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(共40张PPT)
夯基培优练(二)
Space Exploration
Unit 4
必 备 知 识 练
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. India has a national festival on 2 October to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s ________________ (independent) from Britain.
2. The g__________ on the surface of Mars is about one third as strong as it is on the Earth.　
3. Though body movements may mean different things in different cultures, a smile is _______________ (universe) accepted as a sign of happiness or being friendly.
independence
ravity
universally
4. They ______________ a date for the meeting, so that they could be ______________ to maintain their rights.(determine)
5. His heart gave a sudden l_______ when he saw her.
6. Knowing you work in the travel a_________, I am writing to you for some advice about my journey to England.
7. Although its origin may still be a puzzle, the moon can never be anything more than a s____________ of the Earth.
determined
determined
eap
gency
atellite
8. There was no danger of ________________ (transmit) the infection through operations.
9. Each human being has to die, but m__________ goes on world without end.
10. Dad seemed more ________________ than angry when he saw the _________________ result. (disappoint)
transmitting
ankind　
disappointed
disappointing
Ⅱ. 短语填空
on board　　　　　　 carry on with
focus on　 make progress
in the hope of look up at
well into the future the desire to do…
1. The children __________________ the drone light show, their eyes reflecting constella-tions dancing across the night sky.
2. It’s difficult to reconcile the demands of my job and ___________________ be a good father.
3. Climate scientists’ projections extend ____________________, mapping potential ecological shifts over the next three centuries.
4. Once you begin to do something, you must ________________ it.
looked up at
the desire to
well into the future
carry on with
5. When all the passengers were _____________, the train pulled out of the station.
6. He was studying _____________________ being admitted to an engineering college.
7. Without your help, we couldn’t have __________________ in English.
8. With his attention _______________ playing computer games, he didn’t notice his teacher standing beside him.
on board
in the hope of
made progress
focused on
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
1. ★launch vt.& n. 发射;发起;上市 launcher n. (火箭、导弹等的)发射装置;发射器
【归纳拓展】
launch into… 突然开始(演讲/行动)
launch a campaign 发起活动/运动
launch a product 推出产品
launch an attack 发起攻击
soft launch 试运营;小范围发布
rocket launch 火箭发射
launch date 发布日期
【即学即练】
(1)他话说到一半,突然开始长篇大论地批评政策。
He paused mid-sentence, then __________________ a lengthy critique of the policy.
(2)抗议者发起了反对环境污染的全国性运动。
Protesters _________________________________ environmental pollution.
launched into
launched a campaign against
(3)该团队明天将推出一款新产品。
The team will ___________________________ tomorrow.
(4)他们上周对新网站进行了试运营。
They ____________________________ the new website last week.
(5)敌军在黎明时分对这座城市发动了攻击。
The enemy forces ________________________ on the city at dawn.
launch a new product
did a soft launch of
launched an attack
(6)由于天气恶劣,火箭发射被推迟。
The __________________ was delayed due to bad weather conditions.
(7)该公司宣布了其新款智能手机的发布日期。
The company announced the ________________ for its new smartphone.
rocket launch
launch date
2. ★disappointed adj. 失望的;沮丧的;失意的 disappointment n. 失望;沮丧
【归纳拓展】
be disappointed at/by sth 对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望
to one’s disappointment 让某人失望的是
【即学即练】
(1)让他很失望的是,他又没有通过驾驶测试。
__________________________________, he failed again in the driving test.
(2)他们对比赛结果极其失望。
They were bitterly _____________________________________ of the game.
(3)我对自己感到非常失望。
I was ________________________________________.
To his great disappointment
disappointed at/by the result
very disappointed in/with myself　
3. ★desire n. 渴望;欲望 vt. 渴望;期望 desired adj. 想要的;渴望获得的;预期的 desirable adj. 想望的;可取的;值得拥有的;值得做的 undesirable adj. 不想要的;不得人心的;易惹麻烦的
【归纳拓展】
desire for… 对……的渴望
satisfy one’s desire for sth
满足某人对……的渴望
desire to do sth 渴望做某事
leave much to be desired
不尽如人意;令人不满意
desired outcome 预期结果
mutually desirable
双方都期望的;双方都满意的
undesirable consequences/effects
不良后果/影响
【即学即练】
(1)他对知识的渴望驱使他不断学习。
_______________________________ drives him to keep studying.
(2)这个方案的实际效果远未达到预期。
The actual results of the plan ____________________________.
(3)这家新餐厅提供多种美食,以满足每个人对美食的渴望。
The new restaurant offers a variety of dishes to _____________________________________ delicious food.
His desire for knowledge
left much to be desired
satisfy everyone’s desire for
(4)医生警告这种药物可能有不良影响。
The doctor warned of possible ________________________ of the medication.
(5)她渴望在职业生涯中取得突破。
She _______________________________________ in her career.
(6)经过几轮谈判,他们最终达成了一项双方都满意的协议。
After several rounds of negotiations, they finally reached _____________________________________.
undesirable effects
desires to achieve a breakthrough
a mutually desirable agreement
关 键 能 力 练
Ⅳ. 完形填空
Although Elizabeth Norman is eight, she is not usual in some way. This Leicester, UK child is 　1　 with space, especially anything 　2　 to the Moon, so NASA is taking one of her favourite objects to the Moon.
Elizabeth became very interested in space after watching the news report of NASA’s Perseverance Rover being sent to Mars. After that, she devoted (致力) herself to 　3　 about space and carried out a few science experiments. Elizabeth also set up her “Astro Liz” 　4　 channel in which she 　5　 . educational videos.
Elizabeth also made model rockets by herself. Later her model rockets gained the 　6　 of the rocket makers, so they
　7　 her. This is the rocket that will 　8　 the unmanned (无人驾驶的) Peregrine Lunar Lander along with other equipment to Mars. It will also include a time capsule (时空胶囊) and
　9　 .objects like a sticker of Astro Liz.
Elizabeth’s mum said, “None of us could believe she would have the chance to make her 　10　 on the Moon. For her to be
　11　 in such a historic moment is unbelievable. But we truly believe she will go to space one day.”
“My goals for the future are to walk on the Moon and to
　12　 the highest mountain on Mars. I also hope I can fly on the Vulcan Centaur one day by myself!” Elizabeth said.
Her mother believes that Elizabeth will 　13　 more and more other children with 　14　 in space to follow in her footsteps. She said, “The sky isn’t even the 　15　 for Elizabeth now, and she wants to develop different hobbies for more life possibilities.”
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了八岁女孩Elizabeth Norman对太空很感兴趣,全身心地投入到太空知识的学习中的故事。
(　 　)1. A. satisfied B. fascinated
C. patient D. anxious
【解析】 考查形容词。根据下文中的“Elizabeth became very interested in space”可知,Elizabeth对太空很感兴趣,因此她对太空非常着迷。
B
(　 　)2. A. familiar B. special
C. related D. close
【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格前的“space”及空格后“to the Moon”可知,她对太空非常着迷,尤其是和月球有关的东西。(be) related to意为“和……相关”,为固定短语。
C
(　 　)3. A. learning B. thinking
C. hearing D. arguing
【解析】 考查动词。根据上文中的“Elizabeth became very interested in space”及空格后的“carried out a few science experiments”可知,她对太空有了极大的兴趣后,应该是开始学习太空相关的知识和做实验。
A
(　 　)4. A. task-based B. children-targeted
C. culture-related D. science-themed
【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格前的“space and carried out a few science experiments”可知,此处指科学主题的频道。
D
(　 　)5. A. shares B. downloads
C. sells D. studies
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格前的“channel”及空格后的“educational videos”可知,此处指在该频道分享有教育意义的视频。
A
(　 　)6. A. comfort B. attention
C. control D. trust
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“Elizabeth also made model rockets by herself.”及空格后的“the rocket makers”可知,上文提到了Elizabeth自己制作火箭模型,下文提到了火箭制作者。由此可知,此处指Elizabeth的火箭模型引起了火箭制作者的注意。
B
(　 　)7. A. contacted B. reported
C. encouraged D. respected
【解析】 考查动词。根据上下文语境及常识可知,Elizabeth的火箭模型受到关注后,火箭制造者应该会联系她。
A
(　 　)8. A. drive B. test
C. carry D. fly
【解析】 考查动词。句意:这枚火箭将携带无人驾驶的“游隼”号月球着陆器以及其他设备前往火星。根据下文中的“to Mars”可知,此处指携带无人驾驶的“游隼”号月球着陆器以及其他设备到火星上。
C
(　 　)9. A. important B. private
C. funny D. useful
【解析】 考查形容词。根据空格后的“objects like a sticker of Astro Liz”可知,贴纸是一种私人物品。
B
(　 　)10. A. trip B. experiment
C. video D. mark
【解析】 考查名词。根据上文中的“so NASA is taking one of her favourite objects to the Moon”可知,美国宇航局把Elizabeth最喜欢的东西之一带到了月球上。由此可知,此处指她有机会在月球上留下自己的印记。
D
(　 　)11. A. mentioned B. invited
C. included D. interviewed
【解析】 考查动词。句意:她能参与到这样一个历史性的时刻是令人难以置信的。根据上文中的“she would have the chance to make her 　10　 on the Moon”可知,她参与了这个历史性的时刻。
C
(　 　)12. A. explore B. move
C. save D. discover
【解析】 考查动词。根据空格后的“the highest mountain on Mars”可知,此处指探索火星上最高的山峰。
A
(　 　)13. A. allow B. choose
C. inspire D. recommend
【解析】 考查动词。根据下文中的“to follow in her footsteps”可知,此处指Elizabeth会激励到其他更多的孩子跟随她的脚步。
C
(　 　)14. A. confidence B. interest
C. misunderstanding D. experience
【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“in space to follow in her footsteps”及上文语境可知,Elizabeth对太空感兴趣,此处指其他有着同样兴趣的孩子会跟随她的脚步。
B
(　 　)15. A. base B. idea
C. level D. limit
【解析】 考查名词。根据空格后的“she wants to develop different hobbies for more life possibilities”可知,Elizabeth还想培养不同的爱好,以获得更多的生活可能性。由此可知,此处指天空不是她的极限。
D(共40张PPT)
夯基培优练(三)
Space Exploration
Unit 4
必 备 知 识 练
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. Have you figured _______ how much the trip will cost
2. His work must have been completed; o____________, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself on the beach.
3. Though ___________ (lack) money, his parents managed to send him to a university.
4. We take all our bottles and newspapers ___________________ (recycle) to that old house.
out
therwise
lacking
to be recycled
5. There is a lot of rubbish ____________ (float) on the surface of the river.
6. Our country has _______________ (sufficient) of natural resources, which other countries are lacking in.
7. Apart ________ their small cottage in the countryside, they also have a big apartment in the city.
floating
sufficiency
from
8. Under normal conditions, the ocean ____________ (current) of the tropical Pacific travel from east to west.
9. Our success was far b_________ what we thought possible.
10. The poor man _____________ (signal) wildly for help, but no one noticed him.
currents
eyond
signalled
Ⅱ. 短语填空
keep…under control　　　 solar system
(be) filled with so as to
figure out be keen on
1. Tomorrow my father will go to Beijing ______________ see his old friend.
2. During the early stages of planetary evolution, they served to sweep the _________________.
so as to
solar system
3. The engineers worked tirelessly to ________ the wildfire __________________.
4. In front of us is the biggest room, ________________ things like guns, dolls and old clothes.
5. Detectives need to _______________ the motive (动机) behind the crime.
6. She is a sports fan, and ________________ swimming the same as me.
keep
under control
filled with
figure out
is keen on
Ⅲ. 语法突破——动词不定式作定语或状语
1. 动词不定式作定语:
(1)不定式与被修饰词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
Li Lei was the first student to get into the classroom this morning.
今天早晨李雷是第一个进教室的学生。
(2)不定式与被修饰词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Do you have homework to finish 你有作业要完成吗
Finally they found a comfortable room to live in.
最后他们找到了一个舒适的房间来居住。
(3)中心词是序数词、the last、the only、形容词最高级时,多用不定式作定语。
Who is the last one to leave
谁是最后一个离开的人
She is the only person to know the secret.
她是唯一知晓秘密的人。
2. 动词不定式作状语:
(1)不定式作目的状语时,其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。
They are saving money to travel around the world.
他们正在存钱,为了环游世界。(先存钱,后环游世界)
(2)不定式作原因状语时,往往跟在表示“高兴、愉快、生气” 等情感的形容词之后,说明产生这种情感的原因。
We were delighted to receive your donation.
我们很高兴收到您的捐助。
I’m sorry to have to trouble you.我很抱歉不得不麻烦你。
(3)不定式作结果状语时,常表示令人意外的结果,往往用于某些特定的结构中,如only to do、 enough…to do、 too…to do。
I went to the classroom, only to discover it empty.
我走到教室,结果发现教室是空的。
The box is too heavy for me to lift alone.
这个箱子太重了,我一个人搬不动。
【即学即练】
1. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _______________ (improve) water quality.
2. The company has several projects ______________ (complete) this year.
3. We hurried to the classroom only ____________ (find) none there.
to improve
to improve
to find
4. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train _____________ (catch).
5. In China, it’s a shame _____________ (speak) loudly in pubic places.
6. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely _____________ (bring) your work home.
7. Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can _____________ (fight) against national haze.
to catch
to speak
to bring
to fight
8. There are many problems __________________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the moon.
9. The play ____________________ (produce) next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
10. Wang Yaping is the first Chinese astronaut ____________ (give) lessons in space.
to be solved　
to be produced
to give
关 键 能 力 练
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Taylor Richardson has her eyes on the universe. Ever since a young age, she knew she loved space and made her goal to go to Mars someday. In order to start achieving her goal, she did some research and found out about Mars Generation.
The Mars Generation was created so that those who love space and Mars would have a way to meet people with similar interests. In the organisation, collaborative (合作的) energy and a supportive environment make sharing dreams exciting and easy. Now, Taylor is a student ambassador (大使) for the organisation and it is her job to tell people about the programme and its mission. She once advertised a programme called “Train like an Astronaut” and she hopes that her efforts will be able to excite young people and adults about space exploration.
Taylor’s biggest service mission involves increasing the literacy (读写能力) rate in America. When she was younger, she did not read well. However, because her mother was always supportive and helped Taylor by reading aloud to her and providing her with audio books, she eventually became a good reader. So, Taylor started a programme called “Take Flight with a Book”, which focuses on helping more children enjoy reading materials. Through her book drives, she has raised over 500 books. And now, she is on her third book drive and is collecting books to give to various organisations in Jacksonville.
Taylor lives by her belief in the possibility of change. She said, “We still live in a wonderful world where we can still make a change and do what’s right for all people.” In her own way, she is spreading positivity. By sharing her love for space and books, she is guiding other kids and becoming an inspiration to all.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Taylor Richardson希望有朝一日能够踏上火星,为了实现这个目标,她成为“火星一代”的大使,并且鼓励更多的人去探索太空的故事。
(　 　)1. What does the programme “Train like an Astronaut” do 　
A. It takes people to explore space.
B. It trains students to be astronauts.
C. It employs more student ambassadors.
D. It encourages people to discover more about space.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“…she hopes that her efforts will be able to excite young people and adults about space exploration”可知,该组织鼓励人们更多地去探索太空。
D
(　 　)2. How does Taylor encourage more children to read
A. By offering audio books to kids.
B. By creating a practical programme.
C. By asking mothers to read aloud to kids.
D. By visiting various organisations in Jacksonville.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So, Taylor started a programme called ‘Take Flight with a Book’…”可知,Taylor是通过创设一个项目来鼓励更多的孩子阅读。
B
(　 　)3. What may Taylor do in the future
A. Live in a wonderful world.
B. Help others make a change.
C. Figure out what is right in life.
D. Publish more books on space.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Taylor lives by her belief in the possibility of change.”及“We still live in a wonderful world where we can still make a change and do what’s right for all people.”可知,Taylor将继续帮助更多的人努力奋斗,从而改变这个世界。
B
And Then There Were Nine
The past two decades have seen astronomers’ catalogue of planets expand over two hundred times, as new techniques and better telescopes have found more than 2,000 of them orbiting stars other than the sun. But in the solar system itself, the list of planets has actually shrunk, Pluto (冥王星) having been downgraded from that status in 2006. The number of the sun’s planetary companions has thus fallen from nine to eight.　
Now, a pair of astronomers from the California Institute of Technology think they have evidence that will restore the sun’s record to its previous value. Their analysis of objects orbiting in the Kuiper Belt (柯伊伯带), a ring of frozen asteroids (小行星) that circle beyond the orbit of Neptune (and of which Pluto is now regarded as the largest member), suggests to them that something about ten times as massive as Earth has changed those orbits. If you knew where to look, this planet-sized object would be visible through a suitable telescope. And Konstanin Batygin and Michael Brown believe they do know.
As they write in the Astronomical Journal, they have analysed the orbits of Kuiper Belt objects and found six that behave in a peculiar way. As the diagram shows, the points of closest approach of these objects to the sun, known as their perihelia (近日点), almost coincide. Moreover, these perihelia all lie near the ecliptic (黄道)—the plane of Earth’s orbit and also,
approximately, that of the other planets—while the objects’ orbits are all angled at 30° below the ecliptic. The chance of all this being a coincidence, the two researchers estimate, is about seven in 100,000. If it is not a coincidence, it suggests the six objects have been guided into their orbits by the gravitational intervention of something much larger.
A computer analysis Dr Batygin and Dr Brown performed suggests this something is a planet weighing 5—15 times as much as Earth, whose perihelion is on the opposite side of the sun from the cluster, and which thus orbits mainly on the other side of the solar system from the objects its orbit has affected. This planet’s perihelion would be 200 times farther from the sun than Earth’s, and the far end of its orbit might be as much as six times that distance away. This gives a search zone, and Dr Batygin and Dr Brown are using Subaru, a Japanese telescope, to perform that search.
Given other demands on Subaru’s time, it might take five years for this search to find (or not find) the hypothetical planet. But looking at some existing data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explore, a satellite, might also show it, if it is there to be seen.
Ironically, it was Dr Brown as much as anyone who was responsible for Pluto’s downgrading, for he discovered Eris, an object almost as big as Pluto, in 2005.
That discovery did much to damage Pluto’s planetary proof. By his own admission, he was skeptical that the anomalies he and Dr Batygin have investigated actually would point to the existence of a replacement ninth planet. He is a skeptic no longer. Whether he is actually right may soon become apparent.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了两位天文学家通过研究发现,太阳系可能存在第九颗行星。
(　 　)4. According to Dr Batygin and Dr Brown’s research, it is quite possible that ___________.
A. Pluto will restore its status as a planet of the solar system
B. the six objects in the Kuiper Belt sharing some similarities is
a mere coincidence
C. there are nine planets in the solar system
D. Eris is a replacement ninth planet of the solar system
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的 “The number of the sun’s planetary companions has thus fallen from nine to eight.”及第二段中的“Now, a pair of astronomers from the California Institute of Technology think they have evidence that will restore the sun’s record to its previous value.”可知,太阳系的行星从九颗变成了八颗。现在,这两位天文学家通过研究发现他们有证据表明太阳系的行星将会恢复原来的记录,即九颗。
(　 　)5. Which of the following is NOT true about the hypothetical planet
A. It may have changed the orbits of six objects in the Kuiper
Belt.
B. You can see it through a domestic telescope if you know
where to look.
C. Compared to Earth, the distance from its perihelion to the
sun is about 200 times larger.
D. A satellite may be able to provide some evidence of its
existence.
B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “If you knew where to look, this planet-sized object would be visible through a suitable telescope.” 可知,这是专业的天文学观察,要用专门的天文望远镜才能看到这个行星大小的物体,家用望远镜是看不到的。
(　 　)6. The purpose of the Paragraph 3 is to _________.
A. explain why the scientists believe there is an unfound planet
B. show how the scientists analyse the orbits of Kuiper Belt
objects
C. tell us that the perihelia of the six objects almost coincide
D. introduce the two scientists’ article in the Astronomical
Journal
A
【解析】 理解目的题。根据第三段中的“If it is not a coincidence, it suggests the six objects have been guided into their orbits by the gravitational intervention of something much larger.”并结合本段内容可知,第三段讲述了科学家们的发现和他们的分析过程。根据他们的推理,第九颗太阳系行星存在的可能性极大,作者写第三段的目的是解释科学家们为何认为存在一颗尚未发现的行星。
(　 　)7. What does the underlined word “_________” stand for
A. Six objects behaving in a peculiar way.
B. Pluto’s downgrading.
C. The discovery of Eris.
D. Some existing data.
A
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的 “…they have analysed the orbits of Kuiper Belt objects and found six that behave in a peculiar way” 可知,他们分析了柯伊伯带天体的轨道,发现了六颗以一种奇特的方式运行的天体;再根据画线词后面的“he and Dr Batygin have investigated actually would point to the existence of a replacement ninth planet”可知,这些异常现象即以奇特方式运行的六颗天体,能够证明存在一颗新的第九大行星,anomalies意为“异常现象”。(共34张PPT)
夯基培优练(一)
Space Exploration
Unit 4
必 备 知 识 练
Ⅰ. 语境检测
1. As soon as the students of geology arrived on the island, they were eager _______________(explore).
2. The reason why he was late for school was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese a____________ on TV.
3. Furthermore, punishment is by no means a wise choice to help them grow up ____________ (mental) and physically.
to explore
stronaut
mentally
4. Police insist that Michael did not follow the correct p____________ in applying for a visa.
5. Jack equals his brother in strength but not in ______________ (intelligent). He is a little slower in thinking.
6. Working hard is not a guarantee of great success, but it is among the essential r_______________.
7. I’m glad to say that he’s already finished no less ________ 50% of the book these days.
rocedure
intelligence
equirements　
than
8. The matter related ______ your fate cannot be taken for granted.
9. The medical team ________________ (send) to the flood-stricken areas will start off next month.
10. ___________ (found) in 1636, Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
to
to be sent
Founded
Ⅱ. 短语填空
be curious about　　 make a list of
base on physical training
space flight education background
1. Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of _________________ could not have been solved.
2. Jim records his _____________________ every time so that he can refer to it and think about how he should improve it the next day.
space flight
physical training
3. Let’s _____________________ possible speakers, in order of preference.
4. Of those who are married, in more than 80 percent of cases, the wives’ _________________________ is equal or higher than that of their husbands.
5. There are a great number of words in the English language _____________ colours.
6. _________________________ what was in the box, the little boy opened it without his father’s permission.
make a list of
education background
based on
Being curious about
Ⅲ. 核心词汇
★mental adj. 精神的;思想的;思考的;智力的 mentality n. 心态;思想状况;思想方法 mentally adv. 精神上;智力上;思想上
【归纳拓展】
make a mental note of/to do sth
在脑子里记下……;默记……
go mental 突然极为生气;发疯
mental health 心理健康
mental strength 精神力量
mental disorder 精神障碍
mental fatigue 精神疲劳
change the mentality 改变思维方式
【即学即练】
1. 长期压力可能对心理健康造成严重影响。
Long-term stress can severely affect __________________.
2. 他通过冥想提升了自己的精神力量。
He improved his ____________________ through meditation.
3. 当他看到孩子们在客厅里制造的混乱时,他气得发疯了。
When he saw the mess his kids had made in the living room, he ________________.
mental health
mental strength
went mental　
4. 长时间学习可能会导致精神疲劳。
Long hours of study may cause ___________________.
5. 我默记着回家路上要买牛奶。
I _____________________________ buy milk on the way home.
6. 我们需要改变“成功等于财富”的思维方式。
We need to __________________________ that success equals wealth.
mental fatigue
made a mental note to　
change the mentality
关 键 能 力 练
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Four Must-See Night Sky Events in 2025
In the upcoming year, stargazers can anticipate a range of heavenly wonders to get excited for.
Saturn and Venus Conjunction
On 18 January, two neighbouring worlds of Venus and Saturn will appear less than half a degree apart in the sky, about 30—45 minutes after sunset. Venus, the brighter, will shine a brilliant red, with Saturn next to it appearing more golden. Though you will be able to see both with the naked eye, binoculars will enhance the view.
Lunar Eclipse (月食) and Blood Moon
During a lunar eclipse, one in 2022 seen in Portugal, light casts a burning glow on the moon’s surface in the early morning hours of 14 March, lasting from 2:26 a.m. to 3:31 a.m. Stargazers can get a great view of the “blood moon” across the Americas, weather permitting.
Partial Solar Eclipse (日偏食)
The sky shifting from deep blue at the top, to burning reds on the horizon, the solar eclipse coming 29 March 2025, will have the sun appear as a new moon. Visible across large parts of North America, Europe, and Asia, the event begins at 4:50 a.m. At 6:47 a.m., the largest part of the sun will be shaded by the moon.
Moon and Mercury Meet Up
Mercury is tricky to spot because of its closeness to the sun. On 26 June, the planet will be easier to glimpse as it appears next to our moon around 20—30 minutes before the twilight fades. Mercury will shine as a faint red of light to the naked eye.
语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年发生的四个必看夜空事件,详细描述了每个事件的时间、地点、可见区域以及观测建议,旨在向天文爱好者提供有关即将发生的天文现象的信息。
(　 　)1. Which event takes the longest time
A. Saturn and Venus joint.
B. Lunar eclipse and blood moon.
C. Partial solar eclipse.
D. Moon and Mercury meet up.
C
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Saturn and Venus Conjunction部分中的“On 18 January, two neighbouring worlds of Venus and Saturn…about 30—45 minutes after sunset.”;Lunar Eclipse (月食) and Blood Moon部分中的“During a lunar eclipse, one in 2022 seen in Portugal…lasting from 2:26 a.m. to 3:31 a.m.”;Partial Solar Eclipse (日偏食)部分中的“…the event begins at 4:50 a.m. At 6:47 a.m., the largest part of the sun will be shaded by the moon.”及Moon and Mercury Meet Up部分中的“On 26 June, the planet…around 20—30 minutes before the twilight fades.”可知,持续时间最长的事件是日偏食。
(　 　)2. Which country best suits blood moon observation
A. China. B. Canada.
C. Russia. D. Portugal.
【解析】 细节理解题。根据Lunar Eclipse (月食) and Blood Moon部分中的“Stargazers can get a great view of the ‘blood moon’ across the Americas, weather permitting.”可知,在天气允许的情况下,美洲各地的天文爱好者都可以很好地观赏到“血月”,加拿大属于美洲国家。由此可知,加拿大是最适合观测“血月”的国家。
B
(　 　)3. What do the four events have in common
A. They can be viewed with naked eyes.
B. They fall in the same month.
C. They all emerge for the first time.
D. They have red lights involved.
A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据Saturn and Venus Conjunction部分中的“Though you will be able to see both with the naked eye, binoculars will enhance the view.”;Lunar Eclipse (月食) and Blood Moon部分中的“Stargazers can get a great view of the ‘blood moon’ across the Americas, weather permitting.”;Partial Solar Eclipse (日偏食)部分中的“Visible caross large parts of North America…”及Moon and Mercury Meet Up部分中的“Mercury will shine as a faint red of light to the naked eye.”可知,这四个事件的共同之处是都可以用肉眼观测。
B
What are your retirement plans Keep working Get more exercise Or learn something new You may put them on hold. There’s a chance that, sooner or later, you might have to move further than you were thinking, as far as Mars.
On Thursday,National Geographic will show the first-ever Mars show home, giving earthlings (地球人) an idea of what their life could look like on the Red Planet. In the not-so-distant year of 2037, the igloo-shaped structure could be the home of your future.
It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks. Some parts of the home are recognisable—a kitchen, a bedroom—but there are fundamental differences that are important to human survival.
As the Martian atmosphere is around one hundredth as thick as the Earth’s, people will need permanent shelter from the sun; society will move largely indoors. Most buildings will be connected by underground passages and the houses won’t have windows. The homes will have simulated solar lighting, or natural light that has been bent several times.
Walls will need to be 10 to 12 feet thick, to protect people from dangerous rays (光线) that can pass through six feet of steel, and a double air-locked entrance to keep the home under proper pressure.
“We don’t think of our houses as things that keep us alive, but on Mars your house will be a survival centre,” says Stephen Petranek, author of How We’ll Live on Mars. This is not just the stuff of sci-fi. “10 to 20 years from now there will certainly be people on Mars,” Petranek says.
“We’ve had the technology for 30 years to land people on Mars, but we haven’t had the will,” Petranek says. But two main factors have “completely swung public attitudes”.
The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game, and influential films such as Gravity and The Martian have caught society’s eye.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来人们在火星上生活的情况。
(　 　)4. What do the underlined words “put them on hold” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Put them off.
B. Give them away.
C. Carry them through.
D. Take them seriously.
A
【解析】 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“Keep working Get more exercise Or learn something new ”可知,这是一些退休后的具体打算;再根据画线词后面的“…you might have to move further than you were thinking…”可知,移居到火星这件事要放在想这些事之前。由此可知,put them on hold意为“推迟这些打算”,与put them off意思相近。
(　 　)5. What can we know about the show home from the text
A. It has no windows or doors due to security concern.
B. Its design presents the idea of environmental protection.
C. It has thick walls keeping the home under proper pressure.
D. Its underground passages connect all the buildings together.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It shows a house built using recycled spacecraft parts and Martian soil, called regolith, which has been microwaved into bricks.”可知,房屋的建造使用的材料都是回收的或取自火星本身,体现了环保理念。
B
(　 　)6. According to Petranek, what has sped up the process of sending people to Mars
A. The great influence of the Mars show home.
B. The development of related technology.
C. The competition from private companies.
D. The popularity of influential books on Mars.
C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The private companies’ participation has forced government agencies to speed up their game…”可知,私营公司的参与迫使政府机构加快步伐。
(　 　)7. What is the best title for the text
A. Living on Mars: Possible or Not
B. Sending People to Mars: Yes or No
C. First-ever Show Home: How Is It Made
D. Future Home on Mars: What Will It Be Like
【解析】 标题归纳题。通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了未来人们在火星上居住的情况。因此选项D“火星上的未来家园:它会是什么样子 ”适合作为本文标题。
D(共38张PPT)
夯基培优练(四)
Space Exploration
Unit 4
关 键 能 力 练
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us. Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships travelling through space, on the chance that someone may be receptive (乐于接受的) to such messages.
Scientists are using powerful radio telescope to listen to signals from about 1,000 stars, all within 100 light years of Earth. In addition, they will scan the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer, they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise.
Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy (银河星系), scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like Earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution of life. Based on the inhabitable (that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy, most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.
However, many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that twenty years of searching without any intelligible (可理解的) messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.
Other scientists believe that our search hasn’t been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is only about five billion years old, our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time, some scientists think it is likely that other civilisations are much more advanced than ours. Perhaps these civilisations send us no signals; perhaps we have not recognised the signals they have sent us. If we hope to find intelligent life, these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了二十多年来科学家们用了各种各样的方法一直在寻找其他星球上生命的迹象这件事情。
(　 　)1. The Paragraph 1 in this passage is mainly about ________.
A. where scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
B. why scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
C. how scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
D. when scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets
【解析】 段落大意题。通读第一段内容可知,本段讲述了科学家为获取其他星球上的生命信号所用的各种方法。
C
(　 　)2. According to the passage, how many planets in our galaxy might human beings live
A. 5 billion. B. 10 billion.
C. 15 billion. D. 200 billion.
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Of the 200 billion stars…scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like Earth…”可知,在银河系中有(200×5%×50%)50亿行星可能适合人类居住。
A
(　 　)3. Which of the statements is TRUE based on the information in the passage
A. Earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy.
B. Most scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other
planets.
C. Scientists don’t believe that there might be life on other
planets.
D. Scientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on
other planets.
D
【解析】 推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文介绍了科学家们用各种不同的方式在其他星球上寻找生命的迹象。
Ⅱ. 阅读七选五
Going to outer space is a little like going camping. You have to carry with you all the food and equipment you need for your trip, so your food can’t be too heavy or hard to prepare. 　1　. Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn’t spoil. So, many space foods are dried on Earth and stored in special packets.
On Earth, gravity is the force that keeps your feet on the ground and your sandwich on your plate. 　2　 To keep food from floating away, astronauts on the space shuttle attach the packets to a special tray. The tray can be fixed to a wall or to the astronaut’s lap. To prepare their food, astronauts use liquid forms of salt and pepper. The liquid sticks to the food better. Regular salt and pepper would float away, maybe up an astronaut’s nose. Achoo!
　3　 So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed. Astronauts say that most space foods taste pretty good.
Some, such as apples and pudding are the same as the foods you eat on Earth. Astronauts eat tortillas (玉米粉圆饼) instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑). 　4　
Your body uses food in space the same way it does on Earth.
　5　 During takeoff and landing, astronauts can’t leave their seats to go to the bathroom. They wear diapers (尿布) under their spacesuits instead. The space shuttle has a bathroom the size of a small closet. The toilet has bars that keep astronauts from floating away. A strong flow of air is used instead of water to flush waste down the toilet. Back on Earth it’s flushed away—or sometimes studied by scientists.
A. But there’s no gravity in space.
B. Liquids float right out of cups and glasses.
C. Crumbs can not be dealt with in outer space.
D. Your body must get rid of waste in space too.
E. Besides, there are no refrigerators to keep food cold and fresh.
F. In addition, everything seems to be different in outer space.
G. With them floating, they could get stuck in equipment or astronauts’ eyes.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了航天员在太空进行日常活动的情况。
1. E　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“so your food can’t be too heavy or hard to prepare”及下文中的“Food with all the water dried out is lightweight and doesn’t spoil.”可知,空格处会提到太空中食物需要干燥的原因,选项E“此外,没有冰箱来冷藏食物,以使其保持新鲜”承上启下,选项中的“Besides”表明和上文之间的关系是递进的,进一步说明太空食物要干燥的原因。
2. A　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到我们在地球上的生活受重力的影响,空格后提到在太空的生活不受重力的影响,空格处会提到太空的情况和地球是相反的,选项A“但是太空中没有重力”表明太空和地球情况相反,符合语境。
3. B　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据下文中的“So astronauts drink everything from a small bag with a straw (吸管) that can be closed.”可知,空格处会提到航天员在太空喝的东西必须是密封的原因,选项B“液体会直接从杯子和玻璃杯中溢出”符合语境。
4. G　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。根据上文中的“Astronauts eat tortillas (玉米粉圆饼) instead of bread because they make fewer crumbs (碎屑).”可知,空格处会提到碎屑的危害,选项G“由于它们漂浮着,可能会卡在设备或航天员的眼睛里”符合语境。
5. D　【解析】 考查学生对上下文的理解。空格前提到在太空吃食物的方式与地球上是一样的,空格后提到在太空上厕所和在地球上是不一样的,空格处会提到航天员在太空也必须上厕所的问题,选项D“你的身体在太空中也必须排出废物”承上启下。
Ⅲ. 书面表达
解决问题类说明文
文体感知
导读:解决问题类说明文,旨在针对某一问题,提出具体的解决方法,并对其进行适当论述,给读者提供相关知识,使其能够掌握解决问题的方法。
结构:
第一部分:提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性。
第二部分:列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的办法。
第三部分:针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价,也可提出个人建议或选择,并阐述理由。
【素材】
假定你是李华,你对探月很感兴趣,请你用英语写一篇短文,内容包括:
1. 设想如何在假期到月球旅行;
2. 重点说明如何克服吃饭和喝水的问题。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【审题谋篇】
体裁
话题
时态
人称
说明文
星际旅行
多种时态混合使用
第一人称
【词汇】
1. 重力 _____________
2. 漂浮 ___________
3. 阻止……做…… _________________________________
4. 解决 ___________
5. 尝试 _______________________
gravity
float
prevent/stop/keep…from…
solve
try/have a try
【句式】
亮点句式
常用的开头语:
☆ One of the biggest problems facing the world today is global warming.
☆ As we all know, the global water shortage is becoming increasingly severe due to global warming.
☆ There is no doubt that Earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.
☆ In order to avoid traffic jams, I strongly suggest some effective measures be taken.
主体部分常用表达:
☆ In the first place, I would also recommend a balanced diet.
☆ We should work together to fight against pollution and make our environment safer and more comfortable to live in.
☆ There is no denying the fact that it is a serious problem; the government should take strong measures to deal with it.
☆ The most important thing is that people should be made aware of the importance of environ-mental protection.
常用的结束语:
☆ If we are more environmentally friendly, Earth’s temperature may not rise too much.
☆ As far as I’m concerned, it’s everyone’s duty to protect the environment.
☆ It’s high time that we did something about it.
1. 完成句子
(1)如果我去月球旅行,就会有一个棘手的问题在等着我。
If I took a trip to the moon, _______________________________ waiting for me.
(2)我可能要面对一个大问题。
I might __________________________________ a big problem.
(3)在地球上,我们吃、喝都是简单且毫不费力的事情。
On Earth, _____________________________________________ ________________________.
there would be a tricky problem
find myself confronted with
enjoying a meal and having a drink are simple and effortless tasks for us
(4)在月球上,重力很弱,几乎感受不到它的存在。
Up on the moon, ________________________________________ ________________.
(5)食物的碎屑会朝各个方向随意漂浮。
The food pieces will ___________________________________.
(6)通过采用这种方法,问题肯定能够得到解决。
By adopting this method,the problem could _______________.
the gravity is so faint that it feels almost non-existent
go floating randomly in every direction
surely be resolved
2. 句式升级
(1)用定语从句连接第1小题中的句(1)和句(2)。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(2)用so…that…连接第1小题中的句(4)和句(5)。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
If I took a trip to the moon, there would be a tricky problem that I might find myself confronted with.　
On the moon, the gravity is so faint that the food pieces will go floating randomly in every direction.　
(3)用“only+介词短语”置于句首的句型改写第1小题中的句(6)。
____________________________________________________________________
Only by adopting this method could the problem surely be resolved.　
【妙笔成篇】
If I took a trip to the moon, there would be a tricky problem that I might find myself confronted with—how could I enjoy my meals and stay hydrated on the moon
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Earth, enjoying a meal and having a drink are simple and effortless tasks for us. But on the moon, the gravity is so faint that the food pieces will go floating randomly in every direction. To crack this nut, I’d pack my food in special sealed tubes with narrow openings. This way, I can squeeze the food out bit by bit, and using a tightly-fitting straw, I can make sure no tiny crumb floats away while I’m eating. I believe, only by adopting this method could the problem surely be resolved.
You know what I can’t wait to have a go at it someday!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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