资源简介

(共59张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Developing ideas
Unit 5 Learning from nature
难词注解
①polar opposites完全相反
polar adj.完全相反的；截然对立的
opposite n．对立的人(或物)；对立面，反面
②intense adj.(人)有强烈感情(或意见、想法)的；尖锐的；热切的
③respect for重视；尊重；维护
④transformation n．(彻底的)变化；改观；转变；改革
transformation from...to/into...从……到……的转变
难词注解
⑤conflicted adj.(对某事)感到矛盾
be/feel conflicted about sth.对某事感到矛盾
conflict vi.(两种思想、信仰、说法等)冲突；抵触
n.冲突，争执；不一致
⑥for good永久；永远
⑦bow vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低(头)，
vt.&vi.(使)弯曲
⑧in return for作为对……的回报
难词注解
in return作为回报；作为回应
⑨work the land耕种土地
⑩rural adj.农村的；乡村的
[对比]urban adj.城市的；都市的
contentment n．满足
content adj.满意的
simplicity n．质朴；淳朴；简单(性)；容易(性)；[usually pl.]简单(或质朴、朴素)之处
难词注解
a reaction to...对……的反应
reaction n．反应，回应
be opposed to反对(to是介词，后面跟名词、代词或v. -ing形式作宾语)
decent adj.体面的；相当好的
cottage n．乡村小屋
front 熟词生义：vt.&vi.面向
withdraw from...从……中退出
withdraw vi.离开(某处，尤指想独处或去安静的地方)
难词注解
contemporary adj.当代的；现代的
seek a harmonious relationship with...谋求与……的和谐关系
harmonious adj.(关系等)友好和睦的
domestic adj.家庭的；家养的
in contrast to/with...与……形成对照/对比
be critical of...批评/批判……
depressive adj.抑郁的；患抑郁症的
depress vt.使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉；使失去信心
难词注解
purity n．纯洁；洁净
pure adj.纯的；纯净的；纯粹的
convince sb.of sth./that使某人相信某事
convince vt.使确信；使相信；使信服；说服；劝说(某人做某事)
convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
convinced adj.坚信的；确信的
resign oneself to 听任；顺从
botanical adj.植物(学)的
难词注解
reject vt.拒绝接受；不予考虑；冷落，嫌弃
reflective adj.沉思的；深思的；内省的
reflect vt.&vi.认真思考；沉思
reflection n．沉思；深思，审慎的思考
at ease不拘束；放松
ease n．舒适；悠闲
attain vt.得到；获得
attainment n．达到；获得；[usually pl.]成就；造诣
well-being n．健康；康乐
教材原文
Back to Nature
Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets，but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America. Superficially，these two men, whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years，were polar opposites①.And yet they shared an intense②respect for③nature，which made them each an influential figure of their time.
Both men made dramatic transformations④to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，Tao felt conflicted⑤over
教材原文
life at court.In 405，he quit the service of the court for good⑥，expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow⑦like a servant in return for⑧five dou of grain”．He spent the next 22 years until his death，working the land⑨in a poor, rural⑩area.From his poetry，we can learn that although his life was arduous，he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed
to 1 ，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived. He
教材原文
had a decent quality of life，but he wanted to live in a simpler way.For two years，two months and two days，he lived in a cottage in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond，focusing on himself and his writing 2 .He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately，to front only the essential facts of life.” Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives.
1 while在此表示“(对比两件事物)而，然而”。
教材原文
2 此处为v. -ing分词短语作状语，focus与其逻辑主语he之间为主谓关系。
Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way，their works show its beauty and value. Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages，in other words，rural，and his animals are domestic ones，such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life：
Beyond the dark and distance lies a village 3 ，
The smoke above reluctant to depart.
教材原文
A dog is barking somewhere down the lane，
And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree.
3 本句为表示地点的介词短语位于句首引起的全部倒装，正常语序为“A village lies...distance”。
Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him. Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena，he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper，as we
教材原文
do 4 .We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals：
Live in each season as it passes；breathe the air，drink the drink，taste the fruit，and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be your only diet，drink and botanical medicines.
4 此处为as引导的方式状语从句，as在此表示“像……一样”。
教材原文
It takes considerable courage to reject the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature，as both Tao and Thoreau did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective lives with fewer material desires.In today's modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment.
课文翻译
回归自然
陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但他们一个生活在中国古代，另一个生活在19世纪的美国。从表面上看，这两个生活的年代相隔近1500年的人完全相反。然而，他们都对大自然极其尊重，这使他们成为当时有影响力的人物。
为了重建与大自然的连接，两人都对他们的生活作出了巨大的改变。作为东晋时期的一名官员，陶渊明对朝廷生涯感到矛盾。405年，他永远辞去了朝廷的职务，用现在著名的一句话来表达他的不悦，那就是他不
课文翻译
为“五斗米折腰”。接下来的22年里，他一直在一个贫穷的乡村种地，直到去世。从他的诗歌中，我们可以了解到，虽然他生活艰苦，但他成功地从生活的简单中找到了满足，并从自然中获得了快乐。
陶渊明回归自然是对他所抗拒的生活方式的一种反应，而梭罗改变他的生活方式是他的个人决定。他过着相当有质量的生活，但他想生活得更简单些。他在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里住了两年两个月零两天，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了自己这样做的原因：“我去森林里是因为我希望从容不迫地生活，只面对生活中的基本事
课文翻译
实。”两人都乐于退出当时的生活，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐相处。
虽然陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不尽相同，但他们的作品都彰显了自然的美和价值。陶渊明的自然是一个有田地和村庄的地方，换句话说，是田园式的，并且他的动物都是家养的，如鸡和狗。他所描绘的安静平和的生活与压抑的宫廷生活形成对比，也是对其的批判：
暧暧远人村，
依依墟里烟。
课文翻译
狗吠深巷中，
鸡鸣桑树颠。
梭罗对自然的描述重在强调他周围荒野的美丽和纯洁。他沉迷于观察自然现象，在日记中记录了他细致的发现。梭罗的写作旨在让人们相信，动物和植物像我们一样，有生存和繁衍的权利。我们应该与它们和谐相处，享受大自然的馈赠，正如他在日记中所描述的：
好好度过每一个季节；呼吸清新空气，饮酒，品尝果实，顺应自然对你的影响。让它们成为你唯一的食物、饮品和草药。
课文翻译
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝轻松又熟悉的生活，而尽力去更亲近自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择带他们走进安静、内省的生活，对物质的欲望减少了。在当今的现代世界，他们简单生活、与自然自在相处的观念也许会带领我们更进一步获得自我的康乐和满足。
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． adv.表面(上)地
2． adj.农村的，乡村的
3． adj.可接受的；相当好的
4． n．乡村小屋
5．withdraw v．→(过去式) →(过去分词)
6． adj.不情愿的；勉强的
7． v．离开
superficially
rural
decent
cottage
withdrew
withdrawn
reluctant
depart
8． n．(乡间的)小路
9． prep.在……顶上
10． n．桑葚；桑树
11． v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于
12． adj.植物(学)的
13． n．满足(感)
14． v．鞠躬
15． adj.驯养的；家养的
16． v．得到，获得
lane
atop
mulberry
resign
botanical
fulfilment
bow
domestic
attain
17． n．舒适，悠闲
18．deliberately adv.慎重地，从容不迫地→ adj.小心翼翼的；从容不迫的 v. 深思熟虑
19．depressive adj.抑郁的→ v．使抑郁；使沮丧→
n．抑郁；沮丧→ adj.沮丧的；意志消沉的
20．purity n．纯洁，洁净→ adj.纯的；干净的；完全的
21．reject v．冷落，嫌弃，厌弃→ n．(对求职者、求学者等的)拒绝
22．evaluate v．评估，评价→ n．评估，评价
ease
deliberate
depress
depression
depressed
pure
rejection
evaluation
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．be opposed 反对
2．focus 关注
3．aim 目的在于
4． return 作为回报
5．reaction 对……的反应
6． contrast to 对比
7．resign oneself 顺从
8．withdraw 退出
9． ease with 和……相处不拘束
to
on
to
in
to
in
to
from
at
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．现在分词短语作状语
of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.
致力于研究自然现象，他在他的日志中详细记录了他的发现。
2．while引导的让步状语从句
was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
虽然陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，而梭罗改变他的生活方式是他的个人决定。
Devoting himself to observations
While Tao's return to nature
Ⅳ.课文预读
1．Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court
A.He was paid only five dou of grain.
B.He was tired of the conflict over life at court.
C.He could live a decent life in the rural area.
D.He was forced to do this by his superior.
2．What's the reason for Thoreau's return to nature
A.He wanted to seek a peaceful life.
B.He wanted to live a decent life.
C.He was forced by the conflict to do so.
D.The life he lived then was too arduous(艰苦的).
3．What is the feature of Tao's works
A.A depressive court life. B.A frontier style.
C.Jungle scenery. D.Fields and villages.
4．The author wants people to according to the passage.
A.live a life in the countryside
B.attain personal well-being and fulfilment
C.live with as much material as we can
D.live a free life
答案　1.B　2.A　3.D　4.B
分析
高考英语
阅读理解
正确答案
的特点； 1.留意以否定形式出现的选项，尤其注意选项中以un-/dis-等开头的表示否定的词
2.正确答案中常含有some、something、sometimes这类不定代词
3.正确答案中常含有more、less、as...as、different这类表示比较意义的词
4.正确答案中常含有may、might、likely、potential、possible、probable这类表示可能意义的词
5.绝对化的选项，如all、every、only、any、the most、the best、never等，有这类词都不能选
词汇精讲
1．influential adj.有很大影响的；有支配力的
She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.
她是本地政坛举足轻重的人物之一。
(1)influence v．影响，起作用
influence sb.to do sth.影响某人从事/做什么事
(2)influence n．影响，作用
have a great influence upon/on/over sb.
对……产生影响
He was arrested of driving under the influence of alcohol.
他因酒后驾驶被捕。
This example has a great influence upon/on young people.
这个榜样对年轻人有重大的影响。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Art is (influence) by the customs and faith of a people.
②As an (influence) philosopher with a lot of teachings, Confucius had a great influence Chinese people.
influenced
influential
on/upon
③No one can avoid (influence) by advertisements.
完成句子
④工人们的劳动热情极大地感染了我们。
The labour enthusiasm of the workers strongly ．
⑤他的父母对他不再有任何约束力了。
His parents no longer have any him.
being influenced
influenced us
real influence over/on
2．reaction n．反应，回应(常与to连用)
What was his reaction to the news
他对这消息有何反应？
(1)react v．反应；对……作出反应
react with同……反应
react to对……有反应
react on/upon对……起作用(有影响)
(2)reactive adj.反应的；反作用的
This chemical class is about the reaction of metals with oxygen and our teacher shows us how iron reacts with air and water.
这堂化学课是关于金属和氧气在一起的反应，我们老师展示给我们铁与空气、水是如何起反应的。
Missing is a reactive course by heart.
思念是一种心灵反应的过程。
Her arrest produced an immediate reaction from the press.
她被捕的事立刻在新闻界引起反响。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①His reaction the news is surprisingly calm.
②This produced a chain (react)，which made it possible for life to develop.
③Someone allergic to milk is likely to react cheese.
④Most thinking is (react) rather than proactive(积极主动的).
完成句子
⑤他们得知这个消息后有什么反应？
when they learned the news
to
reaction
to
reactive
How did they react/What was their reaction
3．convince v．使相信；使确信；使信服；说服
I hope this will convince you to change your mind.
我希望这会说服你改变主意。
(1)convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事
convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
convince sb.(that)...使某人相信……
(2)convinced adj.坚信不移的；有坚定信仰(或信念)的
(3)convincing adj.令人信服的；有说服力的
He managed to convince the jury of his innocence.
他设法使陪审团相信他是无辜的。
The greatest trick the devil ever pulled was convincing the world (that) he didn't exist.
魔王曾使用的最大的骗术就是使世界相信他并不存在。
The ending of the book wasn't very convincing.
这本书的结局难以令人信服。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①You'll need to convince them your enthusiasm for the job.
of
②Kim convinced her mother (go) home.
③ (convince) of Li Lei's guilty, his mother forgave what he did.
④She made up a (convince) explanation for her delay.
⑤I'm (convince) that he is not telling the truth.
完成句子
⑥斯蒂芬坚信他已经看到了真正伟大的开始。
Stephen he had seen the beginning of true greatness.
to go
Convinced
convincing
convinced
was convinced that
4．reject vt.冷落，嫌弃；拒绝接受；不雇用
They rejected his application for membership.
他们拒绝考虑他的会员资格申请。
(1)rejection n．拒绝
(2)表示“拒绝”的同义词(组)：
refuse vi.&vt.拒绝(给)
refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事
He tried to join the army but was rejected because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体欠佳未被选上。
He was rejected from the factory.
他被那家工厂辞退了。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①His request was (reject) from the boss.
②If people are unkind to him, he will feel (reject).
③I was annoyed at her (reject) of my offer.
完成句子
④他们拒绝承担他们的责任。
They their responsibility.
⑤如果你不想这样做，就彻底地拒绝他们。
If you do not want to do that, .
rejected
rejected
rejection
refused to take/rejected
reject them completely
5．ease n．舒适，安逸，自在，无忧无虑；容易，轻易，不费劲
He had practiced for a long time and passed the driving test with ease.
他已经练习了很长一段时间，并且轻而易举地通过了驾驶考试。
(1)feel at (one's) ease (with...)感到(和……在一起)不拘束，放松
put/set sb.at (their) ease使某人放松，自在
with ease轻易地＝easily
(2)ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解
I felt at ease with my new school life half a month later.
半个月后，我适应了新的学校生活。
The retired old worker is living at his ease.
这位年迈的退休工人的生活过得很自在。
The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town.
这项计划对城镇的交通拥挤状况应该有所缓解。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①She was put ease by learning that her husband had been saved.
②He is not a man to get along with, and I never feel at ease him.
at
with
③It is obvious that few people can quit smoking ease without strong will and determination.
完成句子
④多亏了你的帮助，我很快适应了在北京生活。
Thanks to your help, I the life in Beijing quickly.
with
was/felt at ease with
6．be opposed to反对；不赞成
Many of the local residents are opposed to building a chemical work in the suburbs.
许多当地的居民反对在郊区建化工厂。
(1)be opposed to sth./sb./doing 反对(做)……
(2)oppose vt.反对(计划、政策)；阻碍
be opposed by 与……对抗
(3)opposed adj.强烈反对的；截然不同的
(4)opposite adj.相反的；对面的 n．相反的人(事物)
(5)opposition n．(强烈的)反对，反抗，对抗
Some of the students were opposed to my plan to hold an open air party.
有许多学生反对我举行露天宴会的计划。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Most of the members of the football club were opposed cutting the number of the staff.
②I always oppose to students (force) to study, which should be out of their own motivation.
③Many citizens are strongly (oppose) to pulling down the 100-year-old building in the centre of the city.
to
being forced
opposed
完成句子
④我们强烈反对在国与国之间实行强权政治。
We're firmly the practice of power-politics between nations.
opposed to
句型精析
1．Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.
致力于研究自然现象，他在他的日志中详细记录了他的发现。
Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena是现在分词短语作状语，表示主语在进行的另一动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。
现在分词(短语)作状语与句子主语为逻辑上的主动关系，可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句或者并列句。
Having lived with the girl for years，we all know her well.(having v．-ed形式表示先于谓语动词动作发生)
和那个女孩儿生活了几年，我们都非常了解她。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult math problem, he asked the teacher for help.(原因状语)
因为不知道如何解出这道数学难题，他向老师求助。
Working hard, you'll succeed.(条件状语)
只要努力学习，你就会成功。
Weighing one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.(让步状语)
虽然这块石头重达百斤，但还是被他一个人移开了。
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.(结果状语)
他们的车遇上了交通拥堵，结果导致了迟到。
The children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.(伴随状语)
孩子们快乐地笑着、说着，跑出了教室。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
① (face) such an embarrassing situation, he didn't know what to do.
② (compare) them, you will find there is something in common.
③“Would you like me to wrap it for you？” she asked, (smile) again.
④ (work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
Facing
Comparing
smiling
Having worked
完成句子
⑤那个男孩伸长胳膊，取下了书架顶端的那本字典。
，the boy got the dictionary down from the top of the bookshelf.(方式状语)
⑥正专注地看着足球赛时，汤姆接到了他父亲的来电。
, Tom received a phone call from his father.(时间状语)
Stretching out his arm
Watching the football match attentively
2．While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to a lifestyle he was opposed to, Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.
虽然陶渊明回归自然是对他所反对的生活方式的一种反应，梭罗改变他的生活方式则是他的个人决定。
本句中while为并列连词，连接两个并列分句，表示对比。
(1)while作并列连词时，意为“而，然而”，表示对比，用来连接两个并列分句。
(2)while作从属连词，引导时间状语从句时，意为“当……的时候”，从句的谓语必须用延续性动词。
(3)while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”。while引导让步状语从句时，从句往往位于主句之前。
He likes playing basketball，while I like listening to music.
他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
在过去的25年里，谷物的产量激增了125%，而大米的产量只增加了7%。
The telephone rang while I was walking in the garden.
我在花园里散步时电话响了。
While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical painting.
虽然他很有可能对这些书理解甚少，但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
① I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
②The more careful you are writing a composition，the fewer mistakes you will make.
③The kindergarten was in the charge of Ms Wang other teachers went abroad for further study.
While
while
while
完成句子
④当我们正在谈话时，他进来了。
, he came in.
⑤虽然我承认他的优点，但他的缺点也很明显。
, I can see his shortcomings.
While we were talking
While I admit his good points
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据中文或首字母提示写单词。
1．In the garden we can find a variety of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers.
2．He lived in a poor, (乡村的) area as a child and his writings are related to his life at that time.
3．The old lady lived in the (乡村小屋) at the foot of the mountain.
4．History books do not tell us much about the (家庭的) lives of our ancestors.
botanical
rural
cottage
domestic
5．She is one of the most (有很大影响的)figures in local politics.
6．The new vaccine is being (评估) in clinical trials.
7．Researchers found that women who exercised regularly were reported to have about 50% fewer (抑郁的)signs than women who didn't exercise at all.
8．Parents who read books at home increase the level of education their children will (获得).
influential
evaluated
depressive
attain
Ⅱ.选词填空
be opposed to; focus on; in return; withdraw from; at ease with
1．It took an extraordinary effort to preparing his classes or correcting his students' work.
2．I don't know if he will the race.
3．At first he our suggestion, but we managed to bring him round.
4．I never feel completely him.
5．It seems only fair that they should give us something ．
focus on
withdraw from
was opposed to
at ease with
in return

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