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三模前训练阅读四选一
【试题解析】
【2026·江苏南通等苏北七市第二次模拟】
B
Aurora Nikula, 5, is having a normal day at her nursery. She is making a cake out of sand and mud, adding in make-believe carrots, potatoes and meat. Aki Sinkkonen, a scientist, is watching. He’s also very interested in Aurora’s cake, but for different reasons. “Perfect,” he says, admiring the way she is mixing soil, sand and leaves and then putting it on her face. “She’s really getting her hands in it.”
To a hygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten, this could be a problem, but at Humpula daycare centre in Helsinki, children are encouraged to increase their contact with the microscopic(显微的)biodiversity. This kindergarten was included in a two-year study looking at how biodiversity enhancements affect the microbial composition of children’s skin and saliva.
The staff dug up and installed a giant live carpet of forest floor. The plants, dead wood and soil in the daycare centre were specially selected for their rich micro-biodiversity. Children grow carrots, potatoes and cucumbers, harvesting and cooking what they plant. When winter approaches, the crops fade — but the outdoor adventures do not.
A year later, it found that children who were in contact with nature had a lower probability of catching an illness resulting from disorders in the immune system. The results support the “old friends” hypothesis(假设)that humans evolved alongside microbes in air, plants and soil. The body can exchange useful microbes with the natural world to stay healthy. Without contact with these organisms — through soil, plants, and air — immune function can become overactive, leading to disease.
The kindergartens provide evidence of just how crucial healthy ecosystems are to human health. As biodiversity, habitats and wild species are lost around the planet, there is huge potential harm for human wellbeing. Increasing on site biodiversity can be a win-win for children’s health and the environment.
Based on that, the University of Sheffield has done research on installing green barriers around school playgrounds to prevent air pollution from harming children’s health. Hunter’s Bar infant school in Sheffield created a 70-metre-long fence of plants that wraps around the playground. Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)concentrations in the playground were reduced by 13% six months after planting, and further decreases are expected as the fence matures.
24. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Guided hands-on practice. B. Kids’ exposure to dirt and mud.
C. Delicious homemade food for kids. D. The diversity of species in nurseries.
25. What did the staff at Humpula daycare centre do
A. Rewild their kindergarten. B. Grow a forest in the backyard.
C. Expand forest education among kids. D. Introduce kids to sustainable farming.
26. Why does nature contact reduce people’s chance of getting sick
A. It uplifts their mood. B. It enhances co-evolution.
C. It removes harmful microbes. D. It balances their immune system.
27. Why does the author mention the Sheffield study
A. To advocate for green schools.
B. To give direction for further research.
C. To promote healthy growth in school children.
D. To show an application of the research finding.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了赫尔辛基一所幼儿园让孩子接触泥土与自然生物多样性的实践，研究表明这能平衡免疫系统、保护健康，并延伸应用到校园绿色防护设施。
24. 词义猜测题(代词的指代)。根据第一段“She is making a cake out of sand and mud, adding in make-believe carrots, potatoes and meat.(她正在用沙子和泥做蛋糕，里面加上假装的胡萝卜、土豆和肉)”和第二段“To a hygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten, this could be a problem, but at Humpula daycare centre in Helsinki, children are encouraged to increase their contact with the microscopic(显微的)biodiversity.(在注重卫生的幼儿园里，这可能是个问题，但在赫尔辛基的洪普拉日托中心，却鼓励孩子们增加与微生物多样性的接触)”可知，this指代孩子们接触泥土、泥沙的行为，故选B。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The staff dug up and installed a giant live carpet of forest floor. The plants, dead wood and soil in the daycare centre were specially selected for their rich micro-biodiversity.(工作人员铺设了一大片鲜活的森林地表层。日托中心里的植物、枯木和土壤都因丰富的微生物多样性而被精心挑选)”可知，工作人员对幼儿园进行了自然野化改造，故选A。
26. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Without contact with these organisms — through soil, plants, and air — immune function can become overactive, leading to disease.(如果不通过土壤、植物和空气接触这些微生物，免疫功能就会变得过于活跃，从而引发疾病)”可知，接触自然可以平衡免疫系统，降低患病几率，故选D。
27. 推理判断题。根据第五段“The kindergartens provide evidence of just how crucial healthy ecosystems are to human health. As biodiversity, habitats and wild species are lost around the planet, there is huge potential harm for human wellbeing. Increasing on site biodiversity can be a win-win for children’s health and the environment.(这些幼儿园恰恰证明了健康的生态系统对人类健康至关重要。随着全球生物多样性、栖息地和野生物种不断消失，人类福祉面临巨大潜在威胁。提升校园内的生物多样性，对儿童健康和环境而言是双赢之举)”和第六段“Based on that, the University of Sheffield has done research on installing green barriers around school playgrounds to prevent air pollution from harming children’s health.(基于这一研究结果，谢菲尔德大学开展了在学校操场周围安装绿色屏障以防止空气污染危害儿童健康的研究)”可知，作者提及谢菲尔德的研究是为了展示前文研究成果的实际应用，故选D。
C
Fancy letting a machine mediate(调解)your argument It could be the latest application for AI. Scientists at Google’s DeepMind project designed what they call the Habermas Machine, a large language AI named after German philosopher Jürgen Habermas.
The system works by taking written views of individuals within a group and using them to generate a set of group statements designed to be acceptable to all. Group members can then rate these statements. The most popular statement is then returned to participants to assess. Next, the AI mediation system generates revised statements, which participants again rate. The system then selects the winning statement.
The team used the system in a series of experiments involving a total of more than 5,000 participants who responded to various topics. The researchers found the initial group statement from the Habermas Machine was preferred by participants 56% of the time over a group statement produced by human mediators.
Part of the model’s success, researchers say, lies in its determination to give special weight to dissenting opinion. It was not the case that participants always switched opinion to support the majority view. Rather than siding with the majority, it allowed minority voices to feel heard.
The AI mediation system “offers a new approach to collective deliberation(审议)that avoids some of the limitations of in-person deliberation, including its cost, limited scale, the potential for mediator bias.” the researchers conclude. However, the AI mediation process may lack some of the benefits of in-person discussion, they write, such as “nonverbal clues and the opportunity to build interpersonal relationships with other discussants.” Machine seldom offers participants the chance to explain their feelings.
In addition, the researchers note that the AI mediation system could generate an ill-informed output if asked to synthesize(合成)human opinions that are based on limited or biased information. Thus, the researchers conclude that if their system is used in the real world, it should be “embedded in a larger deliberative process, including careful selection of participants to ensure that a balanced and diverse community is represented in the debate.”
28. What is Habermas Machine aimed at
A. Simplifying rating system. B. Facilitating greater agreement.
C. Managing interpersonal conflict. D. Honouring the German philosopher.
29. What does the underlined word “dissenting” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Informed. B. Novel. C. Differing. D. Decisive.
30. What may be the disadvantage of the AI-mediated discussions
A. They lack shared collective wisdom.
B. They raise participants’ opportunity cost.
C. They fail to tap into participants’ potential.
D. They rarely promote empathy among participants.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Risks of AI mediation. B. Future AI developments.
C. Tips on AI mediation use. D. Ethical concerns about AI.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. D 31. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了谷歌DeepMind项目科学家设计的哈贝马斯机器这一AI调解系统如何促进群体共识及其优缺点。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The system works by taking written views of individuals within a group and using them to generate a set of group statements designed to be acceptable to all.(该系统的工作原理是收集群体中个人的书面观点，并用它们生成一组旨在被所有人接受的群体陈述)”可知，哈贝马斯机器的目的是促进达成更大的共识，故选B。
29. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Part of the model’s success, researchers say, lies in its determination to give special weight to dissenting opinion. It was not the case that participants always switched opinion to support the majority view. Rather than siding with the majority, it allowed minority voices to feel heard.(研究人员表示，该模型之所以成功，部分原因在于它格外重视dissenting意见。参与者并不会总是改变立场去附和多数人的观点。该系统不会偏袒多数派，反而能让少数群体的声音得到倾听)”可知，该模型的成功在于它重视不同的意见，因此dissenting意为“不同的”，与Differing意思一致，故选C。
30. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, the AI mediation process may lack some of the benefits of in-person discussion, they write, such as “nonverbal clues and the opportunity to build interpersonal relationships with other discussants.” Machine seldom offers participants the chance to explain their feelings.(然而，他们写道，人工智能调解过程可能缺乏一些面对面讨论的好处，比如“非语言线索以及与其他讨论者建立人际关系的机会。”机器很少给参与者解释自己感受的机会)”可知，人工智能调解的缺点是很少能促进参与者之间的共情，故选D。
31. 主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“In addition, the researchers note that the AI mediation system could generate an ill-informed output if asked to synthesize(合成)human opinions that are based on limited or biased information. Thus, the researchers conclude that if their system is used in the real world, it should be “embedded in a larger deliberative process, including careful selection of participants to ensure that a balanced and diverse community is represented in the debate.”(此外，研究人员还提到，如果要求该系统整合基于片面或有偏见信息形成的公众观点，它可能会产出缺乏充分依据的结果。因此研究人员得出结论：若要将该系统投入现实应用，应当 “将其纳入更完善的审议流程，包括精心筛选参与者，确保辩论中能够体现均衡且多元的群体”)”可知，本段主要讲人工智能调解在实际使用中的注意事项，故选C。
D
A girl who turns up to school dressed head-to-toe in pink will probably pass unnoticed. If a boy does the same, he will inevitably face stares. Even the most non-traditional parent would think twice about exposing their son to that.
Children start paying attention to gender differences much earlier than some parents realize, according to psychologist Christia Brown, “Society emphasizes that gender is important really early in a kid’s life,” she says. “We label it a lot in our language — we use gender as nouns all the time. So we frequently say ‘oh, there’s that girl’ or ‘come on boys, let’s go get in the car.’” Research suggests children’s recognition of gender is more due to adults pointing it out than any inborn awareness of it.
Gendered toys credit certain types of skills and strengths to one gender or the other. So, when a child only plays with toys marketed for their gender, they learn a certain set of skills but do not engage as much in other types of learning. This can lead to imbalanced development in boys and girls as they grow older.
The biggest concern around buying gendered toys is that they can impact how children see themselves. Gendered representation imposes(强加于)society’s ideas of what they should like and do instead of letting them choose for themselves what their interests and hobbies are. This can have influence on what that child decides to study in school and ultimately choose as a career.
Many retailers have made real progress over the last few years, dropping gender labels in stores and online — a new research shows a 70% decrease in the use of online gender navigation options since 2012 — but there’s still work to do to challenge the stereotyped(老一套的)ways that toys are often packaged and promoted.
Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children’s bikes. There would still be dress-up dolls and monster toy trucks in that world, but instead of being just pink or blue, they would come in every color of the rainbow. Toy choices should be based on kids’ personal interests, and not on their gender.
32. What does Christia Brown say about gender differences
A. They are probably unnoticed. B. They are socially constructed.
C. They are biologically determined. D. They are universally acknowledged.
33. What aspects of children are negatively affected by gendered toys
A. Their academic performance. B. Their interpersonal relationship.
C. Their behaviours and attitudes. D. Their physical strength and fitness.
34. What should we put efforts to change
A. How the toys are marketed. B. Where the toys are sold.
C. When the toys are rolled out. D. Who the toys are targeted at.
35. What do the researchers expect of future toys
A. They should be colourful. B. They should be gender-neutral.
C. They should cater to kids’ tastes. D. They should cover wider categories.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了性别化玩具对儿童发展的负面影响及未来玩具应去性别化的期望。
32. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Research suggests children’s recognition of gender is more due to adults pointing it out than any inborn awareness of it.(研究表明，孩子对性别的认知更多源于成年人的刻意强调，而非天生就有这种意识)”可知，Christia Brown认为性别差异是社会构建的，故选B。
33. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The biggest concern around buying gendered toys is that they can impact how children see themselves. Gendered representation imposes(强加于)society’s ideas of what they should like and do instead of letting them choose for themselves what their interests and hobbies are. This can have influence on what that child decides to study in school and ultimately choose as a career.(购买性别化玩具最大的担忧是，它们会影响孩子对自己的看法。性别化的表现强加了社会对他们应该喜欢和做什么的看法，而不是让他们自己选择自己的兴趣爱好。这可能会影响孩子在学校选择学习的内容，并最终影响他们选择的职业)”可知，性别化玩具对孩子的行为和态度产生负面影响，故选C。
34. 细节理解题。根据第五段中“but there’s still work to do to challenge the stereotyped(老一套的)ways that toys are often packaged and promoted.(但是，要挑战玩具通常的包装和推广方式中的刻板印象，仍有许多工作要做)”可知，我们应该努力改变玩具的营销方式，故选A。
35. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children’s bikes.(研究人员希望有一天，玩具不再按性别分类，而是按类型分类，比如拼图玩具、娃娃或儿童自行车)”可知，研究人员期望未来的玩具应该是性别中立的，故选B。
【答题情况分析】
近1.2万份样本统计数据
语 篇 难度系数 小题序号及得分率
B 0.85 24题 25题 26题 27题
86% 51% 67% 64%
C 0.65 28题 29题 30题 31题
50% 57% 62% 36%
D 0.73 32题 33题 34题 35题
72% 69% 48% 33%
从得分率看，高于65%的有4题(24、26、32和33题)；等于或低于50%的也有4题(28、31、34和35题)，难易度平衡恰到好处。现分语篇将三篇阅读理解的各小题干扰项分析如下：
B篇
小题序号 得分率 干扰项分析
24 86% A. Guided hands-on practice.(有指导的动手实践) 文中未提及“guided(有指导)”，也不是“this”所指代的内容。 C. Delicious homemade food for kids.(给孩子的美味自制食物) 孩子做的是泥巴蛋糕，并非真的食物。 D. The diversity of species in nurseries.(托儿所里的物种多样性) 这是幼儿园鼓励的做法，不是被传统幼儿园视为问题的对象。
25 51% B. Grow a forest in the backyard.(在后院种一片森林) 文中是“forest floor(森林地表层)”，并非真正种植整片森林。 C. Expand forest education among kids.(在孩子中推广森林教育) 文章侧重环境改造，未提及 “推广森林教育”。 D. Introduce kids to sustainable farming.(向孩子介绍可持续农业) 孩子种植蔬菜只是活动之一，并非核心做法。
26 67% A. It uplifts their mood.(提升情绪) 文中未提及情绪与健康的关系。 B. It enhances co-evolution.(促进共同进化) “co-evolution”是“old friends hypothesis”的背景，不是直接预防疾病的原因。 C. It removes harmful microbes.(清除有害微生物) 原文是交换有益微生物、平衡免疫，并非“清除有害菌”。
27 64% A. To advocate for green schools.(倡导绿色学校) 写作目的不是单纯倡导绿色校园，而是展示研究成果的应用。 B. To give direction for further research.(为进一步研究指明方向) 该研究是已有成果的应用，并非指导未来研究方向。 C. To promote healthy growth in school children.(促进学生健康成长) 这是研究的效果，不是作者举例的目的。
C篇
小题序号 得分率 干扰项分析
28 50% A. Simplifying rating system.(简化评分系统) 评分只是流程步骤，不是系统设计之目的。 C. Managing interpersonal conflict.(处理人际冲突) 文中是调解群体观点分歧、达成共识，并非广义的“人际矛盾管理”。 D. Honouring the German philosopher.(纪念这位德国哲学家) 只是以他命名，并非其设计的目的。
29 57% A. Informed.(见多识广的、基于信息的)与“少数/不同意见”无关。 B. Novel.(新颖的)文中强调“与多数不同”，没有强调“新奇”。 D. Decisive.(决定性的)文中无“重要、决定性”含义。
30 62% A. They lack shared collective wisdom.(缺乏集体智慧) 原文恰恰说明AI能整合观点形成共识，与文意相反。 B. They raise participants’ opportunity cost.(提高机会成本) 原文说 AI 避免了线下审议的成本问题，此项完全相反。 C. They fail to tap into participants’ potential.(无法挖掘参与者潜力) 文中未提及“潜力、潜能”。
31 36% A. Risks of AI mediation. (AI调解的风险) 风险只是引入部分，整段重心是“如何正确使用”，并非只讲风险。 B. Future AI developments.(AI未来发展) 文中未谈到“技术升级和未来方向”的问题。 D. Ethical concerns about AI.(AI的伦理担忧) 文中未涉及道德、伦理争议，只谈使用条件与注意事项。
D篇
小题序号 得分率 干扰项分析
32 72% A. They are probably unnoticed.(很可能不被注意) 与原文相反，社会很早就反复强调性别。 C. They are biologically determined.(由生理决定) 原文明确否定“天生、本能”。 D. They are universally acknowledged.(被普遍认可) 文中未讨论“是否被公认”。
33 69% A. Their academic performance.(学业成绩) 文中只说影响“选什么专业”，未提及成绩好坏。 B. Their interpersonal relationship.(人际关系) 全文未涉及交友、相处问题。 D. Their physical strength and fitness.(体力与健康) 文中讲的是心理、认知、选择，与身体发育无关”。
34 48% B. Where the toys are sold.(销售地点) 文中未提售卖地点。 C. When the toys are rolled out.(上市时间) 文中完全未涉及时间。 D. Who the toys are targeted at.(目标人群) 文章反对按性别划分目标人群，但核心要改的是营销方式，不是简单换人群。
35 33% A. They should be colourful.(色彩丰富) “彩虹色”只是举例，核心是去性别化。 C. They should cater to kids’ tastes.(迎合孩子们的口味) 表述太宽泛，未点出“不按性别划分”这一核心。 D. They should cover wider categories.(品类更丰富) 文中是按类型重新分类，不是增加种类。
三模前复习建议(补偿训练)
一、立足基础，精准突破薄弱环节
针对考生信息定位不准、核心概括能力薄弱等问题，复习中应着力帮助其夯实词义理解与信息提取能力，强化词汇在具体语境中的解读。同时，针对信息定位模糊、概括片面等现象开展针对性基础专项训练，提升信息筛选与归纳的精准度，切实减少基础题型失分。
二、聚焦逻辑，强化思维能力培养
针对考生逻辑推理与篇章结构分析能力不足、易混淆逻辑关系及事物本质的问题，复习中应加强逻辑信号词识别与语境推断训练，引导考生理清文本内在逻辑。同时，指导学生实现从细节归纳到抽象提炼的思维进阶，提升辩证分析能力，避免陷入片面化、表面化的答题误区。
三、主旨先行，提升整体阅读理解力
针对考生在主旨与观点类题目中失分严重、易受细节干扰的问题，复习中应引导其树立 “主旨先行” 意识，快速抓取段落与全文核心，准确区分主次信息。同时，强化主旨提炼与作者意图推断训练，帮助学生立足全篇把握文本核心，提升深层阅读理解能力。
四、突出重点，强化体裁与题型训练
复习中应紧扣说明文、议论文等重点体裁，强化文本结构梳理与行文脉络把握；聚焦推理判断题等核心题型，引导学生立足文本合理推断，杜绝主观臆断。结合高频错题开展分层、限时、变式训练，实现靶向突破与高效提分。
(题目序号按照高考英语真题的CD篇排序)
1
(2026·陕西西安·三模)For many older generations, a fancy office and a promotion used to mean you were successful. Moving up the career ladder was the dream, and each step higher brought more respect, more recognition and more money.
But for young people today, things look very different. Rather than focusing on promotions or job titles, Gen Z — usually defined as those born between 1997 and 2012 — is focusing on stability, security and balance, a trend called “career minimalism.”
A survey from jobs website Glassdoor found that 68% of Gen Z workers aren’t interested in management roles unless they come with extra pay or a meaningful title. For them, becoming a boss is no longer the ultimate goal — having a safe, reliable job is. And rather than company jobs, more and more young people are choosing to work in health care, education, government and skilled trades.
There are several reasons for this shift in attitude. Mass layoffs in tech and finance have shown young workers how quickly jobs can disappear, and the rise of AI has created anxiety about which roles will survive in the future. What’s more, climbing the career ladder often meant giving up evenings, weekends, and even personal health. And with burnout on the rise, the old idea of “work harder, climb faster” feels unsustainable. Instead, Gen Z is drawn to stable, essential jobs that offer security in ways corporate roles often can’t.
This isn’t to say they aren’t ambitious, though. According to the Glassdoor survey, more than half have a “side hustle(副业),” whether it’s freelance(自由职业的)work, a small business, or creative projects. And for many, these aren’t just extra jobs, but a way to express themselves and find meaning beyond the office. Their main job may cover the bills, but the side hustle brings passion, freedom and purpose.
“I always joke that I don’t dream of labor,” one Glassdoor Community member said. “If people were truly passionate about their job, it wouldn’t pay anything. Passion is for your 5 — 9 after the 9 — 5.”
28. What does “career minimalism” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Focusing on promotions and job titles. B. Valuing stability and a balanced work-life.
C. Choosing high-paying corporate jobs. D. Seeking management roles with extra income.
29. Why do many Gen Z workers avoid company jobs
A. They prefer freelance work as their main job.
B. They are not interested in extra pay from corporate jobs.
C. Company jobs often emphasize management roles.
D. Company jobs lack stability and may cause burnout.
30. What can we learn about Gen Z’s “side hustle” from the text
A. It is just a way to earn extra money.
B. It mostly consists of creative projects.
C. It makes them less focused on their main job.
D. It helps release their enthusiasm for life beyond main jobs.
31. What is the function of the joke in the last paragraph
A. To show Gen Z’s dislike for physical work.
B. To explain why Gen Z values side hustles over main jobs.
C. To prove Gen Z prefers 5 — 9 free time to 9 — 5 work.
D. To illustrate Gen Z’s view on passion and full-time work.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. D 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对比了老一代与Z世代的职业观差异，点明Z世代“职业极简主义”的趋势——更关注工作稳定、安全与平衡，并分析了该趋势的原因，指出Z世代通过副业追求个人价值与激情。
28. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Rather than focusing on promotions or job titles, Gen Z — usually defined as those born between 1997 and 2012 — is focusing on stability, security and balance, a trend called “career minimalism.”(Z世代——通常被定义为在1997年至2012年之间出生的人——不再关注晋升或职位，而是关注稳定、安全和平衡，这种趋势被称为“职业极简主义”)”可知，“职业极简主义”指的是更重视工作的稳定性和工作与生活的平衡，故选B。
29. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“What’s more, climbing the career ladder often meant giving up evenings, weekends, and even personal health. And with burnout on the rise, the old idea of “work harder, climb faster” feels unsustainable. Instead, Gen Z is drawn to stable, essential jobs that offer security in ways corporate roles often can’t.(更重要的是，攀登职业阶梯往往意味着放弃夜晚、周末，甚至个人健康。随着职业倦怠的上升，“更努力地工作，爬得更快”的旧观念似乎难以为继。相反，Z世代被稳定、重要的工作所吸引，这些工作提供的安全感是企业角色通常无法提供的)”可知，许多Z世代工作者回避公司职位，是因为这些工作缺乏稳定性，并可能导致职业倦怠，故选D。
30. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“And for many, these aren’t just extra jobs, but a way to express themselves and find meaning beyond the office. Their main job may cover the bills, but the side hustle brings passion, freedom and purpose.(对许多人来说，这些不仅仅是额外的工作，而是一种表达自己的方式，找到办公室之外的意义。他们的主要工作可能会支付账单，但副业带来激情、自由和目标)”可知，副业对Z世代而言，远不止是赚外快，更是实现激情、自由和目标的重要途径。由此可知，Z世代的“副业”帮助他们释放了对主业之外生活的热情，故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中该成员所说的话“I always joke that I don’t dream of labor(我总是开玩笑说我不梦想劳动)”和“If people were truly passionate about their job, it wouldn’t pay anything. Passion is for your 5 — 9 after the 9 — 5.(如果人们真的对自己的工作充满热情，那就不会有任何报酬。激情是你朝九晚五之后的五点到九点)”可知，这个笑话巧妙地表明Z世代将全职工作视为满足经济需求的工具，将激情寄托于工作之外的“副业”或生活。由此可知，其作用是阐明Z世代对于激情和全职工作的看法，故选D。
2
(2026·湖南常德·二模)In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的)clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now.
The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling.
Melting permafrost(永久冻土)causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed.
Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club(SAC)spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction.
“Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.”
28. Why were huts massively built in the Alps
A. To accommodate local staff. B. To mark the first major peaks.
C. To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D. To serve as shelters for alpine clubs.
29. What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2
A. Drying. B. Breaking. C. Freezing. D. Stabilizing.
30. What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4
A. The trouble in maintaining huts. B. The struggle for government aid.
C. The urgency of building new huts. D. The necessity of financial budgets.
31. What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest
A. A careful plan to make huts attractive. B. Possible direction for hut adaptation.
C. A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D. Constant reflection on climate change.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化引发冰川消融、地基不稳等问题，导致阿尔卑斯山区登山小屋面临安全隐患、维护成本飙升与资金短缺的困境，相关机构呼吁改造小屋并建立新资金模式以应对危机。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As alpine clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism.(19 世纪五六十年代，欧洲阿尔卑斯山俱乐部兴起，登山者首次登顶阿尔卑斯山脉各大高峰，阿尔卑斯攀登黄金时代催生了一批小屋，为新型探险旅游提供支持)”可知，大规模修建小屋是为了满足探险者的需求，故选C。
29. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling.(因此，小屋下方的地面以及支撑小屋的步道正变得愈发不稳定。加之建筑老化，小屋地基正在crumbling)”可知，冰川融化让小屋地基所在的地面变得不稳定，加上建筑本身老化，小屋的地基正在“碎裂、坍塌”，划线词crumbling意为“崩塌、破损”，与Breaking意思一致，故选B。
30. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club(SAC)spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough”. The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million.(维护成本正在飙升。瑞士阿尔卑斯山俱乐部每年花费880万美元修缮小屋，却坦言资金不足；地方政府预算紧张；奥地利登山协会2024年申请1亿美元政府援助，仅获批300万美元)” 可知，第四段中首句点明主旨：维护小屋成本飞涨，随后列举了瑞士阿尔卑斯俱乐部每年维修费用高达880万美元且资金不足、奥地利阿尔卑斯协会申请1亿美元政府援助仅获300万美元等数据，旨在说明小屋维护面临资金短缺、困难重重的现状，故选A。
31. 细节理解题。 根据最后一段中““Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads.Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.(‘气候变化迫使我们重新思考我们的观念，’SAC Huts 2050报告写道：‘我们的小屋需要进行改造，以便在未来保持安全和吸引力。这不仅关系到建筑结构安全，还关系到在不断变化的条件下继续使山地运动成为可能。’)”可知，气候变化迫使人们重新思考小屋的运营，小屋需要调整适配新环境，才能保证未来安全可用，这份报告给出了小屋改造调整的发展方向，故选B。
3
(2026·重庆·二模)Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic(美感)and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.
The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive(易冲动的)purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon.
This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological(神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.
The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.
28. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A. To analyse reasons. B. To make a comparison.
C. To lead in the topic. D. To present viewpoints.
29. What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3
A. An attempt to escape stress from one’s work.
B. A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life.
C. A rush to show off one’s wealth.
D. A biological urge to seek novelty.
30. What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean
A. Unrealistic. B. Uncontrollable. C. Adaptable. D. Casual.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. When One New Thing Changes Everything
B. The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony
C. How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase
D. The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以生活化案例切入，结合历史典故、神经科学与心理学分析，系统解析“狄德罗效应”这一普遍心理现象。
28. 推理判断题。第一段通过Elaine购买镜子后重新布置卧室的具体事例，引出“This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”，从而自然过渡到文章主题——狄德罗效应。这种以具体故事开头的写法是为了引入话题，故选C。
29. 细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our ‘pleasure chemical’ that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.(当我们寻求新事物时，大脑会释放更多多巴胺，这种物质常被称为“快乐化学物质”，它会驱动欲望。所以，当你开始为闪亮的新物品搭配周边事物时感受到的冲动，不仅仅是审美需求，更是大脑化学反应的结果。我们生来就渴望新奇事物)”可知，狄德罗效应的动机是寻求新奇事物的生理冲动，故选D。
30. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.(但如果这种感觉开始变得compulsive，就很难摆脱这个循环。你会不断地追求下一次升级)”可知，如果这种感觉变得“compulsive”，就会难以逃脱循环，不断追求下一次升级，暗示失去控制的状态。因此“compulsive”意为“无法控制的”，与Uncontrollable意义一致，故选B。
31. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.(你有没有过这样的经历：家里更新了一件东西，突然发现自己有一长串想要做的改变？这种现象被称为狄德罗效应)”可知，文章主要讲一件新事物如何引发连锁变化，即狄德罗效应。A项“When One New Thing Changes Everything(当一件新事物改变一切)”准确概括了这一核心内容，既形象又全面，故选A。
4
(2026·四川泸州·二模)One of the world’s biggest tech companies could see AI slowing its roll after the new report exposed just how careless and alarmingly inaccurate the technology in its current form can really be. If you’re thinking AI is a fast track to handing in your homework, you might want to think again.
A striking report from Apple questions AI’s reliability and potential. Researchers tested large reasoning models used in platforms like DeepSeek and Claude and large language models(the basis of ChatGPT). Both performed poorly in complex tasks, though language models did better in simple ones. Notably, reasoning models “reduced their effort” when tasks got too challenging, which the report called “particularly concerning”.
Problems with these models aren’t new. OpenAI claimed its o3 and o4-mini models were its “smartest,” but researchers found o3 was wrong 51% of the time, and o4-mini 79%. Apple stopped its AI-powered news alerts after major mistakes, such as a false claim about tennis star Rafael Nadal and an early announcement of a darts championship winner. The BBC found 51% of AI answers on news had “significant issues”, with 19% of those involving its content being factually wrong, and 13% of quotes from its stories altered or made up. A Chicago newspaper once published an AI-generated summer reading guide with non-existent books, and a Dublin Halloween parade advertised online was fake. Google’s AI also gave odd suggestions like adding glue to pizza.
Experts like Dr. Niousha Shafibady note expecting AI to be a “magic wand” is wrong. AI fails in complex tasks due to algorithms’(算法的)essential characteristics — they may lose logical reasoning, miss data patterns, or waste resources on wrong solutions.
While companies say AI is improving, experts disagree. A survey by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence found 60% of respondents don’t think AI’s accuracy and trustworthiness issues will be solved soon. Its president, Francesca Rossi, stressed the need to develop AI responsibly, ensuring it supports humanity and matches human values.
28. What is one problem of reasoning models according to Apple’s report
A. They can refuse simple assignments.
B. They can put less energy into hard work.
C. They can weaken language model functions.
D. They can cause mistakes in platform operations.
29. Why are the Chicago newspaper and Dublin parade mentioned
A. To show misinformation of AI. B. To give suggestions on AI errors.
C. To prove the output ability of AI. D. To blame media for fake AI contents.
30. What does “magic wand” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to
A. A special data tool. B. A real magic stick.
C. An essential language model. D. A perfect problem-solver.
31. What can we learn from the passage
A. Experts are satisfied with AI’s improvement.
B. Companies will slow developing AI for its reliability.
C. People should be cautious using AI for accurate tasks.
D. Most respondents are confident about AI’s humanity.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. D 31. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了苹果报告揭示人工智能存在不可靠和不准确问题，专家提醒人们
使用时要谨慎。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Notably, reasoning models “reduced their effort” when tasks got too challenging, which the report called “particularly concerning”.(值得注意的是，当任务变得极具挑战性时，推理模型会“减少努力”，报告称这“尤其令人担忧”)”可知，推理模型的问题是在困难任务上投入的精力更少，故选B。
29. 推理判断题。根据第三段“A Chicago newspaper once published an AI-generated summer reading guide with non-existent books, and a Dublin Halloween parade advertised online was fake.(芝加哥一家报纸曾刊登了一份由人工智能生成的夏季阅读指南，其中包含不存在的书籍，而都柏林网上宣传的万圣节游行也是假的)”可知，提到芝加哥报纸和都柏林游行是为了展示人工智能的错误信息，故选A。
30. 词义猜测题。根据第四段“Experts like Dr. Niousha Shafibady note expecting AI to be a “magic wand” is wrong. AI fails in complex tasks due to algorithms’(算法的)essential characteristics — they may lose logical reasoning, miss data patterns, or waste resources on wrong solutions.(像Niousha Shafibady博士这样的专家指出，期望人工智能成为“magic wand”是错误的。由于算法的基本特性，人工智能在复杂任务中会失败——它们可能会失去逻辑推理能力，错过数据模式，或者在错误的解决方案上浪费资源)”可知，这里说期望人工智能成为“magic wand”是错误的，说明“magic wand”指一种完美的能解决问题的东西，故选D。
31. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“While companies say AI is improving, experts disagree. A survey by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence found 60% of respondents don’t think AI’s accuracy and trustworthiness issues will be solved soon.(虽然公司表示人工智能正在改进，但专家们并不认同。美国人工智能促进协会的一项调查发现，60%的受访者认为人工智能的准确性和可信度问题不会很快得到解决)”可知，人们在使用人工智能进行准确任务时应该谨慎，故选C。
5
(2026·四川·二模)People have become used to living with AI fairly quickly, which has changed the way many of us communicate or deal with information. It has also led to serious concerns about jobs. Surely mass unemployment is coming soon
But economic data tell a different story: EU unemployment is at a historical low of around 6%, half the level of ten years ago; the UK’s is even lower at 5.1%, roughly the level of the fast-growing early 2000s; that of the US is lower still at 4.4%. Jobs remain plentiful because technology creates new types of jobs.
But yes, AI will take away some jobs. A third of Americans worry they will lose theirs to AI, and many of them will be right. Since the industrial revolution, a wave of innovations has fueled extraordinary exponential economic growth. However, AI, like the computer, the internet, or the railways, is a slow revolution. And just as there has been no immediate AI boom when it comes to economic growth, there is no immediate change in employment. What we see instead are largely firms using AI as an excuse for standard job-cutting exercises. This then leads to a different question about how AI will affect the meaning of our jobs.
Another question raised by AI is whether it will reduce or increase the inequality between workers. At first, many thought that allowing everyone to use an AI assistant with skills in processing information or clear communication would decrease earning inequality. But other recent research found the opposite, with highly skilled businessmen gaining the most from using AI support. One reason for this is that taking advice is a skill in itself. In my own research with colleagues, we found that giving chess players top-quality advice does little to close the gap between the best and the worst because lower-ability players were less likely to follow high-quality advice. And perhaps that’s the biggest risk AI brings: that some people may benefit from it much more than others.
28. What do the economic data show
A. Mass unemployment is coming soon.
B. EU unemployment is higher than America’s.
C. Technology has cut job opportunities sharply.
D. The UK’s unemployment matches the 1990s level.
29. What does the underlined word “exponential” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Rapid. B. Steady. C. Irregular. D. Unbalanced.
30. What can we infer about companies’ job cuts
A. They result from AI’s direct influence.
B. They are often done under the excuse of AI.
C. They make jobs more meaningful for workers.
D. They cause an immediate employment change.
31. How does the author develop his idea in the last paragraph
A. By quoting authoritative figures in the field.
B. By analyzing the cause and effect of inequality.
C. By explaining why people disagree with each other.
D. By presenting contrasting views and providing examples.
【答案】28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨人工智能对就业的影响及带来的不平等问题，反驳了大规模失业的担忧。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But economic data tell a different story: EU unemployment is at a historical low of around 6%, half the level of ten years ago; the UK’s is even lower at 5.1%, roughly the level of the fast-growing early 2000s; that of the US is lower still at 4.4%.(但经济数据却讲述了一个不同的故事：欧盟失业率处于约6%的历史低点，是十年前水平的一半；英国的失业率更低，为5.1%，大致相当于21世纪初快速增长时期的水平；美国的失业率则更低，为4.4%)”可知，欧盟失业率(6%)高于美国失业率(4.4%)，故选B。
29. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Since the industrial revolution, a wave of innovations has fueled extraordinary exponential economic growth.(自工业革命以来，一波创新浪潮推动了非凡的exponential 指数级经济增长)”可知，创新浪潮会推动经济快速发展，由此猜测，exponential意为“快速的”，与rapid同义，故选A。
30. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What we see instead are largely firms using AI as an excuse for standard job-cutting exercises.(相反，我们看到的主要是企业以人工智能为借口进行标准的裁员活动)”可知，企业的裁员往往是以人工智能为借口进行的，故选B。
31. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“At first, many thought that allowing everyone to use an AI assistant with skills in processing information or clear communication would decrease earning inequality. But other recent research found the opposite, with highly skilled businessmen gaining the most from using AI support.(起初，许多人认为，让每个人都使用具备信息处理或清晰沟通技能的人工智能助手会减少收入不平等。但最近的其他研究却发现了相反的情况，高技能商人从使用人工智能支持中获益最多)”以及后文“In my own research with colleagues, we found that giving chess players top-quality advice does little to close the gap between the best and the worst because lower-ability players were less likely to follow high-quality advice.(在我自己与同事的研究中，我们发现给棋手提供高质量的建议并不能缩小最优秀和最差棋手之间的差距，因为能力较低的棋手不太可能遵循高质量的建议)”可知，作者通过呈现相反的观点并举例来展开段落，故选D。
6
(2026·陕西铜川·二模)Dreams can indeed be emotional and sometimes scary. But dreams can be enjoyable, too — maybe you’ve had a dream so delightful that you were disappointed to wake up and realize it wasn’t reality.
Are the images in your dreams in vivid color Perhaps you had a dream about playing Candy Crush and can remember the brightly colored red, purple and yellow candies falling like a cascade(瀑布)in your dream.
As a neuroscientist who studies sleep, I can tell you that about 70% to 80% of people report dreaming in color, as opposed to those whose dreams are just in shades of black and white. But this estimate may be low, because scientists can’t actually see what a dreamer sees. There’s no advanced technology showing them exactly what’s happening in a dreamer’s mind. Instead, they have to rely on what dreamers remember about their dreams.
To study dreams, researchers ask people to sleep in laboratories, and they simply wake them while they’re dreaming and then ask them what they were just thinking about. It’s pretty simple science, but it works.
How do scientists know when people are dreaming Although dreams can occur in any sleep stage, research has long shown that dreams are most likely to occur during rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep.
Scientists can identify REM by the electrical activity on your scalp(头皮)and your eye movements. They do this by using an electroencephalogram, which uses several small electrodes(电极)placed directly on the scalp to measure brain activity. During REM sleep, the dreamer’s eyes move back and forth repeatedly. This likely means they’re scanning — that is, looking around in their dream.
That’s when dream researchers wake up their participants. Dreams are really tricky to study because they disappear so quickly. So instead of asking participants to remember a dream — even one they were having a moment ago — we ask them what they were just “thinking”. Dreamers don’t have time to think or reflect; they just respond — before the dream is lost.
32. Why is the game Candy Crush mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To provide an example. B. To present a method.
C. To introduce a new topic. D. To make a comparison.
33. What’s the author’s view on current dream studies
A. They tend to overestimate the rate of colored dreams.
B. They should be conducted in a natural environment.
C. They’re in need of help from traditional methods.
D. They are largely based on dreamers’ recall.
34. What kind of role does REM sleep play in the scientists’ study of dreaming
A. A memory test. B. An emotion measure.
C. A wake-up signal. D. A dream stimulator.
35. Why do researchers ask participants what they were “thinking” instead of what they were “dreaming”
A. Participants are easily confused by technical terms.
B. They want to get faster and more direct answers.
C. They have to give clues to get accurate answers.
D. Dreaming and thinking are more or less the same.
【答案】32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了梦境的色彩特征、科学家研究梦境的方法、快速眼动睡眠(REM)在研究中的作用以及研究过程中获取数据的技巧。
32. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Are the images in your dreams in vivid color Perhaps you had a dream about playing Candy Crush and can remember the brightly colored red, purple and yellow candies falling like a cascade(瀑布)in your dream.(你梦中的画面有着鲜艳的色彩吗？也许你做过一个关于玩《糖果传奇》的梦，还能记得梦里那些色彩鲜艳的红色、紫色和黄色糖果像瀑布一样落下)”可知，作者提出“梦境是否色彩鲜明”的问题后，随即以《糖果传奇》游戏的梦境为例，具体阐释了色彩鲜明的梦境是什么样的，故选A。
33. 细节理解题。根据第三段“There’s no advanced technology showing them exactly what’s happening in a dreamer’s mind. Instead, they have to rely on what dreamers remember about their dreams.(没有先进的技术能准确地向他们展示做梦者的脑海里正在发生什么。相反，他们必须依赖做梦者对自己梦境的记忆)”可知，科学家对梦境的研究很大程度上只能依赖做梦者对梦境的回忆，故选D。
34. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Although dreams can occur in any sleep stage, research has long shown that dreams are most likely to occur during rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep.(尽管梦境可以在任何睡眠阶段出现，但长期研究表明，梦境最有可能出现在快速眼动睡眠阶段，即REM睡眠)”、第六段“Scientists can identify REM by the electrical activity on your scalp(头皮)and your eye movements.(科学家可以通过头皮上的电活动和眼球运动来识别REM睡眠)”及第七段“That’s when dream researchers wake up their participants.(这正是梦境研究人员唤醒参与者的时候)”可知，REM睡眠是梦境最可能发生的阶段，科学家通过识别REM睡眠来确定做梦的时机，进而唤醒参与者进行研究，因此REM睡眠充当了唤醒参与者的信号，故选C。
35. 推理判断题。根据第七段“Dreams are really tricky to study because they disappear so quickly. So instead of asking participants to remember a dream — even one they were having a moment ago — we ask them what they were just “thinking”. Dreamers don’t have time to think or reflect; they just respond — before the dream is lost.(梦境研究起来确实很棘手，因为它们消失得太快了。所以，我们不会让参与者去回忆一个梦，哪怕是他们刚才做的梦，而是问他们刚才在“想”什么。做梦者没有时间思考或反思；他们只需在梦境消失前做出回应)”可知，梦境消失极快，研究人员用“thinking”代替“dreaming”提问，是为了让参与者来不及思考或反思，快速做出直接回应，避免梦境遗忘，故选B。
7
(2026·吉林·三模)Over the past two years, we have witnessed remarkable advances in artificial intelligence, yet these achievements represent only the opening act. We are now entering a new era defined by autonomous AI agents — systems that can take action independently, enhance human work, and fundamentally reshape how we live and connect. Unlike predictive AI, which analyzes data to offer forecasts and insights, or generative AI, which creates text, images, music, and code based on learned patterns, AI agents can perform tasks independently, make decisions, and even negotiate with other agents on our behalf.
In education, AI enables always-on virtual tutors. College Possible developed an AI-powered college consultant to support students where human counselors are scarce. In healthcare, AI agents alleviate administrative burdens, allowing doctors to focus on complex cases. Patients may soon have AI assistants that check on them after procedures, monitor progress, and reschedule appointments. In recruitment(招聘), Adecco Group, which handles millions of applications annually, now use AI to prequalify candidates fairly, freeing recruiters to focus on promising applicants. On a personal level, AI agents will help manage daily routines from ordering groceries to scheduling appointments.
However, such profound change also brings challenges and fears. It is essential that AI systems be built on trust, accountability, fairness, and transparency(透明度). Beyond system design, we must also invest in uniquely human skills like creativity and critical thinking. This need is especially urgent because the Agentic Era will undoubtedly transform jobs; some roles may disappear. Yet history shows that technological innovation often eliminates certain jobs while creating new ones and making tools more accessible to everyone.
If we navigate these changes responsibly — guided by trust and ethical principles — AI agents can empower us to build a future of abundance and meaningful impact. The possibilities are vast, but our approach must be careful and deliberate.
32. How does the author introduce autonomous AI agents
A. By describing their potential risks and benefits.
B. By distinguishing them from other types of AI.
C. By explaining their underlying technology.
D. By highlighting recent achievements in AI.
33. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. AI replacing human roles in recruitment.
B. AI used in education and healthcare.
C. AI agents benefiting multiple industries.
D. Personal AI managing all daily tasks.
34. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A. Transparency in AI can address public concerns.
B. Critical thinking matters most in designing AI.
C. Creative jobs face threats in the new era.
D. New jobs may come with job losses.
35. What is the author's attitude towards the development of AI agents
A. Enthusiastic but cautious. B. Skeptical and concerned.
C. Objective but indifferent. D. Supportive and optimistic.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. D 35. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨自主人工智能代理这一新兴领域。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Unlike predictive AI, which analyzes data to offer forecasts and insights, or generative AI, which creates text, images, music, and code based on learned patterns, AI agents can perform tasks independently, make decisions, and even negotiate with other agents on our behalf.(与分析数据以提供预测和见解的预测性人工智能，或基于学习模式创建文本、图像、音乐和代码的生成性人工智能不同，人工智能代理可以独立执行任务、做出决策，甚至代表我们与其他代理进行协商)”可知，作者通过将自主人工智能代理与其他类型的人工智能进行区分，来介绍自主人工智能代理，故选B。
33. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“In education, AI enables always-on virtual tutors. College Possible developed an AI-powered college consultant to support students where human counselors are scarce. In healthcare, AI agents alleviate administrative burdens, allowing doctors to focus on complex cases. Patients may soon have AI assistants that check on them after procedures, monitor progress, and reschedule appointments. In recruitment(招聘), Adecco Group, which handles millions of applications annually, now use AI to prequalify candidates fairly, freeing recruiters to focus on promising applicants. On a personal level, AI agents will help manage daily routines from ordering groceries to scheduling appointments.(在教育领域，人工智能催生了全天候在线的虚拟辅导老师。美国公益组织College Possible研发了一款人工智能大学顾问，在人类辅导员稀缺的地区为学生提供支持。 在医疗保健领域，人工智能助手减轻了行政工作负担，让医生能够专注处理复杂病例。患者很快就能拥有人工智能助手，在术后进行随访、监测康复进度并重新预约诊疗时间。 在招聘行业，每年处理数百万份求职申请的德科集团，如今运用人工智能公平地对求职者进行资格预审，让招聘人员能够专注于优质候选人。 在个人生活层面，人工智能助手将协助人们管理日常事务，从订购杂货到安排各类行程预约)”可知，该段主要讲述了人工智能代理在教育、医疗、招聘和个人生活等多个行业带来的好处，故选C。
34. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Yet history shows that technological innovation often eliminates certain jobs while creating new ones and making tools more accessible to everyone.(然而历史表明，技术创新往往在创造新工作岗位的同时，也会消除某些工作岗位，并且使工具对每个人来说更容易获得)”可知，新工作岗位可能会随着一些工作岗位的消失而出现，故选D。
35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“If we navigate these changes responsibly — guided by trust and ethical principles — AI agents can empower us to build a future of abundance and meaningful impact. The possibilities are vast, but our approach must be careful and deliberate.(如果我们以负责任的态度引导这些变化——以信任和道德原则为指导——人工智能代理可以使我们有能力构建一个丰富且有意义影响的未来。可能性是巨大的，但我们的方法必须谨慎且深思熟虑)”可知，作者认为人工智能代理有巨大潜力，但需要谨慎对待，对其发展持热情但谨慎的态度，故选A。
8
(河南许昌市2025-2026学年高三年级三模英语试题)A lively urban forest can plant the seed of wellness in the minds and hearts of people struggling with the thick brush of mental illness.
In 2022, a CNN survey found that 90% of Americans believed the U.S. was experiencing a mental health crisis. Unfortunately, the data backs it up. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, one in five U.S. adults experience mental illness. It’s a troubling trend that affects people of all backgrounds. Therefore, what is important at present is to give voice to the silent struggle so many people face and consider how we might improve people’s mental health.
Experts say one way we can get there is by increasing the investment in planting trees. Research shows that access to trees reduces rates of depression, lowers levels of the brain’s main stress hormone(激素), and improves thinking function. This is especially true in cities and urban areas, where residents are significantly more likely to battle depression and anxiety. By fragmenting concrete jungles with urban forests, we can help make people happier and healthier.
The positive impact of trees is well-documented in a growing body of scientific studies in the U.S. and around the world. For example, a study in Germany concluded that just living within 100 meters of a tree has the ability to reduce the need for antidepressant(抗抑郁的)drugs. In Denmark, researchers found that children living at the lowest levels of green space had a significantly higher risk of developing psychiatric(精神病的)disorders later in life as compared to children living near strong green space. Some doctors are even looking to trees as a form of medicine, specifying struggling patients with a walk in the woods to fully lose themselves in nature(a practice known as forest bathing).
It’s clear that trees are not a “nice-to-have.” Trees are a must-have. Everyone deserves equal access to trees and the positive power they carry. We need to offer people hope.
32. Why does the author mention the CNN survey in paragraph 2
A. To promote the authority of CNN. B. To criticize the government’s inaction.
C. To highlight the mental health crisis. D. To attract investment in green projects.
33. What does the underlined word “fragmenting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Breaking up. B. Rooting up. C. Powering up. D. Wrapping up.
34. What is a proven effect of living near trees
A. It can heal mental illnesses. B. It improves depression condition.
C. It can change people’s lifestyle. D. It ensures children’s mental health.
35. What is the author’s suggestion about making trees a must-have
A. Settling down in the woods possibly. B. Constructing several other green cities.
C. Greater investment in green facilities. D. More research investment in depression.
【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了在城市中造树可以有效改善心理健康。
32. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In 2022, a CNN survey found that 90% of Americans believed the U.S. was experiencing a mental health crisis. Unfortunately, the data backs it up. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, one in five U.S. adults experience mental illness. It’s a troubling trend that affects people of all backgrounds.(2022年，美国有线电视新闻网的一项调查发现，90%的美国人认为美国正在经历心理健康危机。不幸的是，数据支持了这一点。根据美国国家精神疾病联盟的数据，五分之一的美国成年人患有精神疾病。这是一个令人不安的趋势，影响着所有背景的人)”可知，作者提到CNN调查发现九成美国人认为美国正处于心理健康危机，后文紧接着补充官方数据佐证这一趋势，核心目的就是凸显心理健康问题的严峻性，引出下文对改善方法的讨论，故选C。
33. 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“concrete jungles with urban forests”可知，原本的城市是连片的硬质建成区，城市森林是在城市中插入林地，拆分原本密集的水泥开发区域，推断fragment本身词义是“打碎，分裂”，因此fragmenting和Breaking up“拆分，打散”含义一致，故选A。
34. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The positive impact of trees is well-documented in a growing body of scientific studies in the U.S. and around the world. For example, a study in Germany concluded that just living within 100 meters of a tree has the ability to reduce the need for antidepressant(抗抑郁的)drugs.(树木的积极影响在美国和世界各地越来越多的科学研究中得到了很好的证明。例如，德国的一项研究得出结论，只要住在离树100米以内，就能减少对抗抑郁药物的需求)”可知，德国研究证实住在树木100米范围内可减少人们对抗抑郁药物的需求，说明住在树旁能够改善抑郁状况，故选B。
35. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Experts say one way we can get there is by increasing the investment in planting trees.(专家表示，我们可以通过增加植树投入来实现这一目标)”可知，要实现心理健康改善、让树木惠及大众，需要加大对植树(即绿色设施)的投入，故选C。
9
(2026·重庆·二模)A major policy challenge with AI is just how skillful it's become at role-playing as humans. Users now regularly turn to AI chatbots for life advice, mental health support, and even guidance on relationship issues. Safety advocates in the US Federal Trade Commission(FTC)recently announced that it's launching a formal inquiry into seven major companies,focusing on whether their AI chatbots have enough safety preparations to prevent risks like misinformation or improper emotional control. Yet there's another way to see AI as a policy issue: Could AI one day be worthy of legal rights
Some leading tech firms are taking this question seriously. Last year, AI company Anthropic hired its first “AI welfare” researcher, tasked with studying whether advanced AIsystems might deserve reasonable treatment, which includes preventing unnecessary “stress” from overwork so that they can function well, or reducing harmful data inputs for overall safety. Former Southern District of New York judge Katherine B. Forrest, who specializes in AI policy, notes that there may never be widespread agreement on exactly when AI qualifies for moral standing, but as public belief in AI's capacity grows, courts will eventually have to face this brand-new challenge.
Extending rights to AI also forces a fundamental rethink of what should count as the harm to AI. “If it has balanced emotions like humans, then suffering would certainly be counted,” said Forrest. Traditional law, for instance, focuses on compensating(补偿)humans for financial losses, physical injuries, or emotional pains. But if future AI has needs and desires entirely different from humans’, legal systems must adapt.
Some scholars, like law professor Peter Salib from the University of Houston, argue for giving rights to advanced AI —— + specifically artificial general intelligence. Salib has written in his work of scholarship that giving AI rights to contracts, property and tort(侵权行为)claims would allow it to participate in the economic system and could even benefit humans.
32. Why does the FTC launch the inquiry
A. To identify AI firms' challenges. B. To check AI chatbots' functions.
C. To know AI firms' security measures. D. To advocate for AI chatbots' rights.
33. What can be the reasonable treatment of AI systems
A. Upgrading human orders. B. Avoiding heavy workload.
C. Allowing data collection. D. Drafting privacy policies.
34. What encourages Peter Salib to advocate giving AI rights
A. AI’s participation in research. B. AI’s potential in the economy.
C. AI’s need for legal protection. D. AI’s difficulty of advancement.
35. What's the author's attitude to AI rights
A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Supportive.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. B 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了人工智能(AI)带来的政策挑战。一方面，美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)对七家主要公司展开调查，关注其AI聊天机器人的安全防范措施；另一方面，文章讨论了AI是否应获得合法权利这一议题，一些科技公司和学者对此持有不同观点，作者客观地呈现了这些讨论。
32. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Safety advocates in the US Federal Trade Commission(FTC)recently announced that it's launching a formal inquiry into seven major companies, focusing on whether their AI chatbots have enough safety preparations to prevent risks like misinformation or improper emotional control.(美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)的安全倡导者最近宣布，他们正在对七家主要公司展开正式调查，重点关注他们的AI聊天机器人是否有足够的安全防范措施，以防止诸如错误信息或不当情感控制等风险)”可知，FTC发起调查是为了了解AI公司的安全措施，故选C。
33. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Last year, AI company Anthropic hired its first“AI welfare” researcher, tasked with studying whether advanced AIsystems might deserve reasonable treatment, whic三模前训练阅读四选一
【试题解析】
【2026·江苏南通等苏北七市第二次模拟】
B
Aurora Nikula, 5, is having a normal day at her nursery. She is making a cake out of sand and mud, adding in make-believe carrots, potatoes and meat. Aki Sinkkonen, a scientist, is watching. He’s also very interested in Aurora’s cake, but for different reasons. “Perfect,” he says, admiring the way she is mixing soil, sand and leaves and then putting it on her face. “She’s really getting her hands in it.”
To a hygiene-conscious(注重卫生的)kindergarten, this could be a problem, but at Humpula daycare centre in Helsinki, children are encouraged to increase their contact with the microscopic(显微的)biodiversity. This kindergarten was included in a two-year study looking at how biodiversity enhancements affect the microbial composition of children’s skin and saliva.
The staff dug up and installed a giant live carpet of forest floor. The plants, dead wood and soil in the daycare centre were specially selected for their rich micro-biodiversity. Children grow carrots, potatoes and cucumbers, harvesting and cooking what they plant. When winter approaches, the crops fade — but the outdoor adventures do not.
A year later, it found that children who were in contact with nature had a lower probability of catching an illness resulting from disorders in the immune system. The results support the “old friends” hypothesis(假设)that humans evolved alongside microbes in air, plants and soil. The body can exchange useful microbes with the natural world to stay healthy. Without contact with these organisms — through soil, plants, and air — immune function can become overactive, leading to disease.
The kindergartens provide evidence of just how crucial healthy ecosystems are to human health. As biodiversity, habitats and wild species are lost around the planet, there is huge potential harm for human wellbeing. Increasing on site biodiversity can be a win-win for children’s health and the environment.
Based on that, the University of Sheffield has done research on installing green barriers around school playgrounds to prevent air pollution from harming children’s health. Hunter’s Bar infant school in Sheffield created a 70-metre-long fence of plants that wraps around the playground. Nitrogen dioxide(NO2)concentrations in the playground were reduced by 13% six months after planting, and further decreases are expected as the fence matures.
24. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Guided hands-on practice. B. Kids’ exposure to dirt and mud.
C. Delicious homemade food for kids. D. The diversity of species in nurseries.
25. What did the staff at Humpula daycare centre do
A. Rewild their kindergarten. B. Grow a forest in the backyard.
C. Expand forest education among kids. D. Introduce kids to sustainable farming.
26. Why does nature contact reduce people’s chance of getting sick
A. It uplifts their mood. B. It enhances co-evolution.
C. It removes harmful microbes. D. It balances their immune system.
27. Why does the author mention the Sheffield study
A. To advocate for green schools.
B. To give direction for further research.
C. To promote healthy growth in school children.
D. To show an application of the research finding.
C
Fancy letting a machine mediate(调解)your argument It could be the latest application for AI. Scientists at Google’s DeepMind project designed what they call the Habermas Machine, a large language AI named after German philosopher Jürgen Habermas.
The system works by taking written views of individuals within a group and using them to generate a set of group statements designed to be acceptable to all. Group members can then rate these statements. The most popular statement is then returned to participants to assess. Next, the AI mediation system generates revised statements, which participants again rate. The system then selects the winning statement.
The team used the system in a series of experiments involving a total of more than 5,000 participants who responded to various topics. The researchers found the initial group statement from the Habermas Machine was preferred by participants 56% of the time over a group statement produced by human mediators.
Part of the model’s success, researchers say, lies in its determination to give special weight to dissenting opinion. It was not the case that participants always switched opinion to support the majority view. Rather than siding with the majority, it allowed minority voices to feel heard.
The AI mediation system “offers a new approach to collective deliberation(审议)that avoids some of the limitations of in-person deliberation, including its cost, limited scale, the potential for mediator bias.” the researchers conclude. However, the AI mediation process may lack some of the benefits of in-person discussion, they write, such as “nonverbal clues and the opportunity to build interpersonal relationships with other discussants.” Machine seldom offers participants the chance to explain their feelings.
In addition, the researchers note that the AI mediation system could generate an ill-informed output if asked to synthesize(合成)human opinions that are based on limited or biased information. Thus, the researchers conclude that if their system is used in the real world, it should be “embedded in a larger deliberative process, including careful selection of participants to ensure that a balanced and diverse community is represented in the debate.”
28. What is Habermas Machine aimed at
A. Simplifying rating system. B. Facilitating greater agreement.
C. Managing interpersonal conflict. D. Honouring the German philosopher.
29. What does the underlined word “dissenting” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Informed. B. Novel. C. Differing. D. Decisive.
30. What may be the disadvantage of the AI-mediated discussions
A. They lack shared collective wisdom.
B. They raise participants’ opportunity cost.
C. They fail to tap into participants’ potential.
D. They rarely promote empathy among participants.
31. What is the last paragraph mainly about
A. Risks of AI mediation. B. Future AI developments.
C. Tips on AI mediation use. D. Ethical concerns about AI.
D
A girl who turns up to school dressed head-to-toe in pink will probably pass unnoticed. If a boy does the same, he will inevitably face stares. Even the most non-traditional parent would think twice about exposing their son to that.
Children start paying attention to gender differences much earlier than some parents realize, according to psychologist Christia Brown, “Society emphasizes that gender is important really early in a kid’s life,” she says. “We label it a lot in our language — we use gender as nouns all the time. So we frequently say ‘oh, there’s that girl’ or ‘come on boys, let’s go get in the car.’” Research suggests children’s recognition of gender is more due to adults pointing it out than any inborn awareness of it.
Gendered toys credit certain types of skills and strengths to one gender or the other. So, when a child only plays with toys marketed for their gender, they learn a certain set of skills but do not engage as much in other types of learning. This can lead to imbalanced development in boys and girls as they grow older.
The biggest concern around buying gendered toys is that they can impact how children see themselves. Gendered representation imposes(强加于)society’s ideas of what they should like and do instead of letting them choose for themselves what their interests and hobbies are. This can have influence on what that child decides to study in school and ultimately choose as a career.
Many retailers have made real progress over the last few years, dropping gender labels in stores and online — a new research shows a 70% decrease in the use of online gender navigation options since 2012 — but there’s still work to do to challenge the stereotyped(老一套的)ways that toys are often packaged and promoted.
Researchers hope that one day, toys will stop being broken up by gender and will instead be categorized by type, like puzzle toys, dolls or children’s bikes. There would still be dress-up dolls and monster toy trucks in that world, but instead of being just pink or blue, they would come in every color of the rainbow. Toy choices should be based on kids’ personal interests, and not on their gender.
32. What does Christia Brown say about gender differences
A. They are probably unnoticed. B. They are socially constructed.
C. They are biologically determined. D. They are universally acknowledged.
33. What aspects of children are negatively affected by gendered toys
A. Their academic performance. B. Their interpersonal relationship.
C. Their behaviours and attitudes. D. Their physical strength and fitness.
34. What should we put efforts to change
A. How the toys are marketed. B. Where the toys are sold.
C. When the toys are rolled out. D. Who the toys are targeted at.
35. What do the researchers expect of future toys
A. They should be colourful. B. They should be gender-neutral.
C. They should cater to kids’ tastes. D. They should cover wider categories.
【答题情况分析】
近1.2万份样本统计数据
语 篇 难度系数 小题序号及得分率
B 0.85 24题 25题 26题 27题
86% 51% 67% 64%
C 0.65 28题 29题 30题 31题
50% 57% 62% 36%
D 0.73 32题 33题 34题 35题
72% 69% 48% 33%
从得分率看，高于65%的有4题(24、26、32和33题)；等于或低于50%的也有4题(28、31、34和35题)，难易度平衡恰到好处。现分语篇将三篇阅读理解的各小题干扰项分析如下：
B篇
小题序号 得分率 干扰项分析
24 86% A. Guided hands-on practice. C. Delicious homemade food for kids. D. The diversity of species in nurseries.
25 51% B. Grow a forest in the backyard. C. Expand forest education among kids. D. Introduce kids to sustainable farming.
26 67% A. It uplifts their mood. B. It enhances co-evolution. C. It removes harmful microbes.
27 64% A. To advocate for green schools. B. To give direction for further research. C. To promote healthy growth in school children.
C篇
小题序号 得分率 干扰项分析
28 50% A. Simplifying rating system. C. Managing interpersonal conflict. D. Honouring the German philosopher.
29 57% A. Informed. B. Novel. D. Decisive.
30 62% A. They lack shared collective wisdom. B. They raise participants’ opportunity cost. C. They fail to tap into participants’ potential.
31 36% A. Risks of AI mediation. B. Future AI developments. D. Ethical concerns about AI.
D篇
小题序号 得分率 干扰项分析
32 72% A. They are probably unnoticed. C. They are biologically determined. D. They are universally acknowledged.
33 69% A. Their academic performance. B. Their interpersonal relationship. D. Their physical strength and fitness.
34 48% B. Where the toys are sold. C. When the toys are rolled out. D. Who the toys are targeted at.
35 33% A. They should be colourful. C. They should cater to kids’ tastes. D. They should cover wider categories.
三模前复习建议(补偿训练)
一、立足基础，精准突破薄弱环节
针对考生信息定位不准、核心概括能力薄弱等问题，复习中应着力帮助其夯实词义理解与信息提取能力，强化词汇在具体语境中的解读。同时，针对信息定位模糊、概括片面等现象开展针对性基础专项训练，提升信息筛选与归纳的精准度，切实减少基础题型失分。
二、聚焦逻辑，强化思维能力培养
针对考生逻辑推理与篇章结构分析能力不足、易混淆逻辑关系及事物本质的问题，复习中应加强逻辑信号词识别与语境推断训练，引导考生理清文本内在逻辑。同时，指导学生实现从细节归纳到抽象提炼的思维进阶，提升辩证分析能力，避免陷入片面化、表面化的答题误区。
三、主旨先行，提升整体阅读理解力
针对考生在主旨与观点类题目中失分严重、易受细节干扰的问题，复习中应引导其树立 “主旨先行” 意识，快速抓取段落与全文核心，准确区分主次信息。同时，强化主旨提炼与作者意图推断训练，帮助学生立足全篇把握文本核心，提升深层阅读理解能力。
四、突出重点，强化体裁与题型训练
复习中应紧扣说明文、议论文等重点体裁，强化文本结构梳理与行文脉络把握；聚焦推理判断题等核心题型，引导学生立足文本合理推断，杜绝主观臆断。结合高频错题开展分层、限时、变式训练，实现靶向突破与高效提分。
(题目序号按照高考英语真题的CD篇排序)
1
(2026·陕西西安·三模)For many older generations, a fancy office and a promotion used to mean you were successful. Moving up the career ladder was the dream, and each step higher brought more respect, more recognition and more money.
But for young people today, things look very different. Rather than focusing on promotions or job titles, Gen Z — usually defined as those born between 1997 and 2012 — is focusing on stability, security and balance, a trend called “career minimalism.”
A survey from jobs website Glassdoor found that 68% of Gen Z workers aren’t interested in management roles unless they come with extra pay or a meaningful title. For them, becoming a boss is no longer the ultimate goal — having a safe, reliable job is. And rather than company jobs, more and more young people are choosing to work in health care, education, government and skilled trades.
There are several reasons for this shift in attitude. Mass layoffs in tech and finance have shown young workers how quickly jobs can disappear, and the rise of AI has created anxiety about which roles will survive in the future. What’s more, climbing the career ladder often meant giving up evenings, weekends, and even personal health. And with burnout on the rise, the old idea of “work harder, climb faster” feels unsustainable. Instead, Gen Z is drawn to stable, essential jobs that offer security in ways corporate roles often can’t.
This isn’t to say they aren’t ambitious, though. According to the Glassdoor survey, more than half have a “side hustle(副业),” whether it’s freelance(自由职业的)work, a small business, or creative projects. And for many, these aren’t just extra jobs, but a way to express themselves and find meaning beyond the office. Their main job may cover the bills, but the side hustle brings passion, freedom and purpose.
“I always joke that I don’t dream of labor,” one Glassdoor Community member said. “If people were truly passionate about their job, it wouldn’t pay anything. Passion is for your 5 — 9 after the 9 — 5.”
28. What does “career minimalism” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Focusing on promotions and job titles. B. Valuing stability and a balanced work-life.
C. Choosing high-paying corporate jobs. D. Seeking management roles with extra income.
29. Why do many Gen Z workers avoid company jobs
A. They prefer freelance work as their main job.
B. They are not interested in extra pay from corporate jobs.
C. Company jobs often emphasize management roles.
D. Company jobs lack stability and may cause burnout.
30. What can we learn about Gen Z’s “side hustle” from the text
A. It is just a way to earn extra money.
B. It mostly consists of creative projects.
C. It makes them less focused on their main job.
D. It helps release their enthusiasm for life beyond main jobs.
31. What is the function of the joke in the last paragraph
A. To show Gen Z’s dislike for physical work.
B. To explain why Gen Z values side hustles over main jobs.
C. To prove Gen Z prefers 5 — 9 free time to 9 — 5 work.
D. To illustrate Gen Z’s view on passion and full-time work.
2
(2026·湖南常德·二模)In 1779, Englishman Charles Blair built the first primitive shelter for hikers to view France’s Mer de Glace glacier(冰川). As alpine(阿尔卑斯山的)clubs sprung up in Europe and climbers claimed first victories of major peaks in the Alps in the 1850s and 1860s, the Golden Age of Alpinism gave rise to a network of huts to support a new type of adventure tourism. Some 3,000 hiking huts, around 1,300 of which are staffed by Europe’s alpine clubs to provide food and safety above the treeline, are still standing in the Alps — for now.
The Mer de Glace is reducing at a rate of 15 feet per year. By 2100, 90 percent of the glacier will be gone, while glaciers worldwide are expected to lose another 366 billion tons in the next decade. Therefore, the ground under the huts and the trails that support them is becoming more unstable. And in the face of aging structures, the foundations of huts are crumbling.
Melting permafrost(永久冻土)causes steeper, faster rockfalls across the Alps. In Italy’s Dolomites, search-and-rescue operations rose 20% last summer due to unstable ground. “The mountains have always been dangerous,” says glaciologist Daniel Farinotti, “but melting is speeding up strikingly in recent years.” Advanced monitoring systems provide some warning, but hikers face more trail closures and must remain alarmed.
Maintenance costs are rocketing. The Swiss Alpine Club(SAC)spends $8.8 million annually on repairs, but admits “the funds will not be enough.” The local government struggles with limited budgets. The Austrian Alpine Association sought $100 million in government aid in 2024 — they received only $3 million. So the SAC is calling for urgent action and a new financial model for hut construction.
“Climate change is forcing us to rethink our concepts,” the SAC Huts 2050 report reads. “Our huts need to be adapted so that they remain safe and attractive in the future. This is not just about structural safety, but also about continuing to make mountain sports possible under changing conditions.”
28. Why were huts massively built in the Alps
A. To accommodate local staff. B. To mark the first major peaks.
C. To satisfy adventurers’ needs. D. To serve as shelters for alpine clubs.
29. What does the underlined word “crumbling” mean in paragraph 2
A. Drying. B. Breaking. C. Freezing. D. Stabilizing.
30. What does the author try to illustrate by listing data in paragraph 4
A. The trouble in maintaining huts. B. The struggle for government aid.
C. The urgency of building new huts. D. The necessity of financial budgets.
31. What does the SAC Huts 2050 report suggest
A. A careful plan to make huts attractive. B. Possible direction for hut adaptation.
C. A practical solution to ensure hut safety. D. Constant reflection on climate change.
3
(2026·重庆·二模)Elaine recently bought a gorgeous stained-glass statement mirror on an online marketplace, and then she found she was rearranging her entire bedroom to match its luxurious aesthetic(美感)and color scheme. She didn’t have a bedroom redesign in her budget, but that wasn’t stopping her. Have you ever updated one thing in your home and suddenly found yourself with a laundry list of changes you want to make This phenomenon is called the Diderot Effect.
The phenomenon got its name from French philosopher Denis Diderot. In 1769, Diderot penned an essay describing the receipt of a new dressing gown, which sparked a series of impulsive(易冲动的)purchases that sank him into debt — and thus lending his name to this psychological phenomenon.
This isn’t just a consequence of 18th-century behavior, though. The Diderot effect is alive and well today. Don’t be too hard on yourself if you fall victim to the Diderot effect. Psychotherapist Dr. Daryl Appleton says it’s a very human response, similar to the feeling when you put on brand-new clothes, but then wear your worn-out shoes — the mismatch is uncomfortable. What’s happening beneath the surface is partly neurological(神经学的). When we seek something new, our brain releases more dopamine, often called our “pleasure chemical” that drives desire. So, that rush you feel when you start fixing the things around the shiny new object is not just aesthetics; it’s brain chemistry. We’re born to long for novel things.
The Diderot Effect can show up anywhere from your closet to your career. Therapist Dr. Alfonso Ferguson says, “Often, what’s really happening underneath is a desire to feel in harmony with one’s space — to finally feel a sense of pride, peace, or even safety that may have been missing in other parts of life.” It’s not always a bad thing to want your space to progress with you. But if it starts to feel compulsive, it can be pretty difficult to escape the cycle. You’ll keep chasing the next upgrade.
28. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph
A. To analyse reasons. B. To make a comparison.
C. To lead in the topic. D. To present viewpoints.
29. What is the motivation behind the Diderot Effect according to paragraph 3
A. An attempt to escape stress from one’s work.
B. A desire to achieve harmony in one’s life.
C. A rush to show off one’s wealth.
D. A biological urge to seek novelty.
30. What does the underlined word “compulsive” in the last paragraph mean
A. Unrealistic. B. Uncontrollable. C. Adaptable. D. Casual.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. When One New Thing Changes Everything
B. The Psychology Behind Chasing Harmony
C. How Our Daily Needs Help Fuel Endless Purchase
D. The Science of Holding Back Endless Consumption
4
(2026·四川泸州·二模)One of the world’s biggest tech companies could see AI slowing its roll after the new report exposed just how careless and alarmingly inaccurate the technology in its current form can really be. If you’re thinking AI is a fast track to handing in your homework, you might want to think again.
A striking report from Apple questions AI’s reliability and potential. Researchers tested large reasoning models used in platforms like DeepSeek and Claude and large language models(the basis of ChatGPT). Both performed poorly in complex tasks, though language models did better in simple ones. Notably, reasoning models “reduced their effort” when tasks got too challenging, which the report called “particularly concerning”.
Problems with these models aren’t new. OpenAI claimed its o3 and o4-mini models were its “smartest,” but researchers found o3 was wrong 51% of the time, and o4-mini 79%. Apple stopped its AI-powered news alerts after major mistakes, such as a false claim about tennis star Rafael Nadal and an early announcement of a darts championship winner. The BBC found 51% of AI answers on news had “significant issues”, with 19% of those involving its content being factually wrong, and 13% of quotes from its stories altered or made up. A Chicago newspaper once published an AI-generated summer reading guide with non-existent books, and a Dublin Halloween parade advertised online was fake. Google’s AI also gave odd suggestions like adding glue to pizza.
Experts like Dr. Niousha Shafibady note expecting AI to be a “magic wand” is wrong. AI fails in complex tasks due to algorithms’(算法的)essential characteristics — they may lose logical reasoning, miss data patterns, or waste resources on wrong solutions.
While companies say AI is improving, experts disagree. A survey by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence found 60% of respondents don’t think AI’s accuracy and trustworthiness issues will be solved soon. Its president, Francesca Rossi, stressed the need to develop AI responsibly, ensuring it supports humanity and matches human values.
28. What is one problem of reasoning models according to Apple’s report
A. They can refuse simple assignments.
B. They can put less energy into hard work.
C. They can weaken language model functions.
D. They can cause mistakes in platform operations.
29. Why are the Chicago newspaper and Dublin parade mentioned
A. To show misinformation of AI. B. To give suggestions on AI errors.
C. To prove the output ability of AI. D. To blame media for fake AI contents.
30. What does “magic wand” in Paragraph 4 probably refer to
A. A special data tool. B. A real magic stick.
C. An essential language model. D. A perfect problem-solver.
31. What can we learn from the passage
A. Experts are satisfied with AI’s improvement.
B. Companies will slow developing AI for its reliability.
C. People should be cautious using AI for accurate tasks.
D. Most respondents are confident about AI’s humanity.
5
(2026·四川·二模)People have become used to living with AI fairly quickly, which has changed the way many of us communicate or deal with information. It has also led to serious concerns about jobs. Surely mass unemployment is coming soon
But economic data tell a different story: EU unemployment is at a historical low of around 6%, half the level of ten years ago; the UK’s is even lower at 5.1%, roughly the level of the fast-growing early 2000s; that of the US is lower still at 4.4%. Jobs remain plentiful because technology creates new types of jobs.
But yes, AI will take away some jobs. A third of Americans worry they will lose theirs to AI, and many of them will be right. Since the industrial revolution, a wave of innovations has fueled extraordinary exponential economic growth. However, AI, like the computer, the internet, or the railways, is a slow revolution. And just as there has been no immediate AI boom when it comes to economic growth, there is no immediate change in employment. What we see instead are largely firms using AI as an excuse for standard job-cutting exercises. This then leads to a different question about how AI will affect the meaning of our jobs.
Another question raised by AI is whether it will reduce or increase the inequality between workers. At first, many thought that allowing everyone to use an AI assistant with skills in processing information or clear communication would decrease earning inequality. But other recent research found the opposite, with highly skilled businessmen gaining the most from using AI support. One reason for this is that taking advice is a skill in itself. In my own research with colleagues, we found that giving chess players top-quality advice does little to close the gap between the best and the worst because lower-ability players were less likely to follow high-quality advice. And perhaps that’s the biggest risk AI brings: that some people may benefit from it much more than others.
28. What do the economic data show
A. Mass unemployment is coming soon.
B. EU unemployment is higher than America’s.
C. Technology has cut job opportunities sharply.
D. The UK’s unemployment matches the 1990s level.
29. What does the underlined word “exponential” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Rapid. B. Steady. C. Irregular. D. Unbalanced.
30. What can we infer about companies’ job cuts
A. They result from AI’s direct influence.
B. They are often done under the excuse of AI.
C. They make jobs more meaningful for workers.
D. They cause an immediate employment change.
31. How does the author develop his idea in the last paragraph
A. By quoting authoritative figures in the field.
B. By analyzing the cause and effect of inequality.
C. By explaining why people disagree with each other.
D. By presenting contrasting views and providing examples.
6
(2026·陕西铜川·二模)Dreams can indeed be emotional and sometimes scary. But dreams can be enjoyable, too — maybe you’ve had a dream so delightful that you were disappointed to wake up and realize it wasn’t reality.
Are the images in your dreams in vivid color Perhaps you had a dream about playing Candy Crush and can remember the brightly colored red, purple and yellow candies falling like a cascade(瀑布)in your dream.
As a neuroscientist who studies sleep, I can tell you that about 70% to 80% of people report dreaming in color, as opposed to those whose dreams are just in shades of black and white. But this estimate may be low, because scientists can’t actually see what a dreamer sees. There’s no advanced technology showing them exactly what’s happening in a dreamer’s mind. Instead, they have to rely on what dreamers remember about their dreams.
To study dreams, researchers ask people to sleep in laboratories, and they simply wake them while they’re dreaming and then ask them what they were just thinking about. It’s pretty simple science, but it works.
How do scientists know when people are dreaming Although dreams can occur in any sleep stage, research has long shown that dreams are most likely to occur during rapid eye movement sleep, or REM sleep.
Scientists can identify REM by the electrical activity on your scalp(头皮)and your eye movements. They do this by using an electroencephalogram, which uses several small electrodes(电极)placed directly on the scalp to measure brain activity. During REM sleep, the dreamer’s eyes move back and forth repeatedly. This likely means they’re scanning — that is, looking around in their dream.
That’s when dream researchers wake up their participants. Dreams are really tricky to study because they disappear so quickly. So instead of asking participants to remember a dream — even one they were having a moment ago — we ask them what they were just “thinking”. Dreamers don’t have time to think or reflect; they just respond — before the dream is lost.
32. Why is the game Candy Crush mentioned in paragraph 2
A. To provide an example. B. To present a method.
C. To introduce a new topic. D. To make a comparison.
33. What’s the author’s view on current dream studies
A. They tend to overestimate the rate of colored dreams.
B. They should be conducted in a natural environment.
C. They’re in need of help from traditional methods.
D. They are largely based on dreamers’ recall.
34. What kind of role does REM sleep play in the scientists’ study of dreaming
A. A memory test. B. An emotion measure.
C. A wake-up signal. D. A dream stimulator.
35. Why do researchers ask participants what they were “thinking” instead of what they were “dreaming”
A. Participants are easily confused by technical terms.
B. They want to get faster and more direct answers.
C. They have to give clues to get accurate answers.
D. Dreaming and thinking are more or less the same.
7
(2026·吉林·三模)Over the past two years, we have witnessed remarkable advances in artificial intelligence, yet these achievements represent only the opening act. We are now entering a new era defined by autonomous AI agents — systems that can take action independently, enhance human work, and fundamentally reshape how we live and connect. Unlike predictive AI, which analyzes data to offer forecasts and insights, or generative AI, which creates text, images, music, and code based on learned patterns, AI agents can perform tasks independently, make decisions, and even negotiate with other agents on our behalf.
In education, AI enables always-on virtual tutors. College Possible developed an AI-powered college consultant to support students where human counselors are scarce. In healthcare, AI agents alleviate administrative burdens, allowing doctors to focus on complex cases. Patients may soon have AI assistants that check on them after procedures, monitor progress, and reschedule appointments. In recruitment(招聘), Adecco Group, which handles millions of applications annually, now use AI to prequalify candidates fairly, freeing recruiters to focus on promising applicants. On a personal level, AI agents will help manage daily routines from ordering groceries to scheduling appointments.
However, such profound change also brings challenges and fears. It is essential that AI systems be built on trust, accountability, fairness, and transparency(透明度). Beyond system design, we must also invest in uniquely human skills like creativity and critical thinking. This need is especially urgent because the Agentic Era will undoubtedly transform jobs; some roles may disappear. Yet history shows that technological innovation often eliminates certain jobs while creating new ones and making tools more accessible to everyone.
If we navigate these changes responsibly — guided by trust and ethical principles — AI agents can empower us to build a future of abundance and meaningful impact. The possibilities are vast, but our approach must be careful and deliberate.
32. How does the author introduce autonomous AI agents
A. By describing their potential risks and benefits.
B. By distinguishing them from other types of AI.
C. By explaining their underlying technology.
D. By highlighting recent achievements in AI.
33. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A. AI replacing human roles in recruitment.
B. AI used in education and healthcare.
C. AI agents benefiting multiple industries.
D. Personal AI managing all daily tasks.
34. What can be inferred from Paragraph 3
A. Transparency in AI can address public concerns.
B. Critical thinking matters most in designing AI.
C. Creative jobs face threats in the new era.
D. New jobs may come with job losses.
35. What is the author's attitude towards the development of AI agents
A. Enthusiastic but cautious. B. Skeptical and concerned.
C. Objective but indifferent. D. Supportive and optimistic.
8
(河南许昌市2025-2026学年高三年级三模英语试题)A lively urban forest can plant the seed of wellness in the minds and hearts of people struggling with the thick brush of mental illness.
In 2022, a CNN survey found that 90% of Americans believed the U.S. was experiencing a mental health crisis. Unfortunately, the data backs it up. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, one in five U.S. adults experience mental illness. It’s a troubling trend that affects people of all backgrounds. Therefore, what is important at present is to give voice to the silent struggle so many people face and consider how we might improve people’s mental health.
Experts say one way we can get there is by increasing the investment in planting trees. Research shows that access to trees reduces rates of depression, lowers levels of the brain’s main stress hormone(激素), and improves thinking function. This is especially true in cities and urban areas, where residents are significantly more likely to battle depression and anxiety. By fragmenting concrete jungles with urban forests, we can help make people happier and healthier.
The positive impact of trees is well-documented in a growing body of scientific studies in the U.S. and around the world. For example, a study in Germany concluded that just living within 100 meters of a tree has the ability to reduce the need for antidepressant(抗抑郁的)drugs. In Denmark, researchers found that children living at the lowest levels of green space had a significantly higher risk of developing psychiatric(精神病的)disorders later in life as compared to children living near strong green space. Some doctors are even looking to trees as a form of medicine, specifying struggling patients with a walk in the woods to fully lose themselves in nature(a practice known as forest bathing).
It’s clear that trees are not a “nice-to-have.” Trees are a must-have. Everyone deserves equal access to trees and the positive power they carry. We need to offer people hope.
32. Why does the author mention the CNN survey in paragraph 2
A. To promote the authority of CNN. B. To criticize the government’s inaction.
C. To highlight the mental health crisis. D. To attract investment in green projects.
33. What does the underlined word “fragmenting” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Breaking up. B. Rooting up. C. Powering up. D. Wrapping up.
34. What is a proven effect of living near trees
A. It can heal mental illnesses. B. It improves depression condition.
C. It can change people’s lifestyle. D. It ensures children’s mental health.
35. What is the author’s suggestion about making trees a must-have
A. Settling down in the woods possibly. B. Constructing several other green cities.
C. Greater investment in green facilities. D. More research investment in depression.
9
(2026·重庆·二模)A major policy challenge with AI is just how skillful it's become at role-playing as humans. Users now regularly turn to AI chatbots for life advice, mental health support, and even guidance on relationship issues. Safety advocates in the US Federal Trade Commission(FTC)recently announced that it's launching a formal inquiry into seven major companies,focusing on whether their AI chatbots have enough safety preparations to prevent risks like misinformation or improper emotional control. Yet there's another way to see AI as a policy issue: Could AI one day be worthy of legal rights
Some leading tech firms are taking this question seriously. Last year, AI company Anthropic hired its first “AI welfare” researcher, tasked with studying whether advanced AIsystems might deserve reasonable treatment, which includes preventing unnecessary “stress” from overwork so that they can function well, or reducing harmful data inputs for overall safety. Former Southern District of New York judge Katherine B. Forrest, who specializes in AI policy, notes that there may never be widespread agreement on exactly when AI qualifies for moral standing, but as public belief in AI's capacity grows, courts will eventually have to face this brand-new challenge.
Extending rights to AI also forces a fundamental rethink of what should count as the harm to AI. “If it has balanced emotions like humans, then suffering would certainly be counted,” said Forrest. Traditional law, for instance, focuses on compensating(补偿)humans for financial losses, physical injuries, or emotional pains. But if future AI has needs and desires entirely different from humans’, legal systems must adapt.
Some scholars, like law professor Peter Salib from the University of Houston, argue for giving rights to advanced AI —— + specifically artificial general intelligence. Salib has written in his work of scholarship that giving AI rights to contracts, property and tort(侵权行为)claims would allow it to participate in the economic system and could even benefit humans.
32. Why does the FTC launch the inquiry
A. To identify AI firms' challenges. B. To check AI chatbots' functions.
C. To know AI firms' security measures. D. To advocate for AI chatbots' rights.
33. What can be the reasonable treatment of AI systems
A. Upgrading human orders. B. Avoiding heavy workload.
C. Allowing data collection. D. Drafting privacy policies.
34. What encourages Peter Salib to advocate giving AI rights
A. AI’s participation in research. B. AI’s potential in the economy.
C. AI’s need for legal protection. D. AI’s difficulty of advancement.
35. What's the author's attitude to AI rights
A. Doubtful. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Supportive.
10
(2026·陕西铜川·二模)Effective communication is the foundation of high-performing organizations, particularly in an era of remote work and digital tools. Yet many leaders fail to set clear communication norms(规范), resulting in burnout, wasted time, and reduced productivity.
Consider these breakdowns. A colleague misses an urgent call because the message was sent via Slack(a team collaboration tool), which they rarely check. A leader preparing for a meeting receives five inconsistent reports from five different units. These examples illustrate the friction that arises when communication norms are unclear. As AI-assisted writing becomes more common, it is even more critical to establish clear norms that prioritize readability.
Research shows that recipients often feel pressured to respond faster than expected, and some messages requiring quick decisions go unnoticed for days. To prevent these mismatches, organizations should establish clear response times across different communication channels. Besides response speed, teams must also clarify when employees are expected to engage. Some organizations establish “quiet hours” to delay messages outside of working hours so that leaders foster(培养)a work culture that balances responsiveness with well-being.
In the book Writing for Busy Readers: Communicate More Effectively in the Real World, six science-based principles are presented. The core idea Brevity. In one experiment, researchers randomly assigned 7,000 leaders to receive either a 129-word request to complete a survey or a 49-word one. When both versions were tested with an independent group, the longer one was widely assumed to be more effective. But the data told a different story — cutting words nearly doubled the response rate.
However, writing less isn’t always the better approach. For instance, a 3,000-word report might be more reader-friendly, but 6,500 words could be interpreted as the writer doing a more thorough job. In this case, less could still be more effective, but more could be seen as better.
So effective communication isn’t just about writing less — it’s about making reading easier. But ease looks different in different settings. That’s why teams should define their communication norms to ensure clarity and consistency so organizations can solidify them across their teams and workflows.
32. What causes the breakdowns in the examples
A. Over-reliance on AI-assisted writing. B. Disorganization of business units.
C. Lack of communication consistency. D. Inharmonious relationships at work.
33. How can organizations get expected responses
A. By shifting to offline communication.
B. By clarifying specific response times.
C. By using a single communication channel.
D. By fostering a competitive work discipline.
34. What does the underlined word “Brevity” in paragraph 4 mean probably
A. Accuracy. B. Emphasis. C. Briefness. D. Comparison.
35. Why does the author mention the reports in paragraph 5
A. To explain writing less doesn’t always work.
B. To criticize the restriction on the word limit.
C. To illustrate writing a report is demanding.
D. To encourage researchers to do a thorough study.

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