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(共16张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using language
Unit 3 War and peace
主谓一致(1)
观察下面句子，体会黑体词的用法。
①Your enemy (敌军) is well trained，well equipped and battle-hardened...
②The enemy (敌人) were hiding，ready to attack the Allied soldiers...
③The cattle (牛) are grazing in the field.
④The species (这些物种) of fish are numerous.
⑤This species (这个物种) of fish is very curious.
⑥The goods are to be exported to Canada.
⑦Fifty years is not a long time.
⑧The old are well looked after by the government.
[自主归纳]
1．由句①、②可知，当集体名词作主语时，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用 形式；如果强调具体的每一个个体成员，谓语动词用
形式。
2．由句③可知，一些有生命的集体名词虽然以单数形式出现，却表示复数的含义，作主语时，谓语动词只用 形式，如cattle，people，police等。
单数
复数
复数
3．由句④、⑤可知，当单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据 来确定。
4．由句⑥可知，有些只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用
形式。
5．由句⑦可知，表示时间、距离等的复数名词作主语时，虽然是复数的形式，谓语动词常用 形式，主语通常被当作一个整体看待。
6．由句⑧可知，“the＋形容词”表示一类人时，谓语动词常用
形式。
句意/语境
复数
单数
复数
谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况：
1．集体名词作主语，如果指整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果指具体每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有army、audience、class、crowd、crew、family、group、government、population、staff、team、public等。
The population of the earth is increasing very slow.
地球上的人口增长很慢了。
One third of the population here are workers.
这里的人中有三分之一是工人。
The team is well organized.
这个队组织良好。
The team are all good players.
这个队的队员都是好样的。
2．有些有生命的集体名词如people、cattle、police、mankind、folk等作主语时，虽然是单数形式，却表示复数的概念，谓语动词只用复数形式。
The police have not made any arrest.
警方没有进行搜捕。
The mankind long for peace.
人类希望和平。
[名师点津]
当people表示“民族”之意时，也有单复数形式；但表示“人，人们”的意思时为复数意义，不可加s。
3．单复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语形式要根据句意来确定。常见的这类名词有deer、fish、sheep、species、 series、means、aircraft、crossroads、headquarters等。
Every means has been tried.
每种方法都试过了。
The means of communication between here and outside are interrupted.
这里同外界的通信工具都中断了。
4．一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有clothes、trousers、shorts、goods、scissors、compasses、jeans、stockings、gloves、surroundings、thanks等。
His clothes are hanging on the back of the chair.
他的衣服挂在椅子背后。
The house itself is beautiful，but the surroundings are rather unpleasant.
房子本身挺漂亮，只是环境欠佳。
[名师点津]
若表示成双成对的事物的名词前面有数量词pair时，要根据pair的单复数形式来确定谓语动词用单数还是复数形式。
The scissors are on the ground.
剪刀在地上。
This pair of scissors belongs to the tailor.
这把剪刀是属于裁缝的。
5．表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作主语，当作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.
4 000美元超出了她的支付能力。
Three days is too short a time for me to do it.
三天要我做成这件事时间太短了。
[名师点津]
在某些特定情况下，若强调这类词组的复数意义时，谓语动词也可用复数形式。
Two hundred tons of water were used last month.
上个月用了200吨水。(强调用水量多)
6．用作书名、剧作名、报刊名、国家名、组织机构等以“-s”结尾的专有名词作主语时，一般作单数用，谓语动词用单数形式；但如果是山脉、群岛、瀑布等专有名词作主语，往往作复数用，谓语动词用复数形式。
The New York Times still has a wide circulation.
《纽约时报》的发行量仍然很大。
The United Nations is an international organization.
联合国是一个世界性的组织。
The Great Lakes lie between the US and Canada.
五大湖位于美国和加拿大之间。
The Olympic Games begin in two weeks time.
奥运会两周后开始。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The Arabian Nights (be) a very interesting storybook.
2．The young couple (quarrel)with each other now.
3．This class (consist) of twenty students.
4．The police (find) out the truth of the matter up to now.
5．Much of her jewellery (be)missing，which made her upset.
6．The Niagara Falls (be) the falls on the Niagara River.
7．That pair of gloves on the bed (steal) last night.
is
are quarreling
consists
have found
was
are
was stolen
8．A happy five days (pass) like a dream already.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．年轻人更有可能沉迷于跳舞和唱歌的快乐。
The young the joy of dancing and singing.
2．那六个月对她来说是一场噩梦。
The six months to her.
has passed
are more likely to abandon themselves to
was a terrible dream
3．我们的货已备好，周三你可安排人来提货。
Our goods ，and you can arrange for people to pick them up on Wednesday.
4．在场三分之二的人反对这项计划。
Two-thirds of the people present ．
5．地球表面四分之三是海洋。
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ．
6．放眼望去，你会发现牛儿正在那边的山坡上吃草。
Look ahead and you will find the cattle on the hillside over there.
have been prepared
are against the plan
is sea
are eating grass

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