资源简介 语法填空:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破第一组__________ (process) a single calculation, it often required hours of setup time by a team of operators.Transistors were smaller, faster, more reliable, and consumed far __________ (little) power than vacuum tubes.In 1958, Jack Kilby demonstrated the first working integrated circuit, __________ combined several transistors on a single piece of semiconductor material.Today, the smartphone in your pocket is millions of times more powerful than the computers __________ guided the Apollo missions to the moon.It wasn’t a big event, __________ was it the kind of eye-catching climate action that makes headlines, but small things like this add up over time.If you’re passionate about the environment and keeping our __________ (surround) rubbish-free, I encourage you to hold your own cleanup event!I think it’s high time __________ we, as a collective, began to return the favor.In recent years, the concept of green development __________ (accept) by more and more people worldwide. As global environmental problems become increasingly serious, promoting low-carbon life and sustainable development has become a common goal of humanity.Household garbage __________ (classify) carefully can be recycled and reused, __________ is an effective way to save resources and protect the environment.They upgrade production technology, use clean energy and reduce resource waste, __________ (aim) to achieve economic growth and environmental protection at the same time.A two-week cultural exchange program__________ (stage) at the Confucius Institute of the University of Granada in Spain not long ago and now it is popular with students, __________ (share) Chinese kung fu with martial arts (武术) enthusiasts through lectures and training sessions.The students are passionate, hardworking and adaptable to different cultures, some of __________ have even made the journey to China several times__________ (take) their kung fu practice to the next level.As Chinese martial arts continue to gain __________ (popular) in Spain, more enthusiasts travel to China for training, and some have even established martial arts schools in Spain.Many people may consider Chinese kung fu an effective way to get fit, __________ it is, to be honest, much more than that.These gray-and-white robots, __________ (arm) with cameras and sensors, mark the latest innovation in Beijing’s effort __________ (build) a smarter and safer city.Each dog __________ (weigh) about 65 kilograms and can work in heavy rain or extreme heat.二、举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析及知识点)1. __________ (devote) nearly all his time to scientific research, he made great achievements in the field of physics and was awarded many honors.2. The reason why he failed the exam is __________ he didn’t pay enough attention to his studies and often skipped classes.3. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane __________ (take) off, so we had to change our flight to the next day.4. It is reported that a new library __________ (build) in our school next year, which will provide more books and resources for students and teachers.5. The teacher suggested that we __________ (prepare) for the exam in advance and avoid putting off our study until the last minute.6. __________ is often the case, many students find it difficult to balance their study and after-school activities, leading to great pressure.7. The number of people who are interested in learning Chinese __________ (increase) rapidly in recent years, thanks to the growing influence of Chinese culture around the world.8. Although he __________ (work) in this company for only three years, he has already become one of the most outstanding employees and won the trust of his colleagues.9. We should attach great importance to protecting the environment, without __________ our future generations will not have a beautiful home to live in.10. Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball, __________ (leave) all his books and notebooks on the desk carelessly.11. It is not until we lose something __________ we realize how precious it is and how much we value it.12. With the development of artificial intelligence, more and more jobs __________ (replace) by robots in the future, which will bring great changes to our work and life.13. She is the only one of the students who __________ (win) the first prize in the English competition three times so far.14. No matter how difficult the problem is, we should keep calm and try our best to solve it, instead of __________ (give) up easily.15. What surprised us most was that he __________ (overcome) so many difficulties in such a short time and achieved his dream successfully.第二组A camera and searchlights sit on its head, and its back can carry gas detectors or explosion-proof tools. This allows the dogs to take on many roles, __________ safety checks to emergency tasks.With a total area of 43,411 hectares (公顷) and 96.5 percent forest __________ (cover), this nature reserve is home to many rare and endangered species such as the grey snub-nosed monkey, the Chinese Dove tree, the Fanjingshan Fir tree, __________ an old-growth forest eco-system.Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams __________ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls __________ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for __________ even more spectacular landscape.Chinese companies have made significant progress in battery technology, motor __________(efficient), and vehicle intelligence.Additionally, great breakthroughs__________(achieve) in autonomous driving technology and smart vehicle systems over the years.Drawing on large-scale production and cost control capabilities, Chinese manufacturers can offer high-quality NEVs __________relatively low prices, which has enhanced their global competitiveness.__________there are challenges such as trade barriers in the US and EU markets, Chinese NEV brands are actively exploring overseas markets and enhancing their global presence through technology export and international collaboration.This smart system, __________ (describe) as “freer access at the First Line and regulated access at the Second Line”, allows goods, money, and people to move more freely. This helps businesses save a lot of money and grow __________ (sustainable).Hainan, __________ the full support of China’s vast market, aims to be a leading gateway for China’s opening-up in the new era.It’s not just about doing shopping; it’s about establishing a stable, transparent and predictable institutional system __________ (attract) high-end resources from around the world in the future.With__________ (theme) events such as “Mothers’ Needlework”, the China National Pavilion presented over 120 handcrafted works.Traditionally woven by the women of the Du-long ethnic group, one of China’s __________ (small) ethnic groups, the Du-long blanket is a cultural symbol of the Du-long people and a living fossil of traditional Chinese textiles.“Both China and Britain are countries with splendid traditional artistry, and I hope this year’s London Craft Week can __________ (strength) understanding and friendship between the two countries, while celebrating the beauty of cross-cultural dialogue,” said Zhao Fei, minister of the Chinese embassy in the UK.Fellow farmers rented it to me for only 50 yuan per mu.” said Li Dianquan, a local farmer __________ family has farmed this land for generations.On the shores of the Bohai Sea where the winding Yellow River__________ (empty) into the ocean, Dongying’s landscape has been shaped by an unusual geographical legacy. The gradual __________ (withdraw) of seawater over time left behind salt deposits (沉积物) which have created 227.330 hectares of saline-alkaline land.Shandong is exploring a path __________ (characterize) by ecological prioritization and technological support.二、15道举一反三长难句练习题(含答案、翻译、详细解析及知识点)1. __________ the rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought great convenience to people’s lives, it has also raised many ethical and social issues that need to be addressed seriously.2. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, more and more intelligent devices __________ (integrate) into people’s daily lives, making our life more convenient and efficient.3. The professor, __________ research focuses on artificial intelligence and machine learning, delivered a wonderful lecture on the future development of intelligent technology last week.4. In order __________ (ensure) the safety of all students, the school has formulated a series of strict safety rules and carried out regular safety education activities.5. The number of people who choose to work from home has increased significantly in recent years, __________ (main) because of the popularity of the Internet and the improvement of remote office technology.6. __________ it is raining heavily outside, we still need to go to the airport to pick up our foreign guests on time.7. The new policy, __________ (design) to promote the balanced development of education in rural and urban areas, has been carried out in many provinces across the country.8. We should attach great importance to environmental protection, because the quality of our living environment is closely related to our health and __________ (happy).9. The factory __________ we visited last month has made great efforts to reduce pollution and improve the surrounding environment.10. In recent years, great changes __________ (take) place in my hometown, and it has become a beautiful and modern city.11. __________ the help of our teachers and classmates, we have made great progress in our studies this semester.12. The young man decided to set up his own company after he graduated from college, __________ (hope) to realize his dream of becoming a successful entrepreneur.13. This is one of the most interesting books that __________ (read) by me so far, and I have recommended it to many of my friends.14. The government is taking measures to improve the traffic conditions in the city, __________ will help reduce traffic jams and make people’s travel more convenient.15. To learn English well, we need to practice speaking, listening, reading and writing __________ (regular), and we also need to master some effective learning methods.语法填空:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破第一组1. __________ (process) a single calculation, it often required hours of setup time by a team of operators.答案:To process翻译:要进行一次单独的计算,通常需要一组操作员花费数小时进行准备工作。解析:句子主干为“it often required hours of setup time”,其中it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。空格处需填入非谓语动词,结合句意“要进行计算”,此处表示目的,故用不定式To process(句首首字母大写)。若用Processing(现在分词),则表示“进行计算时”,强调伴随状态,与句意“需要准备时间”的逻辑不符,因此排除。核心知识点:1. 非谓语动词作目的状语:不定式(to do)可置于句首或句中,表“为了……”,句首时常用逗号与主句隔开;现在分词(doing)表伴随、主动,过去分词(done)表被动、完成,均不表目的。2. 形式主语it的用法:当不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,为避免句子头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,将真正主语后置,结构为“It + 谓语 + 宾语/表语 + 真正主语(to do/doing/从句)”。例:It is important to learn English.(学英语很重要)3. 常见易错点:区分to do(目的)与doing(伴随/主动),如:To finish the task, we worked late.(为了完成任务,我们加班了);Finishing the task, we felt relaxed.(完成任务后,我们感到放松)。2. Transistors were smaller, faster, more reliable, and consumed far __________ (little) power than vacuum tubes.答案:less翻译:晶体管比真空管更小、更快、更可靠,并且消耗的功率要少得多。解析:句子中有明显的比较级标志词than,因此空格处需填入little的比较级形式。little的比较级为less,最高级为least;far为程度副词,可修饰比较级,表“……得多”,类似的程度副词还有much、even、still等。核心知识点:1. 形容词/副词比较级的变化规则:① 单音节词和部分双音节词,直接加-er(如small→smaller);② 以e结尾的词,加-r(如nice→nicer);③ 重读闭音节词(辅+元+辅),双写末尾辅音加-er(如big→bigger);④ 以“辅音+y”结尾的词,变y为i加-er(如busy→busier);⑤ 多音节词和部分双音节词,加more(如reliable→more reliable);⑥ 不规则变化:little→less→least,much/many→more→most,good/well→better→best等。2. 程度副词修饰比较级:常见程度副词有far、much、even、still、a lot、a little等,用于加强比较的程度,置于比较级前面。例:This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本有趣得多)。3. 并列结构:句中smaller, faster, more reliable, and consumed...构成并列,consumed与were并列作谓语,因此less修饰power,与前面的比较级形式保持一致。3. In 1958, Jack Kilby demonstrated the first working integrated circuit, __________ combined several transistors on a single piece of semiconductor material.答案:which翻译:1958年,杰克·基尔比展示了第一个可工作的集成电路,该电路将多个晶体管集成在一块半导体材料上。解析:空格前为逗号,逗号后为一个完整的句子,且没有连词,因此判断此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词为the first working integrated circuit(先行词指物),且在定语从句中作主语,故用关系代词which引导;that不能引导非限制性定语从句,因此排除。核心知识点:1. 非限制性定语从句:① 用逗号与主句隔开,对先行词进行补充说明,去掉后不影响主句的完整性;② 先行词指物时,用which引导,不能用that;先行词指人时,用who/whom引导,不能用that;③ 关系代词which在从句中可作主语、宾语,作宾语时可省略,但非限制性定语从句中即使作宾语也不能省略。2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:① 限制性定语从句无逗号,对先行词起限定作用,去掉后主句意思不完整;② 非限制性定语从句有逗号,起补充说明作用,去掉后主句意思仍完整。例:This is the book that I bought yesterday.(限制性,“我昨天买的那本书”,限定书的范围);This book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.(非限制性,补充说明“这本书是我昨天买的”)。3. 先行词的判断:此处先行词为the first working integrated circuit,而非Jack Kilby,因为从句描述的是“集成电路”的功能,而非“人”的动作,因此排除who/whom。4. Today, the smartphone in your pocket is millions of times more powerful than the computers __________ guided the Apollo missions to the moon.答案:that/which翻译:如今,你口袋里的智能手机,其性能比引导阿波罗登月任务的计算机强大数百万倍。解析:空格处引导限制性定语从句,先行词为the computers(指物),且在定语从句中作主语,因此可用关系代词that或which引导,二者可互换。核心知识点:1. 限制性定语从句(指物):先行词指物时,关系代词可用that或which,二者的区别:① 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时,只能用that;② 当先行词被序数词、最高级、the only, the very等修饰时,只能用that;③ 当先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that;④ 其他情况下,that和which可互换。2. 倍数表达法:“倍数 + more powerful than...”表示“比……强大多少倍”,常见的倍数表达结构还有:① 倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as;② 倍数 + the + 名词(size/length/strength等) + of。例:This room is three times as big as that one.(这个房间是那个的三倍大);This room is three times the size of that one.(同上)。3. 定语从句的主谓一致:定语从句的谓语动词单复数由先行词决定,此处先行词为the computers(复数),因此从句谓语动词guided用原形(过去式,与主句时态一致)。5. It wasn’t a big event, __________ was it the kind of eye-catching climate action that makes headlines, but small things like this add up over time.答案:nor翻译:这不是一件大事,也不是那种上头条的引人注目的气候行动,但这类小事久而久之会积少成多。解析:句子前半部分为否定句(It wasn’t a big event),空格后为倒装结构(was it...),结合句意“也不是”,判断此处为“neither/nor + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语”的倒装结构,表示“……也不”。neither和nor可互换,此处空格后为was,符合倒装结构要求。核心知识点:1. 否定倒装结构:① neither/nor + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语,表示“前者不……,后者也不……”,用于承接前面的否定句;② so + 助动词/情态动词/系动词 + 主语,表示“前者……,后者也……”,用于承接前面的肯定句。例:He doesn’t like coffee, nor does she.(他不喜欢咖啡,她也不喜欢);He likes coffee, so does she.(他喜欢咖啡,她也喜欢)。2. 固定搭配:not...nor... 表示“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列的否定成分,此处连接a big event和the kind of eye-catching climate action。3. 定语从句:that makes headlines为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the kind of eye-catching climate action,that在从句中作主语。6. If you’re passionate about the environment and keeping our __________ (surround) rubbish-free, I encourage you to hold your own cleanup event!答案:surroundings翻译:如果你热衷于环境事业,希望保持我们周围环境的整洁无垃圾,我鼓励你举办自己的清理活动!解析:空格前为形容词性物主代词our,因此空格处需填入名词。surround为动词,意为“包围”,其名词形式为surrounding(单数,指“周围的事物、环境”)或surroundings(复数,指“周围的环境、周边情况”),此处结合句意“我们的周围环境”,常用复数形式surroundings,更强调具体的周边环境。核心知识点:1. 词性转换:surround(v. 包围、环绕)→ surrounding(adj. 周围的;n. 环境,单数)→ surroundings(n. 环境,复数)。常见搭配:in the surrounding area(在周边地区);live in pleasant surroundings(生活在舒适的环境中)。2. 形容词性物主代词的用法:our、your、his、her等形容词性物主代词后必须接名词,不能接动词或形容词。例:our home(我们的家)、her book(她的书)。3. 固定搭配:be passionate about sth(热衷于某事);keep sth + 形容词(使某物保持某种状态),此处rubbish-free为形容词短语,意为“无垃圾的”。7. I think it’s high time __________ we, as a collective, began to return the favor.答案:that翻译:我认为,现在是我们作为一个整体开始回报的时候了。解析:本题考查固定句型“It’s high time that...”,意为“到了……的时候了”,其中that为引导词,可省略;从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气,常用一般过去时(began),表示“应该做某事”,暗含“现在该做但还没做”的含义。核心知识点:1. 固定句型It’s high time that...:① 核心含义:“到了该做某事的紧急时刻”,high在此处加强语气,意为“正是、该”;② 从句虚拟语气:从句谓语动词用一般过去时(表示对现在的虚拟),或“should + 动词原形”(should不可省略),例:It’s high time that we took action.(到了我们采取行动的时候了)= It’s high time that we should take action.。2. 引导词that的用法:此处that引导同位语从句,解释说明time的具体内容,that无实际意义,可省略,但在正式语境中通常保留。3. 短语return the favor:意为“回报、还人情”,同义短语有repay the favor、return a favor。8. In recent years, the concept of green development __________ (accept) by more and more people worldwide. As global environmental problems become increasingly serious, promoting low-carbon life and sustainable development has become a common goal of humanity.答案:has been accepted翻译:近年来,绿色发展理念已被世界范围内越来越多的人所接受。随着全球环境问题日益严重,倡导低碳生活和可持续发展已成为人类的共同目标。解析:句子时间状语为In recent years(近年来),通常与现在完成时连用;主语the concept of green development(绿色发展理念)与谓语动词accept(接受)之间为被动关系(理念被人们接受),因此此处需用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为“have/has been + 过去分词”。主语为单数,故用has been accepted。核心知识点:1. 现在完成时的用法:时间状语为in recent years、since、for + 一段时间、so far、up to now等时,常用现在完成时,表示“从过去某一时间开始,持续到现在的动作或状态”。2. 被动语态:① 结构:be + 过去分词,不同时态的被动语态需变化be动词的形式;② 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词,用于表示“过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,且动作的承受者作主语”。例:The book has been read by many students.(这本书已被很多学生读过)。3. 常见易错点:区分主动语态与被动语态,当主语是动作的执行者时用主动语态,是动作的承受者时用被动语态;注意现在完成时的被动语态中,been不能省略,过去分词要拼写正确(accept→accepted)。4. 短语:promote low-carbon life(倡导低碳生活);sustainable development(可持续发展);a common goal of humanity(人类的共同目标)。9. Household garbage __________ (classify) carefully can be recycled and reused, __________ is an effective way to save resources and protect the environment.答案:classified; which翻译:经过仔细分类的生活垃圾可以被回收再利用,这是节约资源和保护环境的有效方法。解析:第一空:空格处修饰household garbage(生活垃圾),且household garbage与classify(分类)之间为被动关系(垃圾被分类),因此用过去分词classified作后置定语,相当于“which is classified carefully”;第二空:逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面整个句子(“垃圾分类后可回收再利用”这件事),因此用关系代词which引导,在从句中作主语。核心知识点:1. 过去分词作后置定语:过去分词(done)作后置定语,修饰前面的名词,表被动、完成,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。例:The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.(鲁迅写的那本书很有名)= The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous.。2. 非限制性定语从句(指代整个句子):当非限制性定语从句的先行词是前面整个句子时,只能用which引导,不能用that,which在从句中作主语或宾语。例:He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.(他通过了考试,这让他的父母很开心)。3. 被动语态与非谓语动词的区别:此处第一空若用is classified,则句子会出现两个谓语动词(is classified和can be recycled),且无连词连接,语法错误,因此必须用非谓语动词(classified)作定语。4. 短语:household garbage(生活垃圾);recycle and reuse(回收再利用);save resources(节约资源);protect the environment(保护环境)。10. They upgrade production technology, use clean energy and reduce resource waste, __________ (aim) to achieve economic growth and environmental protection at the same time.答案:aiming翻译:他们升级生产技术、使用清洁能源、减少资源浪费,旨在同时实现经济增长和环境保护。解析:句子主干为“They upgrade..., use... and reduce...”,三个动词并列作谓语,空格处需填入非谓语动词,作伴随状语。主语they与aim(旨在、目的是)之间为主动关系(他们主动旨在实现……),因此用现在分词aiming。核心知识点:1. 现在分词作伴随状语:现在分词(doing)作伴随状语,置于句末,表主动、伴随,说明主语在进行主句动作的同时,还在进行另一个动作,相当于“and they aim to...”。例:He sat at the desk, reading a book.(他坐在书桌前,读着一本书)。2. 非谓语动词作目的状语与伴随状语的区别:① 不定式(to do)表目的,强调“为了做某事”;② 现在分词(doing)表伴随,强调“同时进行的动作”。此处“aiming to...”是“升级技术、使用清洁能源”的伴随动作,说明这些动作的目的,而非单独的目的状语,因此用aiming,不用to aim。3. 短语:upgrade production technology(升级生产技术);clean energy(清洁能源);resource waste(资源浪费);economic growth(经济增长);at the same time(同时)。4. 动词aim的用法:① aim to do sth(旨在做某事、打算做某事);② aim at doing sth(瞄准、旨在做某事),例:She aims to become a teacher.(她打算成为一名老师);He aimed at passing the exam.(他旨在通过考试)。11. A two-week cultural exchange program__________ (stage) at the Confucius Institute of the University of Granada in Spain not long ago and now it is popular with students, __________ (share) Chinese kung fu with martial arts (武术) enthusiasts through lectures and training sessions.答案:was staged; sharing翻译:不久前,一个为期两周的文化交流项目在西班牙格拉纳达大学孔子学院举办,现在它受到了学生们的欢迎,通过讲座和培训课程与武术爱好者分享中国功夫。解析:第一空:时间状语为not long ago(不久前),与一般过去时连用;主语a two-week cultural exchange program(一个为期两周的文化交流项目)与stage(举办、上演)之间为被动关系(项目被举办),因此用一般过去时的被动语态was staged;第二空:空格处为非谓语动词,作伴随状语,主语it(指代项目)与share(分享)之间为主动关系,因此用现在分词sharing。核心知识点:1. 一般过去时的被动语态:结构为“was/were + 过去分词”,用于表示“过去某个时间发生的被动动作”,时间状语常为yesterday、last week、not long ago等。例:The meeting was held last Monday.(会议于上周一举行)。2. 现在分词作伴随状语:同第10题,此处sharing说明“项目受欢迎”的同时,还在做“分享中国功夫”这件事,表主动、伴随。3. 短语:a two-week cultural exchange program(一个为期两周的文化交流项目);Confucius Institute(孔子学院);be popular with(受……欢迎);martial arts enthusiasts(武术爱好者);through lectures and training sessions(通过讲座和培训课程)。4. 动词stage的用法:① 及物动词,意为“举办、上演、 staging”,例:stage a concert(举办一场音乐会);② 名词,意为“舞台、阶段”,例:on the stage(在舞台上)。12. The students are passionate, hardworking and adaptable to different cultures, some of __________ have even made the journey to China several times__________ (take) their kung fu practice to the next level.答案:whom; to take翻译:这些学生热情、勤奋,且能适应不同的文化,其中一些人甚至多次前往中国,以便将他们的功夫练习提升到更高水平。解析:第一空:逗号后为非限制性定语从句,先行词为the students(指人),且从句中出现some of(其中一些),因此用关系代词whom(指代人,作of的宾语);第二空:空格处为非谓语动词,表目的(“前往中国”的目的是“提升功夫水平”),因此用不定式to take。核心知识点:1. 非限制性定语从句(指人,含some of):当先行词指人,且从句中出现some of、most of、all of等短语时,关系代词用whom(作宾语)或whose(作定语),不能用that。例:There are many students in the class, some of whom are from foreign countries.(班里有很多学生,其中一些来自外国)。2. 不定式作目的状语:to take在此处表目的,说明“made the journey to China”的目的,相当于“in order to take”,in order to可省略,直接用to do。3. 短语:be adaptable to(能适应……);make the journey to(前往……);take...to the next level(将……提升到更高水平);kung fu practice(功夫练习)。4. 易错点:第一空若用them,则逗号前后为两个独立句子,无连词连接,语法错误,因此必须用关系代词whom引导定语从句,使句子结构完整。13. As Chinese martial arts continue to gain __________ (popular) in Spain, more enthusiasts travel to China for training, and some have even established martial arts schools in Spain.答案:popularity翻译:随着中国武术在西班牙不断获得 popularity,越来越多的爱好者前往中国接受训练,一些人甚至在西班牙建立了武术学校。解析:空格前为及物动词gain(获得、赢得),因此空格处需填入名词作宾语。popular为形容词,意为“受欢迎的”,其名词形式为popularity(不可数名词),意为“受欢迎、普及”。核心知识点:1. 词性转换:popular(adj. 受欢迎的)→ popularity(n. 受欢迎、普及),不可数名词,无复数形式。常见搭配:gain popularity(获得受欢迎度、普及);enjoy great popularity(非常受欢迎)。例:The song gained great popularity among young people.(这首歌在年轻人中非常受欢迎)。2. 连词as的用法:此处as为连词,意为“随着”,引导时间状语从句,强调“中国武术普及”与“爱好者前往中国”两个动作同时进行。3. 短语:Chinese martial arts(中国武术);travel to China for training(前往中国接受训练);establish martial arts schools(建立武术学校)。14. Many people may consider Chinese kung fu an effective way to get fit, __________ it is, to be honest, much more than that.答案:but/yet翻译:很多人可能认为中国功夫是一种有效的健身方式,但说实话,它远不止于此。解析:空格前半句意为“很多人认为功夫是健身方式”,后半句意为“它远不止于此”,前后为转折关系,因此用转折连词but或yet(二者可互换,yet语气稍弱,更具书面语色彩)。核心知识点:1. 转折连词的用法:① but:最常用的转折连词,表“但是”,连接两个并列的分句,语气较强;② yet:可作转折连词,表“然而、但是”,常置于句首或句中,语气比but弱,常用于书面语;③ however:转折副词,表“然而”,需用逗号与主句隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。例:He is young, but he is very experienced.(他很年轻,但经验很丰富);It was raining, yet we went out.(当时在下雨,但我们还是出去了)。2. 插入语:to be honest(说实话)为插入语,插入语不影响句子的语法结构,可置于句中、句首或句末,常用逗号与主句隔开。常见的插入语还有:in my opinion(在我看来)、on the other hand(另一方面)、as a matter of fact(事实上)等。3. 短语:consider sth sth(认为某物是某物),此处consider Chinese kung fu an effective way(认为中国功夫是一种有效方式);get fit(健身、保持健康);much more than that(远不止于此)。15. These gray-and-white robots, __________ (arm) with cameras and sensors, mark the latest innovation in Beijing’s effort __________ (build) a smarter and safer city.答案:armed; to build翻译:这些黑白相间的机器人配备了摄像头和传感器,是北京努力打造更智能、更安全城市的最新创新成果。解析:第一空:空格处为非谓语动词,作后置定语,修饰robots(机器人);robots与arm(配备、武装)之间为被动关系(机器人被配备摄像头),且arm常用搭配为“be armed with”(配备有……),因此用过去分词armed;第二空:空格处为非谓语动词,作后置定语,修饰effort(努力),effort后常用不定式to do作定语,表“做某事的努力”,因此用to build。核心知识点:1. 过去分词作后置定语(含固定搭配):be armed with为固定搭配,意为“配备有……”,此处armed with cameras and sensors作后置定语,相当于“which are armed with cameras and sensors”。类似的固定搭配还有:be dressed in(穿着……)、be equipped with(配备有……),其过去分词形式均可作后置定语。例:The girl dressed in red is my sister.(穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹)。2. 不定式作后置定语:当名词为effort、ability、chance、opportunity、wish等时,常用不定式to do作后置定语,表“做某事的……”。例:He made an effort to finish the task.(他努力完成任务);I have a chance to go abroad.(我有一个出国的机会)。3. 短语:gray-and-white robots(黑白相间的机器人);cameras and sensors(摄像头和传感器);the latest innovation(最新创新成果);build a smarter and safer city(打造更智能、更安全的城市)。16. Each dog __________ (weigh) about 65 kilograms and can work in heavy rain or extreme heat.答案:weighs翻译:每只狗重约65公斤,并且能在大雨或酷热天气下工作。解析:句子主语为each dog(每只狗),each后接单数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;句子描述的是客观事实(狗的体重),因此用一般现在时,weigh的第三人称单数形式为weighs。核心知识点:1. 主谓一致:each + 单数名词(或each of + 复数名词)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例:Each student has a book.(每个学生都有一本书);Each of the boys likes playing football.(每个男孩都喜欢踢足球)。2. 动词weigh的用法:① 不及物动词,意为“重……”,主语为物品或人,后面直接接重量,例:The box weighs 10 kilograms.(这个箱子重10公斤);② 及物动词,意为“称重”,例:The shop assistant weighed the apples.(店员称了苹果的重量)。3. 短语:heavy rain(大雨);extreme heat(酷热);work in...(在……环境下工作)。二、举一反三题目(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析及知识点)1. __________ (devote) nearly all his time to scientific research, he made great achievements in the field of physics and was awarded many honors.答案:Devoting翻译:他几乎把所有时间都投入到科学研究中,因此在物理学领域取得了巨大成就,并获得了许多荣誉。解析:句子主干为“he made great achievements... and was awarded many honors”,空格处为非谓语动词,作原因状语。主语he与devote(投入)之间为主动关系(他主动投入时间),因此用现在分词Devoting(句首首字母大写);若用Devoted,则需与to搭配(be devoted to),此处无be动词,因此排除。核心知识点:1. 现在分词作原因状语:现在分词(doing)作原因状语,置于句首,表主动、原因,相当于“Because he devoted nearly all his time...”。例:Being ill, he didn’t go to school.(因为生病,他没去上学)。2. 动词devote的用法:① devote sth to sth(把某物投入到某物中),to为介词,后接名词或动名词;② be devoted to sth(致力于某事),devoted为形容词,例:He is devoted to his work.(他致力于他的工作)。3. 并列结构:句中made great achievements和was awarded many honors并列作谓语,时态均为一般过去时,保持一致。2. The reason why he failed the exam is __________ he didn’t pay enough attention to his studies and often skipped classes.答案:that翻译:他考试不及格的原因是他没有足够重视学习,而且经常逃课。解析:本题考查表语从句,句子主干为“The reason is...”,why he failed the exam为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the reason;空格处引导表语从句,表语从句结构完整、语义明确,无疑问含义,因此用that引导,that无实际意义,不可省略(在reason作主语的表语从句中,that通常不能省略)。核心知识点:1. 表语从句:① 引导词that:当表语从句结构完整、无疑问含义时,用that引导,that无实际意义,可省略,但在reason作主语的表语从句中,that不能省略;② 引导词whether/if:表“是否”,引导有疑问含义的表语从句;③ 连接代词/副词(what、who、how等):引导表语从句且在从句中作成分。2. 固定句型The reason why...is that...:意为“……的原因是……”,why引导定语从句,修饰the reason,that引导表语从句,解释原因的具体内容。例:The reason why I was late is that I missed the bus.(我迟到的原因是我错过了公交车)。3. 短语:fail the exam(考试不及格);pay attention to(重视、关注);skip classes(逃课)。3. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane __________ (take) off, so we had to change our flight to the next day.答案:had taken翻译:当我们到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了,所以我们不得不把航班改成第二天的。解析:时间状语By the time we arrived...(当我们到达……时),arrived为一般过去时,“飞机起飞”发生在“到达机场”之前,即“过去的过去”,因此用过去完成时,结构为“had + 过去分词”,take的过去分词为taken,故填had taken。核心知识点:1. 过去完成时的用法:表示“过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作”,即“过去的过去”,时间状语常为by the time + 一般过去时从句、before + 一般过去时从句、by + 过去时间点等。例:By last year, he had learned English for 10 years.(到去年为止,他已经学了10年英语了)。2. 短语:arrive at the airport(到达机场);take off(起飞,过去分词为taken);change the flight(更改航班)。3. 易错点:区分一般过去时与过去完成时,一般过去时表示“过去某个时间发生的动作”,过去完成时表示“过去的过去”发生的动作,二者有明显的时间先后顺序。4. It is reported that a new library __________ (build) in our school next year, which will provide more books and resources for students and teachers.答案:will be built翻译:据报道,我们学校明年将建一座新图书馆,这将为学生和教师提供更多的书籍和资源。解析:句子时间状语为next year(明年),与一般将来时连用;主语a new library(一座新图书馆)与build(建造)之间为被动关系(图书馆被建造),因此用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”,build的过去分词为built,故填will be built。核心知识点:1. 一般将来时的被动语态:结构为“will be + 过去分词”,用于表示“将来某个时间会发生的被动动作”。例:A new bridge will be built over the river next year.(明年这条河上将会建一座新桥)。2. 固定句型It is reported that...:意为“据报道……”,it为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的that从句。类似的句型还有:It is said that...(据说……)、It is believed that...(人们相信……)、It is known that...(众所周知……)。3. 非限制性定语从句:which will provide...为非限制性定语从句,先行词为a new library,which在从句中作主语。5. The teacher suggested that we __________ (prepare) for the exam in advance and avoid putting off our study until the last minute.答案:(should) prepare翻译:老师建议我们提前为考试做准备,避免把学习拖到最后一刻。解析:本题考查虚拟语气,动词suggest(建议)后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气,结构为“(should) + 动词原形”,should可省略。因此空格处可填prepare或should prepare。核心知识点:1. 虚拟语气(suggest后的宾语从句):① 当suggest意为“建议”时,后接宾语从句,从句用“(should) + 动词原形”;② 当suggest意为“表明、暗示”时,后接宾语从句,用陈述语气,不用虚拟语气。例:He suggested that we (should) go there early.(他建议我们早点去那里);His expression suggested that he was angry.(他的表情表明他生气了)。2. 类似用法的动词:除了suggest,还有advise(建议)、propose(提议)、demand(要求)、require(要求)、request(请求)、insist(坚持要求)等,这些动词后接宾语从句时,均需用“(should) + 动词原形”的虚拟语气。3. 短语:prepare for the exam(为考试做准备);in advance(提前);put off(推迟、拖延);until the last minute(直到最后一刻)。6. __________ is often the case, many students find it difficult to balance their study and after-school activities, leading to great pressure.答案:As翻译:正如通常情况那样,很多学生发现很难平衡学习和课外活动,这导致了很大的压力。解析:空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且从句位于句首,结合句意“正如通常情况那样”,判断此处用as引导。as引导非限制性定语从句时,可置于句首、句中或句末,意为“正如、就像”,常与as is often the case(正如通常情况那样)、as we all know(众所周知)等固定搭配连用;which不能置于句首引导非限制性定语从句,因此排除。核心知识点:1. as引导非限制性定语从句:① 位置:可置于句首、句中、句末,which只能置于句中或句末;② 含义:意为“正如、就像”,常与固定搭配连用;③ 指代:可指代前面整个句子或某个部分。例:As we all know, the earth is round.(众所周知,地球是圆的);He passed the exam, as we expected.(正如我们所期待的那样,他通过了考试)。2. 固定搭配as is often the case:意为“正如通常情况那样”,为常用句型,as在从句中作主语。3. 非谓语动词leading to...:现在分词短语作结果状语,表“自然而然的结果”,相当于“which leads to...”。例:He made a lot of mistakes, leading to his failure.(他犯了很多错误,导致了他的失败)。4. 短语:balance study and after-school activities(平衡学习和课外活动);lead to(导致);great pressure(很大的压力)。7. The number of people who are interested in learning Chinese __________ (increase) rapidly in recent years, thanks to the growing influence of Chinese culture around the world.答案:has increased翻译:近年来,由于中国文化在世界范围内的影响力不断扩大,对学习中文感兴趣的人数正在迅速增加。解析:句子时间状语为in recent years(近年来),与现在完成时连用;主语为the number of people(……的人数),the number of + 复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;主语与increase(增加)之间为主动关系,因此用现在完成时的主动语态has increased。核心知识点:1. 主谓一致:① the number of + 复数名词:意为“……的人数/数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;② a number of + 复数名词:意为“许多……”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例:The number of students is 50.(学生人数是50人);A number of students are reading.(许多学生在读书)。2. 现在完成时的用法:同第8题,in recent years为现在完成时的标志词,表“从过去到现在的持续变化”。3. 定语从句:who are interested in learning Chinese为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词people,who在从句中作主语。4. 短语:be interested in doing sth(对做某事感兴趣);learning Chinese(学习中文);growing influence(不断扩大的影响力);around the world(全世界)。8. Although he __________ (work) in this company for only three years, he has already become one of the most outstanding employees and won the trust of his colleagues.答案:has worked翻译:虽然他在这家公司只工作了三年,但他已经成为最优秀的员工之一,并赢得了同事们的信任。解析:句子中有although引导的让步状语从句,主句用现在完成时(has become...),从句中时间状语为for only three years(只持续了三年),表示“从过去开始,持续到现在的动作”,因此从句也用现在完成时;主语he为单数,故填has worked。核心知识点:1. 现在完成时与让步状语从句:although引导的让步状语从句中,若从句动作持续到现在,且与主句动作有联系,从句可用现在完成时,主句也用现在完成时,表“虽然……,但已经……”。2. 短语:work in a company(在一家公司工作);for only three years(只持续了三年);one of the most outstanding employees(最优秀的员工之一);win the trust of sb(赢得某人的信任)。3. 最高级:the most outstanding为多音节形容词outstanding的最高级,多音节形容词的最高级加most,比较级加more。9. We should attach great importance to protecting the environment, without __________ our future generations will not have a beautiful home to live in.答案:which翻译:我们应该高度重视环境保护,没有环境保护,我们的后代将没有美丽的家园可居住。解析:空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为protecting the environment(环境保护),且从句中出现介词without(没有),without后需接宾语,因此用关系代词which(指代protecting the environment)作without的宾语;that不能用于介词后引导定语从句,因此排除。核心知识点:1. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句:① 当定语从句中的介词提前时,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),不能用that;② 介词的选择:可根据先行词的搭配、从句中动词的搭配来确定。例:This is the book about which we talked yesterday.(这是我们昨天谈论的那本书);He is the man with whom I worked.(他是和我一起工作的那个人)。2. 固定搭配:attach great importance to sth(高度重视某物),to为介词,后接名词或动名词,此处protecting the environment为动名词短语作宾语。3. 不定式作后置定语:to live in为后置定语,修饰a beautiful home,live为不及物动词,后面需加介词in,与home构成搭配(live in a home)。10. Having finished his homework, he went out to play basketball, __________ (leave) all his books and notebooks on the desk carelessly.答案:leaving翻译:完成作业后,他出去打篮球了,不小心把所有的书和笔记本都留在了桌子上。解析:句子主干为“he went out to play basketball”,前面Having finished his homework为现在分词的完成式,作时间状语,表“完成作业后,再出去打篮球”;空格处为现在分词作结果状语,主语he与leave(留下)之间为主动关系,且“留下书和笔记本”是“出去打篮球”的偶然结果,因此用现在分词leaving。核心知识点:1. 现在分词的完成式(having done):作时间状语,表“先于主句动作发生的动作”,即“先完成作业,再出去打篮球”。例:Having cleaned the room, she went to cook.(打扫完房间后,她去做饭了)。2. 现在分词作结果状语:现在分词作结果状语,可表“偶然结果”或“自然而然的结果”,此处“留下书和笔记本”是“出去打篮球”的偶然结果;若表“自然而然的结果”,常用thus/therefore + doing。例:It rained heavily, causing a flood.(雨下得很大,导致了洪水)。3. 短语:finish one’s homework(完成作业);go out to play basketball(出去打篮球);leave sth on the desk(把某物留在桌子上);carelessly(粗心地,副词修饰动词leave)。11. It is not until we lose something __________ we realize how precious it is and how much we value it.答案:that翻译:直到我们失去某样东西,我们才意识到它有多珍贵,我们有多珍惜它。解析:本题考查强调句型“It is not until...that...”,意为“直到……才……”,用于强调时间状语not until we lose something。强调句型的基本结构为“It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”,当被强调部分为时间状语时,只能用that引导,不能用when。核心知识点:1. 强调句型:① 基本结构:It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、状语) + that/who + 其他部分;② 被强调部分为人时,可用who或that;被强调部分为物或状语时,只能用that;③ 否定形式:It is not until...that...(直到……才……),not until不能分开,且that后的句子用肯定形式,不用否定形式。例:It is not until midnight that he went to bed.(直到午夜他才去睡觉);It was Tom who helped me yesterday.(昨天是汤姆帮助了我)。2. 常见易错点:区分强调句型与状语从句,强调句型中去掉It is/was和that/who后,句子结构依然完整;若为状语从句,去掉后句子结构不完整。例:It is midnight when he went to bed.(这是时间状语从句,去掉It is和when后,midnight he went to bed结构不完整);It is at midnight that he went to bed.(这是强调句型,去掉It is和that后,he went to bed at midnight结构完整)。3. 短语:lose something(失去某物);how precious it is(它有多珍贵);how much we value it(我们有多珍惜它)。12. With the development of artificial intelligence, more and more jobs __________ (replace) by robots in the future, which will bring great changes to our work and life.答案:will be replaced翻译:随着人工智能的发展,未来将会有越来越多的工作被机器人取代,这将给我们的工作和生活带来巨大变化。解析:句子时间状语为in the future(在未来),与一般将来时连用;主语more and more jobs(越来越多的工作)与replace(取代)之间为被动关系(工作被机器人取代),因此用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 过去分词”,replace的过去分词为replaced,故填will be replaced。核心知识点:1. 一般将来时的被动语态:同第4题,结构为“will be + 过去分词”,表“未来某个时间会发生的被动动作”,常与in the future、tomorrow、soon等时间状语连用。2. 介词短语With the development of...:意为“随着……的发展”,为常用表达,后接名词,例:With the development of science and technology, our life becomes better and better.(随着科技的发展,我们的生活变得越来越好)。3. 非限制性定语从句:which will bring...为非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子“越来越多的工作被机器人取代”这件事,which在从句中作主语。13. She is the only one of the students who __________ (win) the first prize in the English competition three times so far.答案:has won翻译:她是这些学生中唯一一位到目前为止已经三次获得英语竞赛一等奖的人。解析:句子时间状语为so far(到目前为止),与现在完成时连用;先行词为the only one of the students(学生中唯一的一个),the only one of + 复数名词作先行词时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式(强调“唯一的一个”);主语who(指代the only one)与win(赢得)之间为主动关系,因此用现在完成时的主动语态has won。核心知识点:1. 主谓一致(the only one of + 复数名词):① the only one of + 复数名词作先行词时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数,强调“唯一的一个”;② one of + 复数名词作先行词时,定语从句的谓语动词用复数,强调“其中之一”。例:She is one of the students who have won the prize.(她是获奖的学生之一);She is the only one of the students who has won the prize.(她是唯一获奖的学生)。2. 现在完成时的用法:so far为现在完成时的标志词,表“从过去到现在持续发生的动作或状态”,常与次数连用(如three times)。3. 短语:win the first prize(获得一等奖);English competition(英语竞赛);three times(三次);so far(到目前为止)。14. No matter how difficult the problem is, we should keep calm and try our best to solve it, instead of __________ (give) up easily.答案:giving翻译:无论问题有多难,我们都应该保持冷静,尽力去解决它,而不是轻易放弃。解析:空格前为介词instead of(而不是),介词后需接名词、代词或动名词作宾语,因此空格处需填入give的动名词形式giving。instead of表示“代替、而不是”,前后连接的成分形式需一致,此处连接try our best to solve it(动词短语)与giving up(动名词短语),符合语法要求。核心知识点:1. 介词后接动名词:常见的介词(如of、in、on、at、instead of、before、after等)后需接动名词(doing)作宾语,不能接动词原形。例:He is good at playing football.(他擅长踢足球);Instead of watching TV, he went to study.(他没有看电视,而是去学习了)。2. 让步状语从句No matter how...:意为“无论多么……”,相当于however,引导让步状语从句,结构为“No matter how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语”。例:No matter how hard he works, he never gives up.(无论他工作多努力,他从不放弃)。3. 短语:keep calm(保持冷静);try one’s best to do sth(尽力做某事);solve the problem(解决问题);give up(放弃);easily(轻易地,副词修饰动名词giving up)。15. What surprised us most was that he __________ (overcome) so many difficulties in such a short time and achieved his dream successfully.答案:had overcome翻译:最让我们惊讶的是,他在这么短的时间内克服了这么多困难,并成功实现了他的梦想。解析:句子主干为“What surprised us most was that...”,What surprised us most为主语从句,was为系动词,that引导表语从句;“克服困难”(overcome difficulties)发生在“让我们惊讶”(surprised us)之前,即“过去的过去”,因此表语从句中用过去完成时,结构为“had + 过去分词”,overcome的过去分词为overcome(不规则变化),故填had overcome。核心知识点:1. 过去完成时的用法:同第3题,表“过去的过去”,即一个过去的动作(surprised)之前发生的另一个过去动作(overcome),常用在表语从句、宾语从句中,体现动作的先后顺序。2. 主语从句What surprised us most:what引导主语从句,在从句中作主语,意为“让我们最惊讶的事情”。类似的主语从句还有:What he said is true.(他说的话是真的)。3. 短语:surprise sb(让某人惊讶);overcome difficulties(克服困难);in such a short time(在这么短的时间内);achieve one’s dream(实现某人的梦想);successfully(成功地,副词修饰动词achieved)。4. 不规则动词变化:overcome(原形)→ overcame(过去式)→ overcome(过去分词),类似的不规则动词还有come(come→came→come)、become(become→became→become)等。第二组1. A camera and searchlights sit on its head, and its back can carry gas detectors or explosion-proof tools. This allows the dogs to take on many roles, __________ safety checks to emergency tasks.答案:from翻译:它的头上装有摄像头和探照灯,背上可以携带气体探测器或防爆工具。这使得这些狗能够承担多种角色,从安全检查到紧急任务。详细解析:本题考查固定搭配from...to...,意为“从……到……”,用于连接两个并列的名词(短语),表示范围的跨度。空格后“safety checks”(安全检查)和“emergency tasks”(紧急任务)是并列关系,描述狗承担的角色范围,因此填入from,构成“from safety checks to emergency tasks”(从安全检查到紧急任务)的结构,符合句意。核心知识点及拓展:1. 固定搭配from...to...:最基础用法是“从……到……”,可表示时间、地点、范围、程度等,后接名词、代词或动名词。例:She works from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.(她从上午9点工作到下午5点,表时间);He walked from the station to his home.(他从车站走到家,表地点)。2. 同义替换及易混搭配:- from...until/till...:侧重“从……直到……”,强调时间的终点,如:I waited from dawn until dusk.(我从黎明等到黄昏)。- range from...to...:表示“范围从……到……”,侧重范围的变化,如:The prices range from 100 yuan to 500 yuan.(价格从100元到500元不等)。3. 本题易错点:误填including(包括),但including后接名词作定语,无法连接两个并列的范围;误填between,between通常与and搭配,构成between...and...(在……和……之间),侧重两者之间的选择或位置,不符合句意。2. With a total area of 43,411 hectares (公顷) and 96.5 percent forest __________ (cover), this nature reserve is home to many rare and endangered species such as the grey snub-nosed monkey, the Chinese Dove tree, the Fanjingshan Fir tree, __________ an old-growth forest eco-system.答案:coverage; and翻译:该自然保护区总面积43411公顷,森林覆盖率达96.5%,是灰叶猴、珙桐、梵净山冷杉等多种珍稀濒危物种的家园,也是一片原始森林生态系统的所在地。详细解析:第一空考查名词用法,空格前有形容词96.5 percent(96.5%)修饰,需填入名词,cover作动词时意为“覆盖”,其名词形式为coverage(覆盖率、覆盖范围),forest coverage为固定搭配,意为“森林覆盖率”;第二空考查并列连词,空格前列举了多种珍稀物种(灰叶猴、珙桐、梵净山冷杉),空格后“an old-growth forest eco-system”(原始森林生态系统)是并列的内容,因此填入and,表并列关系,连接多个并列的名词短语。核心知识点及拓展:1. cover的词性及用法:- 动词(v.):覆盖;包含;采访;掩护,例:The snow covered the ground.(雪覆盖了地面);The book covers many topics.(这本书包含很多话题)。- 名词(n.):封面;覆盖物;保险;覆盖率(此时常用coverage,cover作“覆盖率”时较少见,多为coverage),常见搭配:forest coverage(森林覆盖率)、media coverage(媒体报道)、insurance coverage(保险范围)。2. 并列连词and的用法:and是最常用的并列连词,可连接两个或多个并列的名词、代词、形容词、动词、句子等,表“和、并且”,连接多个并列成分时,通常在最后一个成分前加and(即“A, B, and C”结构),本题即为此用法。3. 易混词辨析:cover(动词/名词)vs. coverage(名词):- cover作名词时,侧重“具体的覆盖物、封面”,如:the cover of the book(书的封面);- coverage侧重“抽象的覆盖范围、覆盖率、报道”,如:TV coverage of the event(电视对该事件的报道)、forest coverage(森林覆盖率)。4. 易错点:第一空误填covering(现在分词),但空格前是“96.5 percent”,修饰的是名词,需用名词形式coverage;第二空误填or(或者),or表选择关系,而本题是并列关系,因此不能用or。3. Inside the nature reserve, one can find layer upon layer of mountains and valleys, clear streams __________ (flow) into deep blue lakes, and mighty frozen waterfalls __________ form shimmering ice cascades in winter, making for __________ even more spectacular landscape.答案:flowing; that/which; an翻译:在自然保护区内,人们可以看到层层叠叠的山峦和山谷,清澈的溪流汇入深蓝色的湖泊,以及壮观的冰冻瀑布——这些瀑布在冬天会形成闪闪发光的冰瀑,构成了一幅更加壮丽的景观。详细解析:第一空考查非谓语动词,空格前“clear streams”(清澈的溪流)与动词flow(流动)是主动关系,即溪流主动流动,因此用现在分词flowing作后置定语,修饰clear streams;第二空考查定语从句,先行词是“mighty frozen waterfalls”(壮观的冰冻瀑布),指物,定语从句中缺少主语,因此用关系代词that或which引导;第三空考查冠词,空格后“even more spectacular landscape”(更加壮丽的景观)中,landscape是可数名词单数,且even以元音音素开头,因此用不定冠词an修饰。核心知识点及拓展:1. 非谓语动词(现在分词作后置定语):- 用法:当被修饰的名词与动词之间是主动关系,且动作正在进行或经常性发生时,用现在分词(doing)作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句(who/which is doing)。例:The girl standing by the window is my sister.(站在窗边的女孩是我妹妹,相当于The girl who is standing by the window...);The river flowing through the city is very clean.(流经这座城市的河流很干净)。- 对比:过去分词(done)作后置定语,表被动或完成,如:The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.(鲁迅写的书很有名)。2. 定语从句(that/which引导):- 先行词指物时,关系代词可用that或which,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;若先行词被最高级、序数词、all、any等修饰,只能用that,本题先行词无特殊修饰,因此that/which均可。例:The book that/which I bought yesterday is interesting.(我昨天买的那本书很有趣,that/which作宾语,可省略);The building that/which stands on the hill is a school.(坐落在山上的那栋楼是一所学校,that/which作主语,不可省略)。3. 冠词an的用法:- 不定冠词an用于元音音素(注意:不是元音字母)开头的可数名词单数前,even / i vn/ 以元音音素/i /开头,因此用an;若以辅音音素开头,则用a。例:an apple(一个苹果)、an hour(一个小时,hour发音/ a /,以元音音素开头)、a book(一本书)。4. 易错点:第一空误填flow(动词原形),但句子中已有谓语动词can find,因此flow不能作谓语,需用非谓语形式;第二空误填where,where是关系副词,在定语从句中作地点状语,而本题定语从句缺少主语,因此不能用where;第三空误填a,even以元音音素开头,需用an。4. Chinese companies have made significant progress in battery technology, motor __________(efficient), and vehicle intelligence.答案:efficiency翻译:中国企业在电池技术、电机效率和车辆智能化方面取得了显著进步。详细解析:本题考查名词用法,空格前有名词motor(电机)修饰,且与battery technology(电池技术)、vehicle intelligence(车辆智能化)是并列关系,三者均为名词短语,因此需将形容词efficient(高效的)转化为名词efficiency(效率),motor efficiency为固定搭配,意为“电机效率”。核心知识点及拓展:1. efficient的词性转换及用法:- 形容词(adj.):高效的;有能力的,常见搭配:efficient use(高效利用)、an efficient worker(高效的工人)。- 名词(n.):efficiency(效率),常见搭配:improve efficiency(提高效率)、motor efficiency(电机效率)、energy efficiency(能源效率)。- 副词(adv.):efficiently(高效地),例:He works efficiently.(他工作效率很高)。2. 并列结构的一致性:当多个成分并列时,词性需保持一致,本题中battery technology(名词短语)、vehicle intelligence(名词短语),因此中间的motor后也需接名词,即efficiency。3. 易混词辨析:efficient vs. effective:- efficient:侧重“高效的”,强调用最少的时间、精力完成任务,如:an efficient machine(高效的机器);- effective:侧重“有效的”,强调达到预期效果,如:an effective method(有效的方法)。4. 易错点:误填efficient(形容词),但形容词不能作介词in的宾语,且与并列成分的词性不一致,需转化为名词efficiency。5. Additionally, great breakthroughs__________(achieve) in autonomous driving technology and smart vehicle systems over the years.答案:have been achieved翻译:此外,这些年来,自动驾驶技术和智能车辆系统取得了重大突破。详细解析:本题考查时态和语态,主语“great breakthroughs”(重大突破)与谓语动词achieve(实现)是被动关系,即突破被实现,因此用被动语态;时间状语“over the years”(这些年来)表示从过去持续到现在的动作,因此用现在完成时,综上,此处用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为have/has been + 过去分词,主语是复数,因此用have been achieved。核心知识点及拓展:1. 现在完成时的被动语态:- 结构:have/has been + 过去分词(done),表示“从过去到现在,某事被做了”,强调动作的结果或对现在的影响。- 标志词:over the years(这些年来)、since(自从)、so far(到目前为止)、in the past few years(在过去几年里)等。例:Many buildings have been built in our city over the past ten years.(过去十年里,我们城市建了很多大楼);The task has been finished on time.(任务已经按时完成了)。2. 被动语态的基本结构:- 一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done,例:The letter is written by her.(这封信是她写的);- 一般过去时被动:was/were + done,例:The bridge was built last year.(这座桥是去年建的);- 一般将来时被动:will be + done,例:The project will be completed next month.(这个项目下个月将完成)。3. achieve的用法:- 及物动词(vt.):实现;取得,常见搭配:achieve a breakthrough(取得突破)、achieve a goal(实现目标)、achieve success(获得成功)。- 名词形式:achievement(成就),例:His achievements are remarkable.(他的成就是非凡的)。4. 易错点:误填have achieved(现在完成时主动语态),但主语breakthroughs与achieve是被动关系,需用被动语态;误填were achieved(一般过去时被动),但时间状语over the years表示持续到现在的动作,需用现在完成时。6. Drawing on large-scale production and cost control capabilities, Chinese manufacturers can offer high-quality NEVs __________relatively low prices, which has enhanced their global competitiveness.答案:at翻译:凭借大规模生产和成本控制能力,中国制造商能够以相对较低的价格提供高质量的新能源汽车,这增强了它们的全球竞争力。详细解析:本题考查固定搭配,“以……价格”用介词at表示,at + 价格是固定用法,意为“以……的价格”,空格后“relatively low prices”(相对较低的价格)是具体价格,因此填入at,构成“offer sth. at low prices”(以低价提供某物)的结构,符合句意。核心知识点及拓展:1. 介词at表示“价格、速度、温度”等的用法:- 后接具体的价格、速度、温度等,表“以……(水平)”,例:at a high price(以高价)、at 60 kilometers per hour(以每小时60公里的速度)、at 25 degrees Celsius(在25摄氏度)。- 常见搭配:sell sth. at a price(以某个价格出售某物)、buy sth. at a discount(以折扣价购买某物)、offer sth. at a low cost(以低成本提供某物)。2. 易混介词辨析(at/for/with表价格):- at:侧重“具体的价格水平”,后接具体数字或形容词+价格,如:at 100 yuan(以100元的价格)、at a low price(以低价);- for:侧重“交换的价格”,后接具体金额,如:I bought the book for 50 yuan.(我花50元买了这本书);- with:侧重“用某种货币支付”,后接货币名称,如:pay with dollars(用美元支付)。3. 本题易错点:误填with或for,with后接货币,for后接具体金额,而本题空格后是“relatively low prices”(低价,不是具体金额),因此只能用at。7. __________there are challenges such as trade barriers in the US and EU markets, Chinese NEV brands are actively exploring overseas markets and enhancing their global presence through technology export and international collaboration.答案:Although/Though/While翻译:尽管存在诸如美国和欧盟市场的贸易壁垒等挑战,但中国新能源汽车品牌正通过技术出口和国际合作,积极开拓海外市场,提升其全球影响力。详细解析:本题考查让步状语从句的引导词,空格前“存在挑战”与空格后“积极开拓海外市场”是转折让步关系,即“虽然有挑战,但仍然在做某事”,因此填入让步状语从句的引导词Although、Though或While,三者均可表示“尽管、虽然”,引导让步状语从句。核心知识点及拓展:1. 让步状语从句引导词(Although/Though/While)的用法及区别:- Although:最常用,可置于句首或句中,不能与but连用(但可与yet、still连用),例:Although he is young, he is very experienced.(尽管他很年轻,但他很有经验)。- Though:用法与although基本一致,可置于句首、句中或句末,口语中更常用,也不能与but连用,例:He is very experienced, though he is young.(他很有经验,尽管他很年轻)。- While:引导让步状语从句时,通常置于句首,强调“对比”,即前后两句的情况相反或相对,例:While some people like coffee, others prefer tea.(尽管有些人喜欢咖啡,另一些人却喜欢茶);本题中“有挑战”与“积极开拓”是对比关系,因此While也适用。2. 让步状语从句的其他引导词:- Even if/Even though:表示“即使、纵然”,语气比although/though更强,表假设性的让步,例:Even if it rains, we will go out.(即使下雨,我们也要出去)。- In spite of/Despite:介词短语,意为“尽管”,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能引导从句,例:In spite of the rain, we went out.(尽管下雨,我们还是出去了)。3. 易错点:误填But,But是并列连词,表转折,不能置于句首引导从句;误填Because,Because表原因,与句意不符;误填If,If表假设,也不符合句意。8. This smart system, __________ (describe) as “freer access at the First Line and regulated access at the Second Line”, allows goods, money, and people to move more freely. This helps businesses save a lot of money and grow __________ (sustainable).答案:described; sustainably翻译:这个被描述为“一线放宽准入、二线规范准入”的智能系统,使得货物、资金和人员能够更自由地流动。这帮助企业节省了大量资金,并实现可持续发展。详细解析:第一空考查非谓语动词,主语“This smart system”(这个智能系统)与动词describe(描述)是被动关系,即系统被描述为……,因此用过去分词described作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句(which is described);第二空考查副词用法,空格前是动词grow(发展、成长),需用副词修饰动词,因此将形容词sustainable(可持续的)转化为副词sustainably(可持续地),修饰grow。核心知识点及拓展:1. 非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语):- 用法:当被修饰的名词与动词之间是被动关系,或动作已完成时,用过去分词(done)作后置定语,相当于定语从句(which is/was done)。例:The letter written by her is very important.(她写的那封信很重要,相当于The letter which was written by her...);The problem solved yesterday is easy.(昨天解决的那个问题很简单)。- 对比:现在分词(doing)作后置定语,表主动、进行,如:The boy playing football is my brother.(踢足球的男孩是我弟弟)。2. 形容词与副词的转换及用法:- 形容词(adj.):修饰名词、代词,作定语或表语,如:a sustainable development(可持续发展,作定语);The development is sustainable.(发展是可持续的,作表语)。- 副词(adv.):修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,作状语,如:grow sustainably(可持续地发展,修饰动词);very sustainably(非常可持续地,修饰副词)。- 转换规则:大部分形容词加-ly构成副词,如:sustainable → sustainably、quick → quickly、slow → slowly;以-y结尾的形容词,变y为i加-ly,如:happy → happily、busy → busily。3. describe的用法:- 及物动词(vt.):描述;形容,常见搭配:describe sth. as...(把某物描述为……),例:She described the scene as beautiful.(她把这个场景描述为美丽的)。- 名词形式:description(描述),例:Can you give a description of the man (你能描述一下那个人吗?)。4. 易错点:第一空误填describing(现在分词),但系统与describe是被动关系,需用过去分词;第二空误填sustainable(形容词),但形容词不能修饰动词grow,需转化为副词sustainably。9. Hainan, __________ the full support of China’s vast market, aims to be a leading gateway for China’s opening-up in the new era.答案:with翻译:海南凭借中国广阔市场的全力支持,旨在成为新时代中国对外开放的主要门户。详细解析:本题考查介词with的用法,with此处表示“凭借、借助”,后接名词短语“the full support of China’s vast market”(中国广阔市场的全力支持),表示海南实现目标所依靠的条件,符合句意;with还可表示“具有、带有”,但本题中更侧重“凭借某种条件”。核心知识点及拓展:1. 介词with表示“凭借、借助”的用法:- 后接名词、代词或名词短语,表示“依靠某种工具、条件、支持等”,例:With his help, I finished the work on time.(凭借他的帮助,我按时完成了工作);He succeeded with his hard work.(他凭借努力工作取得了成功)。2. 介词with的其他常见用法:- 表示“具有、带有”,例:a girl with long hair(一个长头发的女孩);a house with a garden(一栋带花园的房子);- 表示“和……一起”,例:I went to the park with my friend.(我和我的朋友一起去了公园);- 表示“用某种工具”,例:cut the apple with a knife(用刀切苹果)(注意:with后接具体工具,by后接动作方式,如:by working hard(通过努力工作))。3. 易混介词辨析(with/by/through表“凭借”):- with:侧重“凭借工具、条件、支持等”,后接名词;- by:侧重“凭借动作方式、手段”,后接动名词或名词(如by working hard、by bus);- through:侧重“通过某种过程、途径”,后接名词或动名词,如:through practice(通过练习)。4. 易错点:误填by,by后接动作方式,而本题空格后是“支持”(条件),不是动作方式,因此不能用by;误填under,under the support of虽然可表示“在……的支持下”,但不如with the support of常用,且此处更侧重“凭借”,因此with更合适。10. It’s not just about doing shopping; it’s about establishing a stable, transparent and predictable institutional system __________ (attract) high-end resources from around the world in the future.答案:to attract翻译:这不仅仅是关于购物;更是关于建立一个稳定、透明且可预测的制度体系,以便在未来吸引来自世界各地的高端资源。详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(不定式作目的状语),空格前“建立制度体系”的目的是“吸引高端资源”,不定式(to do)可表示目的,意为“为了……”,因此填入to attract,作目的状语,说明建立制度体系的目的。核心知识点及拓展:1. 不定式(to do)作目的状语:- 用法:不定式置于句末(或句首,用逗号隔开),表示“为了……”,说明动作的目的,是最常用的目的状语形式。例:He went to the library to borrow books.(他去图书馆借书,to borrow books是目的状语);To pass the exam, he studied hard.(为了通过考试,他努力学习)。- 注意:不定式作目的状语时,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,本题中“建立制度体系”和“吸引高端资源”的逻辑主语都是“it”(指代前文提到的内容),一致,因此可用不定式。2. 目的状语的其他表达:- in order to do:与to do用法一致,语气更正式,可置于句首或句末,例:In order to attract customers, the shop offered discounts.(为了吸引顾客,商店提供了折扣);- so as to do:与to do用法一致,但不能置于句首,例:He worked hard so as to earn more money.(他努力工作是为了赚更多钱)。3. 易错点:误填attracting(现在分词),现在分词作状语表伴随、结果或主动,不能表目的;误填attracted(过去分词),过去分词表被动,与句意不符;误填attracts(动词原形),句子中已有谓语动词is,不能再用动词原形作谓语。11. With__________ (theme) events such as “Mothers’ Needlework”, the China National Pavilion presented over 120 handcrafted works.答案:thematic翻译:中国国家馆通过“母亲的针线活”等主题活动,展出了120多件手工艺品。详细解析:本题考查形容词用法,空格后是名词events(活动),需用形容词修饰名词,因此将名词theme(主题)转化为形容词thematic(主题的),thematic events为固定搭配,意为“主题活动”,符合句意。核心知识点及拓展:1. theme的词性转换及用法:- 名词(n.):主题;主旨,常见搭配:the theme of the book(这本书的主题)、a theme park(主题公园)。- 形容词(adj.):thematic(主题的),常见搭配:thematic events(主题活动)、thematic analysis(主题分析)。2. 名词变形容词的常见规则:- 名词后加-atic/-etic,构成形容词,表“与……相关的、具有……性质的”,如:theme → thematic、poem → poetic(诗意的)、drama → dramatic(戏剧的);- 名词后加-y,如:sun → sunny(晴朗的)、cloud → cloudy(多云的);- 名词后加-ful,如:beauty → beautiful(美丽的)、help → helpful(有帮助的)。3. 易错点:误填theme(名词),名词不能修饰名词(events),需转化为形容词thematic;误填themed(过去分词),themed也可作形容词,意为“以……为主题的”,如:a themed party(主题派对),但本题中“主题活动”更常用thematic events,且themed更侧重“被设定为某个主题的”,而thematic侧重“本身具有主题性质的”,此处用thematic更合适。12. Traditionally woven by the women of the Du-long ethnic group, one of China’s __________ (small) ethnic groups, the Du-long blanket is a cultural symbol of the Du-long people and a living fossil of traditional Chinese textiles.答案:smallest翻译:独龙毯传统上由中国最小的少数民族之一——独龙族的妇女编织而成,是独龙族的文化象征,也是中国传统纺织业的活化石。详细解析:本题考查形容词的最高级,空格前有“one of China’s”(中国的……之一),“one of + 限定词 + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”是固定结构,意为“……中最……之一”,因此需将形容词small(小的)转化为最高级smallest(最小的),符合句意。核心知识点及拓展:1. 形容词最高级的用法及结构:- 结构:one of + 限定词(the/one’s等) + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数,表示“……中最……之一”,主语是单数,谓语动词用单数。例:She is one of the most beautiful girls in our class.(她是我们班最漂亮的女孩之一);This is one of the most important books I have read.(这是我读过的最重要的书之一)。- 形容词最高级的变化规则:① 单音节词和部分双音节词:直接加-est,如:small → smallest、tall → tallest、fast → fastest;② 以e结尾的词:加-st,如:nice → nicest、large → largest;③ 以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的词:变y为i加-est,如:happy → happiest、busy → busiest;④ 多音节词和部分双音节词:在前面加most,如:beautiful → most beautiful、important → most important。2. 易混结构辨析:- one of + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词:表“……中最……之一”,主语是单数,例:One of the students is late.(其中一个学生迟到了);- some of + 复数名词:表“……中的一些”,主语是复数,例:Some of the students are late.(一些学生迟到了)。3. 易错点:误填smaller(比较级),比较级用于两者之间的比较,而“one of China’s...”表示三者或三者以上中的一个,需用最高级;误填the smallest,“one of + 限定词 + 最高级”中,限定词(如China’s)已存在,不需要再加the,因此直接用smallest。13. “Both China and Britain are countries with splendid traditional artistry, and I hope this year’s London Craft Week can __________ (strength) understanding and friendship between the two countries, while celebrating the beauty of cross-cultural dialogue,” said Zhao Fei, minister of the Chinese embassy in the UK.答案:strengthen翻译:中国驻英国大使馆公使赵飞表示:“中国和英国都是拥有灿烂传统工艺的国家,我希望今年的伦敦工艺周能够加强两国之间的理解和友谊,同时颂扬跨文化对话的美好。”详细解析:本题考查动词用法,空格前有情态动词can,情态动词后需接动词原形,因此将名词strength(力量、优势)转化为动词strengthen(加强、巩固),strengthen understanding and friendship意为“加强理解和友谊”,符合句意。核心知识点及拓展:1. strength的词性转换及用法:- 名词(n.):力量;优势;强项,常见搭配:physical strength(体力)、strengths and weaknesses(优势和劣势)、the strength of a country(一个国家的力量)。- 动词(v.):strengthen(加强、巩固),常见搭配:strengthen ties(加强联系)、strengthen cooperation(加强合作)、strengthen understanding(加强理解)。- 形容词(adj.):strong(强壮的;强烈的),例:a strong man(一个强壮的人)、a strong wind(大风)。2. 情态动词的用法:- 情态动词(can、may、must、should等)后接动词原形,表示“能够、可能、必须、应该”等含义,无第三人称单数变化,例:He can swim.(他会游泳);She must finish the work on time.(她必须按时完成工作)。3. 易混词辨析:strengthen vs. enhance vs. improve:- strengthen:侧重“加强、巩固”,强调使原本就存在的事物更强大、更稳固,如:strengthen friendship(巩固友谊)、strengthen defense(加强防御);- enhance:侧重“提升、增强”,强调使事物的质量、价值、吸引力等得到提升,如:enhance one’s image(提升形象)、enhance happiness(增加幸福感);- improve:侧重“改进、改善”,强调使事物变得更好,纠正不足,如:improve skills(提高技能)、improve living conditions(改善生活条件)。4. 易错点:误填strength(名词),情态动词can后不能接名词,需接动词原形;误填strengthens(第三人称单数),情态动词后接动词原形,不需要变形式。14. Fellow farmers rented it to me for only 50 yuan per mu.” said Li Dianquan, a local farmer __________ family has farmed this land for generations.答案:whose翻译:“乡亲们以每亩仅50元的价格把地租给了我。”当地农民李殿权说,他的家族已经在这片土地上耕种了几代人。详细解析:本题考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是“a local farmer”(当地农民),指人,定语从句中“family”(家庭)与先行词之间是“所属关系”,即“农民的家庭”,因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰family。核心知识点及拓展:1. 定语从句中whose的用法:- whose是关系代词,可指人或指物,在定语从句中作定语,修饰名词,意为“……的”,相当于“of whom”(指人)或“of which”(指物)。- 指人:先行词是人,whose修饰从句中的名词,例:The girl whose mother is a teacher is my classmate.(那个妈妈是老师的女孩是我的同学,相当于The girl of whom the mother is a teacher...);- 指物:先行词是物,whose修饰从句中的名词,例:The house whose windows are open is mine.(那栋窗户开着的房子是我的,相当于The house of which the windows are open...)。2. 定语从句中关系代词的区别(who/whom/whose):- who:指人,在从句中作主语,例:The man who is talking to my father is a doctor.(正在和我爸爸说话的那个男人是医生);- whom:指人,在从句中作宾语,可省略,例:The woman whom I met yesterday is my teacher.(我昨天遇到的那个女人是我的老师);- whose:指人或物,在从句中作定语,修饰名词,不可省略,本题即为此用法。3. 易错点:误填who,who在从句中作主语,而本题从句中已有主语family,缺少定语,因此不能用who;误填which,which指物,而先行词是人,因此不能用which;误填that,that不能在定语从句中作定语,因此不能用that。15. On the shores of the Bohai Sea where the winding Yellow River__________ (empty) into the ocean, Dongying’s landscape has been shaped by an unusual geographical legacy. The gradual __________ (withdraw) of seawater over time left behind salt deposits (沉积物) which have created 227.330 hectares of saline-alkaline land.答案:empties; withdrawal翻译:在蜿蜒的黄河注入海洋的渤海之滨,东营的地貌由一种独特的地理遗产塑造而成。随着时间的推移,海水逐渐退去,留下了盐沉积物,形成了227330公顷的盐碱地。详细解析:第一空考查时态和主谓一致,先行词“the winding Yellow River”(蜿蜒的黄河)是单数,且句子描述的是客观事实(黄河注入海洋),因此用一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,empty作动词时意为“注入、排空”,其第三人称单数形式为empties;第二空考查名词用法,空格前有形容词gradual(逐渐的)修饰,且作句子的主语,因此需将动词withdraw(撤退、退去)转化为名词withdrawal(撤退、退去),the gradual withdrawal of seawater意为“海水的逐渐退去”,符合句意。核心知识点及拓展:1. 一般现在时的用法:- 表示客观事实、真理、习惯性动作或状态,常用的时间状语有always、usually、often、every day、nowadays等,本题中“黄河注入海洋”是客观事实,因此用一般现在时。- 主谓一致:当主语是单数名词(如the Yellow River)、不可数名词或单数代词时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,例:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起);He plays football every day.(他每天踢足球)。2. empty的词性及用法:- 动词(v.):注入;排空;清空,常见搭配:empty into...(注入……)、empty the room(清空房间),第三人称单数形式:empties。- 形容词(adj.):空的;空洞的,例:an empty box(一个空盒子)、empty words(空洞的话)。3. withdraw的词性转换及用法:- 动词(v.):撤退;退去;撤回,过去式:withdrew,过去分词:withdrawn,常见搭配:withdraw from...(从……撤退)、withdraw money(取钱)。- 名词(n.):withdrawal(撤退;退去;撤回),常见搭配:the withdrawal of troops(军队的撤退)、the withdrawal of seawater(海水的退去)。4. 易错点:第一空误填empty(动词原形),主语是单数,且描述客观事实,需用第三人称单数empties;误填emptied(过去式),过去式表示过去发生的动作,而本题是客观事实,需用一般现在时;第二空误填withdrawing(现在分词),现在分词不能作主语,需转化为名词withdrawal。16. Shandong is exploring a path __________ (characterize) by ecological prioritization and technological support.答案:characterized翻译:山东正在探索一条以生态优先、技术支撑为特点的道路。详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词,主语“a path”(一条道路)与动词characterize(以……为特点、描述……的特征)是被动关系,即道路被描述为具有“生态优先、技术支撑”的特点,因此用过去分词characterized作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句(which is characterized)。核心知识点及拓展:1. 非谓语动词(过去分词作后置定语):- 用法:当被修饰的名词与动词之间是被动关系时,用过去分词作后置定语,相当于“which is/was + 过去分词”的定语从句,本题中a path与characterize是被动关系,因此用characterized。例:The city characterized by its ancient buildings is very beautiful.(以古建筑为特色的这座城市非常美丽,相当于The city which is characterized by its ancient buildings...)。2. characterize的用法:- 及物动词(vt.):以……为特点;描述……的特征,常见搭配:be characterized by...(以……为特点),例:The region is characterized by its dry climate.(该地区以干燥的气候为特点)。- 名词形式:characteristic(名词:特征、特点;形容词:典型的、特有的),例:Patience is one of his characteristics.(耐心是他的特点之一);This is a characteristic feature of the species.(这是该物种的典型特征)。3. 易错点:误填characterizing(现在分词),现在分词表主动,而path与characterize是被动关系,需用过去分词;误填characterizes(动词原形),句子中已有谓语动词is exploring,不能再用动词原形作谓语;误填to characterize(不定式),不定式表目的,与句意不符。二、15道举一反三长难句练习题(含答案、翻译、详细解析及知识点)1. __________ the rapid development of artificial intelligence has brought great convenience to people’s lives, it has also raised many ethical and social issues that need to be addressed seriously.答案:While/Although/Though翻译:尽管人工智能的快速发展给人们的生活带来了极大的便利,但它也引发了许多需要认真解决的伦理和社会问题。详细解析:本题考查让步状语从句引导词,句子前半部分“人工智能带来便利”与后半部分“引发伦理社会问题”是转折让步关系,即“虽然有好处,但也有问题”,因此填入While、Although或Though均可,引导让步状语从句。长难句解析:句子主干为“it has also raised many ethical and social issues”,“__________ the rapid development...lives”是让步状语从句,“that need to be addressed seriously”是定语从句,修饰先行词ethical and social issues。核心知识点:1. 让步状语从句引导词While/Although/Though的用法(同原第7题):三者均可表示“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,但可与yet、still连用;While引导时多置于句首,强调前后对比,Although和Though可置于句首或句中,Though更口语化。2. 长难句拆分技巧:遇到含从句的长句,先找主干(主谓宾),再分析从句(状语从句、定语从句等),本题中“that need to be addressed seriously”是定语从句,修饰“ethical and social issues”,翻译时可先译主干,再补充定语从句的内容,使译文更通顺。3. 易错点:误填But(并列连词,不能引导从句)、Because(表原因,与句意不符)、If(表假设,不符合逻辑)。2. With the continuous advancement of s 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 语法填空:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(3)(原卷版).docx 语法填空:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(3)(解析版).docx