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人教版（2024）八年级下册Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 单元重点知识梳理+习题巩固100题
（单词、短语、句型、语法）
单元重点词汇、短语自测
一、重点单词默写
【名词】
1. _______________ (n.) 奇观；惊叹
2. _______________ (n.) 深度；纵深
3. _______________ (n.) 文明
4. _______________ (n.) 发展；壮大
5. _______________ (n.) 距离；遥远
6. _______________ (n.) 条件；状况
7. _______________ (n.) 死亡；毁灭
8. _______________ (n.) 好奇心；求知欲
9. _______________ (n.) 海岸；海滨
10. _______________ (n.) 一生；终身
11. _______________ (n.) 攀登者；登山者
12. _______________ (n.) 探险者；勘探者
13. _______________ (n.) 结构；构造
14. _______________ (n.) 瀑布
15. _______________ (n.) 沙漠；荒原
16. _______________ (n.) 度；度数；程度
【动词】
1. _______________ (v.) 测量；量度为
2. _______________ (v.) 潜水；跳水
3. _______________ (v.) 生存；存活
4. _______________ (v.) 冒风险；使处于危险中
5. _______________ (v.) 吸引；招引
6. _______________ (v.) 包含；包括
7. _______________ (v.) 成功；做成
8. _______________ (v.) 攀登；攀爬
【形容词/副词】
1. _______________ (adj.) 不寻常的；特别的
2. _______________ (adj.) 北部的；向北的
3. _______________ (adj.) 有决心的；坚决的
4. _______________ (adj.) 有风险的；危险的
5. _______________ (adj.) 自然的；天然的
6. _______________ (adj.) 有活力的；活着的
7. _______________ (adv.) 成功地；顺利地
8. _______________ (adv.) 仅仅；只；简单地
【代词/其他】
1. _______________ (prep.) 在……下面；低于
2. _______________ (prep.) 在……上面；超过
二、单词词性转换
1. wonder (n./v.) → _______________ (adj. 精彩的；极好的)
2. depth (n.) → _______________ (adj. 深的)
3. development (n.) → _______________ (v. 发展；开发)
4. survive (v.) → _______________ (n. 生存；幸存)；_______________ (n. 幸存者)
5. determined (adj.) → _______________ (v. 决定；决心)
6. risk (n./v.) → _______________ (adj. 有风险的；危险的)
7. curious (adj.) → _______________ (n. 好奇心；求知欲)
8. attract (v.) → _______________ (n. 吸引力；魅力)；_______________ (adj. 有吸引力的)
9. include (v.) → _______________ (prep. 包括；包含)
10. natural (adj.) → _______________ (n. 自然；自然界)
11. successfully (adv.) → _______________ (v. 成功；做成)；_______________ (n. 成功)；_______________ (adj. 成功的)
12. explorer (n.) → _______________ (v. 探险；勘探)；_______________ (n. 探索；勘探)
13. northern (adj.) → _______________ (n. 北方；北部)
三、重点短语默写
1. _______________ 世界七大奇迹
2. _______________ 海平面以下
3. _______________ 古代文明
4. _______________ 采取措施做某事
5. _______________ 一点一点地
6. _______________ 下定决心做某事
7. _______________ 冒生命危险
8. _______________ 出于好奇心
9. _______________ 对……好奇
10. _______________ 位于；坐落在
11. _______________ 淡水湖
12. _______________ 珊瑚礁
13. _______________ 吸引某人的注意力
14. _______________ 在……海岸上
15. _______________ 在某人的一生中
16. _______________ 状态良好
17. _______________ 科学研究
18. _______________ 潜入；跳入
19. _______________ 肩并肩
20. _______________ 世界最高峰
单元重点语法、句型回顾
考点1：形容词/副词的最高级
- 核心用法：三者及以上中“最……”的用法。
- 句型结构：the + 最高级 + in/of...；one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
- 典型例句：
· Mount Qomolangma is the highest mountain in the world. （珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。）
· It is one of the most famous wonders in nature. （它是自然界最著名的奇观之一。）
- 小贴士：最高级前必须加the；one of后接复数名词
考点2：形容词/副词的比较级
- 核心用法：比较两个事物谁更……
- 句型结构：A + 比较级 + than + B；the + 比较级, the + 比较级
- 典型例句：
· The Yangtze River is longer than the Yellow River. （长江比黄河长。）
· The deeper we dive, the darker it becomes. （我们潜得越深，周围就越暗。）
- 小贴士：much/a lot可修饰比较级，表“……得多”
考点3：大数的英语表达
- 核心用法：表达地理数据，说清大数怎么读。
- 句型结构：基数词 + thousand/million + 名词
- 典型例句：
· The Amazon River is about 6,400 kilometres long. （亚马逊河大约6400千米长。）
- 小贴士：数字从右往左数每三位分节；thousand后不加s，million同理
考点4：wonder引导的宾语从句
- 核心用法：表达疑惑，想知道某件事。
- 句型结构：I wonder + wh-词/if + 主语 + 谓语
- 典型例句：
· I wonder how deep the Mariana Trench is. （我想知道马里亚纳海沟有多深。）
· I wonder if it is a natural wonder. （我想知道它是否是一处自然奇观。）
- 小贴士：从句用陈述语序
单元重点习题巩固
一、单项选择（共25题）
从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1．—What’s the biggest desert in the world
—It’s the ________ Desert.
A．Taklimakan B．Sahara C．Gobi D．Arabian
( )2．—Have you ever seen the Great Barrier Reef
—Yes, it’s one of the greatest ________ of nature in the world.
A．wonders B．problems C．mistakes D．dreams
( )3．China has over 9.6 million ________.
A．kilometers B．meters C．kilos D．square kilometers
( )4．A group of ________ met a sudden snowstorm on their way up the mountain.
A．swimmers B．drivers C．painters D．climbers
( )5．The ________ of the swimming pool is 1.8 metres, so it’s dangerous for kids to swim in it.
A．length B．depth C．width D．height
( )6．The famous saying “A thousand-mile journey begins with a single step” tells us ________.
A．how can we start a long trip B．that success comes from small beginnings
C．why should we take the first step D．where can we make our dreams come true
( )7．The Yangtze River is ________ longest river in China, and it’s important for the country’s development.
A．a B．the C．an D．/
( )8．When you visit the Great Barrier Reef, you can see ________ and clear water under the sea.
A．schools of colourful fish B．different types of coral reefs
C．white sand beaches D．all of the above
( )9．The Amazon Rainforest, the “lungs of the earth”, is becoming ________ among travelers who love nature and exploration.
A．popular and popular B．more and more popular
C．popularer and popularer D．the most and most popular
( )10．—Why do people keep exploring nature
—Because human ________ and ambition cannot be stopped.
A．curiosity B．civilization C．development D．safety
( )11．The team ________ finished the ice cave exploration after 3 hours of hard work.
A．noisily B．successfully C．angrily D．slowly
( )12．You are taking a big ________ if you go hiking alone in the mountains.
A．chance B．risk C．change D．choice
( )13．The test is designed to measure students’ reading ________ and help them improve.
A．level B．standard C．grade D．stage
( )14．The weather in the mountain is very ________—it can be sunny and rainy in one day.
A．valuable B．changeable C．terrible D．comfortable
( )15．The ship sank to the ________ of the sea after the storm, and no one survived.
A．surface B．bottom C．depth D．level
( )16．The old man was ill in hospital, and his ________ became worse. His family were all very worried.
A．stress B．condition C．environment D．decision
( )17．This time the magician showed us a(n) ________ magic trick. Everyone was really amazed by it.
A．simple B．unusual C．common D．normal
( )18．We should ________ the deep sea because many deep-sea animals are in danger now.
A．protect B．research C．measure D．reach
( )19．—Sally improved her English skills ________ through daily practice.
—Wow, that’s amazing!
A．by accident B．at once C．bit by bit D．in a hurry
( )20．The cave is so dark that we can see nothing ________ the surface.
A．below B．on C．above D．over
( )21．Among all the hills here, this one is the ________, only 50 metres high.
A．low B．lower C．lowest D．most low
( )22．—Could you please tell me something about the amusement park (游乐园), please
—With pleasure. It _________ an area of about 1.16 square kilometres, _________ four different parks.
A．is; includes B．covers; includes C．covers; including D．is; including
( )23．The submarine remained underwater for hours and finally ______ near the coast.
A．sank B．dived C．surfaced D．disappeared
( )24．The ________ part of China is home to many amazing natural sights, which ________ thousands of ________ every year.
A．north; attracts; climbers B．northern; attracts; travellers
C．northern; attract; explorers D．north; attract; visitors
( )25．The man ________ ten years ago, but his ________ still makes people in his country sad now.
A．dead; dead B．died; dead C．died; death D．dead; death
二、完成句子（共15小题）
根据所给中文提示，完成下列英语句子。每条横线处填写一个适当的单词或短语（词数不限），使句子完整、通顺。
1. Mount Qomolangma is _________________________________ in the world.
（珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。）
2. He explored the cave _________________________________.
（他一点一点地探索那个洞穴。）
3. I wonder _________________________________ the Mariana Trench is.
（我想知道马里亚纳海沟有多深。）
4. The Dead Sea is more than 430 metres _________________________________.
（死海位于海平面以下430多米。）
5. He is _________________________________ learn more about ancient civilizations.
（他下定决心要了解更多关于古代文明。）
6. The young explorer followed the strange animal _________________________________.
（那位年轻的探险家出于好奇心跟随着那只奇怪的动物。）
7. The climber _________________________________ to save his partner.
（那位登山者冒生命危险救了他的伙伴。）
8. The Great Wall is _________________________________ in the world.
（长城是世界上最著名的奇观之一。）
9. The Yangtze River is _________________________________ the Yellow River.
（长江比黄河长。）
10. _________________________________ we dive, the darker it becomes.
（我们潜得越深，周围就越暗。）
11. The ancient coral reef is still _________________________________ after millions of years.
（经过数百万年，这片古老的珊瑚礁仍然保存完好。）
12. The government _________________________________ protect the natural wonder.
（政府采取措施保护这个自然奇观。）
13. The beautiful waterfall _________________________________.
（美丽的瀑布吸引了许多游客的注意力。）
14. The two climbers stood _________________________________ on the top of the mountain.
（两名登山者肩并肩站在山顶上。）
15. The Great Barrier Reef is _________________________________ of Australia.
（大堡礁位于澳大利亚的海岸上。）
三、根据首字母提示完成句子（共20小题）
根据句子意思和首字母提示，在每条横线上填写一个适当的单词，使句子完整、通顺。
1．The e________ discovered a hidden valley while travelling in the jungle.
2．Children often ask many questions out of c________ about the natural world.
3．This tub (桶) is big enough to hold 1. 5 c________ metres of water.
4．It is the highest railway in the world climbing more than 5,000 meters a________ sea level.
5．She carried a heavy exploration bag on her left s________ as she walked through the cave.
6．The water in the lake is very clear, so we can see the b________ of the lake clearly.
7．The c________ tried to reach the top of the mountain before sunset.
8．The temperature in winter here usually drops to 5 d________ below zero.
9．His grandfather’s d________ made him realize the importance of family.
10．With the rapid d________ of technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient.
11．The Great Wall is a symbol of China’s ancient c________.
12．The boy climbed the tall wall with the help of a l________.
13．Look, children are building castles (城堡) with s________ on the beach. They’re having fun.
14．The s________ of the earth was covered by water billions of years ago.
15．Few can s_________ more than a week without water.
16．It is u______ to see snow in this city because the weather is usually very hot.
17．To explore the ocean’s deepest point, scientists have to d________ over 10,000 meters to reach the bottom.
18．The little boy is very c________ about how fish breathe underwater. He keeps asking questions.
19．The Giant’s Causeway is one of the most famous n________ wonders in the world.
20．Don’t allow your children to r_________ the journey on their own.
四、用所给词的适当形式填空（共20小题）
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、通顺。
1．The surface of the Dead Sea is about 416 metres below sea ________ (level).
2．They came to spend the holidays on the small island out of _________ (curious).
3．Reading itself is as enjoyable as travelling ten thousand ________ (mile).
4．The Sahara is one of the ________ (big) deserts in the world.
5．My apartment (公寓) is on the ________ (low) floor of the building, so I never need to wait for the lift.
6．We need to be more careful because of the ________ (change) weather in the mountains.
7．Some natural changes happen ________(simple) because of temperature.
8．He runs ________ (fast) than me, but I run ________ (far) than him.
9．After his parents’ ________ (dead), the boy had to carry the responsibility of taking care of his younger brothers and sisters on his ________ (shoulder).
10．The sign says the area is ________ (risk), so we shouldn’t go there.
11．The ________ (south) part of China is home to many amazing natural sights, which attract thousands of ________ (travel) every year.
12．Many ________ (explore) are ________ (determine) to find new natural wonders in the Amazon rainforest.
13．The ________ (nature) beauty of the Grand Canyon is amazing, and it’s hard ________ (describe) it in words.
14．He ________ (dive) into the river to save the boy, and his action ________ (success) saved the child’s life.
15．The ________ (north) part of China has many beautiful mountains, and many ________ (climb) dream of climbing them.
16．Do you know the ________ (deep) of the Mariana Trench
17．The ________ (much) you know about the culture, the ________ (easy) it is to communicate.
18．Our new school library is ___________ (locate) in the east of our campus.
19．The ________ (develop) of tourism has brought great changes to the local area, but we must take ________ (measure) to protect the environment.
20．He was the only person kept ________ (live) after the accident.
选词填空（每篇10小题，共20小题）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
A篇
it , condition , reach , use , large , grow , survive , important , than , nature
The Sahara Desert is in the north of Africa. It is the 1． desert in the world, covering about 9,000,000 square kilometres. Life there in the past was much more difficult for humans than in other places because it was hard to 2． plants and find water there.
The Sahara Desert has one of the most terrible living 3． on earth. It is very hot and dry all year round. The highest temperature there once 4． 58℃. Camels are the most 5． means of transportation (交通工具) for people in the Sahara Desert. They are called “ships of the desert”.
Oil is one of the richest mineral resources (矿产资源) in the Sahara Desert. After the people there found it, they started to sell 6． to other countries. Then they had money to build roads and houses in the desert. But it is still hard for people to 7． in the Sahara Desert now. So the government has tried hard to plant trees in the past few years. They also have had some educational programs to let people know the 8． of saving water. As a result, the Sahara Desert has become much more beautiful 9． before.
The Sahara Desert reminds us that nature is just as important as humans. So we should try our best to protect the 10． world.
B篇
explorer, travel, nature, beautiful, alive, type, successful, natural, sand, colour
There are many amazing 1． wonders around the world. Some are made of 2． , and some are formed by water. Different 3． of natural wonders attract lots of 4． every year.
5． can walk along safe paths. The best view is at the top, where you can see the truly 6． landscape. To reach this point, visitors need to climb carefully.
The park 7． protects this large place while allowing people to enjoy its 8． . We must work together to keep such wonders 9． for future generations. Let’s cherish these gifts from 10． and never stop exploring them.答案解析
单元重点词汇、短语自测
一、 重点单词默写
【名词】
1. wonder 2. depth 3. civilization 4. development 5. distance
6. condition 7. death 8. curiosity 9. coast 10. lifetime
11. climber 12. explorer 13. structure 14. waterfall 15. desert
16. degree
【动词】
1. measure 2. dive 3. survive 4. risk 5. attract
6. include 7. succeed 8. climb
【形容词/副词】
1. unusual 2. northern 3. determined 4. risky 5. natural
6. alive 7. successfully 8. simply
【代词/其他】
1.below 2. above
二、单词词性转换专练
1. wonderful 2. deep 3. develop 4. survival；survivor
5. determine 6. risky 7. curiosity 8. attraction；attractive
9. including 10. nature 11. succeed；success；successful
12. explore；exploration 13. north
三、重点短语默写
1. the seven wonders of the world 2. below sea level
3. ancient civilizations 4. take measures to do sth.
5. bit by bit 6. make up one's mind to do sth.
7. risk one's life 8. out of curiosity
9. be curious about 10. be located in/lie in
11. fresh water lake 12. coral reef
13. attract one's attention 14. on the coast of
15. in one's lifetime 16. in good condition
17. scientific research 18. dive into
19. shoulder to shoulder 20. the world's highest mountain
单元重点习题巩固
一、单项选择
1. B 解析：世界最大沙漠是撒哈拉沙漠，Sahara符合常识。
2. A 解析：one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数，wonders表示“奇观”，符合语境。
3. D 解析：描述国土面积用square kilometers“平方千米”。
4. D 解析：climbers“登山者”，在登山途中遭遇暴风雪，逻辑合理。
5. B 解析：depth“深度”，1.8米是泳池深度，对儿童有危险。
6. B 解析：宾语从句用陈述语序，该谚语意为成功源于小事开端。
7. B 解析：形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。
8. D 解析：大堡礁有彩色鱼群、珊瑚礁、白沙滩，三项均正确。
9. B 解析：more and more popular“越来越受欢迎”，多音节形容词比较级结构。
10. A 解析：curiosity“好奇心”，人类好奇心与雄心无法阻挡。
11. B 解析：successfully“成功地”，修饰完成冰洞探索的动作。
12. B 解析：take a big risk“冒很大风险”，固定搭配。
13. A 解析：reading level“阅读水平”，测试用于衡量阅读水平。
14. B 解析：changeable“多变的”，山区天气一日内晴雨交替。
15. B 解析：bottom“底部”，the bottom of the sea“海底”，固定搭配。
16. B 解析：condition“状况”，身体状况变差，符合生病住院语境。
17. B 解析：unusual“不寻常的”，魔术令人惊讶，说明特别。
18. A 解析：protect“保护”，深海动物濒危，应保护深海。
19. C 解析：bit by bit“一点一点地”，日常练习逐步提升英语。
20. A 解析：below“在……下面”，地表下一片漆黑。
21. C 解析：三者及以上比较用最高级，lowest“最低的”。
22. C 解析：cover an area of“占地”；including介词“包括”，作伴随状语。
23. C 解析：surface“浮出水面”，潜水艇在海岸附近浮出。
24. C 解析：northern形容词“北部的”；which指代sights，谓语用attract；explorers“探险者”符合语境。
25. C 解析：died动词过去式“去世”；death名词“死亡”，作主语。
二、完成句子
1. the highest mountain 解析：形容词最高级the+最高级，表“最……的”。
2. bit by bit 解析：固定短语“一点一点地”，修饰动词explored。
3. how deep 解析：wonder后接宾语从句，用陈述语序，how deep问深度。
4. below sea level 解析：固定短语“海平面以下”。
5. determined to/made up his mind to 解析：固定搭配“下定决心做某事”。
6. out of curiosity 解析：固定短语“出于好奇心”。
7. risked his life 解析：固定短语“冒生命危险”，用一般过去时。
8. one of the most famous wonders 解析：one of the+最高级+复数名词，“最……之一”。
9. longer than 解析：形容词比较级+than，表两者比较。
10. The deeper 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级，“越……越……”。
11. in good condition 解析：固定短语“状态良好；保存完好”。
12. takes measures to 解析：固定短语“采取措施做某事”，主语government为单数。
13. attracts many tourists' attention 解析：固定短语“吸引某人注意力”，主语为单数。
14. shoulder to shoulder 解析：固定短语“肩并肩”。
15. on the coast 解析：固定短语“在海岸上”。
三、根据首字母提示完成句子
1. explorer 解析：探险家在丛林中发现隐秘山谷，符合语境。
2. curiosity 解析：out of curiosity“出于好奇心”，固定搭配。
3. cubic 解析：cubic meters“立方米”，表体积。
4. above 解析：above sea level“海平面以上”。
5. shoulder 解析：on one's shoulder“在某人肩上”。
6. bottom 解析：the bottom of the lake“湖底”。
7. climber 解析：登山者试图在日落前登顶。
8. degrees 解析：5 degrees below zero“零下5度”。
9. death 解析：grandfather’s death“祖父的去世”，用名词。
10. development 解析：the development of technology“科技发展”。
11. civilization 解析：ancient civilization“古代文明”。
12. ladder 解析：with the help of a ladder“在梯子帮助下”。
13. sand 解析：build castles with sand“用沙子堆城堡”。
14. surface 解析：the surface of the earth“地球表面”。
15. survive 解析：survive without water“没水存活”。
16. unusual 解析：炎热城市下雪是不寻常的。
17. dive 解析：dive over 10,000 meters“下潜一万多米”。
18. curious 解析：be curious about“对……好奇”。
19. natural 解析：natural wonders“自然奇观”。
20. risk 解析：risk the journey“冒险旅行”。
四、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. level 解析：sea level“海平面”，固定短语。
2. curiosity 解析：out of curiosity“出于好奇心”，用名词。
3. miles 解析：ten thousand后接名词复数miles。
4. biggest 解析：one of the+形容词最高级，big的最高级biggest。
5. lowest 解析：the lowest floor“最低楼层”，用最高级。
6. changeable 解析：changeable weather“多变的天气”，用形容词。
7. simply 解析：副词simply修饰动词happen。
8. faster；farther 解析：than前用比较级，fast→faster；far→farther。
9. death；shoulders 解析：parents’ death用名词；on one’s shoulders用复数。
10. risky 解析：形容词risky作表语，“有危险的”。
11. southern；travelers 解析：southern part“南部”；thousands of后接复数travellers。
12. explorers；determined 解析：many后接复数explorers；be determined to do“决心做”。
13. natural；to describe 解析：natural beauty“自然之美”；it’s hard to do sth.。
14. dived；successfully 解析：一般过去时dived；副词successfully修饰saved。
15. northern；climbers 解析：northern part“北部”；many后接复数climbers。
16. depth 解析：the depth of“……的深度”，用名词。
17. more；easier 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级，much→more；easy→easier。
18. located 解析：be located in“位于”，固定搭配。
19. development；measures 解析：the development of“……的发展”；take measures“采取措施”。
20. alive 解析：keep alive“保持活着”，固定用法。
五、选词填空
A篇
1. largest 解析：the+最高级，large→largest，表“最大的沙漠”。
2. grow 解析：grow plants“种植植物”，固定搭配。
3. conditions 解析：living conditions“生活条件”，用复数。
4. reached 解析：一般过去时，reach“达到”温度。
5. important 解析：the most important“最重要的”，修饰交通工具。
6. it 解析：指代oil，作sell的宾语。
7. survive 解析：survive in the desert“在沙漠生存”。
8. importance 解析：the importance of“……的重要性”，用名词。
9. than 解析：more beautiful than“比……更美丽”。
10. natural 解析：natural world“自然界”，形容词修饰名词。
B篇
1. natural 解析：natural wonders“自然奇观”。
2. sand 解析：be made of sand“由沙子构成”。
3. types 解析：different types of“不同种类的”。
4. travelers 解析：lots of后接复数travelers“游客”。
5. Explorers 解析：句首大写，指“探险者们”。
6. beautiful 解析：beautiful landscape“美丽的风景”。
7. successfully 解析：副词successfully修饰protects。
8. beauty 解析：its beauty“它的美丽”，用名词。
9. alive 解析：keep...alive“保持……存在/鲜活”。
10. nature 解析：gifts from nature“大自然的礼物”。

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