资源简介

(共63张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Developing ideas
Unit 4 A glimpse of the future
难词注解
①go through 经历；经受
②agile adj.敏捷的；灵活的
③slope vi.倾斜；悄悄地走
n.斜坡
④keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(from不可省略)；
prevent/stop sb.(from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事
(from可省略，但在被动语态中不可省略from)
难词注解
⑤nonexistent adj.不存在的
[构词法]non-是构词法中常用的前缀，意为“无，没有”，可构成形容词、名词和副词。如nonviolent
(非暴力的)，nonsmoker(不吸烟的人)，
non-profitly(非营利地)
⑥expert n．专家；行家
adj.熟练的；内行的
be expert at/in...擅长……
难词注解
⑦outrace vt.超过
[构词法]out-在此是动词前缀，表示“超过”。如：outnumber
vt.在数量上超过；
outlive vt.活得比……长
⑧wavelength n.波长。该词是由wave和length构成的复合名词。
⑨mechanical adj.机械的
mechanic n．技工，机械师
难词注解
⑩imitation n.仿制品；模仿；仿效
imitate vt.模仿；仿效
frown vi.皱眉
hold out 在此意为“伸出；递出”
in one bound一跃；一跳
adjust在此意为“调节，调整”。vi.&vt.适应
adjust to...适应……
adjust oneself to...使某人自己适应……
难词注解
adjustable adj.可调节的
tightly adv.紧紧地
hold sth.tightly紧紧抱住/抓住某物
desperate adj.拼命的；绝望的
change one's mind改变主意
count vi.重要；有价值
It's not how much you read but what you read that counts.重要的不是你读了多少，而是你读了什么。
教材原文
A Boy's Best Friend
Mr Anderson said, “Where's Jimmy，dear？” “Out on the crater，” said Mrs Anderson.“Robutt is with him.Did he arrive？” “Yes.He's at the rocket station，going through①the tests 1 .I haven't really seen one since I left Earth 15 years ago.”
1 此处是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
“Jimmy has never seen one，” said Mrs Anderson.
教材原文
“Because he's Moon-born and can't visit Earth.That's why I'm bringing one here.I think it's the first one ever on the Moon.”
Jimmy was out on the crater，as his mother had said 2 .His arms and legs were long and agile②.He looked thicker and stubbier with his spacesuit on，but he could handle the lunar gravity as no Earth-born human being could.The outer side of the crater sloped③southward and the Earth，which was low in the southern sky 3 ，was nearly full，so that the entire crater-slope was brightly lit. The slope was a gentle one and even the weight of the spacesuit couldn't keep
教材原文
Jimmy from④racing up it in a floating hop that made the gravity seem nonexistent⑤.
2 此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代前面主句的内容。
3 此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句。
“Come on.Robutt，”he shouted.Robutt，who could hear him by radio，squeaked and bounded after.
Jimmy，expert⑥though he was 4 ，couldn't outrace⑦Robutt，who didn't need a spacesuit，and had four legs and tendons of steel.Jimmy couldn't go wrong
教材原文
while Robutt was around，tripping him when he was too near a rock，or jumping on him to show how much he loved him，or circling around and squeaking low and scared when Jimmy hid behind a rock，when all the time Robutt knew well enough where he was 5 .
4 此处是让步状语从句的倒装形式，作表语的名词提到了句首，名词前的冠词(an)要省略。
教材原文
5 tripping him...or jumping...or circling...behind a rock为三个并列的现在分词短语作状语；when all the time...he was是when引导的让步状语从句，when意为“虽然，尽管”。
He heard his father's voice on his private wavelength⑧.“Jimmy，come back.I have something to tell you.”
Mr Anderson was smiling.“We have something for you, Jimmy.It's at the rocket station now，but we'll have it tomorrow after all the tests are over.”
“From Earth，Dad？”
教材原文
“A dog from Earth，son.The first dog on the Moon.You won't need Robutt any more.We can't keep them both, and some other boy or girl will have Robutt.” He seemed to be waiting 6 for Jimmy to say something，then he said，“You know what a dog is，Jimmy.It's the real thing.Robutt's only a mechanical⑨imitation⑩，a robot-mutt.That's how he got his name.”
6 该结构中的to be waiting是动词不定式的进行时，表示当时正在进行的状态。
Jimmy frowned .“Robutt isn't an imitation，Dad.”
教材原文
“Robutt's just steel and wiring and a simple positronic brain.”
“He does everything I want him to do 7 ，Dad.He understands me.”
7 此处是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。
“No，son.Robutt is just a machine.It's just programmed to act the way it
does 8 . A dog is alive.You'll see the difference once he gets here.”
8 此处是省略了关系词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。此处还可用in which引导这个定语从句。
教材原文
Jimmy looked at Robutt，who was squeaking again，a very low，slow squeak that seemed frightened.Jimmy held out his arms and Robutt was in them in one bound .
Jimmy said，“What will the difference be between Robutt and the dog？”
“It's hard to explain，” said Mr Anderson，“but it will be easy to see.The dog will really love you.Robutt is just adjusted to act as though it loves you 9 .”
9 as though在此引导方式状语从句，意为“好像”，同义词组为as if。
教材原文
“But，Dad，we don't know what's inside the dog，or what his feelings are.Maybe it's just acting，too.”
Mr Anderson frowned.“Jimmy，you'll know the difference when you experience the love of a living thing.”
Jimmy held Robutt tightly .He was frowning，too，and the desperate look on his face meant that he wouldn't change his mind .He said，“But what's the difference how they act？How about how I feel？I love Robutt and that's what counts 10 .”
教材原文
10 此处是what引导的表语从句，what在该从句中作主语。
And the little robot-mutt，which had never been held so tightly in all its existence, squeaked high and rapid squeaks 11 —happy squeaks.
(Adaptation of excerpts from“A Boy's Best Friend”by Isaac Asimov)
11 squeaked...squeaks是同源宾语现象：名词squeaks，作动词squeaked的宾语。
课文翻译
孩子最好的朋友
安德森先生说：“亲爱的，吉米在哪里？”“在外面的火山口上，”安德森太太说。“罗布和他在一起。他到了吗？”“是的。他正在火箭站接受检查。自从15年前我离开地球后，就再也没见过一只了。”
“吉米从来没见过呢，”安德森太太说。
“因为他是在月球上出生的，不能去地球看看。所以我才带了一只来。我想它是月球上的第一只。”
课文翻译
正如他妈妈说的，吉米在外面的火山口上。他的胳膊和腿又长又灵活。他穿上宇航服，看上去更加迟钝且矮胖，但他仍然能比任何一个在地球上出生的人更好地适应月球重力。火山口外侧向南面倾斜着，而低悬在南方天空的地球，几乎已经变成了圆形，整个火山口的斜坡都被照亮了。斜坡很平缓，即使是太空服的重量也不能阻止吉米大跳着冲上去，仿佛月球重力不存在一样。
“快过来，罗布，”他喊道。罗布从无线电里听到了他的喊声，吱吱叫着随后蹦跳着过来。
课文翻译
吉米虽然是行家，但他也无法超越罗布，罗布不需要宇航服，还有四条腿和一身钢腱。当罗布在身边的时候，吉米不会出问题。当他太靠近岩石的时候，罗布会绊倒他；或者跳到他怀里表示自己是多么喜欢他；当吉米躲在岩石后面的时候，他会绕着圈，惊恐地低声叫着；而实际上，罗布一直清楚地知道他在哪里。
他从个人波段里听到了父亲的声音。“吉米，回来。我要告诉你一些事情。”
课文翻译
安德森先生笑着。“我们有东西给你，吉米。它现在在火箭站，但明天所有检查结束后，我们就能见到它了。”
“从地球上来的吗，爸爸？”
“一只来自地球的狗，儿子。月球上的第一只狗。你再也不需要罗布了。我们不能把它们都留下来，别的孩子会养着罗布的。”他好像在等吉米说什么，然后他说，“你知道狗是什么，吉米。它是活生生的。罗布只是个机械的仿制品，一只机器狗。它也因此得名。”
吉米皱了皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布不是个仿制品。”
课文翻译
“罗布只有钢筋和线路加上一个简单的正电子大脑。”
“他会做我想让他做的一切，爸爸。他懂我。”
“不，儿子。罗布只是一台机器，它只是按照预设的方式做事，而狗是活的。一旦他到这儿，你就会看到区别。”
吉米看了看罗布，它又发出非常低沉、缓慢的叫声，仿佛很害怕。吉米伸出胳膊，罗布一跃跳进他的臂弯里。
吉米说：“罗布和那只狗会有什么区别？”
课文翻译
“这很难解释，”安德森先生说，“但很容易看出来。那只狗会真的喜欢你。罗布只是被调节成装作它喜欢你的样子。”
“但是，爸爸，我们不知道那只狗的内心是什么样的，或者它的感受是什么。也许它也是装出来的。”
安德森先生皱了皱眉。“吉米，当你体验到活生生的东西的爱时，你就会知道区别了。”
课文翻译
吉米紧紧地抱着罗布。他也皱着眉头，他脸上绝望的表情表明他不会改变主意。他说：“但是它们的行为有什么不同呢？那么我的感受呢？我喜欢罗布，这才是最重要的。”
而在它一生中从来没被抱得这么紧过的小机器狗，发出响亮又急促的叫声——快乐的叫声。
(选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫《孩子最好的朋友》)
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． adj.敏捷的，灵活的
2． v．倾斜，有坡度
3． n．跳跃
4． v．发出吱吱声
5． n．波长
6． n．仿制品
7． v．皱眉
agile
slope
hop
squeak
wavelength
imitation
frown
8． adj.正电子的
9． adj.机械的
10． n．线索，提示
11． adj.一贯的，一致的
12． n．客户，客人
13． v．引用，引述
14． v．评价，评定
15． n．细胞
16． adj.可能的
positronic
mechanical
clue
consistent
client
cite
assess
cell
bound
17． n．自行车
18． n．需求
19．tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地→ adj.紧紧的；牢固的
20．desperate adj.拼命的，绝望的→ adv.绝望地；极度地
21．faulty adj.有故障的，有缺陷的→ n．故障，错误
cycle
demand
tight
desperately
fault
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．set 出发，开始
2．share sth. sb. 和某人分享某物
3．make an effort sth. 努力做某事
4．go 经受；仔细检查
5．race 向上跑；急剧上升
6．go 出毛病；弄错
7．be programmed sth. 按计划做某事
out
with
to do
through
up
wrong
to do
8．hold 伸出手；坚持；维持
9．adjust 调整
10．act 充当，担任
11． one's mind 改变主意
12．wave 朝……招手
13．point 指向
14．bank 指望，依靠
15． the horizon将要发生
16．be bound 很有可能，肯定会
out
to
as
change
at
at
on
on
to
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．though引导的让步状语从句
Jimmy, expert , couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel.
吉米虽然是行家，但他也无法超越罗布，罗布不需要宇航服，还有四条腿和一身钢腱。
2．as though引导的方式状语从句
Robutt is just adjusted to act it loves you.
罗布只是被调节成装作它喜欢你的样子。
though he was
as though/if
Ⅳ.课文预读
1．Which one is TRUE about the description of Jimmy
A.He was born on Earth and moved to the Moon later.
B.He was born on the Moon and had abilities that people on Earth didn't have.
C.He was often cheated by his toy dog Robutt.
D.He liked the real dog from Earth as soon as he saw it.
2．Why did Mr Anderson bring a dog from Earth
A.Because he really liked it.
B.Because his wife hasn't seen one since she was born.
C.Because his son was born on the Moon and has never seen one.
D.Because he wanted his son to experience the life on Earth.
3．What does the sentence “Jimmy couldn't go wrong while Robutt was around”(Para.5) mean
A.Robutt was helpful to Jimmy.
B.Jimmy was afraid to make a mistake while Robutt was present.
C.Jimmy got on well with Robutt.
D.Jimmy still couldn't adapt to the Moon environment.
4．What can you conclude from the last sentence of the passage
A.Robutt was concerned that he would say goodbye to Jimmy.
B.Robutt was glad because Jimmy would have a new friend.
C.Robutt was sighing over his unfortunate fate.
D.Robutt understood Jimmy's mind that he wouldn't leave him.
答案　1.B　2.C　3.A　4.D
定位
细节
理解题 1.细节理解题必须紧密围绕文章主题。根据这一原则首先排除与主题不相关的选项
2.顺序原则。大多数题目是按文章的顺序出题的。这个原则可以帮助我们迅速而有效地找到答案，避免盲目猜测，节约答题时间
3.定位原则。用题干中的标志性词回到原文定位，定位到该词后，答案就在该词所在句或前后句。将这个句子进一步简化，找出该句中的关键词后，可以快捷、准确地定位答案
词汇精讲
1．desperate adj.绝望的，拼命的
With nobody to turn to, she found herself in a desperate situation.
因为没有人可以求助，她发现自己陷入了绝望的境地。
(1)be desperate for sth.渴望某物
be desperate to do sth.很想做某事
in desperate need of sth.急需某物
(2)desperation n．绝望，拼命；铤而走险
in desperation 在绝望中；拼命地
(3)desperately adv.绝望地；不顾一切地
The people in some countries are desperate for masks and medical instruments.
一些国家的人们迫切需要口罩和医疗器械。
She was desperate to work to provide for a large family.
她拼命地工作来供养一大家子人。
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl's life.
医生们不惜一切地奋力抢救这个小女孩的生命。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①He was desperate money to resolve his financial problem.
②We are desperate (see) whether the method is working.
③Faced with this serious problem, he took a deep breath
(desperate)trying to keep calm.
for
to see
desperately
完成句子
④那个在沙漠中迷路的男子极其想喝水。
The man lost in the desert ．
⑤没有人住在这栋房子里，那是因为它急需修理。
There is no one living in the house.That's because it is
repairs.
was desperate for water
in desperate need of
2．count v．重要；有价值；计数；认为；看作
It is not the story itself but what is reflected in the story that counts.
重要的不是这个故事本身，而是这个故事所反映出的问题。
(1)count on/upon指望；依靠
count...in把……计算在内
count up to...数到……
(2)countless adj.数不尽的；无数的
(3)counter n．柜台
We counted the passengers, and found that two were missing.
我们清点了乘客人数，发现少了两个人。
Yes, unlikely friendships start up every day.No one understands this more than the lonely.In fact，it's what they count on.
的确，意外的友谊每天都在发生，没有人能比寂寞的人更了解这一点。事实上，意外的友谊就是他们的指望。
Mark，can we count you in for the cricket team
马克，我们能把你算进板球队的一员吗？
It has saved my life, and the lives of countless others.
它救了我的命，也救了无数其他人的命。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Success is not final, and failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that
(count).
②She can always be counted for support.
③I spent (count) hours in training.
完成句子
④这个小男孩可以数到100。
The little boy can 100.
⑤就我个人而言，真正重要的是质量而不是数量。
As far as I'm concerned，it is quality rather than quantity that ．
counts
on/upon
countless
count up to
really counts
3．existence n．存在；生存
The elephant is the largest land animal in existence.
大象是现有的最大的陆上动物。
(1)come into existence产生；成立；开始存在
in existence存在
(2)exist vi.存在；生存
exist in存在于……中
exist on＝live on靠……为生
A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.
许多人以为贫困仅仅存在于第三世界。
They were so poor that they did not live but merely existed.
他们穷得只有生存，没有生活。
[名师点津]　
exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when Earth came into
(exist).
②They can't exist the money he's earning.
完成句子
③大多数科学家认为，月球表面没有水。
Most scientists believe that water of the moon.
④没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候产生的。
No one knows when such a custom ．
existence
on
doesn't exist on the surface
came into existence
4．consistent adj.一致的；一贯的
She is one of the team's most consistent players.
她是队里最稳定的队员之一。
(1)be consistent with与……相一致或吻合
(2)consist v．由……组成；构成；在于；符合
consist of＝ be made up of由……组成
consist in以……为要素； 主要在于
(3)consistently adv.一致地，始终如一地
Listening is an active, not a passive, behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.
聆听是一种积极的行为，而不是被动地接受，它包括倾听、理解和记忆。
If what you say is not consistent with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
如果你言行不一，这将对你的孩子产生不良的影响。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Water is said to consist oxygen and hydrogen.
of
②The evidence is not consistent what you said earlier.
③Practising Chinese brush calligraphy (书法) (consistent) can develop personal character and is of great benefit to health.
完成句子
④该计划的妙处在于简洁。
The beauty of the plan its simplicity.
with
consistently
consists in
5．go through经历；经受(苦难等)
Go through those things that seem impossible and achieve what we never believe we can.
去经历那些似乎不可能做到的事情，去取得我们从不相信自己能取得的成就。
(1)go through仔细查看，检查，审查，相当于go over；(法律、合同等正式)通过；浏览，翻阅，相当于look through
(2)go ahead前进
go against背叛；违背；违反；不利于
go in for爱好；酷爱；从事
go over越过；温习；审查，仔细查看
go wrong出故障
We must go over all the subjects before the exams.
考试前我们必须复习全部科目。
I would be grateful if you could go through my paper and make necessary changes.
如果你能仔细检查我的论文并作必要的修改，我将不胜感激。
[考点精练]　用go相关的短语填空
①—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—Oh, dear! She must have a lot of difficulties.
②He would his work again and again until he felt he had it right.
③When things , all of us naturally feel disappointed and frustrated.
完成句子
④一个人必须经过一番刻苦奋斗，才会有所成就。
A person must a hard struggle，then he will accomplish something.
gone through
go over
go wrong
go through
句型精析
1．Jimmy was out on the crater, as his mother had said．
正如他妈妈说的，吉米在外面的火山口上。
此处as his mother had said是as引导的非限制性定语从句。
(1)as用作关系代词时，可以引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”，as在从句中作主语或宾语。
(2)as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，一般用逗号与主句隔开。
(3) as引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于以下搭配：
as is known to all(＝as we all know)众所周知
as is reported　据报道
as is often the case　情况常常如此
She usually takes a nap after lunch, as is her habit.
她午饭后通常小睡一会儿，这是她的习惯。
As is known to the United States, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。
He is absorbed in work, as he often was.
他正在全神贯注地工作，他过去经常这样。
as和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：
关系代词 意义 先行词 从句位置
as 正如，就像 整个句子 可位于句首、句中和句末
which 这一点，这/那 名词、名词性短语或整个主句 位于主句之后或先行词后
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
① is known to all, light travels faster than sound.
②These apple trees， I planted three years ago，have not born any fruit.
③I want to use the same tools were used in your factory a few days ago.
完成句子
④他忘了带钢笔，这是常事。
He forgot to bring his pen with him， ．
As
which
as
as was often the case
2．Jimmy, expert though he was, couldn't outrace Robutt, who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel．
吉米虽然是专家，但他也无法超越罗布，罗布不需要宇航服，还有四条腿和一身钢腱。
(1)expert though he was是让步状语从句。
(2)who didn't need a spacesuit, and had four legs and tendons of steel是非限制性定语从句，修饰Robutt。
though引导的让步状语从句
①though意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句时可位于句首、句中或句末。
②引导让步状语从句时不能与but连用，但可与yet、still等连用。
③though引导的让步状语从句可倒装，也可不倒装。as引导的让步状语从句一定要倒装。用倒装语序时作表语的名词或形容词、作状语的副词等要提前。若提前的是可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词。
Though it was raining heavily, we still went on working.
虽然正下着雨，但我们仍然继续工作。
Hard though she tried，she failed in the pilot examination.
虽然她很刻苦，但她还是没有通过飞行员考试。
Child though he was, he did quite well.
他虽是个孩子，但干得很出色。
though/although/as的用法与区别：
单词 用法与区别
though though引导让步状语从句时，从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，用倒装语序时某些句子成分要提前
although although引导让步状语从句时，从句用正常语序
as as引导让步状语从句时，从句应用倒装语序，通常把状语或表语提前。若提前的是可数名词单数，要省略不定冠词
Patient though he was, he was unwilling to wait three hours.
他虽然有耐心，但也不愿意等三个小时。
[考点精练]　选词填空：although/though/as
① birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.
②Hot the night air was, we had a sound sleep because we were so tired after the long journey.
③—Why do people like pop music？I hate it so much.
—Even it is not your style，that doesn't mean it is bad.
Although/Though
as/though
though
完成句子
④他虽然年轻，但学识渊博。
, he is quite knowledgeable.
⑤虽然他还是个孩子，但他懂得一些电的知识。
，he knows something of electricity.
Although/Though he is young
Child as/though he is
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据中文提示写单词。
1．The question that he answers newsman is very (灵活的，敏捷的).
2．The hospital is on the eastward (成斜坡，斜坡) of the hill.
3．In another year, Wilma could manage a sort of (跳跃).
4．Young children learn how to speak by (模仿).
5．If others smile at us, we cannot (皱眉，板起面孔) back.
agile
slope
hop
imitation
frown
6．She was quite (呆板的，机械的) and unthinking in the way she ironed the shirts.
7．We have no (线索，提示) as to where she went after she left home.
8．In spring there are clusters of (紧紧地)packed flowers in the garden.
9．He was (拼命的，绝望的) for work to provide good education for his children.
10．Ask for a refund if the goods are (有缺陷的).
mechanical
clue
tightly
desperate
faulty
Ⅱ.选词填空
set out; go through; adjust to; point at; go wrong
1．When you're a crisis，it often helps to talk to someone.
2．Please correct my pronunciation if I ．
3．It was raining heavily but he early.
4．“That's the man who did it，” she said, me.
5．Astronauts in flight must weightlessness.(失重)　
going through
go wrong
set out
pointing at
adjust to

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