资源简介 语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破第一组1. It really isn’t the best advice ________ (give) any teenager, especially one ________ was hoping to disappear in all-black sportswear.2. Now I see her advice isn’t about fashion or looking good for others, or making an impression, ________ about dressing from the inside.3. There are two paths to improve your powers. Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that ________ (typical) demands decades of practice in a cave ________ do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way 4. It now represents a ________ (depart) from the proper way: more efficient, more creative or simply less bound by convention.5. In recent months, videos with the term ________ (draw) billions of views on social media.6. Some are just rebranded life tricks, such as learning English through fan fiction. Others turn into the absurd (荒谬的): reading advanced mathematics ________ a sleep aid.7. An unstable economy, rising housing costs and shaky job ________ (prospect) have already made the path through adulthood more uncertain. So why not turn to xiexiu 8. Last month, Guangming Daily declared the trend ________ cheerful way for the young to deal with uncertainty and gain initiative. It stopped short of calling it a fight against authority, instead ________ (describe) it as “a way to seek improvement”.9. Humanoid robots, ________(equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service.10. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots ________(design) to improve daily routines.11. Individuals and_____________(organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world ________embracing these innovations.12. The future is here,___________those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement.13. Tailored __________(specific) for elderly travelers, the “silver train” offers a slower pace and more attentive services.14. In February, several government __________ (agency) jointly released an action plan to improve tourism train services that are friendly to seniors.15. With over 100 designed routes and 2,500 scheduled trips annually, __________ plan aims to create a nationwide network of specialized trains for older travelers.16. __________ (better) the accommodation for the elderly passengers, some trains have been fitted with anti-slip flooring, emergency call buttons, and other __________ (thought) amenities (便利设施) such as reading glasses and sewing kits.二、15道长难句举一反三题目(含解析+知识点)说明:题干均为长难句,格式保持不变,每道题依次对应答案、翻译、详细解析及核心知识点,重点贴合前文所学知识点,强化巩固。1. The professor, ________ (devote) his entire life to scientific research, finally achieved a major breakthrough that ________ (benefit) millions of people around the world.2. Not only ________ (do) he master multiple foreign languages, but he also has a deep understanding of cross-cultural communication, which ________ (make) him an excellent international diplomat.3. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane ________ (take) off, which made us ________ (realize) that we had missed the only flight to our destination.4. The novel ________ (write) by a famous author in the 1990s has been translated into more than 20 languages and ________ (read) by people all over the world.5. It is important that we ________ (pay) attention to the details in our work, because even a small mistake may lead to a huge loss that ________ (be) difficult to recover from.6. As more and more people become aware of the importance of environmental protection, a growing number of measures ________ (take) to reduce pollution, including ________ (plant) more trees and limiting the use of plastic products.7. The young man, who ________ (graduate) from a top university last year, is now working in a company ________ (specialize) in AI technology, where he can apply his professional knowledge to practice.8. By the end of next year, we ________ (complete) the construction of the new library, which ________ (equip) with modern facilities to meet the growing needs of students.9. Although she ________ (work) in the company for only three years, she ________ (promote) twice and has become one of the most outstanding employees.10. The reason why he failed the exam is that he ________ (not pay) enough attention to his studies and often ________ (waste) time on playing games.11. If we ________ (take) effective measures to protect the environment now, we ________ (avoid) many serious environmental problems in the future.12. The book, which ________ (translate) into more than 30 languages since it was published, ________ (become) a bestseller all over the world.13. When he ________ (arrive) at the office, he found that all his colleagues ________ (leave) and the office was empty.14. It is suggested that we ________ (spend) more time communicating with our parents, because communication ________ (help) us understand each other better.15. The scientist, who ________ (devote) himself to the research on renewable energy for years, ________ (announce) a major discovery at the conference yesterday.第二组1. Growing up in a small town, she had limited access ________ science museums or space camps.2. Every night, she would study under the dim light, ____________ (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings.3. Her hard work paid off. She earned a scholarship to a top university, ________ she studied geology.4. In 2026, Watkins finally received ________ call she had been waiting for. She was selected as one of twelve____ (candidate) for the Mars mission training program.5. Her story ________ (share) widely on social media, inspiring millions of young people.6. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the ________ (far) dreams can become reality.7. The first five national parks, officially ________ (establish) in 2021, cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species.8. These parks have joined over 120 nature reserves together, greatly improving ecosystem health and long-term ________ (stable).9. In the Northeast Tiger and leopard National Park, the number of wild tigers ________ (grow) from 27 to about 70 since 2017.10. The Hainan tropical Rainforest National Park is the only place ________ the Hainan gibbon population has been steadily rising.11. You may remember back at the start of December, ________ China carried out their unmanned Chang’e-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research.12. Chang’e-5, ________ (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation’s ________ (large) and most complex lunar probe.13. The mission’s results will contribute ____ mankind’s deeper understanding of the moon’s origins and the evolution of the solar system.14. The brilliance of Quanzhou puppetry (木偶戏) , ________ national intangible cultural heritage that ________ (originate) in Quanzhou, Fujian Province in the Qin Dynasty, lies in the skill of the performers’ fingers in controlling puppets by pulling threads.15. A recent example of this historical art that showcases the harmony between tradition and modernity is at the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum in Beijing, ________ a skilled puppeteer controlled a designed monkey puppet to play a guitar, while another performance featured a robot dog________ (dance) in rhythm with the puppet, which drew continuous laughter from the audience who were attracted by this creative combination of ancient art and technology.16. A ________ (strategic) important port of the Maritime Silk Road, Quanzhou was once a center of trade home to envoys (使者) and business people from outside China. This history inspired developments in handicrafts and folk arts.二、举一反三练习题(15道,长难句为主,含答案、翻译、解析及知识点)1. ________ she had spent years preparing for the exam, she still felt nervous when she entered the examination room.2. The scientist, ________ research has made a great contribution to the field of medicine, will be awarded the Nobel Prize next month.3. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane ________ (take) off, so we had to reschedule our flight.4. It is reported that a new bridge ________ (build) over the river in the next five years, which will greatly improve the traffic conditions in the area.5. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, more and more jobs ________ (replace) by intelligent robots in the next decade, which requires people to learn new skills to adapt to the changing workplace.6. The reason why he failed the exam is that he ________ (devote) little time to his study and was always distracted by computer games.7. As a teacher with ten years of experience, she knows exactly how to communicate with students ________ (effective) and help them build confidence.8. The book ________ (write) by the famous author has been translated into more than 20 languages and is popular all over the world.9. It is necessary that we ________ (take) measures to protect the environment before it is too late.10. Not only ________ he have a good command of English, but he also knows how to use several foreign languages fluently.11. By the end of this year, we ________ (complete) the construction of the new school, which will provide better learning conditions for the students in the area.12. The little girl was so excited that she couldn’t help _______ (jump) when she heard the good news.13. The old man, who has devoted his whole life to protecting wild animals, is worth ___________ (respect) by all of us.14. If we _______ (take) his advice earlier, we wouldn’t have made such a big mistake.15. As far as I am concerned, the most important thing for a student is not how much knowledge he _______ (acquire), but how to learn to think independently.语法填空必刷:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破第一组1. It really isn’t the best advice ________ (give) any teenager, especially one ________ was hoping to disappear in all-black sportswear.答案:to give; who/that翻译:这真的不是给任何青少年的最佳建议,尤其是那些希望穿着全黑运动服隐身的青少年。解析:① 第一空考查非谓语动词。advice后接后置定语,“给青少年的建议”需用不定式to give,不定式作后置定语时,逻辑主语是advice,与give构成被动关系(建议被给),但此处为固定搭配“the best advice to do sth”(做某事的最佳建议),不定式用主动形式表被动含义;② 第二空考查定语从句。先行词是one(指代teenager,指人),定语从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词who或that引导。核心知识点:1. 不定式作后置定语:① 基本用法:修饰名词/代词,表“要做的事、将要发生的事”,常放在被修饰词后面,如the way to go(要走的路)、something to eat(要吃的东西);② 被动含义的主动表达:当不定式修饰的名词是不定式动作的承受者时,不定式可用主动形式表被动,常见于“the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + to do”结构,如the hardest problem to solve(最难解决的问题);③ 对比:若不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前,用不定式完成式to have done,如the first person to have finished the task(第一个完成任务的人)。2. 定语从句(先行词指人):① 关系代词who/that的用法:先行词是人,从句中作主语、宾语时可用who或that;作宾语时可省略,如the student (who/that) I met yesterday(我昨天遇到的那个学生);② 区别who与whom:whom只能作宾语,如the teacher whom we respect(我们尊敬的老师),而who可作主语或宾语;③ 特殊情况:先行词是one、anyone、someone等不定代词指人时,常用who/that引导定语从句。2. Now I see her advice isn’t about fashion or looking good for others, or making an impression, ________ about dressing from the inside.答案:but翻译:现在我明白,她的建议无关时尚、无关为他人打扮、无关留下印象,而是关乎由内而外的穿搭。解析:考查并列连词的固定搭配。not...but...是固定结构,意为“不是……而是……”,否定前面的内容,肯定后面的内容;句中前面出现了三个并列的about短语(fashion、looking good for others、making an impression),均被not否定,最后用but引出肯定的内容(dressing from the inside),符合逻辑。核心知识点:1. not...but...结构:① 基本含义:表转折,强调后者,如He is not a teacher but a doctor.(他不是老师,而是医生);② 主谓一致:遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词的单复数由but后的主语决定,如Not you but he is responsible for this.(不是你,而是他要对此负责);③ 拓展搭配:not only...but also...(不仅……而且……),同样遵循就近原则,如Not only my parents but also I like this movie.(不仅我父母,我也喜欢这部电影)。2. 并列结构:句中or连接三个并列的about后的成分(名词fashion、动名词短语looking good...、动名词短语making an impression),保持结构一致;or用于否定句中,表“和、也”,相当于肯定句中的and,如I don’t like coffee or tea.(我不喜欢咖啡和茶)。3. There are two paths to improve your powers. Do you choose zhengxiu, the orthodox (正统的) one that ________ (typical) demands decades of practice in a cave ________ do you risk xiexiu, the unorthodox way 答案:typically; Or翻译:有两种提升能力的途径。你会选择正统的“正修”吗?这种方式通常需要在山洞里练习数十年;还是会冒险选择非正统的“邪修”?解析:① 第一空考查副词。谓语动词demands(要求、需要)需用副词修饰,typical是形容词,其副词形式是typically(通常、典型地),在句中作状语,修饰demands;② 第二空考查并列连词。前文提出两种选择,先问第一种(choose zhengxiu),再问第二种(risk xiexiu),表选择关系,用Or(或者、还是),符合语境。核心知识点:1. 形容词与副词的转换及用法:① 转换规则:形容词+ly构成副词(如typical→typically、quick→quickly),部分特殊变化(如good→well、late→late/lately);② 副词的功能:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,此处修饰动词demands,表动作发生的方式/频率;③ 辨析:typical(形容词,“典型的、通常的”),如a typical example(一个典型的例子);typically(副词,“通常、典型地”),如She typically gets up early.(她通常起得很早)。2. 并列连词Or表选择:① 用于疑问句中,表“还是”,如Do you like cats or dogs (你喜欢猫还是狗?);② 用于否定句中,表“也不”,如He can’t sing or dance.(他不会唱歌也不会跳舞);③ 用于肯定句中,表“或者”,如You can go by bus or by train.(你可以坐公交或者火车去)。3. 同位语:句中the orthodox one是zhengxiu的同位语,the unorthodox way是xiexiu的同位语,用于解释说明前面的名词,使含义更明确。4. It now represents a ________ (depart) from the proper way: more efficient, more creative or simply less bound by convention.答案:departure翻译:它现在代表着一种偏离正道的行为:更高效、更有创造力,或者仅仅是更少受传统束缚。解析:考查名词。不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数,depart是动词(意为“离开、偏离”),其名词形式是departure(意为“偏离、离开”),a departure from...是固定搭配,意为“偏离……”,符合句意。核心知识点:1. 动词与名词的转换:① depart→departure(动词→名词),类似转换如arrive→arrival(到达)、survive→survival(生存)、decide→decision(决定);② 名词的用法:departure是可数名词,可与a/an连用,如a sudden departure(突然的离开);也可用于不可数名词,如his departure for Beijing(他去北京)。2. 固定搭配:a departure from...(偏离……),如a departure from the original plan(偏离原计划);depart from...(动词短语,“偏离、离开”),如depart from the truth(偏离真相)。3. 分词短语作后置定语:句中more efficient, more creative or simply less bound by convention是并列的形容词短语,作后置定语,修饰a departure,补充说明“偏离正道”的具体特点。5. In recent months, videos with the term ________ (draw) billions of views on social media.答案:have drawn翻译:近几个月来,带有该术语的视频在社交媒体上获得了数十亿的浏览量。解析:考查时态。时间状语In recent months(近几个月来)是现在完成时的标志,强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响(视频获得了大量浏览量);主语videos是复数,故谓语动词用have drawn(draw的过去分词是drawn)。核心知识点:1. 现在完成时:① 标志词:in recent months/years(近几个月/几年)、since(自从)、so far(到目前为止)、up to now(到现在为止)、already(已经)、yet(还)等;② 结构:主语+have/has+过去分词(主语是复数用have,单数/不可数用has);③ 含义:a. 动作从过去持续到现在,如I have lived here for 5 years.(我在这里住了5年了);b. 动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响,如He has finished his homework, so he can play outside.(他已经做完作业了,所以可以去外面玩)。2. 动词draw的用法:① 此处意为“获得、吸引”,如The movie drew a large audience.(这部电影吸引了大量观众);② 其他含义:“画”(draw a picture)、“拉、拖”(draw a bow)、“抽取”(draw money from the bank);③ 过去式和过去分词:draw→drew→drawn。3. 介词短语with the term作后置定语,修饰videos,意为“带有该术语的视频”。6. Some are just rebranded life tricks, such as learning English through fan fiction. Others turn into the absurd (荒谬的): reading advanced mathematics ________ a sleep aid.答案:as翻译:有些只是重新包装的生活技巧,比如通过同人小说学习英语。另一些则变得荒谬:把阅读高等数学当作助眠工具。解析:考查介词。此处表示“把……当作……”,用介词as,reading advanced mathematics as a sleep aid意为“将阅读高等数学作为助眠工具”,as在此处引导宾语补足语,符合语境;注意区分as与like:like表“像……一样”,侧重举例,而as表“作为、当作”,侧重身份或用途。核心知识点:1. 介词as的用法:① 表“作为、当作”,后接名词/代词,如work as a teacher(当老师)、use sth as a tool(把某物当作工具);② 表“像……一样”,引导方式状语从句,如Do as I do.(照我做的做);③ 表“因为、由于”,引导原因状语从句,如As it was raining, we stayed at home.(因为下雨,我们待在了家里)。2. 区分as与like:① like(介词):表“像……一样”,后接名词/代词,用于举例,如Some animals like pandas are very cute.(有些动物,比如熊猫,非常可爱);② as(介词):表“作为”,强调身份或用途,如He works as a doctor.(他是一名医生);③ 例句对比:She looks like her mother.(她长得像她妈妈,like表“像”);She works as a nurse.(她当护士,as表“作为”)。3. 动名词短语作主语/宾语:句中reading advanced mathematics是动名词短语,作主语补足语,补充说明others(指代life tricks)的具体内容;learning English through fan fiction也是动名词短语,作such as的宾语。7. An unstable economy, rising housing costs and shaky job ________ (prospect) have already made the path through adulthood more uncertain. So why not turn to xiexiu 答案:prospects翻译:不稳定的经济、不断上涨的住房成本和不确定的就业前景,已经让成年后的道路变得更加艰难。那么为什么不求助于邪修呢?解析:考查名词单复数。主语是三个并列的名词短语(An unstable economy, rising housing costs, shaky job prospect),前两个短语中,economy是单数(有an修饰),housing costs是复数,根据并列结构的一致性,且job prospect(就业前景)是可数名词,此处需用复数形式prospects,表“多种就业前景”,符合句意。核心知识点:1. 名词单复数:① prospect作“前景、前途”讲时,是可数名词,常用复数形式prospects,如good prospects for the future(美好的未来前景);② 单数prospect表“可能性、希望”,如There is little prospect of success.(成功的希望很小);③ 类似可数名词(常用复数):circumstances(情况)、conditions(条件)、opportunities(机会)。2. 并列主语:三个并列的名词短语作主语,谓语动词用复数(have made),因为并列主语表示多个不同的事物,视为复数;若并列主语表示同一事物、同一人或整体,谓语动词用单数,如Bread and butter is my breakfast.(面包和黄油是我的早餐)。3. 形容词修饰名词:shaky(形容词,“不确定的、摇晃的”)修饰prospects,rising(形容词,“上升的、上涨的”)修饰housing costs,unstable(形容词,“不稳定的”)修饰economy,形容词修饰名词时,通常放在名词前面。8. Last month, Guangming Daily declared the trend ________ cheerful way for the young to deal with uncertainty and gain initiative. It stopped short of calling it a fight against authority, instead ________ (describe) it as “a way to seek improvement”.答案:a; describing翻译:上个月,《光明日报》称这一趋势是年轻人应对不确定性、获得主动权的一种积极方式。它没有将其称为对抗权威的行为,而是将其描述为“一种寻求进步的方式”。解析:① 第一空考查冠词。way是可数名词单数,此处表示“一种积极的方式”,cheerful是以辅音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词a;② 第二空考查非谓语动词。instead是副词,不能引导句子,句中已有谓语动词stopped,故describe需用非谓语形式;主语It(指代Guangming Daily)与describe构成主动关系,故用现在分词describing,作伴随状语,表“同时做某事”。核心知识点:1. 不定冠词a/an的用法:① a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前(注意:是音素,不是字母),如a book(一本书)、an apple(一个苹果)、a university(一所大学,u发/ju:/,辅音音素);② 表“一种、一个”,用于可数名词单数前,泛指某类事物中的一个,如a way(一种方式)、a method(一种方法)。2. 现在分词作伴随状语:① 用法:当两个动作同时发生,且逻辑主语一致(均为主句主语),主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词;② 例句:He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(他坐在沙发上看电视,watch与sit同时发生,主动关系);She walked into the room, followed by her child.(她走进房间,后面跟着她的孩子,follow与she是被动关系);③ 此处instead describing...相当于instead of describing...,意为“而是……”。3. 固定短语:stop short of doing sth(险些做某事、没有做某事),如He stopped short of saying he hated her(他差点说他恨她);describe sth as sth(把某物描述为某物),如She described the movie as boring.(她认为这部电影很无聊)。9. Humanoid robots, ________(equip) with artificial intelligence, are increasingly employed in environments such as healthcare, education, and customer service.答案:equipped翻译:配备了人工智能的人形机器人,正越来越多地被应用于医疗、教育和客户服务等领域。解析:考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词are employed,故equip需用非谓语形式;humanoid robots(人形机器人)与equip(配备)构成被动关系(机器人被配备人工智能),故用过去分词equipped,作后置定语,修饰humanoid robots;be equipped with是固定短语,意为“配备有……”,此处省略be动词,直接用过去分词作定语。核心知识点:1. 过去分词作后置定语:① 用法:修饰名词/代词,表被动、完成含义,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句,如the book written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书)= the book which was written by Lu Xun;② 此处equipped with artificial intelligence = which are equipped with artificial intelligence,省略了which are,使句子更简洁;③ 对比:现在分词作后置定语表主动、进行,如the boy running on the playground(在操场上跑步的男孩)= the boy who is running on the playground。2. 固定短语be equipped with:意为“配备有……”,如The lab is equipped with advanced equipment.(这个实验室配备了先进的设备);其主动形式是equip sth with sth(用某物配备某物),如We equipped the classroom with computers.(我们给教室配备了电脑)。3. 被动语态:句中are increasingly employed是一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“主语+am/is/are+过去分词”,表“被……”,如The work is done by him.(这项工作是他做的)。10. From robotic vacuum cleaners to advanced programming bots, these robots ________(design) to improve daily routines.答案:are designed翻译:从扫地机器人到先进的编程机器人,这些机器人被设计用来改善日常生活。解析:考查被动语态。主语these robots(这些机器人)与design(设计)构成被动关系(机器人被设计),且句子描述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时的被动语态,结构为“主语+are+过去分词”;design的过去分词是designed,be designed to do sth是固定短语,意为“被设计用来做某事”。核心知识点:1. 一般现在时的被动语态:① 结构:主语+am/is/are+过去分词(主语是复数用are,单数/不可数用is,I用am);② 用法:描述客观事实、经常性动作,且主语是动作的承受者,如Cars are made in this factory.(汽车在这家工厂生产);③ 主动语态与被动语态转换:主动语态(主语+谓语+宾语)→ 被动语态(宾语+am/is/are+过去分词+by+主语),如People design these robots to improve daily routines.(主动)→ These robots are designed by people to improve daily routines.(被动)。2. 固定短语be designed to do sth:意为“被设计用来做某事”,类似短语:be made to do sth(被制造用来做某事)、be built to do sth(被建造用来做某事)、be created to do sth(被创造用来做某事),如This machine is made to cut wood.(这台机器被制造用来砍柴)。3. 介词短语From...to...:意为“从……到……”,用于连接两个并列的名词/短语,表范围,如From Beijing to Shanghai(从北京到上海)、From morning to night(从早到晚)。11. Individuals and_____________(organize) can position themselves at the forefront of a swiftly advancing world ________embracing these innovations.答案:organizations; by翻译:个人和组织可以通过拥抱这些创新,将自己置于快速发展的世界前沿。解析:① 第一空考查名词。and连接并列主语,前面是individuals(个人,复数),故后面也需用复数名词,organize是动词(意为“组织”),其名词形式是organization(组织),复数形式为organizations;② 第二空考查介词。此处表示“通过某种方式”,用介词by,by doing sth意为“通过做某事”,在句中作方式状语,说明“将自己置于世界前沿”的方式是“拥抱创新”。核心知识点:1. 动词与名词的转换:① organize→organization(动词→名词),类似转换如collect→collection(收集)、educate→education(教育)、celebrate→celebration(庆祝);② organization的单复数:单数表“一个组织”,如a non-profit organization(一个非营利组织);复数表“多个组织”,如international organizations(国际组织)。2. 介词by表方式:① 用法:by+doing sth,表“通过做某事”,如He improved his English by reading aloud.(他通过大声朗读提高英语);② by+名词,表“通过某种工具/手段”,如by bus(坐公交)、by email(通过邮件);③ 区别:with+工具(具体的工具),如write with a pen(用钢笔写);by+手段/方式(抽象的),如by working hard(通过努力工作)。3. 固定短语position oneself at...:意为“将自己置于……位置”,如She positioned herself at the front of the crowd.(她站到了人群的前面);swiftly advancing(快速发展的)是形容词短语,作后置定语,修饰world。12. The future is here,___________those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge into a new era of productivity and engagement.答案:and翻译:未来已来,而那些能够运用这些工具的人,必将引领潮流,进入一个生产力和参与度的新时代。解析:考查并列连词。前后两个句子(The future is here 和 those who can employ these tools will certainly lead the charge...)是并列关系,表顺承、递进,用and连接,符合逻辑;前一句说明“未来已到来”,后一句说明“未来中能运用工具的人的作用”,两者衔接自然。核心知识点:1. 并列连词and的用法:① 表并列、顺承,连接两个完整的句子,如I like coffee and she likes tea.(我喜欢咖啡,她喜欢茶);② 表递进,意为“而且、并且”,如He is tall and strong.(他又高又壮);③ 表因果,意为“因此、所以”,如He worked hard and he passed the exam.(他努力学习,所以通过了考试)。2. 定语从句:句中who can employ these tools是定语从句,先行词是those(指代人),who在从句中作主语,引导定语从句,修饰those;类似用法,如those who help others(帮助别人的人)。3. 固定短语lead the charge into...:意为“引领进入……”,lead the charge意为“带头、引领潮流”,如She led the charge into the new market.(她带头进入了新市场)。13. Tailored __________(specific) for elderly travelers, the “silver train” offers a slower pace and more attentive services.答案:specifically翻译:专门为老年游客量身定制的“银发列车”,提供更慢的节奏和更贴心的服务。解析:考查副词。过去分词Tailored(量身定制)需用副词修饰,specific是形容词(意为“具体的、专门的”),其副词形式是specifically(意为“专门地、特意地”),在句中作状语,修饰Tailored,表“量身定制”的目的是专门为老年游客。核心知识点:1. 形容词与副词的转换及用法:① specific→specifically(形容词→副词),类似转换如clear→clearly(清楚地)、careful→carefully(仔细地);② 副词的功能:此处修饰过去分词Tailored,表动作发生的方式/目的,说明“量身定制”是“专门为老年游客”进行的;③ 辨析:specific(形容词,“具体的、专门的”),如specific requirements(具体要求);specifically(副词,“专门地、具体地”),如I came here specifically to see you.(我特意来这里看你)。2. 过去分词作状语:句中Tailored specifically for elderly travelers是过去分词短语,作状语,逻辑主语是the “silver train”,与Tailored构成被动关系(列车被量身定制),相当于Because it is tailored specifically for elderly travelers...,省略了because it is,使句子更简洁。3. 形容词比较级:slower(更慢的)、more attentive(更贴心的)是形容词的比较级,用于两者之间的比较,此处隐含“银发列车”与普通列车的比较。14. In February, several government __________ (agency) jointly released an action plan to improve tourism train services that are friendly to seniors.答案:agencies翻译:今年2月,多个政府机构联合发布了一项行动计划,旨在改善对老年人友好的旅游列车服务。解析:考查名词单复数。several(几个、多个)后接可数名词复数,agency是可数名词(意为“机构”),其复数形式是agencies(以y结尾,辅音字母+y,变y为i加es);主语several government agencies是复数,故谓语动词released用原形(一般过去时,不分单复数)。核心知识点:1. 名词复数变化规则:① 以y结尾的可数名词,辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i加es,如agency→agencies、city→cities、family→families;② 元音字母+y结尾,直接加s,如boy→boys、toy→toys;③ 其他常见规则:一般情况下加s(如book→books)、以s/x/ch/sh结尾加es(如box→boxes)、以f/fe结尾变f/fe为v加es(如knife→knives)。2. 副词jointly的用法:jointly是副词(意为“联合地、共同地”),修饰谓语动词released,表“多个机构共同发布”;类似副词如together(一起)、cooperatively(合作地)。3. 不定式作目的状语:句中to improve tourism train services是不定式短语,作目的状语,说明“发布行动计划”的目的是“改善旅游列车服务”;定语从句that are friendly to seniors修饰tourism train services,意为“对老年人友好的旅游列车服务”。15. With over 100 designed routes and 2,500 scheduled trips annually, __________ plan aims to create a nationwide network of specialized trains for older travelers.答案:the翻译:该计划每年有超过100条设计路线和2500次预定行程,旨在为老年游客打造一个全国性的专业列车网络。解析:考查定冠词the。此处的plan(计划)是特指前文提到的“an action plan(一项行动计划)”,特指前文出现过的人或事物,用定冠词the;定冠词the用于特指,不定冠词a/an用于泛指,此处明确指代前文提到的计划,故用the。核心知识点:1. 定冠词the的用法:① 特指前文提到过的人或事物,如I have a book. The book is very interesting.(我有一本书,这本书很有趣);② 特指双方都知道的人或事物,如Open the door, please.(请开门);③ 特指世界上独一无二的事物,如the sun(太阳)、the moon(月亮);④ 用于序数词、形容词最高级前,如the first day(第一天)、the tallest building(最高的楼)。2. 介词短语With...作状语:With over 100 designed routes and 2,500 scheduled trips annually是介词短语,作伴随状语,补充说明“该计划”的具体情况;with此处表“具有、带有”,如a girl with long hair(一个长头发的女孩)。3. 固定短语aim to do sth:意为“旨在做某事、目标是做某事”,如The project aims to help the poor.(这个项目旨在帮助穷人);其同义短语:be aimed at doing sth(旨在做某事),如The campaign is aimed at raising awareness.(这个活动旨在提高意识)。16. __________ (better) the accommodation for the elderly passengers, some trains have been fitted with anti-slip flooring, emergency call buttons, and other __________ (thought) amenities (便利设施) such as reading glasses and sewing kits.答案:To better; thoughtful翻译:为了改善老年乘客的住宿条件,一些列车配备了防滑地板、紧急呼叫按钮,以及其他贴心的便利设施,如老花镜和针线包。解析:① 第一空考查不定式作目的状语。句中“改善老年乘客的住宿条件”是“列车配备便利设施”的目的,用不定式To better(better在此处是动词,意为“改善、使更好”),不定式作目的状语时,可置于句首或句末,置于句首时,常用逗号与主句隔开;② 第二空考查形容词。amenities(便利设施)需用形容词修饰,thought是名词(意为“想法”),其形容词形式是thoughtful(意为“贴心的、考虑周到的”),用于修饰amenities,表“便利设施是贴心的”。核心知识点:1. 不定式作目的状语:① 基本用法:to+动词原形,表“为了做某事”,可置于句首(To do sth, 主句)或句末(主句 to do sth),如To get good grades, he studies hard.(为了取得好成绩,他努力学习);② 强调目的时,可在to前加in order或so as,如In order to get good grades, he studies hard.(为了取得好成绩,他努力学习),so as to不能置于句首;③ better作动词:意为“改善、使更好”,如better our life(改善我们的生活),其形容词形式是better(更好的),副词形式也是better(更好地)。2. 名词与形容词的转换:① thought→thoughtful(名词→形容词),类似转换如care→careful(细心的)、help→helpful(有帮助的)、thank→thankful(感激的);② thoughtful的含义:“贴心的、考虑周到的”,如a thoughtful gift(一份贴心的礼物);“深思熟虑的”,如a thoughtful decision(一个深思熟虑的决定)。3. 被动语态:句中have been fitted with是现在完成时的被动语态,结构为“主语+have/has been+过去分词”,表“动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且主语是动作的承受者”,如The room has been cleaned.(房间已经被打扫干净了)。二、15道长难句举一反三题目(含解析+知识点)说明:题干均为长难句,格式保持不变,每道题依次对应答案、翻译、详细解析及核心知识点,重点贴合前文所学知识点,强化巩固。1. The professor, ________ (devote) his entire life to scientific research, finally achieved a major breakthrough that ________ (benefit) millions of people around the world.答案:devoting; benefits翻译:那位将毕生精力致力于科学研究的教授,最终取得了一项重大突破,这项突破使全世界数百万人受益。解析:① 第一空考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词achieved,故devote需用非谓语形式;主语The professor与devote(致力于)构成主动关系(教授主动致力于研究),故用现在分词devoting,作后置定语,修饰The professor,相当于who devoted his entire life...;② 第二空考查时态和定语从句。先行词是a major breakthrough(一项重大突破),定语从句中缺少谓语动词;句子描述的是客观事实(突破使人们受益),故用一般现在时;先行词是单数,故谓语动词用benefits(benefit的第三人称单数形式)。核心知识点:1. 现在分词作后置定语:表主动、进行,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词,此处devoting his entire life...相当于定语从句who devoted his entire life...,简化句子结构;对比过去分词作后置定语(表被动、完成),如the building built last year(去年建造的大楼)。2. 一般现在时的用法:描述客观事实、经常性动作,主语是单数第三人称时,谓语动词加s/es,如He works hard every day.(他每天努力工作);benefit的第三人称单数是benefits,类似变化如play→plays、study→studies。3. 定语从句(先行词指物):先行词是a major breakthrough(物),定语从句中缺少谓语动词,关系代词that在从句中作主语,可省略,如The book (that) I read yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天读的那本书很有趣)。4. 固定短语devote one’s life to sth:意为“将毕生精力致力于某事”,to是介词,后接名词/动名词,如devote his life to teaching(将毕生精力致力于教学)。2. Not only ________ (do) he master multiple foreign languages, but he also has a deep understanding of cross-cultural communication, which ________ (make) him an excellent international diplomat.答案:does; makes翻译:他不仅精通多种外语,而且对跨文化交流有深刻的理解,这使他成为一名优秀的国际外交官。解析:① 第一空考查部分倒装。Not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)连接两个句子时,Not only置于句首,第一个句子需用部分倒装,即助动词/情态动词/系动词提到主语前面;主语he是单数第三人称,句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时,故助动词用does,提到主语he前面,后面的动词master用原形;② 第二空考查定语从句和时态。which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子(“他精通外语且理解跨文化交流”这件事),视为单数,句子用一般现在时,故谓语动词用makes。核心知识点:1. 部分倒装:① 结构:助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语剩余部分;② 常见触发词:Not only...but also...(置于句首)、Never(从不)、Seldom(很少)、Hardly(几乎不)、Only in this way(只有这样)等;③ 例句:Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(我从未见过如此美丽的地方);Only in this way can we solve the problem.(只有这样我们才能解决问题)。2. Not only...but also...的主谓一致:遵循“就近原则”,即谓语动词的单复数由but also后的主语决定,如Not only my friends but also I am going to the party.(不仅我的朋友,我也打算去参加派对);此处第一空的倒装,助动词由前面的主语he决定(单数,用does)。3. 非限制性定语从句:由which引导,指代前面整个句子,不能用that引导,如He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.(他通过了考试,这让他的父母非常高兴)。4. 固定短语have a deep understanding of sth:意为“对某事有深刻的理解”,如have a deep understanding of history(对历史有深刻的理解)。3. By the time we arrived at the airport, the plane ________ (take) off, which made us ________ (realize) that we had missed the only flight to our destination.答案:had taken; realize翻译:当我们到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了,这让我们意识到我们错过了前往目的地的唯一航班。解析:① 第一空考查时态。By the time(到……的时候)引导时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时(arrived),主句需用过去完成时,表“在过去某个动作之前已经完成的动作”(飞机在我们到达之前就已经起飞了);过去完成时结构为“had+过去分词”,take的过去分词是taken,故填had taken;② 第二空考查使役动词make的用法。make sb do sth是固定搭配,意为“让某人做某事”,make后接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语,故填realize(原形)。核心知识点:1. 过去完成时:① 结构:had+过去分词;② 标志词:By the time(从句用过去时)、before(在……之前)、after(在……之后)、until(直到……)等,表“过去的过去”;③ 例句:By the end of last year, we had finished the project.(到去年年底,我们已经完成了这个项目);He had left before I arrived.(我到达之前他已经离开了)。2. 使役动词make的用法:① make sb do sth(让某人做某事),省略to的不定式作宾补,如make him laugh(让他笑);② 被动语态中,to不能省略,如He was made to laugh.(他被逗笑了);③ 其他使役动词(let、have)也有类似用法,如let sb do sth(让某人做某事)、have sb do sth(让某人做某事)。3. 定语从句:which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面整个句子(“飞机起飞”这件事),在从句中作主语,如The weather was bad, which delayed our trip.(天气不好,这延误了我们的行程)。4. 固定短语take off:意为“(飞机)起飞”,其他含义:“脱下(衣服)”,如take off your coat(脱下你的外套);“突然成功”,如His career took off after that.(从那以后,他的事业突然起飞了)。4. The novel ________ (write) by a famous author in the 1990s has been translated into more than 20 languages and ________ (read) by people all over the world.答案:written; is read翻译:这本由一位著名作家在20世纪90年代写的小说,已经被翻译成20多种语言,被全世界的人阅读。解析:① 第一空考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词has been translated和read,故write需用非谓语形式;the novel(小说)与write(写)构成被动关系(小说被写),故用过去分词written,作后置定语,修饰the novel,相当于which was written by...;② 第二空考查被动语态。and连接两个并列的谓语动词,前面是has been translated(现在完成时的被动语态),后面的动作read与the novel构成被动关系,且描述客观事实(小说被全世界的人阅读),故用一般现在时的被动语态,主语the novel是单数,故填is read。核心知识点:1. 过去分词作后置定语:表被动、完成,相当于被动语态的定语从句,此处written by a famous author...= which was written by a famous author...,简化句子结构;常见例句:the letter written by my father(我爸爸写的信)、the song sung by her(她唱的歌)。2. 并列谓语动词:and连接两个并列的谓语动词,需保持时态/语态一致,此处前面是现在完成时的被动语态(has been translated),后面是一般现在时的被动语态(is read),因动作的时间范围不同(翻译是从过去到现在,阅读是客观事实),时态可不同,但语态需一致(均为被动)。3. 一般现在时的被动语态:结构为“主语+is/are+过去分词”,表客观事实、经常性动作,主语是单数用is,复数用are,如The book is read by many students.(这本书被很多学生阅读)。4. 现在完成时的被动语态:结构为“主语+has/has been+过去分词”,表“动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且主语是动作的承受者”,如The house has been built for 5 years.(这栋房子已经建了5年了)。5. It is important that we ________ (pay) attention to the details in our work, because even a small mistake may lead to a huge loss that ________ (be) difficult to recover from.答案:(should) pay; is翻译:我们在工作中注意细节是很重要的,因为即使是一个小错误,也可能导致难以挽回的巨大损失。解析:① 第一空考查虚拟语气。It is important that...(……是很重要的)是固定句型,that引导的主语从句中,需用虚拟语气,结构为“(should)+动词原形”,should可省略,故填(should) pay;② 第二空考查定语从句和时态。先行词是a huge loss(巨大的损失),定语从句中缺少谓语动词;句子描述客观事实,用一般现在时;先行词是单数,故谓语动词用is。核心知识点:1. 虚拟语气(主语从句):① 常见句型:It is important/necessary/essential/strange/surprising that...,that从句中用“(should)+动词原形”,should可省略;② 例句:It is necessary that we (should) finish the work on time.(我们按时完成工作是必要的);It is strange that he (should) refuse the invitation.(他竟然拒绝邀请,真奇怪)。2. 固定短语pay attention to sth:意为“注意某事”,to是介词,后接名词/动名词,如pay attention to your health(注意你的健康)、pay attention to studying(注意学习)。3. 定语从句(先行词指物):先行词是a huge loss(物),关系代词that在从句中作主语,可省略,如The mistake (that) he made was very serious.(他犯的错误很严重);be difficult to recover from意为“难以挽回、难以恢复”,recover from意为“从……中恢复”。4. even的用法:even(即使、甚至),用于加强语气,可修饰名词、动词、形容词等,如even a small mistake(即使是一个小错误)、even though(即使,引导让步状语从句)。6. As more and more people become aware of the importance of environmental protection, a growing number of measures ________ (take) to reduce pollution, including ________ (plant) more trees and limiting the use of plastic products.答案:are being taken; planting翻译:随着越来越多的人意识到环境保护的重要性,越来越多的措施正在被采取以减少污染,包括种植更多的树木和限制塑料制品的使用。解析:① 第一空考查现在进行时的被动语态。句中描述的是当前正在发生的动作(措施正在被采取),主语a growing number of measures(越来越多的措施)与take(采取)构成被动关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态,结构为“主语+are being+过去分词”;measures是复数,故填are being taken;② 第二空考查动名词。including(包括)是介词,后接名词/动名词,plant是动词,故用动名词planting,与limiting the use of plastic products并列,作including的宾语。核心知识点:1. 现在进行时的被动语态:① 结构:主语+am/is/are being+过去分词;② 用法:描述当前正在进行的被动动作,如The house is being built now.(这栋房子现在正在被建造);③ 标志词:now、at present、currently(目前)等。2. 介词including的用法:including是介词,意为“包括”,后接名词/动名词,可置于句首或句末,如Including me, there are 10 people.(包括我在内,有10个人);也可用于“名词+including+名词”结构,如I have many hobbies, including reading and swimming.(我有很多爱好,包括阅读和游泳)。3. 固定短语become aware of sth:意为“意识到某事”,如become aware of the danger(意识到危险);同义短语:realize sth(意识到某事)、be aware of sth(意识到某事)。4. a growing number of与the number of的区别:① a growing number of(越来越多的),后接复数名词,谓语动词用复数,如a growing number of students(越来越多的学生);② the number of(……的数量),后接复数名词,谓语动词用单数,如The number of students is increasing.(学生的数量正在增加)。7. The young man, who ________ (graduate) from a top university last year, is now working in a company ________ (specialize) in AI technology, where he can apply his professional knowledge to practice.答案:graduated; specializing翻译:那个去年从顶尖大学毕业的年轻人,现在在一家专注于人工智能技术的公司工作,在那里他可以将自己的专业知识应用到实践中。解析:① 第一空考查时态。定语从句中,时间状语last year(去年)是一般过去时的标志,故谓语动词graduate用过去式graduated;② 第二空考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词is working,故specialize需用非谓语形式;company(公司)与specialize(专注于)构成主动关系(公司主动专注于某领域),故用现在分词specializing,作后置定语,修饰company,相当于which specializes in...;③ 第三空考查定语从句。where引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是a company(地点),where在从句中作地点状语,相当于in which,即in the company he can apply his professional knowledge to practice。核心知识点:1. 一般过去时:① 标志词:last year、yesterday、ago、in 2020等,表过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态;② 结构:主语+过去式,如He went to school yesterday.(他昨天去上学了);graduate的过去式是graduated,类似变化如work→worked、play→played。2. 现在分词作后置定语:表主动、进行,逻辑主语是被修饰的名词(此处为company),相当于主动语态的定语从句,如a company specializing in AI technology = a company which specializes in AI technology;对比:过去分词作后置定语表被动,如a book written by Lu Xun(鲁迅写的书)。3. 定语从句(where引导):① 先行词是地点名词(如company、school、city等),where在从句中作地点状语,可替换为“介词+which”;② 例句:This is the school where I studied.(这是我曾经就读的学校)= This is the school in which I studied.;③ 区别:which引导定语从句时,在从句中作主语或宾语,而where作地点状语。4. 固定短语apply...to...:意为“将……应用于……”,如apply theory to practice(将理论应用于实践);professional knowledge(专业知识),professional是形容词,修饰knowledge。8. By the end of next year, we ________ (complete) the construction of the new library, which ________ (equip) with modern facilities to meet the growing needs of students.答案:will have completed; will be equipped翻译:到明年年底,我们将完成新图书馆的建设,该图书馆将配备现代化设施,以满足学生日益增长的需求。解析:① 第一空考查将来完成时。By the end of next year(到明年年底)是将来完成时的标志,表“在未来某个时间之前已经完成的动作”(建设在明年年底前完成);将来完成时结构为“will have+过去分词”,complete的过去分词是completed,故填will have completed;② 第二空考查将来时的被动语态。which指代the new library(图书馆),与equip(配备)构成被动关系(图书馆被配备设施),且动作发生在未来(建设完成后配备),故用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be+过去分词”,equip的过去分词是equipped,故填will be equipped。核心知识点:1. 将来完成时:① 结构:will have+过去分词;② 标志词:By the end of+将来时间(如next year、tomorrow)、by this time next year(明年这个时候)等;③ 含义:表示在未来某个时间点之前已经完成的动作或状态,如By this time next month, I will have learned 1000 words.(到下个月这个时候,我将已经学会1000个单词了)。2. 一般将来时的被动语态:① 结构:will be+过去分词;② 用法:描述未来发生的被动动作,如The project will be finished next week.(这个项目将于下周完成);③ 转换:主动语态(We will equip the library with modern facilities.)→ 被动语态(The library will be equipped with modern facilities by us.)。3. 非限制性定语从句:which指代the new library,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明图书馆的情况,不能用that引导。4. 固定短语meet the needs of...:意为“满足……的需求”,如meet the needs of customers(满足顾客的需求);growing(日益增长的)是形容词,修饰needs,如growing demand(日益增长的需求)。9. Although she ________ (work) in the company for only three years, she ________ (promote) twice and has become one of the most outstanding employees.答案:has worked; has been promoted翻译:尽管她在这家公司只工作了三年,但她已经被晋升了两次,成为了最优秀的员工之一。解析:① 第一空考查现在完成时。时间状语for only three years(仅仅三年)是现在完成时的标志,强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在(工作三年,现在仍在公司);主语she是单数,故填has worked;② 第二空考查现在完成时的被动语态。she与promote(晋升)构成被动关系(她被晋升),且动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响(成为优秀员工),故用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为“has been+过去分词”,promote的过去分词是promoted,故填has been promoted。核心知识点:1. 现在完成时的用法:① 标志词:for+时间段、since+时间点、so far、up to now等;② 含义:动作从过去持续到现在,或过去动作对现在造成影响;如She has lived here for 5 years.(她在这里住了5年了,现在还住在这里);He has broken his leg, so he can’t walk.(他摔断了腿,现在不能走路)。2. 现在完成时的被动语态:① 结构:主语+has/have been+过去分词;② 用法:强调被动动作从过去持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响;如The window has been broken for two days.(窗户已经破了两天了)。3. although引导的让步状语从句:although(尽管、虽然),引导让步状语从句,不能与but连用,如Although he is young, he is very experienced.(尽管他很年轻,但他经验丰富)。4. 固定短语one of+形容词最高级+复数名词:意为“最……之一”,如one of the most beautiful cities(最美丽的城市之一),后面的名词需用复数,谓语动词用单数。10. The reason why he failed the exam is that he ________ (not pay) enough attention to his studies and often ________ (waste) time on playing games.答案:didn’t pay; wasted翻译:他考试不及格的原因是他没有足够重视学习,经常把时间浪费在玩游戏上。解析:① 第一空考查时态。“考试不及格”是过去发生的事情,“没有重视学习”是导致不及格的原因,也发生在过去,故用一般过去时的否定形式,即didn’t+动词原形,填didn’t pay;② 第二空考查时态。and连接两个并列的谓语动词,前面是didn’t pay(一般过去时),后面也需用一般过去时,waste的过去式是wasted,故填wasted。核心知识点:1. 一般过去时的否定形式:① 结构:didn’t+动词原形,无论主语是单数还是复数,均用didn’t,如He didn’t go to school yesterday.(他昨天没去上学);They didn’t finish the work on time.(他们没有按时完成工作)。2. 并列谓语动词:and连接两个并列的谓语动词,需保持时态一致,此处均用一般过去时,描述过去发生的两个动作(不重视学习、浪费时间)。3. The reason why...is that...句型:① 含义:“……的原因是……”,why引导定语从句,修饰the reason,that引导表语从句,说明原因的具体内容;② 例句:The reason why I was late is that I missed the bus.(我迟到的原因是我错过了公交车)。4. 固定短语pay attention to sth:意为“重视某事、注意某事”,如pay attention to class(重视课堂);waste time on sth:意为“把时间浪费在某事上”,也可表示为waste time (in) doing sth,如waste time (in) playing games(浪费时间玩游戏)。11. If we ________ (take) effective measures to protect the environment now, we ________ (avoid) many serious environmental problems in the future.答案:take; will avoid翻译:如果我们现在采取有效措施保护环境,我们将来就能避免许多严重的环境问题。解析:① 第一空考查条件状语从句的时态。if(如果)引导条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,即主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来;从句主语we是复数,故填take(原形);② 第二空考查一般将来时。主句描述未来的动作(避免环境问题),用一般将来时,结构为“will+动词原形”,故填will avoid。核心知识点:1. if引导的条件状语从句(主将从现):① 原则:主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)、情态动词(can/may/must+动词原形)或祈使句,从句用一般现在时表将来;② 例句:If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里);If you work hard, you can pass the exam.(如果你努力学习,你就能通过考试)。2. 动词take的用法:此处take measures意为“采取措施”,是固定搭配,如take measures to do sth(采取措施做某事),如take measures to reduce pollution(采取措施减少污染)。3. 固定短语avoid doing sth:意为“避免做某事”,avoid后接动名词,如avoid making mistakes(避免犯错误);environmental problems(环境问题),environmental是形容词,修饰problems。12. The book, which ________ (translate) into more than 30 languages since it was published, ________ (become) a bestseller all over the world.答案:has been translated; has become翻译:这本书自出版以来,已被翻译成30多种语言,成为了全世界的畅销书。解析:① 第一空考查现在完成时的被动语态。since it was published(自出版以来)是现在完成时的标志,the book(书)与translate(翻译)构成被动关系(书被翻译),故用现在完成时的被动语态,结构为“has been+过去分词”,translate的过去分词是translated,故填has been translated;② 第二空考查现在完成时。“成为畅销书”是从过去(出版)持续到现在的状态,对现在造成影响(全世界畅销),故用现在完成时,主语the book是单数,填has become。核心知识点:1. since引导的时间状语从句:① since+一般过去时的句子,主句用现在完成时;② 例句:Since I came here, I have made many friends.(自从我来到这里,我交了很多朋友);③ 此处since it was published意为“自它被出版以来”,it指代the book,was published是一般过去时的被动语态。2. 现在完成时的被动语态:强调被动动作从过去持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响,如The bridge has been built for 10 years.(这座桥已经建了10年了)。3. 非限制性定语从句:which指代the book,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明这本书的翻译情况;since引导的时间状语从句作定语从句的时间状语。4. bestseller(畅销书),是可数名词,如a bestseller(一本畅销书),复数形式为bestsellers。13. When he ________ (arrive) at the office, he found that all his colleagues ________ (leave) and the office was empty.答案:arrived; had left翻译:当他到达办公室时,他发现所有的同事都已经离开了,办公室空荡荡的。解析:① 第一空考查时态。when引导时间状语从句,“到达办公室”是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,arrive的过去式是arrived,故填arrived;② 第二空考查过去完成时。“同事离开”发生在“他到达”之前,是“过去的过去”,故用过去完成时,结构为“had+过去分词”,leave的过去分词是left,故填had left。核心知识点:1. 过去完成时的用法:① 标志词:when、before、after等引导的时间状语从句(从句用一般过去时),主句用过去完成时,表“过去的过去”;② 例句:When I got to the station, the train had left.(当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了);③ 含义:强调一个过去动作发生在另一个过去动作之前。2. 一般过去时:描述过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,此处arrived和was均为一般过去时,描述“到达”和“办公室空荡荡”这两个过去的状态。3. 宾语从句:that引导宾语从句,作found的宾语,从句中and连接两个并列的句子(all his colleagues had left和the office was empty),保持时态一致(均为过去相关时态)。4. colleague(同事),是可数名词,复数形式为colleagues;empty(空的),是形容词,作表语,如The room is empty.(房间是空的)。14. It is suggested that we ________ (spend) more time communicating with our parents, because communication ________ (help) us understand each other better.答案:(should) spend; helps翻译:有人建议我们多花点时间和父母沟通,因为沟通能帮助我们更好地了解彼此。解析:① 第一空考查虚拟语气。It is suggested that...(有人建议……)是固定句型,that引导的主语从句中,需用虚拟语气,结构为“(should)+动词原形”,should可省略,故填(should) spend;② 第二空考查时态。because引导原因状语从句,描述客观事实(沟通能帮助了解彼此),用一般现在时;主语communication是不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数helps,故填helps。核心知识点:1. 虚拟语气(主语从句):① 常见句型:It is suggested/ordered/required/requested that...,that从句中用“(should)+动词原形”,should可省略;② 例句:It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting.(有人建议我们开个会);It is required that all students (should) finish the homework.(要求所有学生完成作业)。2. 一般现在时的用法:描述客观事实、真理、经常性动作,主语是不可数名词或单数第三人称时,谓语动词加s/es;communication是不可数名词,故help用第三人称单数helps,类似如Time flies.(时光飞逝)。3. 固定短语spend time doing sth:意为“花时间做某事”,如spend time reading(花时间阅读);communicate with sb:意为“与某人沟通”,如communicate with friends(与朋友沟通)。4. 原因状语从句:because引导原因状语从句,说明建议多沟通的原因;understand each other(了解彼此),each other是相互代词,意为“彼此、互相”。15. The scientist, who ________ (devote) himself to the research on renewable energy for years, ________ (announce) a major discovery at the conference yesterday.答案:has devoted; announced翻译:那位多年来致力于可再生能源研究的科学家,昨天在会议上宣布了一项重大发现。解析:① 第一空考查现在完成时。时间状语for years(多年来)是现在完成时的标志,强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在(科学家多年来一直致力于研究,现在可能还在继续);主语the scientist是单数,故填has devoted;② 第二空考查一般过去时。时间状语yesterday(昨天)是一般过去时的标志,“宣布发现”是过去发生的动作,announce的过去式是announced,故填announced。核心知识点:1. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:① 现在完成时(has devoted):强调动作从过去持续到现在,或对现在造成的影响;② 一般过去时(announced):强调动作发生在过去某个具体时间,与现在无关;③ 例句对比:He has lived here for 5 years.(他在这里住了5年了,现在还住);He lived here 5 years ago.(他5年前在这里住过,现在不住了)。2. 非限制性定语从句:which指代the scientist,在从句中作主语,引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明科学家的研究情况;for years作定语从句的时间状语。3. 固定短语devote oneself to sth:意为“致力于某事”,to是介词,后接名词/动名词,如devote oneself to teaching(致力于教学);renewable energy(可再生能源),renewable是形容词,修饰energy。4. announce(宣布),是及物动词,后接宾语,如announce a discovery(宣布一项发现);conference(会议),如a press conference(新闻发布会)。第二组1. Growing up in a small town, she had limited access ________ science museums or space camps.答案:to翻译:在一个小镇长大,她接触科学博物馆或太空营的机会很少。详细解析:本题考查固定搭配。句中核心短语为“have access to”,意为“有机会接触、能够使用”,为固定搭配,空格处需填介词“to”,不可用其他介词替换。句子主干为“she had limited access”,“Growing up in a small town”为现在分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是“she”,表主动关系。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 固定搭配“have access to”:- 含义:有使用/接触……的机会;能够接近……,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词(doing)。- 常见变形:① have no access to 没有机会接触;② gain access to 获得接触……的机会;③ get access to 接近、获取。- 例句:Students in remote areas also have access to online courses.(偏远地区的学生也能接触到在线课程。)2. 现在分词作状语:- 用法:当分词与句子主语为主动关系时,用现在分词(doing)作状语,可表时间、原因、伴随、条件等。本句中“growing up”与“she”是主动关系,表时间,相当于“While she grew up in a small town”。- 拓展:若分词与主语为被动关系,用过去分词(done)作状语;若表“正在进行的被动”,用现在分词的被动式(being done)。2. Every night, she would study under the dim light, ____________ (complete) her homework before helping her younger siblings.答案:completing翻译:每天晚上,她都会在昏暗的灯光下学习,完成作业后再帮助弟弟妹妹。详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(现在分词作伴随状语)。句子主干为“she would study under the dim light”,逗号后无连词,因此空格处需填非谓语动词。“complete”与逻辑主语“she”是主动关系,且“完成作业”与“学习”是同时进行的伴随动作,故用现在分词“completing”。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 现在分词作伴随状语:- 含义:表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作,对谓语动作起补充说明作用,通常用逗号与主句隔开。- 判定方法:空格前无连词,且非谓语动词与逻辑主语(主句主语)为主动关系,表“主动、进行”,用现在分词。- 例句:He walked along the street, singing a popular song.(他沿着街道走,唱着一首流行歌曲。)2. 非谓语动词辨析(核心重点):- 现在分词(doing):主动、进行,可作状语、定语、宾语补足语等。- 过去分词(done):被动、完成,同样可作状语、定语等,逻辑主语与动作是被动关系。- 不定式(to do):表目的、将来,作状语时多表目的,如“She went to the library to borrow books.”(她去图书馆借书。)3. 固定搭配“help sb. (to) do sth.”:help后接不定式作宾语补足语时,to可省略,如“help her younger siblings (to) do their homework”。3. Her hard work paid off. She earned a scholarship to a top university, ________ she studied geology.答案:where翻译:她的努力得到了回报。她获得了一所顶尖大学的奖学金,并在那里学习地质学。详细解析:本题考查定语从句。先行词为“a top university”(一所顶尖大学),空格处引导定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语(“在这所大学学习”),因此用关系副词“where”。定语从句的主干为“she studied geology”,where在从句中替代“in the top university”。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 定语从句(关系副词where的用法):- 先行词:通常是表示地点的名词(如university, school, city, place等)。- 作用:where在定语从句中作地点状语,相当于“in/on/at + which”。本句中“where she studied geology”可改写为“in which she studied geology”。- 例句:This is the city where I was born.(这是我出生的城市。)= This is the city in which I was born.2. 定语从句关系词辨析(易混点):- where(地点状语):先行词是地点,从句缺地点状语。- which(主语/宾语):先行词是物,从句缺主语或宾语,如“She bought a book which is about history.”(她买了一本关于历史的书,which作主语)。- that(主语/宾语):先行词是人或物,从句缺主语或宾语,可替代which(物)或who(人),但不能引导非限制性定语从句(本句为非限制性定语从句,逗号隔开,不可用that)。3. 固定短语“pay off”:意为“得到回报、取得成功”,为不及物短语,无被动语态,如“All his efforts paid off in the end.”(他所有的努力最终都得到了回报。)4. In 2026, Watkins finally received ________ call she had been waiting for. She was selected as one of twelve____ (candidate) for the Mars mission training program.答案:the; candidates翻译:2026年,沃特金斯终于接到了她一直等待的那个电话。她被选为火星任务训练项目的12名候选人之一。详细解析:本题考查冠词和名词单复数。第一空:“call”后有定语从句“she had been waiting for”(她一直等待的)修饰,表特指,因此用定冠词“the”;第二空:“twelve”(十二)后接可数名词复数,“candidate”(候选人)的复数形式为“candidates”。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 定冠词the的用法(特指):- 含义:特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,常与定语从句、介词短语等修饰成分连用,表“明确的、特定的”。- 常见场景:① 名词后有定语从句修饰(如本题);② 名词后有of短语修饰(如“the book of my father”我爸爸的那本书);③ 第二次提到的人或事物(如“I have a pen. The pen is red.”)。2. 名词单复数变化(规则变化):- 一般情况下,可数名词变复数加“-s”,如candidate → candidates, book → books。- 易混点:以“e”结尾的名词,直接加“-s”(如cake → cakes);以“y”结尾,且“y”前是辅音字母,变“y”为“i”加“-es”(如city → cities);以“s/x/ch/sh”结尾,加“-es”(如box → boxes)。3. 固定搭配“one of + 可数名词复数”:意为“……之一”,后面的名词必须用复数形式,谓语动词用单数(如“One of the students is from America.”)。4. 过去完成进行时“had been waiting”:表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去某个时间点的动作,本句中“等待电话”从过去某个时间开始,持续到2026年(过去时间)接到电话为止。5. Her story ________ (share) widely on social media, inspiring millions of young people.答案:was shared翻译:她的故事在社交媒体上被广泛分享,激励了数百万年轻人。详细解析:本题考查被动语态和时态。句子主语“Her story”(她的故事)与谓语动词“share”(分享)是被动关系(故事被人分享),因此用被动语态;结合语境,“分享故事”是过去发生的动作,因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was shared”。逗号后“inspiring millions of young people”是现在分词作结果状语,表自然而然的结果。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 一般过去时的被动语态:- 结构:主语 + was/were + 过去分词(done)。主语是单数(her story),用was;share的过去分词是shared。- 用法:表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作,强调动作的承受者(本句中“her story”是“share”的承受者)。- 例句:The letter was written by my mother yesterday.(这封信是我妈妈昨天写的。)2. 被动语态的核心构成:- 基本结构:be + 过去分词(be动词的时态随语境变化,如一般现在时is/are done,现在进行时is/are being done,现在完成时has/have been done)。- 注意:不及物动词(如happen, appear, come)无被动语态,如“The accident happened yesterday.”(事故昨天发生了,不可说“The accident was happened...”)。3. 现在分词作结果状语:- 用法:表示谓语动作带来的自然而然的结果,逗号隔开;若表“出乎意料的结果”,用不定式(to do),如“He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.”(他匆忙赶到车站,却发现火车已经开走了。)6. Today, she serves as a powerful reminder that with persistence, even the ________ (far) dreams can become reality.答案:farthest翻译:如今,她有力地提醒我们,只要坚持不懈,即使是最遥远的梦想也能成为现实。详细解析:本题考查形容词最高级。句中定冠词“the”后接形容词最高级,结合语境“即使是最遥远的梦想”,“far”(遥远的)的最高级为“farthest”(指距离上的“最远”)。注意:far的另一个最高级“furthest”多表示“程度上的更进一步”(如“furthest study”进一步的研究)。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 形容词最高级的用法:- 基本结构:the + 形容词最高级 + 名词,用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示“最……”。- 变化规则:① 单音节词和部分双音节词,直接加“-est”(如far → farthest, tall → tallest);② 以“e”结尾的词,加“-st”(如nice → nicest);③ 以“y”结尾,“y”前是辅音字母,变“y”为“i”加“-est”(如happy → happiest);④ 多音节词和部分双音节词,加“most”(如beautiful → most beautiful)。2. far的比较级和最高级辨析(易混点):- far → farther → farthest:侧重“距离上的远”,如“the farthest city”(最远的城市)。- far → further → furthest:侧重“程度上的深入、更进一步”,如“further research”(进一步的研究)、“furthest goal”(更长远的目标)。3. 固定搭配“serve as”:意为“充当、作为”,相当于“act as”,如“She serves as a teacher in a middle school.”(她在一所中学当老师。)4. 同位语从句“that with persistence... become reality”:修饰先行词“reminder”(提醒物、提示),that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用,不可省略。7. The first five national parks, officially ________ (establish) in 2021, cover 230,000 square kilometers and protect nearly 30% of the country’s key wildlife species.答案:established翻译:2021年正式建立的前五个国家公园,占地面积达23万平方公里,保护着该国近30%的关键野生动物物种。详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(过去分词作定语)。句子主干为“The first five national parks cover... and protect...”,逗号中间的部分为后置定语,修饰“national parks”。“establish”(建立)与逻辑主语“national parks”是被动关系(国家公园被建立),且动作发生在2021年(过去),表“被动、完成”,故用过去分词“established”。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 过去分词作后置定语:- 用法:修饰名词,位于名词后面,表“被动、完成”,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。本句中“officially established in 2021”可改写为“which were officially established in 2021”。- 例句:The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的那本书很受欢迎,written修饰book,表被动、完成)。2. 非谓语动词作定语辨析:- 过去分词(done):被动、完成,修饰名词,后置或前置(前置多为单个过去分词,如“a broken cup”一个破碎的杯子)。- 现在分词(doing):主动、进行,修饰名词,后置,如“The boy playing football is my brother.”(踢足球的那个男孩是我弟弟)。- 不定式(to do):表将来,修饰名词,后置,如“I have a meeting to attend.”(我有一个会议要参加)。3. 句子并列谓语:本句中“cover”和“protect”是并列谓语,主语都是“The first five national parks”,时态为一般现在时,用动词原形。8. These parks have joined over 120 nature reserves together, greatly improving ecosystem health and long-term ________ (stable).答案:stability翻译:这些公园与120多个自然保护区联合起来,极大地改善了生态系统健康和长期稳定性。详细解析:本题考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。句中“long-term”(长期的)是形容词,后面需接名词作宾语,与前面的“ecosystem health”(生态系统健康,名词短语)并列。“stable”(稳定的,形容词)的名词形式为“stability”(稳定性),为不可数名词,无复数形式。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 词性转换(形容词→名词):- 常见后缀:① -ity:stable → stability(稳定→稳定性)、able → ability(有能力的→能力);② -ness:happy → happiness(开心的→开心)、sad → sadness(难过的→难过);③ -tion:act → action(行动→动作)、inform → information(通知→信息)。- 注意:部分形容词变名词后为不可数名词(如stability, happiness),部分为可数名词(如ability → abilities)。2. 现在分词作结果状语(补充):- 句中“greatly improving...”是现在分词短语作结果状语,表“联合起来”带来的自然结果,improving的逻辑主语是前面整个句子(These parks... together)。3. 固定搭配“join... together”:意为“将……联合起来、合并起来”,如“We joined the two teams together to complete the task.”(我们将两个团队联合起来完成任务。)9. In the Northeast Tiger and leopard National Park, the number of wild tigers ________ (grow) from 27 to about 70 since 2017.答案:has grown翻译:在东北虎豹国家公园,自2017年以来,野生老虎的数量从27只增长到了约70只。详细解析:本题考查现在完成时。句中时间状语“since 2017”(自2017年以来)是现在完成时的标志词,强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在(可能还在持续)。主语“the number of wild tigers”(野生老虎的数量)是单数,因此谓语动词用has + 过去分词,“grow”的过去分词是“grown”。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 现在完成时的用法:- 结构:主语 + has/have + 过去分词(done)。主语是单数(the number of...),用has;主语是复数,用have。- 标志词:since + 过去时间点(如since 2017, since last year)、for + 时间段(如for 5 years)、so far(到目前为止)、up to now(直到现在)等。- 含义:① 动作从过去开始,持续到现在;② 动作过去发生,对现在造成影响。本句属于第一种情况。2. 易混短语辨析:the number of vs. a number of- the number of + 可数名词复数:意为“……的数量”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数(如本题)。- a number of + 可数名词复数:意为“许多、大量”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数(如“A number of students are reading in the library.”)。3. 固定搭配“from... to...”:意为“从……到……”,可接数字、地点、时间等,如“from Beijing to Shanghai”(从北京到上海)、“from morning to night”(从早到晚)。10. The Hainan tropical Rainforest National Park is the only place ________ the Hainan gibbon population has been steadily rising.答案:where翻译:海南热带雨林国家公园是唯一一处海南长臂猿数量稳步增长的地方。详细解析:本题考查定语从句(关系副词where)。先行词为“the only place”(唯一的地方),空格处引导定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语(“在这个地方,海南长臂猿数量增长”),因此用关系副词“where”,相当于“in which”。从句时态为现在完成进行时“has been steadily rising”,强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在,且还在进行。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 定语从句中where的补充用法:- 即使先行词前有“the only”“the very”等修饰词,只要从句缺地点状语,仍用where,不用that(that不能作状语)。如本题“the only place where...”,不可说“the only place that...”。- 例句:This is the only school where I have studied.(这是我唯一就读过的学校。)2. 现在完成进行时“has been rising”:- 结构:主语 + has/have + been + 现在分词(doing)。- 含义:强调动作从过去开始,持续到现在,并且还在进行,带有“持续进行、不断发展”的含义,本句中“steadily rising”(稳步增长)体现了动作的持续性。- 例句:It has been raining for three days.(雨已经下了三天了,还在下。)3. 专有名词辨析:Hainan gibbon 海南长臂猿(中国特有珍稀物种,需注意大写首字母)。11. You may remember back at the start of December, ________ China carried out their unmanned Chang’e-5 mission and the spacecraft touched down on the moon to collect samples for research.答案:when翻译:你可能还记得12月初,中国执行了无人嫦娥五号任务,航天器登陆月球收集研究样本。详细解析:本题考查定语从句(关系副词when)。先行词为“the start of December”(12月初),空格处引导非限制性定语从句(逗号隔开),且在从句中作时间状语(“在12月初,中国执行了任务”),因此用关系副词“when”,相当于“at which”。从句主干为“China carried out... and the spacecraft touched down...”,是并列谓语结构。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 定语从句(关系副词when的用法):- 先行词:通常是表示时间的名词(如the start of December, morning, year, day等)。- 作用:when在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“in/on/at + which”。本句中“when China carried out...”可改写为“at which China carried out...”。- 例句:I still remember the day when I first met her.(我还记得第一次见到她的那一天。)= I still remember the day on which I first met her.2. 非限制性定语从句:- 特点:用逗号与主句隔开,对先行词起补充说明作用,不能用that引导,关系词可省略(若关系词在从句中作宾语)。本句中when不可省略,因为它在从句中作状语。3. 固定短语“carry out”:意为“执行、实施”,如“carry out a plan”(执行计划)、“carry out a mission”(执行任务)。4. 不定式作目的状语:“to collect samples for research”(为了收集研究样本),表航天器登陆月球的目的。12. Chang’e-5, ________ (launch) by a Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket early on Nov 24, is the nation’s ________ (large) and most complex lunar probe.答案:launched; largest翻译:11月24日凌晨,嫦娥五号由长征五号重型运载火箭发射升空,它是中国最大、最复杂的月球探测器。详细解析:本题考查非谓语动词(过去分词)和形容词最高级。第一空:“launch”(发射)与逻辑主语“Chang’e-5”(嫦娥五号)是被动关系(嫦娥五号被发射),且动作发生在过去,表“被动、完成”,故用过去分词“launched”,作后置定语修饰“Chang’e-5”;第二空:由and后的“most complex”(最复杂的)可知,空格处需填形容词最高级,与“most complex”并列,“large”(大的)的最高级为“largest”,前面加定冠词“the”(句中已有“the nation’s”,the可省略)。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 过去分词作后置定语(补充):- 当过去分词作后置定语时,可带有自己的状语(如本题中“by a Long March 5... on Nov 24”),补充说明动作的执行者、时间等,相当于“which was launched by... on Nov 24”。2. 形容词最高级的并列用法:- 当两个最高级并列时,第二个最高级前的“the”可省略,如“the largest and (the) most complex”(最大且最复杂的)。- 例句:This is the tallest and most beautiful building in the city.(这是这座城市里最高、最漂亮的建筑。)3. 被动语态的省略(非谓语动词):- 当定语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可省略“主语+be”,直接用过去分词(如本题“which was launched”省略为“launched”)。4. 专有名词:Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket 长征五号重型运载火箭;lunar probe 月球探测器。13. The mission’s results will contribute ____ mankind’s deeper understanding of the moon’s origins and the evolution of the solar system.答案:to翻译:该任务的成果将有助于人类更深入地了解月球的起源和太阳系的演化。详细解析:本题考查固定搭配。句中核心短语为“contribute to”,意为“有助于、促成”,为固定搭配,空格处需填介词“to”,to后接名词、代词或动名词(doing)。句子主干为“The mission’s results will contribute to...”,后面的“mankind’s deeper understanding...”是介词to的宾语。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 固定搭配“contribute to”:- 含义:① 有助于、促成(最常用,如本题);② 为……做贡献,如“contribute to the development of society”(为社会发展做贡献)。- 注意:to是介词,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接动词原形,如“contribute to improving our English”(有助于提高我们的英语),不可说“contribute to improve...”。- 近义词组:lead to(导致、促成)、contribute towards(与contribute to含义一致,towards可替换to)。2. 名词所有格的用法:- “the mission’s results”(任务的成果)、“mankind’s deeper understanding”(人类的更深入了解),均为名词所有格,表“……的”,单数名词后加“’s”。- 拓展:复数名词以“s”结尾,加“’”,如“students’ books”(学生们的书);复数名词不以“s”结尾,加“’s”,如“children’s toys”(孩子们的玩具)。3. 核心名词:origins(起源,复数形式,指“事物的起源、根源”);evolution(演化、进化,不可数名词);solar system(太阳系,专有名词,首字母大写)。14. The brilliance of Quanzhou puppetry (木偶戏) , ________ national intangible cultural heritage that ________ (originate) in Quanzhou, Fujian Province in the Qin Dynasty, lies in the skill of the performers’ fingers in controlling puppets by pulling threads.答案:a; originates翻译:泉州木偶戏——一项起源于秦朝福建省泉州的国家级非物质文化遗产——其魅力在于表演者用手指拉线控制木偶的技巧。详细解析:本题考查冠词和主谓一致。第一空:“national intangible cultural heritage”(国家级非物质文化遗产)是可数名词短语,此处表泛指“一项非物质文化遗产”,且“national”以辅音音素开头,因此用不定冠词“a”;第二空:定语从句的先行词为“a national intangible cultural heritage”(单数),定语从句的谓语动词需与先行词保持一致,且“起源于秦朝”是客观事实,用一般现在时,因此“originate”(起源)用第三人称单数形式“originates”。核心知识点(详细补充):1. 不定冠词a/an的用法(泛指):- 含义:表示“一个、一项”,用于可数名词单数前,表泛指某一类事物中的一个。- 区别:a用于辅音音素开头的单词前(如a book, a national...);an用于元音音素开头的单词前(如an apple, an hour)。- 注意:此处“a national intangible cultural heritage”是Quanzhou puppetry的同位语,补充说明泉州木偶戏的身份。2. 主谓一致(定语从句):- 定语从句中,谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定,而非靠近谓语的名词。本句先行词是“a national intangible cultural heritage”(单数),因此谓语动词用第三人称单数“originates”。- 例句:This is the book that was written by Lu Xun.(先行词是the book,单数,谓语动词用was)。3. 固定短语“lie in”:意为“在于、存在于”,如“The key to success lies in hard work.”(成功的关键在于努力。)4. 动词originate的用法:- 含义:起源于、来源于,常见搭配“originate in/from”(起源于……),如“The custom originates in ancient times.”(这个习俗起源于古代。)5. 专有名词:Quanzhou puppetry 泉州木偶戏;national intangible cultural heritage 国家级非物质文化遗产;Qin Dynasty 秦朝(首字母大写)。15. A recent example of this historical art that showcases the harmony between tradition and modernity is at the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum in Beijing, ________ a skilled puppeteer controlled a designed monkey puppet to play a guitar, while another performance featured a robot dog________ (dance) in rhythm with the puppet, which drew continuous laughter from the audience who were attracted by this creative combination of ancient art and technology.答案:where; dancing翻译:最近,这项历史艺术展示传统与现代和谐之美的一个例子是在北京中国传统文化博物馆,在那里,一位技艺精湛的木偶师操控着一个定制的猴子木偶弹吉他,而另一场表演中,一只机器狗随着木偶的节奏跳舞,这引得被这种古老艺术与科技的创意结合所吸引的观众们阵阵欢笑。详细解析:本题考查定语从句(关系副词where)和非谓语动词(现在分词)。第一空:先行词为“the Chinese Traditional Culture Museum in Beijing”(北京中国传统文化博物馆),空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作地点状语(“在博物馆里,木偶师操控木偶”),因此用关系副词“where”;第二空:“feature”(以……为特色)是谓语 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源列表 语法填空:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(原卷版).docx 语法填空:模拟题 + 名校联考题 易错考点全突破(解析版).docx