资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Comprehending
Unit 5 Learning from nature
难词注解
①take...for granted认为……理所当然
take it for granted that...想当然地认为……
②pine cone松果，松球
③closely resemble很像
closely adv.密切地；在很大程度上
④inspire vt.(常用于被动语态)赋予灵感；引起联想；启发思考
⑤forest-like adj.像森林一样的
难词注解
[构词法] -like是形容词后缀，表示“类似……的；有……特征的”，用于名词后构成形容词。
⑥sit熟词生义：vi.处在；坐落在；被放在
⑦shape vt.使成为……形状(或样子)；塑造
⑧channel熟词生义：vt.(经过通道)输送；传送(水、光等)
⑨recycle vt.回收利用；再利用
⑩a superb example of...……的极好的典范
superb adj.极好的；出色的
难词注解
example n．典型；范例；样品
construct vt.建筑；修建；建造
construction n.建筑；建造；施工
under construction在建设中
air conditioning n.[U]空气调节系统
air conditioner n.[C]空调机，空调设备
run vi.&vt.(使)运转；运行；操作
feed...with...给……供应/供给……
难词注解
feed熟词生义：vt.供给；供应
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
convert...into/to...把……转变为……
convert vt.&vi.使转变；使转换
power vt.驱动，推动
harvest vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)；捕猎(动物、鱼等)
n.[C，U]收获的季节，收割；收获；[C]收成；收获量
respond to对……作出反应
难词注解
generate vt.产生；引起
generate electricity/heat/power发电/产生热力/产生动力
generate income/profit产生收益/利润
meet the needs of...满足……的需求
challenge n．挑战；艰巨的任务
教材原文
Nature in Architecture 1
Trees，plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every day.In fact，we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted①without realising how much inspiration they have given us 2 .When we look at a pine cone②，we might think how much it looks like the tiles on a roof.An open flower might make us think how closely it resembles③an umbrella. It is natural to think in this way，but of course it wasn't the umbrella that inspired④the flower or the roof that inspired the pine cone. 3
教材原文
1 [标题赏析]本文标题的字面意思是“建筑设计中的大自然”，作者紧紧抓住标题中的两个关键词：Nature和Architecture，形象地表达了主题：灵感来自自然界的建筑设计。
2 本句为主从复合句，其中包含一个“so...that...”句式，表示“如此……以至于……”；that从句中，how much...given us作realising的宾语。
3 本句是由but连接的并列句。第一个分句句式为“It is＋adj.＋to do sth.”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语；第二个分句是强调句型的否定形式“it was＋not＋n.＋that”，强调the umbrella和the roof。
教材原文
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us，including those in architecture.From Barcelona's forest-like⑤Sagrada Familia to the modern style of Beijing's Water Cube，nature is presented in various architectural designs.Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms, to mimic the way nature works or even to make natural organisms part of a building.
教材原文
ArtScience Museum，Singapore
People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits⑥.Shaped⑦ to resemble a lotus flower，it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its roof collects rainwater and channels⑧ it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled⑨through the building's plumbing system.Visitors are often
教材原文
amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
The Eastgate Centre，Harare
Harare's Eastgate Centre is a superb example of⑩biomimicry.To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create the Centre while watching a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests 4 .The insects built mounds covered in little holes designed to allow
教材原文
air to move freely in and out of the mounds. 5 In a similar way，the Eastgate Centre has a “skin”covered in holes.During the day，warm air is drawn into the building through the holes，cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.At night，the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air，creating a comfortable temperature inside.The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems，so the building uses less energy and costs less to run .
教材原文
4 while watching...nests是“连词＋现在分词”结构，此处是while引导的时间状语从句的省略句，完整句子为while he was watching...nests。in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary。
5 本句为简单句。covered in little holes和designed to... the mounds是两个过去分词短语作后置定语，分别修饰 mounds和holes，构成过去分词的两个动词与被修饰词之间均为逻辑上的动宾关系。
教材原文
The Algae House，Hamburg
The world's first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae.The algae are fed with liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide to encourage them to grow.In bright sunshine，they grow faster and provide shade.The panels also capture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building.And that's not all—the algae inside the panels can be harvested and used to
教材原文
produce fuel.The building therefore not only responds to its environment and uses less energy，but also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge ， but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
课文翻译
建筑设计中的大自然
我们身边到处都是树、植物和花，并且每天都能欣赏它们的美。事实上，我们太习惯它们了，甚至可能会觉得它们(的存在)理所当然，而意识不到它们给了我们多少灵感。当我们看到一颗松果时，我们可能会觉得它多像屋顶上的瓦片。一朵开放的花可能会让我们觉得它很像一把伞。这样想很正常，但当然不是伞给了花灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
我们周边有很多大自然赋予的最迷人的设计灵感，包括建筑设计。从巴塞罗那森林般的圣家族教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，大自然体现
课文翻译
在各种建筑设计里。如今，建筑师继续探索捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然界运作的方式，甚至使自然生物成为建筑的一部分。
艺术科学博物馆　新加坡
对探索艺术与科学之间的关系感兴趣的人会喜欢新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。设计这座建筑是为了展示自然和它所处的现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，似乎漂浮在滨海步行大道和环绕它的水面上。它的屋顶收集雨水，把雨水下排35米到空间中央的一个瀑布处。然
课文翻译
后水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。游客常常会惊奇地发现自己置身于一座城市建筑中，这座建筑如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美。
东门中心　哈拉雷
哈拉雷的东门中心是一个极好的仿生(建筑)典范。仿生(建筑)是根据自然的形式和过程来建造结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克·皮尔斯在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发，创建了这个中心。这些白蚁建造了覆盖着小孔的土堆，旨在让空气自由进出土堆。与之类似，东门中心有被洞覆盖的“皮肤”。白天，温暖的空气通过这些孔被吸入建筑物中，
课文翻译
到建筑物中间冷却。晚上，白天墙壁吸收的热量使凉爽的空气变暖，创造了舒适的室内温度。这种设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此这栋建筑使用的能源更少，运行成本更低。
藻类建筑　汉堡
世界上第一座藻类发电建筑位于德国汉堡。这栋公寓楼的表面嵌板含有藻类。藻类依靠供应的液体营养和二氧化碳支撑生长。在明媚的阳光中，它们生长得更快，还能提供阴凉。这些嵌板还能从太阳光中吸收热量，并将其转化为电能，为建筑供电。但这并不是全部——嵌板里的
课文翻译
藻类可以被收割，用于生产燃料。因此，这样的建筑不仅对环境作出反应，使用更少的能源，还通过生产自己的可再生能源，减少了对环境的破坏。
建造这样的建筑使我们进一步与环境和谐相处。满足当今的需求，同时保护明天的世界，这也许是一个挑战，但即使最简单的生物也能教我们如何实现这一点。
Step 1　Fast-reading
Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words
Step 2　Careful-reading
Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．Why don't we feel the inspiration from nature
A.Because it is around us.
B.Because we are not close to it.
C.Because we are accustomed to it.
D.Because we tend to ignore its importance.
2．What can you find in the structure of Sagrada Familia
A.The way nature works.
B.The beauty of nature forms.
C.Natural organisms.
D.The greatness of nature.
3．How did Mick Pearce create the design of the Eastgate Centre of Harare
A.By watching how termites were building their nests.
B.By turning to superb architects for help.
C.By imitating the design of ArtScience Museum.
D.By working hard day and night.
4．What's the advantage of the Algae House in Hamburg
A.It is in harmony with its environment.
B.It produces its own renewable energy.
C.It doesn't need any energy.
D.It is protected from the sunlight by panels.
5．What can we conclude from the text
A.Nature is influenced by human architecture.
B.Nature can be our teacher.
C.Nature is full of mysteries.
D.Humans should protect nature.
答案　1.C　2.B　3.A　4.B　5.B
Step 3　Post -reading
Read the passage again and fill in the blanks.
We are so accustomed to the beauty of nature that we can't realise how much 1. (inspire) it has given us.For instance，it's natural to think an open flower 2. (resemble)an umbrella but actually，it is the flower 3. inspires the umbrella.
Nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us，those in architecture included.People 4. interest is exploring the relationship 5. art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience
inspiration
resembles
that
whose
between
Museum.It 6. (shape)to resemble a lotus flower whose roof collects rainwater and then recycles it through the plumbing system.7. (watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing 8. (they)nests inspired Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce to create the Eastgate Centre.The building uses 9. (little) energy and costs less to run.In Hamburg，the Algae House's surface is covered in panels containing algae，which capture heat from the sun and provide energy to power the building.Thus，the building not only uses less energy，but also reduces damage to the environment.
10． (live) in harmony with nature，we had better learn from nature and even the simplest organisms can help teach us.
is shaped
Watching
their
less
To live
Step 4　Sentence-learning
1．In fact，
主句　　　　　　结果状语从句
　　　　　　 ↓　　　　　　　　 ↓
↑ ↑
　介词短语作伴随状语 名词性从句作宾语
[译文]事实上， ，以至于我们可能会认为它们是理所当然的，而没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
we are so used to them
that we may even take them for granted
without realising
how much inspiration they have given us.
我们对它们如此习以为常
2． , it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water ．
过去分词短语作状语
↓
↑
定语从句
[译文] ，似乎漂浮在海滨长廊和环绕它的水面上。
Shaped to resemble a lotus flower
that surrounds it
它的形状像一朵莲花
如何读
懂一篇
文章 1.带着问题细读原文，捕捉与题目相关的信息词，掌握短文中的细节内容
2.抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把“What(事件)、When(时间)、Where(地点)、Why(原因)、How(经过)”画出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章大意

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