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词性从句
一．高考感知
1.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ____13____ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
2.（2024高考浙江1月卷） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
3. (2024全国高考甲卷) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
4.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.
二．精练模考
1．（2025·天津和平·二模）I will support ________ decides to take the lead in this project, as their success is important to us.
A．whatever B．whom C．whoever D．what
2．（2025·天津·二模）Volunteering in communities is ________ it takes to build a harmonious society.
A．whether B．where C．when D．what
3．（2025·天津·二模）Scientists are still uncertain ______ the mysterious radio signals are evidence of civilizations from outer space.
A．whether B．why C．how D．that
4．（2025·天津红桥·二模）Didn’t you ever think about ________ the English poem was about Understanding its theme is the most important thing.
A．that B．when C．how D．what
5．（2025·天津河东·二模）What is even more important is ______ the earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.
A．what B．as C．that D．which
6．（2025·天津·二模）Enlightened parents often afford their children freedom to choose ________ majors satisfy their kids’ curiosity in colleges.
A．whatever B．however C．no matter what D．no matter how
7．（2025·天津·二模）You can rely on it ________ the project is successfully completed ahead of schedule, the company will give each team member a generous bonus.
A．if B．that C．if that D．that if
8．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）What puzzled the archaeologists was ________ the ancient city had been abandoned so abruptly.
A．where B．how C．when D．why
9．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan.
A．which B．what C．whether D．that
10．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory.
A．that B．what C．how D．whether
11．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile.
A．what B．that C．which D．how
12．（23-24高三上·天津·月考）________ the whole family get together on the Moon Festival is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
A．What B．When C．How D．That
13．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu.
A．that B．which C．what D．when
14．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is ________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
A．why B．how C．where D．when
15．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it.
A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever
三．模拟真题
1． amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the world.
2．She was late for the meeting. That’s she missed some important information.
3． you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
4．The government has announced the news a new environmental protection policy will be carried out next month.
5．She expressed her wish she could volunteer to teach English in the remote mountain villages after graduation.
6．Before my trip to China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea difficulties I would encounter at the border control department.
7．The reason why she was praised by the teacher is she has made great progress in her English writing recently.
8．What we need to figure out first is we can get enough financial support for the charity project.
9．That’s companies are looking for people to help train AI programs.
10．This discovery also helps explain seals, which don’t face the same issue, lack these structures.
11．It affects an employee works.
12．Very heavy traffic on a highway, two small children were making life challenging for their parents. A teenager asked he could help.
13．One theory as to they choose the early morning to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like searching for food. Keeping their activity level low, they choose to sing instead.
14．Today, many people wonder electric cars are better than gasoline cars.
15．At that moment, I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world.
16．The online course teaches we can use appropriate gestures to show respect and bridge potential cultural gaps.
17． makes organic farming popular is that it produces healthy food without harmful chemicals.
18．Scientists have found clear evidence plants are connected through an underground fungal network.
19．After seemed a long time, he came to himself and managed to stand up.
20．You don’t want to convey the impression we’re not interested.
21．He always goes for a walk after supper except it snows.
22．I’m all wet under the rain. This is I forgot to bring an umbrella with me this afternoon.
23． excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology.
24．The company has decided to launch the product mainly in European markets. This is they need an adviser familiar with EU business rules.
25．The students were inspired by the scientist said and decided to work harder.
26．We discussed school activities can help us develop abilities beyond those taught in regular classes or not.
27．TranscribeGlass, on the other hand, can ensure clear communication even in challenging acoustic settings for the reason it can pick up audio from a distance, even from across a lecture hall.
28．Beauty and timelessness, these are model-actress and director Chang Chunxiao intends to convey through her ongoing Kunqu Opera-themed short documentary project.
29．In the past few years, the category has ballooned into a multibillion-yuan industry, fueled by busier lifestyles, advances in processing and official support that has turned began as a consumer trend into a strategic priority.
30．There is growing concern among parents their children might become overly dependent on digital devices for entertainment and information.
31．What truly defines a successful person is not merely their wealth or status, but they persistently pursue their goals and positively impact others.
32． makes seal carving fascinating is its attention to detail.
33．My friend’s belief hard work always pays off in the end has kept him going through many difficulties.
34．The undeniable fact AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives poses both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for modern society.
35． has a vivid imagination might be convinced of the existence of powerful supervillains (超级反派).
36．There is no doubt Chinese dramas have offered local viewers a window into Chinese people’s lives.
37．Word came 190 people had been killed in the Mumbai terror attacks, which astonished the whole world.
38． breaks the rule of respecting others’ inner qualities should be criticized.
39．She didn’t manage to finish the task on time. That is she lacked practical experience in this field.
40．Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on you think of your physical appearance.
41． English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
42．Money is not everything. This is the old saying “Money can’t buy happiness.” really means.
43．I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.
44．The company is investing in appears to be a promising new technology.
45．What really matters is how you live your life rather than you were born.
46．The true value of a university education lies not just in is written in the textbooks, but in students' discoveries through debate and independent research.
47． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the environmental and economic landscape for generations to come.
48．Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder the beauty of math can be found in literary works.
49．Once you know you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause.
50． we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.
四．语篇综合练
Passage 1
Many students wonder 1.______ they can improve their English efficiently. The truth is 2.______ there is no single magic method. However, 3.______ matters most is consistent practice. Experts suggest 4.______ learners should immerse themselves in the language as much as possible. This means 5.______ they need to read, listen, speak, and write every day. The reason 6.______ some people fail is 7.______ they give up too easily. They don't realize 8.______ important it is to be patient. In fact, 9.______ achieves success in language learning is often the one who keeps going despite difficulties. So remember: 10.______ you choose to learn, persistence is the key.
Passage 2
I still remember the day when I decided to learn a new language. It was not an easy decision because I had to figure out 1.______ language to choose and 2.______ I could fit study time into my busy schedule. After much thought, I chose Spanish, and I soon discovered 3.______ rewarding the journey would be.
At first, I was frustrated by 4.______ little progress I seemed to make. I doubted 5.______ I would ever be able to speak fluently. But my teacher kept telling me 6.______ I needed was patience and practice. She often said, “The secret to success is 7.______ you never give up.” Her words reminded me of 8.______ my mother always told me: “9.______ you are, learning is a lifelong process.”
Now, after two years of study, I can confidently say 10.______ learning Spanish has been one of the best decisions of my life. It has opened up a whole new world for me.
1．A．what　　B．which　　C．how　　D．why
2．A．that　　B．where　　C．when　　D．how
3．A．what　　B．how　　C．that　　D．which
4．A．what　　B．how　　C．so　　D．such
5．A．that　　B．whether　　C．if　　D．what
6．A．that　　B．what　　C．which　　D．how
7．A．because　　B．that　　C．what　　D．how
8．A．that　　B．what　　C．when　　D．why
9．A．Wherever　　B．Whatever　　C．Whoever　　D．However
10．A．what　　B．that　　C．why　　D．whether词性从句
一．高考感知
1.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ____13____ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest.
【13题详解】
考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。
2.（2024高考浙江1月卷） If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词what。故填what。
3. (2024全国高考甲卷) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ______________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
【答案】what
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。
4.（2023新高考II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is 42 they need an English trainer.
答案：why。
解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
二．精练模考
1．（2025·天津和平·二模）I will support ________ decides to take the lead in this project, as their success is important to us.
A．whatever B．whom C．whoever D．what
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：无论谁决定领导这个项目，我都会支持，因为他们的成功对我们很重要。动词support后接宾语从句。分析从句可知，从句缺少主语，且表示“无论谁”，所以用连接代词whoever。故选C。
2．（2025·天津·二模）Volunteering in communities is ________ it takes to build a harmonious society.
A．whether B．where C．when D．what
【答案】D
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：社区志愿服务是构建和谐社会所需要的。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少宾语，指代事情，连接词为what。故选D项。
3．（2025·天津·二模）Scientists are still uncertain ______ the mysterious radio signals are evidence of civilizations from outer space.
A．whether B．why C．how D．that
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：科学家们仍然不确定这些神秘的无线电信号是否是来自外太空文明的证据。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. how如何；D. that无实际意义。空处引导宾语从句，根据Scientists are still uncertain可知，此处表示不确定这些神秘的无线电信号是否是来自外太空文明的证据，whether符合语境。故选A。
4．（2025·天津红桥·二模）Didn’t you ever think about ________ the English poem was about Understanding its theme is the most important thing.
A．that B．when C．how D．what
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你难道从来没有想过这首英文诗是关于什么的吗？理解它的主题是至关重要的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中介词about后缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故选D。
5．（2025·天津河东·二模）What is even more important is ______ the earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.
A．what B．as C．that D．which
【答案】C
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：更重要的是，地球冷却下来，水开始出现在它的表面。分析句子可知，设空处引导表语从句，从句是一个完整的句子，不缺少任何成分，所以用从属连词“that”引导，只起连接作用，没有实际意义。故选C项。
6．（2025·天津·二模）Enlightened parents often afford their children freedom to choose ________ majors satisfy their kids’ curiosity in colleges.
A．whatever B．however C．no matter what D．no matter how
【答案】A
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：开明的父母往往会给予孩子自由，让他们在大学选择任何能满足自身好奇心的专业。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少定语，表示“无论什么”，需用连接词whatever引导。故选A。
7．（2025·天津·二模）You can rely on it ________ the project is successfully completed ahead of schedule, the company will give each team member a generous bonus.
A．if B．that C．if that D．that if
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句和条件状语从句。句意：你可以相信：如果项目提前成功完成，公司将给每位团队成员一笔丰厚的奖金。rely on it that…为固定句型，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中包含条件状语从句，需用if引导。故选D。
8．（2025·天津宝坻·二模）What puzzled the archaeologists was ________ the ancient city had been abandoned so abruptly.
A．where B．how C．when D．why
【答案】D
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：令考古学家困惑的是，这座古城为何会被如此突然地废弃。空格处引导表语从句，表示“为何，为什么”，用why引导表语从句。故选D。
9．（2024·天津·二模）Now that I have been determined to set up my own company, it doesn’t matter much ______ he is in favour of my plan.
A．which B．what C．whether D．that
【答案】C
【详解】考查连接词。句意：既然我已经决定要创办自己的公司，他是否支持我的计划并不重要。分析句子结构，it作形式主语，真正的主语是空格后的名词性从句，空格处应该用连词引导主语从句，表示“是否”的意思，故选C。
10．（2024·天津·二模）The scientist is conducting a research on __________ there is a relationship between sleep and memory.
A．that B．what C．how D．whether
【答案】D
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：这位科学家正在研究睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系。A. that(无意义)；B. what什么，……的事；C. how如何，怎样；D. whether是否。根据后文there is a relationship between sleep and memory可知，此处表示“有关睡眠和记忆之间是否存在关系的研究”，用whether引导。故选D。
11．（2024·天津河东·二模）In communicating with others, ________ works best of all, I suppose, is a smile.
A．what B．that C．which D．how
【答案】A
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在与他人交流时，我认为最有效的是微笑。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，结合句子结构可知，此处为连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语成分，意为“最有效的事情”。故选A项。
12．（23-24高三上·天津·月考）________ the whole family get together on the Moon Festival is deeply rooted in Chinese culture.
A．What B．When C．How D．That
【答案】D
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：全家人聚在一起过中秋节深深植根于中国文化。空处引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故选D。
13．（2024·天津·二模）I have come from Mr. Wang with a message ______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu.
A．that B．which C．what D．when
【答案】A
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我从王先生那里得知一个消息，他被邀请参加在成都举行的2023年世界智能制造大会。分析句子结构可知，“______ he was invited to attend the WISA 2023 held in Chengdu”是同位语从句，解释说明message的内容，且从句中不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导，that在同位语从句中不作成分，无词义，只起引导作用，且不可省略。故选A项。
14．（2024·天津·二模）What is most extraordinary about the complex structures of Maya civilization is ________ they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power.
A．why B．how C．where D．when
【答案】B
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：玛雅文明的复杂结构最不同寻常之处在于它们是如何在没有轮子、金属工具甚至动物力量的情况下建造的。设空处接在be动词后，连接表语从句，句中作方式状语，表示“如何”，故选B。
15．（2024·天津南开·二模）This ancient vase is very special and I will do _________ I can to restore it.
A．that B．which C．whatever D．whichever
【答案】C
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这个古代花瓶非常特别，我会尽我所能来修复它。do后接宾语从句，从句中can后省略了动词do，设空处需填宾语从句引导词，且在从句中作宾语表示内容，whatever“任何一切”符合题意。故选C。
三．模拟真题
1． amazed the child was not a new world, but the unnoticed music of the world.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使孩子惊讶的不是一个新的世界，而是世界上未被注意到的音乐。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
2．She was late for the meeting. That’s she missed some important information.
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她开会迟到了。这就是为什么她遗漏了一些重要的信息。表示“这是……的原因”句型为that's why...，强调“开会迟到是遗漏了会上一些重要信息的原因”，故填why。
3． you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你可以从蚂蚁哲学中学到的是：永不放弃，向前看，保持积极，尽你所能。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，句子表示“你可以从蚂蚁哲学中学到的东西”，因此空格处用what引导该从句。故填What。
4．The government has announced the news a new environmental protection policy will be carried out next month.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：政府已宣布消息：下个月将实施一项新的环境保护政策。本空引导同位语从句，说明news的内容，从句不缺少成分和含义，故用that引导。故填that。
5．She expressed her wish she could volunteer to teach English in the remote mountain villages after graduation.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句连接词。句意：她表达了毕业后想去偏远山村义务教英语的愿望。her wish是抽象名词，其后she could volunteer to teach English in the remote mountain villages after graduation”是对wish内容的具体解释说明，是同位语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，所以用that引导同位语从句。故填that。
6．Before my trip to China in April, I was quite nervous because I had no idea difficulties I would encounter at the border control department.
【答案】what
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：在四月份去中国旅行之前，我相当紧张，因为我不知道在边境管制部门会遇到什么困难。本空引导同位语从句，从句解释名词idea，作idea的同位语，表示“什么”，用what引导。故填what。
7．The reason why she was praised by the teacher is she has made great progress in her English writing recently.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：她受到老师表扬的原因是她最近在英语写作方面有了很大的进步。The reason why…is that………的原因是……，that引导表语从句。故填that。
8．What we need to figure out first is we can get enough financial support for the charity project.
【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：我们首先需要弄清楚的是，从哪里能为这个慈善项目获得足够的资金支持。这里的表语从句需要表达“从哪里获取资金”的含义，用where引导，故填where。
9．That’s companies are looking for people to help train AI programs.
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：这就是各公司正在寻找人员协助训练人工智能程序的原因。固定句式 That’s why...，表示“这就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。故填why。
10．This discovery also helps explain seals, which don’t face the same issue, lack these structures.
【答案】why
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这一发现也有助于解释，为什么不存在同类问题的海豹没有这些结构。动词explain后接宾语从句，连接词在从句中作原因状语，应用连接副词why“为什么”引导。故填why。
11．It affects an employee works.
【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：它影响员工如何工作。“affects”后接宾语从句，分析从句结构，从句主谓宾完整，根据语境，此处缺少方式状语，how表示“如何”，可引导宾语从句且在从句中作方式状语。故填how。
12．Very heavy traffic on a highway, two small children were making life challenging for their parents. A teenager asked he could help.
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：高速公路上车流量很大，两个小孩让他们父母的日子不好过。一个青少年问他是否能帮忙。分析句子结构，asked后接宾语从句，根据语境，此处表示“是否”，所以用whether或if引导宾语从句，在从句中不充当成分。故填whether/if。
13．One theory as to they choose the early morning to communicate these important messages is that the low visibility makes it hard to do other bird activities, like searching for food. Keeping their activity level low, they choose to sing instead.
【答案】why
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：关于它们为何选择在清晨传递这些重要信息的一种理论是：由于能见度低，它们难以进行其他鸟类活动，比如觅食。为了保持较低的活动水平，它们选择歌唱来传递信息。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。
14．Today, many people wonder electric cars are better than gasoline cars.
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：如今，很多人想知道电动汽车是否比汽油汽车更好。本空引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，用连接词whether/if引导。故填whether/if。
15．At that moment, I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world.
【答案】what
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：在那一刻，我所目睹的是一个母亲的爱能以美丽的方式传播到整个世界。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“……的东西”，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填what。
16．The online course teaches we can use appropriate gestures to show respect and bridge potential cultural gaps.
【答案】how
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这门在线课程会讲解如何通过恰当的手势来表达尊重，并消除可能存在的文化差异。引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，故填how。
17． makes organic farming popular is that it produces healthy food without harmful chemicals.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：有机农业之所以受欢迎，是因为它能生产出无有害化学物质的健康食品。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what。位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
18．Scientists have found clear evidence plants are connected through an underground fungal network.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家们已经找到了确凿的证据，证明植物之间是通过地下真菌网络相互连接的。此处为同位语从句，说明evidence的内容，从句不缺少成分或句意。故填that。
19．After seemed a long time, he came to himself and managed to stand up.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在似乎很长一段时间过后，他才清醒过来，勉强站了起来。句中After为介词，此空引导名词性从句作宾语。该宾语从句中缺少主语，且指代“某种情况/时间”，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。
20．You don’t want to convey the impression we’re not interested.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：你不想给人留下我们不感兴趣的印象。此处引导同位语从句，用来解释说明名词impression的内容，从句不缺少任何成分和意义，应用无任何意义只起连接作用的that引导，故填that。
21．He always goes for a walk after supper except it snows.
【答案】when
【详解】考查连接词。句意：除了下雪的时候，他晚饭后总是去散步。根据except的用法，其后常接连词when引导的宾语从句，表示“除了在……时候”，此处表“除了下雪的时候”。故填when。
22．I’m all wet under the rain. This is I forgot to bring an umbrella with me this afternoon.
【答案】because
【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：我在雨里全身都湿了。这是因为今天下午我忘了带伞。this is because...是固定句式，because引导表语从句，用来引出事情的原因，故填because。
23． excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with technology.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我感到兴奋的是，如今的年轻人都是数字公民，能够自如地运用科技。分析句子可知，“____ excites me the most”是主语从句，且从句中缺少主语，意为“……的事物”，此空应是what，句首单词首字母应大写。故填What。
24．The company has decided to launch the product mainly in European markets. This is they need an adviser familiar with EU business rules.
【答案】why
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：这家公司决定主要在欧洲市场推出这款产品。这就是为什么他们需要一名熟悉欧盟商业法规的顾问。空处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中作原因状语，应用连接副词why引导，说明这件事带来的结果，且This is why…为固定句型，意为“这就是……的原因”。故填why。
25．The students were inspired by the scientist said and decided to work harder.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：学生们被这位科学家所说的话鼓舞了，决定更加努力学习。介词by后是宾语从句，从句中said缺少宾语，结合句意，表示“……的话/内容”，应用连接代词what引导该宾语从句。故填what。
26．We discussed school activities can help us develop abilities beyond those taught in regular classes or not.
【答案】whether
【详解】考查宾语从句连接词。句意：我们讨论了学校活动是否能帮助我们培养超出常规课程所教的能力。此处为连词引导的宾语从句作discuss的宾语，根据“or not”可知，此处应为whether...or not意为“是否”。故填whether。
27．TranscribeGlass, on the other hand, can ensure clear communication even in challenging acoustic settings for the reason it can pick up audio from a distance, even from across a lecture hall.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：另一方面，TranscribeGlass可以确保在具有挑战性的声学环境中也能进行清晰的通信，因为它可以从远处拾取音频，甚至可以从讲堂的另一端拾取音频。for the reason that...是固定句型，意为“因为，由于”，that引导同位语从句，解释说明reason的具体内容。故填that。
28．Beauty and timelessness, these are model-actress and director Chang Chunxiao intends to convey through her ongoing Kunqu Opera-themed short documentary project.
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句引导词。句意：美丽与永恒，这些正是模特、演员兼导演常春晓想要通过她正在进行的昆曲主题短纪录片项目所传达的东西。what引导表语从句，在从句中作convey的宾语，指代常春晓想要传达的内容。故填what。
29．In the past few years, the category has ballooned into a multibillion-yuan industry, fueled by busier lifestyles, advances in processing and official support that has turned began as a consumer trend into a strategic priority.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在过去几年里，由于生活方式愈发忙碌、加工技术进步以及官方支持，这一类别已迅速发展成一个价值数十亿元的产业，官方支持将原本始于消费趋势的事物转变为了战略重点。分析句子可知，“____ began as a consumer trend”是宾语从句，作has turned的宾语，且该宾语从句缺少主语，指事物，应用what。故填what。
30．There is growing concern among parents their children might become overly dependent on digital devices for entertainment and information.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：家长们日益担忧他们的孩子可能会过度依赖数码设备来获取娱乐和信息。引导同位语从句，解释抽象名词concern (担忧)的具体内容。从句结构完整，不缺成分，且为陈述事实，故用仅起连接作用、无实义的that。故填that。
31．What truly defines a successful person is not merely their wealth or status, but they persistently pursue their goals and positively impact others.
【答案】that
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：真正定义一个成功人士的，不仅仅是其财富或地位，而在于他们能执着追求目标并对他人产生积极影响。引导表语从句，解释主句主语“What truly defines a successful person”的具体内涵。从句结构完整，不缺成分，且句意陈述一个事实，故用纯粹连接作用的that。故填that。
32． makes seal carving fascinating is its attention to detail.
【答案】What
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：篆刻之所以迷人，关键在于它对细节的极致追求。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，用what，首字母大写。故填What。
33．My friend’s belief hard work always pays off in the end has kept him going through many difficulties.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：我朋友坚信努力终有回报，这个信念支撑他渡过了许多难关。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明belief的内容，从句结构、意义完整，应用that引导，that在这里不作任何句子成分 (既不是主语，也不是宾语等)，它只起到引导从句和表明从句与belief是解释说明关系的作用。故填 that。
34．The undeniable fact AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives poses both unprecedented opportunities and challenges for modern society.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：无可否认的事实——人工智能已深刻改变了我们的日常生活——给现代社会带来了前所未有的机遇和挑战。空格后的部分AI has profoundly transformed our daily lives是同位语从句，对名词fact的内容进行解释说明，从句意义完整，且不缺成分，所以用连词that引导从句。故填that。
35． has a vivid imagination might be convinced of the existence of powerful supervillains (超级反派).
【答案】Whoever
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：只要一个人有着丰富的想象力，就可能会坚信存在着实力强大的反派角色。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，且表示“任何有丰富想象力的人”，故用whoever。句首单词首字母大写。故填Whoever。
36．There is no doubt Chinese dramas have offered local viewers a window into Chinese people’s lives.
【答案】that
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：毫无疑问，中国戏剧为当地观众提供了一个了解中国人生活的窗口。There is no doubt that...为固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”，that引导同位语从句，对名词doubt进行解释说明，从句意义完整，且不缺成分，所以用that引导从句。故填that。
37．Word came 190 people had been killed in the Mumbai terror attacks, which astonished the whole world.
【答案】that
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：有消息称，190人在孟买恐怖袭击中丧生，这震惊了全世界。分析句子可知，Word在句中意为“消息”，是不可数名词。空格后的句子“190 people had been killed…”是对 Word“消息”的具体内容进行解释说明，所以这是一个同位语从句。因为从句结构完整，不缺主语、宾语或其他成分，且句意完整，所以使用只起连接作用、无实际意义的连接词that引导。故填that。
38． breaks the rule of respecting others’ inner qualities should be criticized.
【答案】Whoever
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任何违反尊重他人内在品质这一原则的人都应受到批评。分析句子可知，“________ breaks the rule of respecting others' inner qualities”是一个主语从句，作整个句子的主语。设空处在从句中作主语，且表示“任何……的人”，应填入连接代词whoever，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whoever。
39．She didn’t manage to finish the task on time. That is she lacked practical experience in this field.
【答案】because
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：她未能按时完成这项任务。这是因为她在这一领域缺乏实践经验。that is because表示“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。故填because。
40．Standards of beauty in the media can have a big influence on you think of your physical appearance.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：媒体对美的标准会对你对自己外表的看法产生很大的影响。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
41． English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.
【答案】That
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：英语被接受为国际语言是一个事实。“English is being accepted as an international language”为主语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，用that引导，句首首字母应大写。故填That。
42．Money is not everything. This is the old saying “Money can’t buy happiness.” really means.
【答案】what
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：金钱并非万能。这正是那句老话“金钱买不到幸福”的真正含义。空处引导表语从句，在句中作动词means的宾语，应用连接代词what。故填what。
43．I found to my satisfaction that my balance and flexibility slowly improved, I was able to do more difficult moves, and that my love for tai chi returned stronger than ever.
【答案】that
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我满意地发现，我的平衡和柔韧性慢慢地提高了，我能够做更多困难的动作，我对太极的热爱比以往任何时候都更强烈。分析句子可知，这是一个包含三个并列宾语从句的复合句，结构为：I found to my satisfaction that..., that..., and that...。主句谓语是 found，三个that引导的从句均为found的宾语，用于陈述作者“满意地发现”的三件事。当多个that引导的宾语从句并列时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的that不能省略。故填that。
44．The company is investing in appears to be a promising new technology.
【答案】what
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：该公司正在投资一项看起来很有前途的新技术。空处引导宾语从句作介词in的宾语，从句中缺少主语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what。
45．What really matters is how you live your life rather than you were born.
【答案】where
【详解】考查表语从句。句意：真正重要的是你如何度过自己的人生，而非你出生在哪里。引导表语从句，从句缺少地点状语，故填where。
46．The true value of a university education lies not just in is written in the textbooks, but in students' discoveries through debate and independent research.
【答案】what
【详解】考查名词性从句引导词。句意：大学教育的真正价值不仅在于课本里写的知识，更在于学生通过辩论和独立研究获得的发现。in后是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示“课本里写的内容”，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
47． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the environmental and economic landscape for generations to come.
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论我们现在投资可再生能源，还是继续依赖化石燃料，都将对子孙后代的环境和经济格局产生深远影响。空处引导主语从句，从句成分完整，引导词表示“是否”，结合“or”可知，此处为whether…or…，意为“无论……还是……”，需用whether引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。
48．Math and literature are probably two of the subjects that bring students headaches. However, scientists wonder the beauty of math can be found in literary works.
【答案】whether/if
【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：数学和文学可能是两门让学生头疼的学科。然而，科学家们想知道数学的美是否能在文学作品中找到。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺成分，但缺少“是否”之意，应用连接词whether/if来引导。故填whether/if。
49．Once you know you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause.
【答案】why
【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：一旦你明白了自己为什么会生气，就有可能找到解决问题的办法了。设空处引导宾语从句作know的宾语，从句缺少原因状语，用why引导。故填why。
50． we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China.
【答案】Whether
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在中国，我们是否应该扶起跌倒的老人仍然是一个热门话题。表示“是否……”，应用固定句型whether...or not，whether引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。
四．语篇综合练
Passage 1
Many students wonder 1.______ they can improve their English efficiently. The truth is 2.______ there is no single magic method. However, 3.______ matters most is consistent practice. Experts suggest 4.______ learners should immerse themselves in the language as much as possible. This means 5.______ they need to read, listen, speak, and write every day. The reason 6.______ some people fail is 7.______ they give up too easily. They don't realize 8.______ important it is to be patient. In fact, 9.______ achieves success in language learning is often the one who keeps going despite difficulties. So remember: 10.______ you choose to learn, persistence is the key.
【答案】
1．how　2．that　3．what　4．that　5．that　6．why　7．that　8．how　9．whoever　10．whatever
【解析】
1．考查宾语从句。句意：许多学生想知道如何才能有效地提高英语。wonder后接宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，故填how。
2．考查表语从句。句意：事实是没有单一的魔法方法。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
3．考查主语从句。句意：然而，最重要的是持续不断的练习。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“……的事情”，故填what。
4．考查宾语从句。句意：专家建议学习者应该尽可能多地沉浸在语言环境中。suggest后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
5．考查宾语从句。句意：这意味着他们需要每天读、听、说、写。means后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
6．考查定语从句。句意：一些人失败的原因是放弃得太容易。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在从句中作原因状语，故填why。此处不是名词性从句，但可作为综合练习的一部分。
7．考查表语从句。句意：一些人失败的原因是放弃得太容易。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故填that。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：他们没有意识到耐心有多么重要。realize后接宾语从句，修饰important，表示“多么”，故填how。
9．考查主语从句。句意：事实上，在语言学习中获得成功的往往是那个不顾困难坚持走下去的人。空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论谁”，故填whoever。
10．考查让步状语从句。句意：所以记住：无论你选择什么方式学习，坚持是关键。此处为让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，故填whatever。
Passage 2
I still remember the day when I decided to learn a new language. It was not an easy decision because I had to figure out 1.______ language to choose and 2.______ I could fit study time into my busy schedule. After much thought, I chose Spanish, and I soon discovered 3.______ rewarding the journey would be.
At first, I was frustrated by 4.______ little progress I seemed to make. I doubted 5.______ I would ever be able to speak fluently. But my teacher kept telling me 6.______ I needed was patience and practice. She often said, “The secret to success is 7.______ you never give up.” Her words reminded me of 8.______ my mother always told me: “9.______ you are, learning is a lifelong process.”
Now, after two years of study, I can confidently say 10.______ learning Spanish has been one of the best decisions of my life. It has opened up a whole new world for me.
1．A．what　　B．which　　C．how　　D．why
2．A．that　　B．where　　C．when　　D．how
3．A．what　　B．how　　C．that　　D．which
4．A．what　　B．how　　C．so　　D．such
5．A．that　　B．whether　　C．if　　D．what
6．A．that　　B．what　　C．which　　D．how
7．A．because　　B．that　　C．what　　D．how
8．A．that　　B．what　　C．when　　D．why
9．A．Wherever　　B．Whatever　　C．Whoever　　D．However
10．A．what　　B．that　　C．why　　D．whether
【答案】
1．B　2．D　3．B　4．B　5．B　6．B　7．B　8．B　9．A　10．B
【解析】
1．考查宾语从句。句意：这不是一个容易的决定，因为我必须弄清楚选择哪门语言以及如何将学习时间安排进我繁忙的日程中。空处引导宾语从句，修饰名词language，表示“哪一门”，且有选择范围，故用which。
2．考查宾语从句。句意同上。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，故用how。
3．考查宾语从句。句意：经过深思熟虑，我选择了西班牙语，我很快发现这段旅程将是多么有益。空处引导宾语从句，修饰形容词rewarding，表示“多么”，故用how。
4．考查宾语从句。句意：起初，我对自己似乎取得的进步之少感到沮丧。空处引导宾语从句，修饰名词progress，构成感叹句结构，表示“多么少的”，故用what。what little progress意为“多么少的进步”。
5．考查宾语从句。句意：我怀疑我是否能流利地说。doubt后接宾语从句，表示“是否”，在肯定句中用whether或if。故用whether。
6．考查宾语从句。句意：但我的老师一直告诉我，我需要的是耐心和练习。空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作needed的宾语，表示“……的东西”，故用what。
7．考查表语从句。句意：成功的秘诀是你永不放弃。空处引导表语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：她的话让我想起了妈妈总是告诉我的事情：“无论你在哪里，学习都是一个终身的过程。”空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作told的宾语，表示“……的事情”，故用what。
9．考查让步状语从句。句意同上。空处引导让步状语从句，从句缺少地点状语，表示“无论在哪里”，故用Wherever。
10．考查宾语从句。句意：现在，经过两年的学习，我可以自信地说，学习西班牙语是我一生中最好的决定之一。空处引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that，常可省略。

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