterday. A. sent B. were sent C. send D. are sent 10. Some fun games ______ by us at the picnic last weekend. A. organized B. were organized C. organize D. are organized
第二部分 用单词的适当形式填空 1. The sports meeting ______ (hold) successfully in our school last term. 2. She ______ (ask) to finish the report before leaving school. 3. These old coins ______ (collect) by my grandfather many years ago. 4. A big fire ______ (stop) from spreading by the firemen. 5. All the mistakes ______ (correct) by the teacher before class.
答案解析 一、单项选择 1. 答案B，解析：主语gifts是动作承受者，last Children’s Day表示过去，用一般过去时被动were given。A、C、D为主动或时态错误。 2. 答案C，解析：主语bike是动作承受者，yesterday提示过去，用was stolen。A、B、D语态或形式错误。 3. 答案B，解析：主语light是动作承受者，before he left为过去时间，用was turned。A为主动，C、D时态不符。 4. 答案B，解析：第一空every spring用一般现在时被动are planted；第二空last year用一般过去时被动were planted。 5. 答案D，解析：主语song是动作承受者，last week表过去，用was sung。A、B为主动，C时态错误。 6. 答案B，解析：主语talk是动作承受者，last Friday表过去，用was given。A、C为主动，D时态不符。 7. 答案B，解析：主语clothes为复数，this morning提示过去，用were washed。A为主动，C、D时态错误。 8. 答案B，解析：主语cards是动作承受者，before the class began提示过去，用were made。A、C为主动，D时态不符。 9. 答案B，解析：主语letters是动作承受者，yesterday提示过去，用were sent。A、C为主动，D时态不符。 10. 答案B，解析：主语games是动作承受者，last weekend表过去，用were organized。A、C为主动，D时态不符。
二、用单词的适当形式填空 1. 答案was held，解析：主语the sports meeting为单数且是动作承受者，last term表过去，用一般过去时被动was held。 2. 答案was asked，解析：主语she是“被要求”的对象，动作发生在过去，故用一般过去时被动was asked。 3. 答案were collected，解析：主语these old coins为复数，是动作承受者，many years ago表过去，用were collected。 4. 答案was stopped，解析：主语a big fire为单数，是动作承受者，事件发生在过去，用was stopped。 5. 答案were corrected，解析：主语all the mistakes为复数，是动作承受者，before class表过去，用were corrected。Unit 2 Growing pains and gains
一般过去时的被动语态
一、定义
侧重强调过去某个时间里，动作的承受者所经历的动作，主语是动作的对象，动作已在过去完成。
主动语态：主语（执行者）+ 过去式动词 → We held a sports meeting last month.
被动语态：主语（承受者）+ 一般过去时被动结构 → A sports meeting was held by us last month.
二、一般过去时被动语态
1. 基本结构
主语 + was / were + 动词过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
主语为单数名词/不可数名词/he/she/it → was
主语为复数名词/you/we/they → were
2. 句式结构（肯定/否定/疑问）
句式类型 结构 例句
肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) This bridge was built in 2010.
否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) These letters were not sent yesterday.
一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) Was the classroom cleaned this morning
特殊疑问句 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ by + 执行者) Who was the novel written by
三、常见考点
时态判定：句中出现yesterday、last...、in + 过去年份、ago等过去时间标志词，优先用一般过去时被动。例句：The Great Wall was built over 2,000 years ago.
（句中出现了过去时间标志词 over 2,000 years ago，所以用一般过去时被动。）
was/were与主语匹配：单数主语配was，复数主语配were，易错点：不可数名词作主语用was。例句：The book was on the desk, and the pens were in the drawer.（单数主语 the book 用 was，复数主语 the pens 用 were。）
不规则过去分词辨析：中考常考write→written、break→broken等，需精准记忆，避免和过去式混淆。例句：The window was broken by the strong wind last night.（这里用的是过去分词 broken，不要和过去式 broke 混淆。）
by + 执行者的省略：当执行者不明确（如被某人、人们）或无需强调时，直接省略，如The window was broken last night.
主动变被动（过去时）：原句宾语变主语，谓语变was/were+过去分词，原主语用by连接（可省），如He bought a pen.→A pen was bought by him.
从句时态一致：主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去相关的时态，如She said the work was finished.
否定/疑问句式易错点：否定直接在was/were后加not；一般疑问句把was/were提至句首，无需加助动词did。
否定句：The homework was not finished last night.（直接在 was 后加 not）一般疑问句：Were the problems solved by the students （把 were 提到句首，无需 did）

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