资源简介

(共26张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Using language
Unit 5 Learning from nature
复习：非谓语动词(1)
观察下面句子，体会黑体词所作的句子成分。
①It is natural to think in this way...
②Today，architects continue to explore ways to capture the beauty of natural forms...
③People whose interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore's ArtScience Museum.
④...it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.
⑤Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.
⑥To use biomimicry is to create structures based on natural forms and processes.
⑦Creating buildings such as these enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
[自主归纳]
1．以上句子中，句①和句⑥中的第一个不定式为不定式(短语)作 ，有时可以用 作形式主语，把不定式短语放在后面，如句①；句②中为不定式短语作 ；句④和句⑥中的第二个不定式为不定式短语作 。
2．句③中-ing分词短语作 ；句⑦中为-ing分词短语作 。
3．句⑤中为-ed分词作 。
主语
it
宾语
表语
主语
表语
表语
一、动词不定式的语法功能
1．动词不定式可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。
As the saying goes，“To see is to believe.”
俗话说：“眼见为实。”
The place he wanted to go is the Summer Palace.
他想去的地方是颐和园。
2．动词不定式作主语、宾语时需要注意的几个问题。
(1)动词不定式作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
It is right to give up smoking.
戒烟是对的。
(2)动词不定式作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把动词不定式放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。
I find it very interesting to study English.
我发现学英语很有趣。
(3)一些能直接带to的动词不定式结构的动词：agree、ask、choose、demand、decide、expect、fail、forget、 hope、help、learn、love、manage、offer、plan、prepare、 pretend、 promise、 refuse、 stop、 wish、 want等。
This weekend I'm free and therefore I want to go to the movies with you.
这个周末我有空，因此我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don't forget to turn off the light before you leave.
离开前别忘了关灯。
二、动词-ing分词的语法功能
(一)动词-ing分词作主语
1．动词-ing分词作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常置于句首。
Reading aloud is a good way to learn a language.
大声朗读是学习语言的一种好方法。
Wasting a person's time is the same as killing him for his property.
浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。
[名师点津]
(1)动词不定式作主语表示具体或一次性的动作。
To learn is one thing；to teach is another.
学是一回事，教是另外一回事。
(2)动词-ing分词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Climbing mountains is really difficult for the old like him.
对于像他那样的老人来说，爬山确实困难。
2．形式主语it代替动词-ing分词作主语，此类句式常见的有：
(1)It's a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间的。
(2)It's useless/worthwhile doing sth.做某事是没用/是值得的。
(3)It's no good/use/fun doing sth.做某事无益/没用/无乐趣。
It is no use waiting for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is a waste of time persuading him to join us.
劝说他加入我们是纯属浪费时间。
(二)动词-ing分词作宾语
1．作动词的宾语
常接动词-ing分词作宾语的动词有avoid、 miss、 postpone、 advise、 suggest、 finish、 practise、 enjoy、 imagine、 admit、 deny、 envy、 escape、 risk、 excuse、 stand、 keep、 mind等。
Would you mind opening the window
你介意打开窗户吗？
I don't like watching television but I enjoy listening to the radio.
我不喜欢看电视，但是喜欢听收音机。
It was obvious that he tried to avoid answering my questions.
很明显他试图对我的问题避而不答。
2．作动词短语的宾语
常见的跟动词-ing分词作宾语的动词短语有insist on、object to、 be good at、 be fond of、 lead to、 put off、 give up、look forward to、 feel like、 devote to、 get/be used to、 pay attention to等。
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
[名师点津]
(1)在有些动词的后面，如start、begin、continue等，既可接动词-ing形式也可接动词不定式作宾语，两者意义区别不大。
They continued working/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作，仿佛什么也没发生过。
(2)在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语指经常性的动作，用动词不定式作宾语指具体的一次动作。
He preferred staying in the house when it rained.
下雨时他宁愿待在家里。(用动词-ing形式作宾语，指每逢下雨天都待在家里)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon.
今天下午我宁愿留在家里。(用动词不定式作宾语，表示今天下午留在家里这一具体的动作)
(3)有些动词(短语)后跟动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语均可，但意义不同。如下表：
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
forget to do 忘记要做……
doing 忘记做过……
remember to do 记着要去做……
doing 记得做过……
regret to do 遗憾/抱歉要做……
doing 后悔做了……
动词(短语) 宾语的形式 意义
try to do 尽力做……
doing 尝试做……
mean to do 打算做……
doing 意味着……
go on to do 接着做(另外一件事)
doing 接着做(同一件事)
stop to do 停下来去做……
doing 停止做……
Please remember to give my best regards to your family.
请记着代我向你的家人问好。
I still remember visiting the museum for the first time.
我仍记得第一次参观博物馆的情景。
I meant to pay a visit to you the other day.
前几天我打算去拜访你。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
错过了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
(4)有些动词可接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于动词不定式的被动形式。如need/want/require/deserve doing＝need/want/require/
deserve to be done。
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
这辆自行车需要修理一下。
(三)动词-ing分词作表语
作表语的动词-ing分词包括现在分词和动名词两种。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词
变化而来的。常见的有amusing、astonishing、boring、encouraging、exciting、inspiring、interesting、moving、puzzling、surprising等，这类分词有“令人……的”的含义，常修饰物。
The argument is very convincing and we are all convinced of you.
这个论点很令人信服，我们都相信你。
I can tell you that your speech is very interesting and encouraging.
我可以告诉你，你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.＝Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
三、动词-ed分词的语法功能
动词-ed分词作表语
1．意义及用法：用在系动词后面，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
It seemed that she looked disappointed.
她似乎看上去很失望。
There's no doubt that we were encouraged at the news.
毫无疑问，听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．-ed分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态相同，但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较：
3．感觉类及物动词的-ing分词与-ed分词作表语的区别：英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其-ing分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；-ed分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。
We were surprised when he said the surprising news at the meeting.
当他在会上讲那则令人吃惊的新闻时，我们很是惊讶。
His words were discouraging，which made many people discouraged.
他的话令人泄气，很多人感到灰心丧气。
[名师点津]　
动词不定式和动词-ed分词都可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词-ed分词则表示被动、完成的含义。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We found difficult to finish the work on time.
2．We are looking forward to (hear)from Mr Li.
3．He succeeded in (persuade) her to do the job.
4．It is no use (keep) silent about such a matter.
5．As we joined a vast crowd gathered in the square，I got (lose) from my friends.
6．She wanted (see)which shop offered the best service.
it
hearing
persuading
keeping
lost
to see
7．He was (discourage) when he heard his mother's words.
8．The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
9．I regret (tell) you that my sister regrets (make) you her date.You are not the kind of person she wants.
10．While waiting for the opportunity to get (promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
discouraged
seated
to tell
making
promoted
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．我对昨晚看的电影感到很失望，我原以为它能更好些。
I at the film I saw last night.I had expected it to be better.
2．他脸上困惑的表情表明这个问题令人费解。
The puzzled expression on his face showed that ．
3．我们认为使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。
We feel it our duty ．
4．你不应该浪费时间，因为要弥补失去的时间是不可能的。
You shouldn't waste time because ．
was/felt disappointed
the question was puzzling
to make our country a better place
to make up for lost time is impossible

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