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2025 学年第二学期高中英语练习卷
Grammar and vocabulary Section A (10 分)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Risky Inoculation (预防接种) that Changed Russia
Catherine the Great set out to define Russia as an extremely important power in Europe. Her rule remained stable (1) the year of 1768, when something began to threaten her people and her position – an ancient disease named smallpox.
By the 18th century, smallpox (2) (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. There was absolutely (3) that could be done. People tried keeping patients hot (4) (sweat) the disease out or even bleeding them, neither of which did any good.
Since the 16th century, there had been inoculation (5) (practise) widely in China, the Middle East and Turkey. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. A tiny drop of pus (脓液) from the spots of someone with the disease (6) (collect). Then the live virus was put into a cut on the arm of the healthy person.
In 1767, a British doctor named Dinsdale published an instruction manual and introduced his way to inoculate safely. And that’s (7) he came to the attention of Catherine the Great. In the 1760s, inoculation wasn’t a common practice in Russia, a land (8) there was “enormous distrust” against it. Catherine made the brave decision to experiment with treatment first. She put her faith in science and her life in the hands of Dinsdale, (9) (call) for him in 1768 to treat her and her family.
Catherine’s inoculation went so well that her experience encouraged her people to get inoculated, too. Indeed, her first experiment demonstrated great resolution and firmness of her mind. To her people, she projected an image of herself (10) a caring ruler. She was remembered for advancing public health in Russia and saving millions of lives.
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第
1
页
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共
12
页
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Section B (10 分)
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(
A.
openness
G.
fixed
B.
translating
C.
ancient
H.
suggest
I.
balance
D.
reduced
J.
emotionally
E.
dramatic
K.
copying
F.
personally
)
Listening to the Elements
In the world of contemporary classical music, few composers have explored cultural dialogue as quietly and persistently as Qigang Chen. Born in Shanghai and trained in France, Chen has spent decades
11 Chinese philosophical ideas into a musical language of Western traditions. One of his most widely performed works, Wu Xing (The Five Elements), offers a marvellous example of how 12 wisdom can be reinterpreted for modern audience.
Completed in the late 1990s, Wu Xing is a five-movement orchestral piece (管弦乐曲) inspired by
the traditional Chinese concept that views the universe as a dynamic 13 of five forces: metal, wood, water, fire and earth. Instead of treating these elements as 14 symbols, Chen presents them as part of a continuous cycle in which each generates the next. This idea of movement and transformation lies at the heart of the composition.
The work opens not with a(n) 15 statement but with reserve. Slight changes in texture and colour suggest the flow of water, while later movements introduce sharper rhythms and brighter sounds to indicate fire and metal. Chen avoids directly 16 traditional Chinese music. For him, tradition is not something to be directly displayed but something to be absorbed and reshaped. He uses the full resources of a Western orchestra to 17 qualities such as weight, flow and tension. In doing so, he invites listeners to experience the philosophy 18 rather than intellectually.
At a time when global culture is often 19 to easy labels, Chen’s work offers a quieter
alternative. Wu Xing does not explain the five elements; it listens to them. It implies that cultural exchange in music does not depend on grand display, but on patience, discipline and a(n) 20 to transformation. And in that silence between sounds, something new is born.
Reading Comprehension (45 分) Section A (15 分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and
D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
To visitors, the Italian city of Venice displays a splendid picture of historic buildings, waterways, bell towers, and red roofs. Yet the city also features a mighty (威猛的) winged lion, the 21 of what was once called the Venetian Republic (697–1797). Lions of various sizes and materials were carved into
structures throughout its streets and squares. Among them, perhaps the 22 version is a bronze
statue standing atop a column near St. Mark’s Square. Now, new evidence suggests that this famous statue may have originated not in Europe, but in China.
Using chemical analysis on samples taken from the sculpture, a team from the University of Padua
23 the metal used in the statue to the Yangtze River region in China. Their findings 24
long-held assumptions about the statue’s origins. For centuries, experts had believed it was crafted either
in Italy or the Middle East – yet its stylish uniqueness remained an enduring discovery may finally help solve that mystery.
25 . The new
Though installed in St. Mark’s Square during the 13th century, the lion shows a surprising 26 to artwork produced in China during the Tang Dynasty, rather than that found in medieval ( 中世纪的) Mediterranean Europe. The researchers point to specific features – the shape of its nose, as well as scars
( 疤 痕 ) indicating the
27 of earlier horns – as convincing evidence. Further
28 the
complexity, the column on which the lion stands is of Middle East origin. And records show the statue has undergone multiple repairs, the earliest dating back to 1293.
“It is possible that Marco Polo’s father and uncle, during their four-year stay in China, played a key role in 29 the sculpture,” the researchers note. If so, the object they brought back was 30 a zhènmùshòu – a fierce lion-like grave guardian from the Tang Dynasty. Once transported to Italy, the statue was likely “carefully and laboriously reshaped” to 31 the image of the winged lion of St. Mark, they add. The 32 include removing its original horns and adding a stone “wig” – a piece of headwear that signifies power and authority.
33 , written records are absent, leaving the exact circumstances of its journey open to
interpretation. “Though the installation of the lion was intended to project a(n) 34 political
message, we may now also view it as a gentle reminder of the connectedness of the medieval world,” the researchers conclude. Ultimately, the lion is a quiet witness to the hidden 35 that once wove the world together.
21. A. territory B. title C. symbol D. status
22. A. worst-affected B. least-visited C. most-needed D. best-known
23. A. owed B. traced C. dated D. applied
24. A. confirm B. overlook C. challenge D. revise
25. A. puzzle B. ritual C. appeal D. beauty
26. A. comparison B. contrast C. dedication D. similarity
27. A. function B. removal C. renewal D. destruction
28. A. breaking down B. putting aside C. adding to D. taking away
29. A. acquiring B. ruining C. studying D. designing
30. A. eventually B. originally C. controversially D. rarely
31. A. present B. protect C. post D. print
32. A. innovations B. interventions C. decorations D. modifications
33. A. Additionally B. Consequently C. Unfortunately D. Accordingly
34. A. vague B. powerful C. urgent D. dangerous
35. A. treasures B. figures C. threads D. patterns
Section B (22 分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
（A）
An Australian 13-year-old boy swam 4 km to shore and then ran another 2 km to get help for his family, who were stranded at sea. Austin Appelbee was called “superhuman” for what he did. Experts say his extraordinary effort went beyond what people typically consider possible.
Austin and his family were on holiday when suddenly strong winds blew their boards away from the shore. His mother, Joanne, told him to swim to land for help. She knew he was the strongest swimmer and that he could do it.
Austin first tried to paddle a kayak (皮划艇), but it took on too much water in the bad weather, so he
had to abandon it. About two hours later, he took off his life jacket. “I was depleted, but I could hardly feel the tiredness,” he said. “I just kept on swimming – doing breaststroke, freestyle, and even survival backstroke.” After swimming 4 km to shore in the fading light, the teenager ran another 2 km to his family’s hotel. At about 6 p.m., he used his mother’s phone to call for help. “I told them, ‘I need helicopters. I need planes. I need boats. My family’s out at sea.’ I was very calm about it. I think it was just a lot of shock,” he recalled. Right after the call, he fainted from exhaustion and was taken to hospital. His family were later found floating about 14 km offshore and rescued.
Dangerous moments can help people go beyond their limits, and the body releases stress hormones to assist with short-duration activity. But for a swim lasting hours, survival backstroke – a swimming style aimed at conserving energy in saltwater – was crucial. Austin started swimming lessons at age four. He previously found it “quite tiring” to swim just 350 meters without a break. However, this time he made it and proved to be a true hero.
Why did Austin set out for help by himself
His family were trapped far from the shore.
The kayak his family used was sinking fast.
A strong storm separated him from his parents.
He tried to prove he was the strongest swimmer.
The underlined word “depleted” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A. cheered up B. blown away C. calmed down D. burned out
According to the last paragraph, what enabled Austin to accomplish this long-duration swim
Stress hormones released in dangerous situations.
Survival backstroke conserving energy in saltwater.
The encouragement he received from the rescue team.
The swimming training he had received over the years.
Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
A 13-year-old Boy’s Heroic Rescue B. The Science behind Human Limits
C. A Family’s Unexpected Adventure D. The Value of Swimming Training
(B)
Reading a receipt involves identifying the contact information for the business, locating the date and time, reviewing the itemized list of products with prices, and checking the subtotal, taxes, and final total at the bottom. Important details also include payment method (cash/card) and the unique reference number.
Fresh Grocery Store 6 Main Street Cash 2 – 2025/5/23 The contact information for the business
The date of the purchase
Fruits/Vegetables Onions …………………. …………………... 1.30 Bakery Bread …………………... …………………... 2.59 Refrigerated Products Butter ………………….. …………………... 4.99 Meat Whole roasted chicken 12.54 Grocery Canned crushed tomatoes ………………… 2.49 Rice 1.4 kg …………….. ………………… 6.99 Chocolate bar 110g ……. ………………… 1.99 Paper towels 2 units …… ………………… 1.49 Beauty and Health Hand soap ……………... ………………… 2.79 Subtotal ………………... ………………… 37.17 Tax ……………………... ………………… 2.30 Total …………………… ………………… 39.47 Cash …………………… ………………… 40.00 Change ………………… ………………… 0.53 Thank you for your trust and see you next time! ** Client Copy ** Keep this copy for your records The list of what you bought
The amount of the purchases
The total amount of taxes*
The total amount to pay
The payment method used Cash Card
Returns are allowed with the original sales receipt Any item may be returned for an exchange or refund within 14 days of purchase, provided it is in its original packaging. After this period, only exchanges are accepted. Some exceptions apply. See the details in-store. Return policies
* Taxes are one of the primary sources of income for governments. The money is used to fund all government spending, including public services such as health care, education and transportation. Why tax customers and businesses
It can be learned from the receipt that .
the tax was already included in the subtotal
the butter may need to be stored in a fridge
the store sells cooked food products exclusively
the customer handed over the exact amount of cash
If the customer decided to return the hand soap on June 15, 2025, he .
could expect a full refund from the store
would be asked to provide proof of payment
should remember to repackage the product
would not be allowed to make an exchange
What is the main purpose of the article
To advertise the products in the store.
To instruct staff on customer service.
To highlight the store’s taxing policy.
To teach people how to read a receipt.
(C)
In French culture, seven is known as l’ ge de raison – the age at which children can tell right from wrong and assume some moral responsibility. Yet France’s national rail operator appears to disagree. They believe that children must be at least 12 to behave appropriately on a train.
Earlier this month, SNCF, the state-owned railway company, launched its new Optimum Plus tariff ( 费用) on weekday rail services between Paris and Lyon, offering larger seats, better food and no under-12s. Designed to attract business travellers, the move aroused criticism and a wider debate about the place of children in society, particularly at a time of declining birthrates. “We can’t say we’re not having enough children and at the same time try to exclude them from everywhere,” argued Sarah El Ha ry, a French official.
Those who have endured long journeys with noisy children may understand the appeal of child-free spaces. But the reaction reflects a strong cultural objection. France traditionally grants children autonomy and responsibility, prioritising their integration into wider society. Children are expected to take part in everyday rituals, from elaborate school lunches to polite greetings. The underlying logic is simple: treating children as valued, responsible members of society helps them become respectful adults. Excluding them from public spaces weakens that lesson.
The “no kids” rule therefore struck a nerve. SNCF, closely tied to French identity and summer holidays, is generally family-friendly. For example, activity packs are distributed to young travellers, and summer trains often carry groups of children heading to camps. After the social media storm, SNCF stressed that the new tariff applies to only 8% of weekday seats on one route and later removed references to a minimum age. Yet debate continues.
Critics argue that a society unwilling to tolerate children is troubling. The controversy also connects with demographic (人口的) anxiety. Although France still has one of the highest birth rates in the EU, births have fallen sharply, with 24% fewer babies born last year than in 2010. The French government has called for expanding paid parental leave and maintaining extensive family support. Still, concerns about living costs and the climate crisis weigh heavily on decisions about parenthood.
SNCF’s policy may affect only a small number of seats, but the reaction matters. Keeping children welcome in public spaces will not reverse falling birth rates. Treating them as troubles, however, is unlikely to help.
Why did SNCF launch the Optimum Plus tariff
To offer larger seats to children under 12.
To appeal to frequent business travellers.
To encourage public discussion about children.
To promote the sale of rail tickets on weekends.
What can be inferred about SNCF according to the passage
It insists on the “no kids” rule despite strong opposition.
It has long been criticized for not being family-friendly.
It has attempted to soften the impact of the new policy.
It promises to grant young passengers more autonomy.
The “no kids” policy arouses public concern in France because .
it conflicts with France’s traditional attitude to children
it has further decreased the birth rate among French
it limits children’s access to all public transportation
it may cause stress-related nerve problems in children
What is the author’s overall attitude in the passage
Neutral and mixed about the policy’s social impact.
Concerned and critical of “no-kids” rule on board.
Worried but supportive of policies favouring parents.
Suspicious yet respectful of the rail operator’s policy.
Section C (8 分)
(
More
surprisingly,
the
animal
can
even adjust
how
she
handles
the
tool.
The
multi-purpose
nature
of
tool
use
is
beyond
everyone’s
expectations.
Her
life
circumstances
may
to
some
extent
explain
this
unique
behavior.
An
animal
must
intentionally
grasp and
control
an
object
to
achieve a
goal.
To
test
Veronika’s
skills,
researchers
placed
a
brush
on
the
ground
near
her.
He
is
excited to
add cows
to
the
list
of
tool-using
animals,
but
not
surprised.
)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A Cow Shocks Scientists by Using a Tool
The smart animal club continues to add new members, and the newest might surprise you. In a study newly published, scientists from the University of Veterinary Medicine analyzed the behavior of a pet cow in Austria named Veronika and concluded that it qualifies as tool use. The definition of tool use is actually rather strict. 47
Despite roughly 10,000 years of human-cattle coexistence, this is the first time scientists have documented a cow using a tool. 48 They then recorded which end she grabbed and which part of her body she scratched (挠). According to the researchers, Veronika rolled out her tongue like a carpet, using its flexible tip to grab the stick and roll it into her mouth. She then held the brush steadily, turned her neck, and scratched herself. This observation made scientists reconsider cows’ intelligence.
49 Veronika, as researchers noted, had different preferences for scratching different areas of her body. For example, when targeting the softer and more sensitive regions of her lower body, she switches over to the smooth stick end. Moreover, when scratching her upper body, Veronika uses wider and more forceful movements, while her lower-body scratching is slower, more careful, and highly controlled.
“The test confirmed Veronika’s behavior was intentional and controlled,” says Robert Shumaker, an evolutionary biologist. 50 There is already evidence that other mammals like water buffalo and goats are known tool users.
Summary Writing (10 分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Algorithm (算法) Fatigue
Algorithm fatigue is the tiredness from being “perfectly targeted” by every platform. On multiple e-commerce apps, the “Recommended for You” and precise targeting features once felt like magic. Now, it just seems exhausting.
When an algorithm is too accurate, it feels like a spy. The perfect content it generates fixes our eyes on screens; it’s like addictive potato chips. The biggest issue is that it removes the “happy accident”. Algorithms are logical, but humans are unpredictable. When algorithms get too good, we are trapped in an information bubble that simply mirrors our own opinions.
Meanwhile, when a computer decides what we see, we are no longer the pilot of our own attention. Our choices are no longer truly ours – they are predicted, shaped, and fed back to us. At its core, algorithm fatigue signals a fundamental loss of autonomy. We lose not only the joy of discovery, but also the capacity to know what we might have chosen on our own.
Looking ahead, technology is here to stay, and algorithms do help us in many ways. But balance is needed. For developers, the challenge is to build systems that leave room for the unexpected. Future apps could include a “surprise me” button – one that pushes us beyond our usual choices. For the rest of us, the key is to spend less time on screens. Ask someone nearby for a recommendation. Walk down a street you’ve never explored without taking on GPS.
Algorithm fatigue reveals a limit not of technology, but of how we use it. The next trend, therefore, isn’t necessarily a better algorithm, but a wiser human. We still want recommendations – just not at the cost of discovery. What we seek is not to escape technology, but to reclaim our role in using it.
Translation (15 分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
亲爱的班长，能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗？(sign)
原来是她的宠物猫踩到了键盘，发了这条令人摸不着头脑的消息。(turn out)
市长嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇，提议新建一条连接城乡的公路。（alert）
这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪，上演了精彩的中国功夫，不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单。(which)
Guided Writing (25 分)
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学的李明，你校校报 Young Voice 专栏近日选取了一则新闻作为话题，面向全
体学生征稿，新闻如下：
(
10
Dec
2025
“Australia passed a law banning teenagers under 16 from using social
media. They can neither set up new
accounts nor access their existing ones.”
)
请你以李明的身份投稿，内容须包括：
你是否支持这一举措；
结合你的经历，说明理由
(
第
10
页
) (
共
12
页
)
2025 学年第二学期高中英语练习卷答案与评分细则
语法：
1. until 2. had become 3. nothing 4. to sweat 5. practised
6. was collected 7. why/when/how 8. where 9. calling 10. as
词汇：
(
16-
20
KHJDA
26-
30
DBCAB
31-
35
ADCBC
)11-15 BCIGE
完型填空：
21-25 CDBCA
阅读：
36-39 ADBA
40-42 BBD
43-46 BCAB
47-50 DEAF
概要写作：
参考答案：
评分细则： 3+2
3 大支撑 ： 1. definition ; 2. problem (细节 lack of surprise +loss of autonomy) ; 3.solution (细节 developer+individual)
Algorithm fatigue is exhaustion from being perfectly targeted on all platforms. The endless similar content robs users of surprises and causes a loss of control. To handle these problems, balance is needed. Developers should build systems leaving space for the unexpected. Individually, we should spend less time on screens and use technology more wisely rather than escape it. (58)
翻译：
亲爱的班长，能在我的毕业相册上签名并写一句祝福吗？(sign)
Dear monitor, could/would you (please) sign your name and write down/leave a blessing 0.5’ 0.5’ 0.5’ 0.5’
on/in my graduation album
1’
原来是她的宠物猫踩到了键盘，发了这条令人摸不着头脑的消息。（turn out） It turned/turns out that her pet cat (had) stepped on the keyboard
1’ （结构+时态） 0.5’ 0.5’
and (had) sent this confusing/puzzling message.
1’
市长嗅到了这一绝佳的机遇，提议新建一条连接城乡的公路。（alert）
The mayor is alert to the golden/fantastic opportunity, and/so
0.5’ 0.5’ 0.5’ 0.5’
he has proposed building a new highway that connects the urban and suburban areas.
0.5’ 0.5’ 0.5’ 0.5’
或者：The mayor is alert to the golden opportunity, proposing building a new urban-suburban highway.或者： The mayor, who is alert to the golden opportunity, has proposed building a new highway connecting the urban and suburban areas.
这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪，上演了精彩的中国功夫，不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单。(which)
The robot moved quickly and flexibly on the stage, performing impressive Chinese
Kungfu/Gongfu 0.5’ , which 0.5’ won/earned/received/drew 1’ rounds of/a lot of applause
1’ 0.5’ 0.5’
and a lot of orders.
0.5’ 0.5’
或者：Moving quickly and flexibly on the stage, the robot performed impressive Chinese Kungfu, which not only won rounds of applause, but also received…
连接 0.5’
写作：略

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