资源简介

(共19张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using language
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
主谓一致(2)
在第三单元我们主要学习了集体名词作主语时的主谓一致问题。本单元我们重点学习主谓一致的三条指导原则。
一、“语法一致”原则
“语法一致”原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上必须一致，即谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定。
这一原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1．不可数名词或可数名词的单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；可数名词的复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Every part is carefully checked before they are put together.
组装之前，每一个部件都要仔细检查。
An important part of the corn is used to feed chickens，pigs and cattle in that country.
在那个国家，大部分的玉米是被用来喂鸡、猪和牛的。
These toys are designed for children under three years old.
这些玩具是为三岁以下的儿童设计的。
2．复合不定代词anyone、anything、someone、somebody、something、everyone、everybody、everything、nobody、nothing及不定代词either、each等在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.
每个人都为运动会做好了准备。
Everything is in a complete mess，which drives people crazy.
所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
3．单个的动词不定式、v. -ing(短语)形式或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.
听音乐使我在忙碌了一天之后得到放松。
When they could finish the task is not known yet.
他们何时能完成这项任务还未知。
4．由as well as、along with、together with、with、rather than、no less than、but、except、besides、in addition to、like、including等连接两部分名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与介词(短语)前面的名词或代词保持一致。
The teacher as well as the students likes the painting.
那位老师和学生们都喜欢这幅画。
Tom，along with/together with his friends，goes skating every Saturday.
汤姆和他的朋友们每个星期六都去滑冰。
5．“many a(n)(许多)/more than one(不止一个)＋可数名词单数”结构作主语时，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。
Many a parent has had to go through this painful process.
很多父母都不得不经历这一段痛苦的过程。
More than one person is against the proposal.
不止一个人反对这个提议。
6．“one of＋可数名词复数”结构后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式；而“the (only) one of＋可数名词复数”结构后跟定语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用单数形式。
He is one of the students who have been to Shanghai.
他是那些去过上海的学生中的其中一个。
He is the only one of the students who has been to Shanghai.
他是那些学生中唯一的一个去过上海。
7．在强调句“It＋is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...”结构中，如被强调部分是主语，that/who后的谓语与被强调部分的人称、数保持一致。
It is they who have worked there for five years.
就是他们，在那里工作了五年。
二、“意义一致”原则
这一原则是指从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题。主语所表达的单复数概念并不总是根据主语的形式，有时要根据它所表达的意义来确定。
“意义一致”原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1．and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。但如果and所连接的两个单数名词指的是同一个人、同一件事或表示整体概念，则谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词前不加冠词。
The owner and the editor-in-chief of the newspaper are to attend the conference.
这家报纸的老板和主编都将参加这次会议。
The knife and fork is on the desk.
这套刀叉在桌子上。
The teacher and writer is going to give us a talk.
那位老师兼作家将要给我们作一次演讲。
2．all、none、some、any等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词的数根据其指代的内容而定。
All are here and all is ready.
所有的人都已到，一切就绪。
All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.
所有研究过这个问题的人都得出同样的结论。
None have arrived yet.
还无人到来。
None is more qualified for the task than him.
没有人比他更合适执行这项任务了。
3．“all/most/half/the rest of＋名词/代词”结构或“分数/百分数＋名词/代词”结构作主语时，若名词或代词表示单数概念或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数形式。
The rest of the buildings were easy to get to and the rest of his time was spent in enjoying the beautiful scenes.
剩下的建筑物并不难到达，他剩下的时间都用在欣赏美景上了。
He got back home，finding that some of the sugar was spilled on the floor.
他回到家，发现一些糖散落在地上。
4．表示时间、距离、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时，常被当作一个整体来看待，谓语动词常用单数形式，但为了强调数量之多，也可用复数形式。
Twenty kilometers is quite a long distance.
20千米是相当长的一段路程。
Fifty dollars was a large sum for me at that time.
那时，50美元对我来说是一大笔钱。
5．“the＋形容词/分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.
最后，伤员被村民救了。
三、“就近”原则
这一原则是指谓语动词的人称和数往往与其最近的主语保持一致。
该原则主要适用于以下几种情况：
1．“either...or...”“...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...”“not...but...”等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数是由最靠近谓语动词的那个名词或代词决定的。
Are you or he good at English
是你还是他擅长英语？
Not only the students but also the teacher wants to go climbing.
不仅学生想去爬山，老师也想去爬山。
Neither the students nor the teacher knows the answer.
学生和老师都不知道答案。
2．在there be句型中，be动词应与离其最近的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
There is a pen，two books and many pencils on the desk.
桌上有一支钢笔、两本书和许多铅笔。
There are two books，a pen and many pencils on the desk.
桌上有两本书、一支钢笔和许多铅笔。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Amy，as well as her brothers， (give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
2．Fast food (be) full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
3．Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who
(wear) evening dress.
was given
is
wears
4．All we need (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
5．One-third of the country covered with trees and the majority of the citizens black people.(be)
6．Three-fourths of the bread (be) eaten by Bob, and the rest of the bread (leave) on the table.
7．What you said just now (have) something to do with that matter we are discussing.
is
is
are
was
was left
has
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．在中国，涌向城市的农村人口的数量一直在上涨。
The number of rural Chinese who have moved to cities ．
2．这里有给你的一些水果和玩具。
some fruit and toys for you.
3．老师和学生们正在讨论新出版的《阅读技巧》。
Now the teacher together with the students The Reading Skills that was newly published.
has been on the rise
Here is
is discussing
4．查阅词典是学习英语的好习惯。
Referring to the dictionary in English learning.
5．没有一个男孩和女孩喜欢被嘲笑。
No boy and no girl ．
is a good habit
likes being laughed at

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