资源简介

(共60张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Developing ideas
Unit 1 Face values
难词注解
①capture vt.俘获；捕获。下文中的capture his heart意为“使他倾心”。
②mercy n．仁慈；宽恕
out of mercy出于怜悯
③sentence vt.判决；判刑
be sentenced to death被判死刑
④commit a crime犯罪
⑤in silence沉默地；静静地
难词注解
break the silence打破沉默
⑥grace n．优美；优雅
graceful adj.优美的，优雅的
⑦fresh熟词生义：adj.新的；不同的
⑧defect n．缺点，缺陷，毛病
[同义] shortcoming n．[usually pl.]缺点；短处
⑨travel熟词生义：vi.(目光)扫视；移动
His gaze travelled over her face.他的目光在她脸上移动。
难词注解
⑩knock knees n. [pl.]膝外翻；X形腿
comprehension n. 理解(力)
beyond one's comprehension令某人费解
adjust to适应；习惯(to为介词)
heartfelt adj.衷心的；诚挚的
a heartfelt apology真诚的道歉
heartfelt sympathy/thanks由衷的同情/感谢
难词注解
[构词法] heartfelt为“名词＋过去分词”型复合形容词。类似的词还有：heartbroken(心碎的)，handmade(手工制作的)
next to熟词生义：prep.与……相比
[同义]in comparison with 与……相比较
accent n．口音；腔调；重音
at the present moment 此刻；目前；眼下
heartbreaking adj. 令人悲伤的
难词注解
intently adv.专心地；一心一意地
intent adj.热切的；专注的
attempt to do sth.试图做某事
repay vt.报答
repay sb. with sth.用某物报答某人
repay sb. for sth.报答某人某事
tenderness n．柔情
tender adj.温柔的；亲切的
难词注解
tend v．趋向；易于
tend to do sth.易于做某事
People tend to get fat when they grow older.人们年纪大时往往容易发胖。
tenderly adv.温柔地
a point of honour事关名誉的大事
keep/hold...at bay不让……接近；阻止……产生影响
Charlotte bit her lip to hold the tears at bay.夏洛特咬住嘴唇不让眼泪流出来。
教材原文
The Hunchback of Notre-Dame
Published in 1831，The Hunchback of Notre-Dame tells a tragic story of events in Paris.Esmeralda's beauty means that many men fall in love with her.One such man sends the hunchback Quasimodo to kidnap Esmeralda.But Quasimodo fails and is captured①and tortured in public.Esmeralda hears his call for water，and steps forwards out of mercy②.She offers Quasimodo a drink of water，which saves him and also captures his hear①t. When Esmeralda is later sentenced to death③for a crime she did not commit④，
教材原文
Quasimodo rescues her from an angry crowd outside the Notre-Dame Cathedral.Esmeralda is safe from execution as long as she stays inside the cathedral 1...
1 此处为as long as引导的条件状语从句。此处as long as意为“只要”。
Esmeralda and Quasimodo were still for several moments，as they considered their predicament in silence⑤，she so graceful⑥，he so repulsive. Every moment Esmeralda discovered some fresh⑦defect⑧in Quasimodo，as her glance travelled⑨ from his knock knees⑩to his hunched back，from his
教材原文
hunched back to his single eye.How anyone could be formed in such a way 2 was beyond her comprehension .Yet there was so much melancholy and so much gentleness spread over all this that she gradually adjusted to it. 3
2 此处为how引导的主语从句。
3 本句属于There be句型，其中包含了“so...that...”句型。
He was the first to break the silence.“So you were telling me to return？”
She moved her head，and said，“Yes.”
教材原文
He understood the motion of the head.“But！”he said，as though hesitating whether to finish 4，“I am—I am deaf.”
4 此处为省略句，在句中作方式状语，相当于as though he was hesitating whether to finish。
“Poor wretch！” exclaimed Esmeralda，with an expression of heartfelt compassion.
He began to smile sadly.
教材原文
“You suppose that was all that I was missing 5，do you not Yes，I am deaf，that is the way I am made.It is horrible, is it not，next to your exquisite beauty！”
5 that was...missing为省略了引导词that的宾语从句；其中，“that was all”是宾语从句的主句部分。第一个that是代词，指代前文提到的某个情况，在宾语从句中作主语；that I was missing为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词all，先行词为不定代词，故关系代词不能用which。
教材原文
There lay in the accents of the unfortunate man so significant an awareness of his sadness that she had not the strength to utter a syllable 6 .In any case，he would not have heard her.He continued：
6 本句为复合句，属于“There＋不及物动词＋主语”句型，其中lay表示“存在”。
“so significant...syllable”为“so...that...”结构，that引导结果状语从句。
“Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment 7.When I compare myself to you，I feel an immense pity for myself，poor unfortunate
教材原文
monster that I am！Be honest，to you I must resemble some savage creature.You，you are a ray of sunshine，a drop of dew，a birdsong，whilst I am something terrible，neither human nor beast.I don't know what I am，as I am coarser，more downtrodden，and plainer than a pebble！”
7 否定副词never位于句首，句子用倒装。as在此处作介词，意为“像”。
Then he began to laugh，and that laugh was the most heartbreaking sound in the world.He continued：
教材原文
“Yes，I am deaf，but you shall talk to me with your hands as my master talks to me 8, and then I shall quickly know your wishes from the movement of your lips，from your expression.”
8 此处为as引导的方式状语从句。as表示“按……的方式”。
“Well！” she smiled，“Explain to me why you rescued me.”
He watched her intently while she was speaking.
“I understand，” he replied.“You ask me why I rescued you. You have forgotten an unfortunate person who attempted to kidnap you one night，this
教材原文
same person to whom you showed kindness when he was being punished 9.A drop of water and a little pity—that is more than I can repay with my life.You have forgotten that unfortunate soul，but he remembers it.”
9 本句是主从复合句。who attempted...one night为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词person。
to whom...being punished为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词this same person(此处关系代词位于介词之后，故用whom而不用who)。
第二个定语从句中还包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
教材原文
She listened to him with profound tenderness .A tear swam in the eye of Quasimodo，but did not fall.He seemed to make it a point of honour to keep it at bay .
(Adaptation from The Hunchback of Notre-Dame by Victor Hugo)
课文翻译
巴黎圣母院
《巴黎圣母院》出版于1831年，讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨事件。埃斯梅拉达的美貌让许多男人爱上了她。有这样一个男人派驼背的卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了，被抓了起来并当众遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他要水喝，出于仁慈，她走向前，给了卡西莫多一杯水，这不仅救了他，还俘获了他的心。后来，当埃斯梅拉达因为莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多把她从圣母院大教堂外愤怒的人群中解救出来。埃斯梅拉达只要待在教堂里就能免于被处决……
课文翻译
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多静止了片刻，默默地考虑他们的困境。她那么优雅，他那么令人厌恶。她从他内扣的膝盖瞥到他的驼背，从他的驼背又瞥到他的独眼，每一刻埃斯梅拉达都能在卡西莫多身上发现新的缺陷。她无法理解，怎么会有人长成这样。但其全身上下散发着如此忧郁又如此温柔的气息，她渐渐地适应了。
他首先打破了沉默。“所以你要告诉我回来？”
她动了动头说：“是的。”
课文翻译
他看懂了(她的)头的动作，“但是！”他说，好像在犹豫是否要说完，“我是，我是聋的。”
“可怜的家伙！”埃斯梅拉达喊道，流露出由衷的同情。
他开始苦笑。
“你以为那就是我缺失的全部，对吗？是的，我是聋的，我就是这样被创造的。它是可怕的，是不是，在你的国色天香面前！”
这个不幸的男人口中透露出如此强烈的悲伤意识，她连一个音节也没有力气说出来。无论如何，他都听不到她的话。他接着说：
课文翻译
“我从来没有像现在这样看待过自己的丑陋。当我把自己和你进行比较的时候，我对自己深表遗憾，我是一个可怜的不幸的怪物！老实说，对你来说，我一定像个野人。你，你是一缕阳光，一滴露珠，一声鸟鸣，而我是可怕的东西，不人不鬼。我不知道我是什么，因为我比卵石还要粗糙，还要遭人践踏，还要普通！”
然后他开始大笑，那笑声是世界上最令人心碎的声音。他接着说：
“是的，我是聋的，但是你可以像我的主人那样对我说话，借助你的双手，然后我会从你嘴唇的动作、你的表情中快速知道你的想法。”
课文翻译
“好吧！”她笑了，“向我解释你为什么救我。”
她说话时，他目不转睛地看着她。
“我明白，”他回答。“你问我为什么救你。你已经忘记了一个不幸的人，他在一个夜里企图绑架你，在这个人被惩罚的时候，你对他施以善意，一滴水和一点点同情——这是我用生命都无法报答的。你已经忘记了那个不幸的灵魂，但他记得。”
她深情地听他说着。一滴眼泪在卡西莫多的眼睛里转动，但没有掉下来。他似乎把抑制住它当作一种荣誉。
(改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． v. 绑架；劫持
2． v．拷打，拷问；虐待
3． n. 尴尬的处境
4． adj.令人厌恶的
5． adj. 弓身的，弓背的
6． n. 忧郁，无名的伤感
7． n. 可怜的人
kidnap
torture
predicament
repulsive
hunched
melancholy
wretch
8． adj. 精美的，精致的
9． adj. 野蛮的
10． n. 露水
11． adj. 粗的；粗糙的；粗鲁的
12． adj. 被践踏的，受压迫的，遭蹂躏的
13． n. 卵石，小圆石，砾石
14． adv. 专心地；一心一意地
15． adj. 衷心的，诚挚的
16． n. 口音
exquisite
savage
dew
coarse
downtrodden
pebble
intently
heartfelt
accent
17． n. (尤指吃力地)发出(声音)
18． n. 音节
19．immense adj. 巨大的 → adv. 极大地；无限地→
n. 无限；巨大
20．profound adj. (感情)强烈的，深刻的→ adv. 深深地；深刻地→ n. 深处；深度
21．defect n. 缺点，缺陷，毛病→ adj.有缺陷的
22．resemble v. 与……相似；像→ n．相像；相似
23．novelist n．小说家→ n. 小说
utter
syllable
immensely
immensity
profoundly
profoundness
defective
resemblance
novel
24．execution n．处决；执行；实施→ vt. 执行；实行；处决；完成
25．exclaim v．惊叫；呼喊→ n．惊呼；惊叹词
26．compassion n．同情；怜悯→ adj.有同情心的
27．expression n．表情；表达；神色→ v．表达；表露 →
expressive adj. 表达的；意味深长的；富于表情的
28．tenderness n. 柔情；娇嫩；柔软→ adj. 温柔的；脆弱的；敏感的；嫩的
29．motive n. 动机；目的；原因→ vt. 激发(兴趣或欲望)；促进 → n．动力；积极性
execute
exclamation
compassionate
express
tender
motivate
motivation
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．capture sb.'s 赢得某人的心；使某人倾心
2．be sentenced death 被判死刑
3．commit crime 犯罪
4．be safe 不会受到……伤害的
5．as long 只要
6．compare 与……相比
7．next 和……相比；在……旁；几乎；仅次于
8．keep... bay不让……接近；防止……侵袭
heart
to
a
from
as
to
to
at
9．regardless 不管；不顾
10．out mercy 出于怜悯
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．as though 引导的方式状语从句
“But！” he said, as though whether to finish...
“但是！”他说，好像在犹豫要不要结束……
2．never在句首构成的部分倒装
Never as at the present moment.
我从来没有像现在这样看待自己的丑陋。
of
of
hesitating
have I viewed my ugliness
Ⅳ.课文预读
1．What made Esmeralda feel puzzled
A．Quasimodo's lines.
B．Quasimodo's wisdom.
C．Quasimodo's courage.
D．Quasimodo's kindness.
2．How did Quasimodo sound while he was saying
A．Sorry.　　　　　　B．Sad.
C．Happy. D．Content.
3．How did Quasimodo describe himself and Esmeralda in the ninth paragraph
A．By giving examples.
B．By providing data.
C．By telling a story.
D．By making comparisons.
答案　1.A　2.B　3.D
找关键词
和中心句 1.在阅读理解解题中，正确选项可能是原文中的个别词的同义替换；每一个问题在原文中都要有根据，然后精读，找出关键词
2.抓文章的中心句和各段落的大意
词汇精讲
1．mercy n．仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
Mercy to the enemies means cruelty to the people.
对敌人的仁慈就意味着对人民的残忍。
(1) out of mercy 出于怜悯
have mercy on...宽恕/怜悯
show mercy to...宽恕/怜悯
at the mercy of任……处置；任由……摆布/支配
without mercy 毫不留情
(2)merciful adj.仁慈的， 慈悲的
merciless adj.无情的，残忍的
The judge showed no mercy to the drunk driver.
＝The judge had no mercy on the drunk driver.
法官对那个醉驾的司机毫不宽恕。
The boat was at the mercy of the rapid river.
那条船任由湍急的河流摆布。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Be (mercy) to those who show mercy.
②Forgiveness flows out mercy.
③His refusal was a (mercy) blow to us.
完成句子
④这个行业在很大程度上受市场的支配。
The profession is very much the market place.
⑤他们出于仁慈帮助了他。
They helped him .
merciful
of
merciless
at the mercy of
out of mercy
2．graceful adj.优雅的；得体的
His apology was so graceful that we forgave him.
他的道歉是如此得体，我们只好原谅了他。
(1) be/keep graceful in... 在……(方面)保持风度；优美
be graceful to do sth. 优雅地做某事
(2)gracefully adv.优美地；斯文地
(3)grace n．[U]优美；优雅；恩惠
[C]pl.风度；体面
with a/the grace of具有……的优雅
He dived gracefully into the water.
他动作优美地跳入水中。
She performed on the balance beam with much grace.
她在平衡木上表演得非常优美。
[考点精练]　用grace的适当形式填空
①We admired the poise of the dancer.
②She danced with a that surprised us.
③She stepped onto the stage.
graceful
grace
gracefully
完成句子
④他父亲总是教导他输了也要有风度。
His father had always taught him to defeat.
be graceful in
3．expression n．[C, U]表情；神色
There was a worried expression on her face.
她脸上流露出担忧的神色。
(1)facial expressions面部表情
without expression面无表情地
wear a(n)...expression 脸上带着……的表情
beyond expression难以表达；无法形容
(2)express v．表达；表露
(3)expressive adj.富有表情的；有表现力的
With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions.
通过我们的研究，我们认为，我们现在可以自信地得出结论，至少有些狗可以辨别人类的面部表情。
The poet's anger finds expression in the last line of the poem.
诗人在诗的最后一行把愤怒宣泄了出来。
The scenery is so beautiful that it's beyond expression.
那景色美到无法形容。
[考点精练]　用express的适当形式填空
①The on his face told us that he was quite disappointed.
expression
②—Oh, you sounded just like a native.
—Well, not quite.I still have trouble myself.
③He and Mr Smith come from the other side of the earth, so our joy tonight is beyond ．
完成句子
④我借此机会再一次向大家表示衷心的感谢。
I wish to take this opportunity to you again.
⑤他对我们给予他的支持表示感谢。
He for the support we had given him.
expressing
expression
to express my heartfelt gratitude
expressed his thanks
4．heartbreaking adj.令人悲伤的
That's the fact, a heartbreaking fact, but it's still a fact.
这就是事实，一个令人心碎的事实，但它仍然是一个事实。
(1)heartbreak n．心碎；极度伤心
(2)heartbreakingly adv.心碎地
They suffered the heartbreak of losing a child through disease.
因恶疾失去了一个孩子令他们肝肠寸断。
Spend time with friends, and share your grief and heartbreak.
多花时间与朋友相处，(和他们)分享你的悲伤和心碎的情感。
[考点精练]　用heartbreak的适当形式填空
①It's to see him wasting his life like this.
②For the parents of missing children, the and the frustration have turned into anger.
完成句子
③这是个既甜蜜又令人心碎的时刻。
It's a moment that is both ．
④有一则关于国外饥饿儿童的令人心碎的新闻报道。
There is about foreign starving children.
heartbreaking
heartbreak
sweet and heartbreaking
a heartbreaking news report
5．in any case无论如何；不管怎样
In any case，you must arrive there on time.
无论如何，你必须按时到达那里。
有关case的一些短语
in no case决不(置于句首时，常用倒装句式)
in case (that) 假使；以防万一
in case of假如发生；万一发生
in that case假使那样的话；既然那样
as is often the case这是常有的事
As is often the case, solving one problem can cause or uncover another.
事实往往是这样，解决一个问题可能会导致或揭露另一个问题。
Take a hat with you in case (that) you would get a sunburn.
带顶帽子吧，以防太阳晒伤。
Well, in that case, I would prefer to stay on the bus.
哦，那样的话，我更愿意留在公共汽车上。
It would be safer to take more money with you in case of emergency.
你多带点钱保险些，以防急用。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①You'd better take an umbrella just in case rain.
② case you should need any help, here's my number.
完成句子
③你在这附近等着，以防万一他来了。我继续往前走。
You hang around here he comes, and I'll go on ahead.
④现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样，我们明天都要离开。
There is no point complaining now—we are leaving tomorrow ．
of
In
in case
in any case
6．take on呈现；雇用；承担
In the past ten years, great changes have taken place in my lovely hometown, making it take on a new look.
在过去的十年里，我可爱的家乡发生了很大的变化，呈现出崭新的面貌。
有关take的一些短语
take up拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据(空间)；占用(时间)
take away解除；消除(痛苦等)；带走；拿走
take down拿下；拆除；记下
take in理解；欺骗；接纳
take off脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎
take back收回(说过的话)；退回
These books are for reading in the reading room, and may not be taken away.
这些书只能在阅览室内阅读，不能拿出去。
Taking off his coat, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
他脱掉大衣，跳进河里去救那溺水的孩子。
Take back what you said, or you will regret.
收回你说的话，否则你会后悔的。
[考点精练]　用take的相关短语填空
①Could I a few minutes of yours to talk about how to do with the books
②If you trust him, you will certainly be ．
③We've been trying to get back to you, Tom, but we think we your number incorrectly.
④The plane , heading into the wind.
take up
taken in
took
down
took off
完成句子
⑤(医生)给我开了一些止痛药片。
I was given some pills to the pain.
⑥变色龙可以变成周围环境的颜色。
The chameleon can the colours of its background.
take away
take on
句型精析
1．“But！” he said, as though hesitating whether to finish...
“但是！”他说，好像在犹豫要不要结束……
本句中的as though (he was) hesitating whether to finish是一个as though引导的方式状语从句的省略句。
(1)如果要省略从句中的主语和be动词，需同时具备下列两个条件：
①从句的主语和主句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；
②从句谓语中包含be的某种形式。
(2)状语从句的“简化”现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中：
①由if、 unless等引导的条件状语从句；
②由although、 though、 even if/though(尽管)等引导的让步状语从句；
③由when、 while、 as、 before、 after、 until/till等引导的时间状语从句；
④由as、as if/though(好像)等引导的方式状语从句；
⑤由as、than等引导的比较状语从句。
He is a humorous man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull.
他是个有幽默感的人，尽管有时他相当乏味。
He hesitated before leaving, almost as though (he was) hoping for conversation.
他离开前有些犹豫，几乎像是他一直期望能够交谈点什么。
[考点精练]　用省略句完成句子
①趁年轻要努力学习，要不然你会后悔的。
Work hard or you'll regret.
②他到处看，似乎在找什么东西。
He looked everywhere ．
when young
as if/though in search of something
③这次展览比预料的有趣得多。
The exhibition is much more interesting ．
④如果没有必要，你最好不要查字典。
, you'd better not refer to the dictionary.
⑤听起来好像汽车发动机有问题。如果是这样，我们最好马上送到汽车修理厂去。
It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. , we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
than expected
Unless necessary
If so
2．Never have I viewed my ugliness as at the present moment.
我从来没有像现在这样看待自己的丑陋。
(1)本句由否定词never开头，构成部分倒装。
(2)never、 hardly、 seldom、 little、 not until、 not、 not only、 no sooner、 no longer、 nowhere、 by no means、 in no case等含有否定意义的副词或短语若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装。
(3)某些起副词作用的介词短语，如果并不表示否定意义，那么即使含有否定词、位于句首，其后也无需用倒装语序。
Never have I looked down upon others, because I know “All men are created equal.”
我从来没有看不起任何人，因为我知道“人人生而平等。”
Seldom does he travel in his free hours.
他空余时间很少去旅行。
By no means should he be left alone.
绝不能把他单独留下。
Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way.
你若总是那样消磨时间，就永远不会有所成就。
[考点精练]　用部分倒装完成句子
①他通常非常忙，几乎没时间听音乐。
He is usually very busy and listen to music.
②直到收到她的信之后他才充分理解她的感情有多深。
did he fully understand the depth of her feelings.
hardly does he have time to
Not until he received her letter
句型转换
③He didn't realize the importance of English until he began to work.
→Not until he began to work the importance of English.
④Jim had hardly entered the house when it began to rain.
→ Jim entered the house when it began to rain.
did he realize
Hardly had
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据中文或首字母提示写单词。
1．Mo Yan is a very well-known in China.
2．The (优雅的) lady calls up my memory of my late (已故的) grandmother.
3．Two tourists were (绑架)by terrorists yesterday.
4．I suddenly found myself in an awkward (困境).
novelist
graceful
kidnapped
predicament
5．I cannot wait to get away from here and that is a (令人悲伤的) thing to say.
6．The man spoke with a southern ．
7．Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of our school, I'd like to express a sincere welcome and (衷心的) gratitude.
8．He could not help having (怜悯) for the poor creature.
9．His (粗鲁的) manners shocked everyone.
10．How can I ever you for your generosity
heartbreaking
accent
heartfelt
compassion/sympathy
coarse
repay
Ⅱ.选词填空
adjust to; in pursuit of; as long as；have mercy on; compare to
1．Some people his work that of James Joyce.
2．Independent women are energetic, ambitious, and most of all, persistent
their goals.
3．Mike's mother did almost everything for him when he was in senior high school, making it difficult for him to the first-year college life.
4．The man pretended to be a beggar and had no money for food, but passers-by saw through it and no one him.
5．He said he would still support them, they didn't break the rules.
compared
to
in pursuit of
adjust to
had mercy on
as long as

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