资源简介

(共63张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Developing ideas
Unit 6 Nature in words
难词注解
①stillness n．静止；安静
②speak of提起
③puzzled adj.困惑的；无法理解的
puzzle vt.迷惑，使困惑n.谜，智力游戏；[usually sing.]不解之谜，疑问
puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的
④feeding stations饲喂站
⑤backyard n．后院
难词注解
⑥desert vt. 废弃；抛弃；舍弃n.沙漠
[形近]dessert n．(饭后)甜点，甜食
⑦moribund adj.垂死的；奄奄一息的
⑧tremble vi.颤抖；发抖
⑨throb vi.生机勃勃；跳动
⑩chorus n．合唱曲
scores of很多；大量
score n．二十个；约二十个
难词注解
marsh n．沼泽；湿地
by profession以……为职；以……为业
the opening chapter第一章
the opening remarks开场白
fable n．寓言；寓言故事
aim to do sth.＝aim at doing sth.力争做到某事
be aimed at...针对……；对象是……；旨在……
难词注解
alert vt.提醒；使(某人)意识到
alert sb.to sth.使某人意识到某事
the scientific community科学界
the general public普通百姓；公众
damaging effects破坏性影响
knowingly adv.故意地
knowing adj.会意的；心照不宣的；知情的
a knowing smile会意的微笑
难词注解
cause harm to...对……造成伤害
urge sb.to do sth.敦促某人做某事
dozens of许多，很多
dozen number.一打；许多
thorough adj.仔细的；缜密的
precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的
alarming adj.使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的
alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的
难词注解
alarm vt.使惊恐；使担心n.惊恐，恐慌；[usually sing.]警报
environmental awareness环境意识
far-reaching adj.影响深远的；广泛的
milestone n．重要事件；重要阶段；转折点；里程碑
launch n．[usually sing.]推出；发起
posthumous adj.死后获得的
positively adv.绝对地；肯定地
strong adj.难以辩驳的；确凿的
难词注解
become a target for...成为……的攻击对象
a marine biologist海洋生物学家
marine adj.海洋的
marine life海洋生物
reputation n．名誉；声望
damage/ruin one's reputation
有损/毁坏某人的名声
stand by sth.坚持某事物或观点
难词注解
defend one's claims捍卫某人的主张
ring v. (优美的声音)回荡
difficult-to-understand难以理解的
elegance n．优美；简洁
elegant adj.优美的，文雅的；精美的；简洁的
deserve doing＝deserve to be done值得做……
passionate adj.热诚的
难词注解
小知识
总统自由勋章(Presidential Medal of Freedom)是美国最高荣誉的文职勋章，由美国总统一年一度颁发，与国会金质奖章并列为美国最高的平民荣誉。受奖者不一定是美国公民。总统自由勋章向在科学、文化、体育和社会活动等领域作出杰出贡献的平民百姓颁发。
教材原文
Silent Spring
There was a strange stillness①.The birds, for example—where had they gone？Many people spoke of②them, puzzled③and disturbed 1 .The feeding stations④in the backyards⑤were deserted⑥.The few birds seen anywhere 2 were moribund⑦；they trembled⑧ violently and could not fly.It was a spring without voices.On the mornings that had once throbbed⑨with the dawn chorus⑩of robins，catbirds，doves, jays，wrens，and scores of other bird voices 3 there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh .
教材原文
1 画线部分为两个形容词化的过去分词，在句子中作状语，描述主语的状态、特征。
2 画线部分为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰birds。
3 画线部分为关系词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词mornings。
Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession ，but these lines from the opening chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring, “A Fable for Tomorrow”，show her talent as a writer.By imagining a world without birds，she aimed to alert not only the scientific community but also the general public to the
教材原文
damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystems—in particular，to the harmful use of pesticides, such as DDT.She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants，animals and even humans，and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible，limited and carefully monitored way 4 .
4 画线部分为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，过去分词短语used in...way作宾语补足语；过去分词monitored作定语修饰way。
教材原文
Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation.Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies.The book details the gypsy moth eradication programme，which killed birds，in addition to gypsy moths.Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows，but not fire ants.The book also gives dozens of other examples of eradication programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve.The 50 or so pages at the end
教材原文
of the book list Carson's sources，showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist 5 .
5 画线部分为现在分词短语作状语，此处how thorough...scientist作宾语。
Carson's message was very alarming ，causing a great increase in environmental awareness 6 .Its impact was immediate and far-reaching ：the use of DDT was banned and the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)was established in the US.Silent Spring was therefore regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world.It also earned Carson
教材原文
a posthumous Presidential Medal of Freedom and put her face on the 17-cent US stamp.
6 画线部分为现在分词短语作结果状语。
Silent Spring was not，however，received positively by everyone.Though Carson's research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her work 7 ，the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry.They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist.Some
教材原文
also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carson's reputation and stop her work from influencing public policy，but she remained determined to stand by her research.Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims —and today，more than 50 years after it was published，the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.
7 画线部分为though引导的让步状语从句，从句中又包含一个who引导的定语从句。
教材原文
Personally，I enjoy Carson's book.She made a crucial but potentially difficult-to-understand subject interesting and accessible to millions of people 8 .This is not so much because of the quality of her arguments，strong though they are 9 ，but because of the beauty and elegance of her writing.Her book not only changed the world；half a century later it remains a book that deserves to be reread today，so that we can once again feel ourselves warm to the fire of its passionate message 10 . For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson's warning 11 ，
教材原文
one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
8 画线部分是“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构，形容词短语interesting and accessible to millions of people作宾语补足语。
9 画线部分为though引导的让步状语从句，此处使用了部分倒装结构。
10画线部分为so that引导的结果状语从句。
11 此处for作并列连词，表示因果关系；unless引导条件状语从句，从句中谓语用“do＋动词原形”的形式表示强调。
课文翻译
寂静的春天
这里有一种奇怪的寂静。比如，鸟儿都去哪里了？很多人提起它们，都感到困惑和不安。后院的饲喂站都荒废了。随便哪个地方可以看到的为数不多的几只鸟也气息奄奄，它们颤抖得很厉害，飞不起来了。这是一个没有声音的春天。这儿的清晨曾经荡漾着知更鸟、猫鹊、鸽子、松鸦和鹪鹩的合唱以及很多其他鸟鸣，生机勃勃，而现在已是毫无声息了，只有寂静笼罩着田野、树林和沼泽。
课文翻译
蕾切尔·卡森的职业是科学家，但在她于1962年出版的《寂静的春天》一书的第一章“明天的寓言”中的这些话，显示了她作为作家的才华。通过想象一个没有鸟类的世界，她力争不仅提醒科学界，更提醒公众人类活动对自然生态系统的破坏性影响，尤其是比如DDT等杀虫剂的有害使用。她认为化学工业在蓄意危害植物、动物甚至人类，并希望看到人们以一种更负责任、更受限制、监管更认真的方式使用杀虫剂。
卡森敦促人们认清这些事实，并对这些情况有所行动。《寂静的春天》包含了许多科学研究和案例研究。这本书详细介绍了消灭毒舞蛾计
课文翻译
划，这项计划除了杀死毒舞蛾，也杀死了鸟。另一个案例研究是杀死了奶牛但没有杀死火蚁的火蚁计划。这本书还给出了其他几十个对减少他们最初设计要解决的问题没有任何帮助的消灭计划。书末大约有50页列举了卡森的信息来源，证明她是一位多么细心且严谨的科学家。
卡森的信息非常令人警醒，极大地提高了人们的环境意识。它的影响立竿见影且深远：DDT被禁用，美国成立了环境保护署。《寂静的春天》因此被认为是西方世界开启绿色运动的一个里程碑。它也在卡森死
课文翻译
后为她赢得了总统自由勋章，并使得她的头像印在了17美分的美国邮票上。
然而，《寂静的春天》并没有得到所有人的肯定。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，看过她的作品的大多数科学家都支持她，但这本书很快成为杀虫剂行业批评家的攻击对象。他们说卡森根本不懂她观点背后的科学，因为她是一个海洋生物学家而不是一个化学家。也有一些人说她的作品感性多于科学。这些(言论)都试图损害卡森的声誉，阻止她的作品影响公共政策，但她仍然决心坚持她的研究。卡森公开亮相，在电视上捍
课文翻译
卫自己的言论——如今，在《寂静的春天》出版50多年后，这本书的呼声依然响亮、清晰。
就我个人而言，我喜欢卡森的书。她把一个重要但可能很难理解的主题变得有趣，并为数百万人所知晓。这与其说是因为她的论据很有说服力，倒不如说是因为她的文笔优美典雅。她的书不仅改变了世界，半个世纪以后的今天，它仍然是一本值得重读的书，以至于我们能再次被热诚的信息之火所温暖。因为，除非我们听从蕾切尔·卡森的警告，否则有一天我们可能在另一个奇怪、恐怖的寂静春天中醒来。
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．ban v．禁止，取缔 (过去式) (过去分词) (现在分词)
2． n．后院
3． adj.垂死的，奄奄一息的
4． v．生机勃勃；热闹
5． n．合唱曲
6． n．知更鸟
banned
banned
banning
backyard
moribund
throb
chorus
robin
7． n．猫鹊
8． n．鸽子
9． n．松鸦
10． n．鹪鹩(一种褐色小鸟)
11． n．沼泽，湿地
12． n．寓言
13． v．提醒，使(某人)意识到
14． adv.故意地
15． number 一打；许多
catbird
dove
jay
wren
marsh
fable
alert
knowingly
dozen
16． adj.仔细的；缜密的
17． adj.死后获得的
18． adj.海洋的
19． n．推出，发起
20． n．名誉，名望
21． n．钻石
22． v．颤抖，发抖n.颤抖，战栗
23．puzzled adj.困惑的，无法理解的→ adj.令人迷惑的，令人费解的→ v．使困惑n.谜
thorough
posthumous
marine
launch
reputation
diamond
tremble
puzzling
puzzle
24．precise adj.精确的；一丝不苟的→ adv.精确地；恰好→
n．准确，精确
25．elegance n．优美；简洁→ adj.高雅的；简练的
26．passionate adj.具有强烈信念的→ n．激情；热爱
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．target 攻击对象
2．urge 敦促做某事
3．a dozen 一打
4．as well 和……
precisely
precision
elegant
passion
for
to do
of
as
5．be regarded 视为，视作
6．aim 目标是
7．in the launch 开始从事，发起
8．look forward 期盼，期望
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．过去分词作状语，描述主语的特征
Many people spoke of them, ．
许多人说起他们，既困惑又不安。
as
to/at
of
to
puzzled and disturbed
2．unless引导的条件状语从句
For Rachel Carson's warning，one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
因为，除非我们听从蕾切尔·卡森的警告，否则有一天我们可能在另一个奇怪、恐怖的寂静春天中醒来。
unless we do listen to
Ⅳ.课文预读
1．Which work was regarded as a milestone in the launch of the green movement in the Western world
A．The Edge of the Sea.
B．Under the Sea Wind.
C．Silent Spring.
D．First Snow.
2．Why was Silent Spring so successful
A.Because it caused a great increase in environmental awareness.
B．Because the writer is very famous.
C．Because it reflects the realism.
D．Because the bird described is very nice.
3．What's the topic of Silent Spring
A．Love, hope and human
B．Nature, love and life
C．Environment, life and human
D．Environment, love and human
答案　1.C　2.A　3.C
注意中心句和前后句子之间的关系 1.看清中心句(即题眼)和前后句子之间的关系，是顺承还是转折关系。如果在这里设题，要把握中心句和前后句子之间的关系
2.如果是并列关系，可以从这些句子里找同义词
3.如果是转折关系，可通过转折关系句子里的关键词的相反意思作出判断
词汇精讲
1．ban vt.禁止
The film was banned in several countries.
这部电影在几个国家都禁止放映。
(1)ban sth.禁止……；取缔……
ban doing sth.禁止做某事
ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事
(2)ban n．禁令，禁止
impose/lift a ban (on sth.)颁布/解除(对……的)禁令
a ban on...一项……的禁令
He was banned from driving for three years.
他被禁驾三年。
There will be a total ban on smoking.
将出台完全禁烟令。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①He was (ban) from doing business in the US.
banned
②He says the proposals may include a ban drunk driving.
③The two passengers occupying seats were reported to have been banned from (take) trains for 180 days.
完成句子
④他们可以禁止发表不同的意见，但不同的意见仍然存在。
They may for different ideas, but the ideas will still be there.
on
taking
ban the expression
2．puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的
He looked at me with a puzzled expression.Maybe what I said was quite puzzling.
他一脸困惑地看着我，也许我说的话相当令人费解。
(1)be puzzled about对……感到困惑
(2)puzzle v．使困惑；使迷惑
puzzle over/about仔细琢磨；冥思苦想
(3)puzzle n．谜；难题
a puzzle to sb.对某人来说是个谜
(4)puzzlement n．迷惑；困惑
(5)puzzling adj.令人迷惑的；令人费解的
The deeper meaning of the poem remains a puzzle to the people today.
这首诗的深层含义对于今天的人们来说仍是个谜。
What puzzles Lily's friends is why she always has so many crazy ideas.
令莉莉的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。
He stared at the strange words in puzzlement.
他困惑地盯着这些陌生的单词。
His very last paintings are perhaps the most puzzling.
他的最后一批画作也许是最让人困惑的。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①People have long puzzled how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.
②The little girl looked at the host with a expression.The question was quite ．(puzzle)　
③How life began on Earth is one of the biggest (puzzle) that scientists found hard to solve.
over/about
puzzled
puzzling
puzzles
完成句子
④他脸上困惑的表情表明他正在苦苦思索这个让人苦恼的问题。
The suggested he was puzzling over the puzzling problem.
⑤令我不解的是，他为什么悄悄地离开了这个国家。
is why he left the country without telling anyone.
puzzled look on his face
What puzzles me
3．urge vt.促进；极力主张；驱策
Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join team sports.
家长应积极督促孩子利用这次机会加入团队运动。
(1)urge sb.to do sth.催促/力劝某人做某事
urge ＋ that从句(从句谓语用should do形式的虚拟语气，should可以省略)极力主张
urge sb.on鼓励；激励
(2)urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动
have/feel an urge to do sth.有做某事的冲动/欲望
(3)urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的
in urgent need of紧急需要……
(4)urgently adv.迫切地；紧急地
(5)urgency n．紧急；急迫
They urged on us the need for cooperation.
他们向我们强调合作的必要性。
The report urged that all children (should) be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁应该教会所有的儿童游泳。
I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before.
我以前从没有过学习任何手语的冲动。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①They urged us (give) our support.
②He was in (urge) need of medical attention.
③In order to improve learning efficiency，I urge that all of us
(form) the habit of thinking independently and reviewing lessons in time.
to give
urgent
(should) form
完成句子
④他力劝她要更加仔细地工作。
He urged that more carefully.
⑤我们迫切需要提高人们的环保意识。
It is urgent that people's awareness of environmental problem.
she (should) work
we (should) raise
4．aware adj.意识到的；了解的；觉察到的
In many cases, his questions made his students aware of their own errors.
在许多情况下，他的问题使他的学生们意识到他们自己的错误。
(1)be/become aware of知道；明白；意识到……
as far as I'm aware据我所知
make sb. aware that 提醒某人注意……
make sb. aware of/about...使某人意识到
(2)awareness n．意识
It is important that students develop an awareness of valuing parents' love.
重要的是学生们要养成懂得珍惜父母的爱的意识。
There still seems to be a lack of awareness about the threat the virus poses to humans and animals.
人们对病毒给人类和动物造成的威胁似乎缺乏认识。
So far as I am aware, very little work has been done on this subject.
据我所知，在这个主题上，几乎还没有任何建树。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Not all people are aware the various effects of global warming on Earth.
of
②The theme park was designed to show the excellent Chinese traditional culture and increase people's (aware) of loving the country.
完成句子
③这时，他意识到他们都在饶有兴趣地看着他。
Then he they were regarding him with interest.
④青春在我们不知不觉中逝去。
Youth passes away ．
awareness
became aware that
without our awareness
5．determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的；坚决的；坚定的
Being a determined person, Aunt Li wouldn't let anyone or any difficulty stop her.
李阿姨是个意志坚定的人，她绝对不会让任何人或者任何困难阻止她。
(1)be determined to do sth.决心做某事
(2)determine v．确定；决定
determine to do sth.决定做某事
determine that/who/what从句 决定……
(3)determination n．决心；毅力
He was determined to avoid the same mistake.
他决心不再犯同样的错误了。
I'm determined that I would study hard and make progress every day.
我下定决心要好好学习，天天向上。
Young graduates need to make a difficult choice that will determine their future directions.
年轻的大学毕业生们需要作出困难的抉择，而这一抉择将决定他们未来的方向。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①From his (determine) look, we can know his confidence.
determined
②This work needs long patience and (determine).
③Almost all job applicants are determined (leave) a good impression on a potential employer.
完成句子
④我们决定要更努力地学习。
We determined ．
⑤我们确定了明天应该做什么。
We determined tomorrow.
determination
to leave
to study harder
what we should do
6．deserve v．值得；应受(奖赏或惩罚)；应得
After all that hard work，you deserve a rest.
辛苦劳累了那么久，你该休息一下了。
deserve to do sth.值得做某事；应该做某事
sth./sb. deserves doing＝ sth./sb. deserves to be done某事/人值得被……
deserve＋that从句　值得……
deserve of... 应该受到某人(或团体)好的(或坏的)待遇
They certainly deserved to win that game.
他们当然应该赢得那场比赛。
He didn't really deserve (that) she should be so kind to him.
他确实不值得她对他那么好。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①If you do something good, you deserve (praise).
②I don't think his article deserves (read).
完成句子
③我工作努力，我认为我应该得到高薪。
I work hard and I think ．
④这些建议值得认真研究。
These proposals ．
praising/to be praised
reading/to be read
I deserve paying /to be paid well
deserve carefully studying
句型精析
1．Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed．
许多人说起他们，既困惑又不安。
puzzled and disturbed为形容词短语，在句中作状语，描述主语的特征。形容词在句中作状语，具有副词的功能。
(1)形容词(短语)作状语的用法结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。
(2)位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。
(3)作用：一般用于说明主语的状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随状况等。
The thief hid himself in the corner, afraid of being caught.
小偷躲在角落里，担心被人抓住。
Excited and overjoyed, the children rushed to the front.
孩子们又激动又欣喜地跑到了前面。
Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.
克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。
Surprised and happy, Tom stood up and accepted the prize.
汤姆既惊讶又高兴地站起来接受奖赏。
The girl was lying in bed, awake, listening to the wind outside the window.
这个女孩躺在床上，毫无睡意，听着窗外的风声。
[考点精练]　完成句子
①林涛很乐意接受这个建议，所以他就点头同意了。
Lin Tao, , nodded his agreement.
②这些苹果熟了，味道很甜。
, these apples are sweet.
③他们很热心，很愿意合作。
, they are quite cooperative.
④不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是到公园里散步。
, he took a walk in the park.
glad to accept the suggestion
Ripe
Enthusiastic
Wet or fine
2．For unless we do listen to Rachel Carson's warning, one day we may wake up to the strange and quiet horror of another silent spring.
因为，除非我们听从蕾切尔·卡森的警告，否则有一天我们可能在另一个奇怪、恐怖的寂静春天中醒来。
本句是主从复合句。for在此意为“因为，由于”，作并列连词；unless引导条件状语从句，从句中的do表示强调。
unless引导的条件状语从句
(1)unless 除非；如果不。若主句为一般将来时，那么unless引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时表示将来。即遵循“主将从现”的原则。
(2)unless引导的条件状语从句可与if...not引导的条件状语从句进行互换。
(3)unless引导的条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句的谓语中含有be动词的某种形式时，则可省略从句的主语和be动词。
I won't go to the party unless I'm invited.
除非我被邀请，否则我不会去参加晚会。
Unless it snows heavily, we will go to school as usual.
我们还是会照常去学校，除非下大雪。
You will miss the train unless you get up early.
如果你不早点起床，你就赶不上火车了。
He cannot see clearly unless he wears glasses.＝ He cannot see clearly if he doesn't wear glasses.
他不戴眼镜就看不清楚。
[考点精练]　单句语法填空
①Unless the weather (get) better，I will stay at home.
gets
②Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion he wants their support.
③ you can sleep well，you will lose the ability to focus，plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
完成句子
④如果不修理，这台机器将毫无用处。
, the machine will be of no use.
⑤如果不努力学习，你就不能通过考试。
, you will not pass the examination.
unless
Unless
Unless (the machine is) repaired
Unless you work harder
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据首字母或中文提示写单词。
1．Smoking might be totally in most buildings in big cities.
2．From his look，we can tell that he is not aware of the topic we are discussing.
3．His mouth became dry, his eyes widened, and he began to all over.
4．They had been to the possibility of further rises.
5．They an online activity in memory of their lost colleague.
banned
puzzled
tremble
alerted
launched
6．I want to serve as a volunteer of this international tennis competition because I'm really about tennis.
7．My parents helped me to plant a small tree in our (后院) when I was very small.
8．He told a (寓言) about a dog and a mouse, which appealed to the children very much.
9．He had made a (缜密的) investigation.No wonder he knew so much about it.
10．When he was still young, Ba Jin established his (名声) as one of China's greatest writers.
passionate
backyard
fable
thorough
reputation
Ⅱ.选词填空
filter into; as well as; be regarded as; aim to；in the launch of; look forward to
1．As she rightly pointed out, the illness can affect adults children.
2．Foreign influence began to the country.
3．I now going back to work as soon as possible.
4．Most of the team will be involved the new product.
5．This can a great achievement.
6．I be at the lake before dawn, so let's get moving.
as well as
filter into
look forward to
in the launch of
be regarded as
aim to

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