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高二英语 复习被动语态学案
（选必四U1 Science Fiction）
被动语态的基本用法
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。常用于以下情况：
1. 动作的执行者不明或不重要。
My bike was stolen yesterday.
2. 强调动作的承受者。
The novel Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelley.
3. 科技、新闻或正式文体中。
The robot will be tested next week.
二、十种时态的被动语态结构（以动词 repair 为例）
时态 结构 例句
一般现在时 am/is/are + done The robot is repaired every month.
一般过去时 was/were + done The android was repaired yesterday.
一般将来时 will be + done The time machine will be repaired tomorrow.
过去将来时 would be + done He said the spaceship would be repaired soon.
现在进行时 am/is/are being + done The AI system is being repaired now.
过去进行时 was/were being + done The robot was being repaired when I arrived.
现在完成时 have/has been + done The cloning device has been repaired already.
过去完成时 had been + done The space ship had been repaired before the test.
将来进行时 will be being + done The hovercraft will be being repaired at 10 a.m. tomorrow.
将来完成时 will have been + done The computer will have been repaired by next Friday.
注：将来进行时被动语态较少用；将来完成时被动用于强调未来某时点前已完成。
三、不能用于被动语态的动词
1. 不及物动词（无宾语）：happen, occur, take place, break out, die, arrive, etc.
An accident happened yesterday. (不能改为 was happened)
2. 表示状态或所有的及物动词：have, own, possess, belong to, consist of, take part in, date back to(追溯到), lack, fit, suit, etc.
He has a robot. (不能说 A robot is had by him)
3. 系动词：be, become, seem, look, feel, taste, smell, etc.
The metal feels smooth. (不能说 is felt smooth)
四、主动语态表被动含义
1. 表主语品质、性能的词,如:sell, read, wash, write, clean,burn,measure,lock等用主动形式表示被动意义。
这类句子的特点是主语往往是“物”而不是“人”.另外,后面往往带有well,badly,easily这一类副词.
This science fiction reads smoothly.
The new robot sells well.
2. need, want, require, deserve + doing = need to be done
The spaceship needs repairing. (= needs to be repaired)
3. be worth doing
The book is worth reading.
4. 形容词 + to do (主语是动作承受者)：hard, easy, difficult, comfortable, etc.
The android is difficult to control.
介词on,under 等+含动作意义的名词，常见的有：
be under control/treatment/repair/construction /discussion; on show/sale/display
这台机器正在修理中.
This machine is under repair now.
This machine is being repaired now.
五、基础填空题
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. The science fiction novel ____________ (write) by Asimov in 1950.
2. These robots____________ (make) in China every year.
3. A new time machine____________ (build) at the lab next month.
4. The AI program ____________ (test) when the power went out.
5. So far, three androids ____________ (produce) by the company.
6. The old spaceship ____________ (repair) by the time we arrived.
7. The problem____________ (discuss) at the meeting right now.
8. The inventor said more advanced robots ____________ (design) soon.
9. By next year, the new energy engine ____________ (develop).
10. The movie The Wandering Earth ____________ (show) on TV tonight.
六、提升填空题
在空白处填入所给词的适当形式，注意被动语态或主动表被动。
1. This kind of robot ____________ (clean) easily with a soft cloth.
2. The damaged spaceship requires ____________ (fix) immediately.
3. Look! The strange machine____________ (control) by a remote device.
4. The science fiction conference ____________ (hold) in Shanghai last July.
5. After the accident, no one knew what ____________ (do) to the android.
6. The new model of AI ____________ (sell) well since it came out.
7. The old laboratory ____________(use) for decades before it was torn down.
8. This problem is difficult ____________ (solve) because of its complexity.
9. The astronaut said the equipment ____________ (check) before the launch.
10. It is reported that another clone____________ (create) in the coming year.
七、翻译题
将下列句子翻译成英语，注意被动语态或主动表被动。
这本关于人工智能的书值得一读。
_______________________________________________________________________________________2. 这个机器人已经修好了，你可以带走它。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. 明天这个时候，这个新系统正在被测试。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. 这艘宇宙飞船需要被彻底检查。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. 据说那部科幻小说已经被翻译成十多种语言。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
八、高考真题
用括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. (2023·全国甲卷) The chairman’s speech ____________ (record) and sent to every member right now.
2. (2022·新高考I卷) The museum ____________ (visit) by millions of people since it opened.
3. (2021·全国乙卷) The bridge, which ____________ (build) in the 18th century, is still in good condition.
4. (2020·全国III卷) The books on the desk ____________ (belong) to the school library.
5. (2019·江苏卷) A new library ____________ (build) in our school next year.
6. (2018·北京卷) The little boy ____________ (save) by the policeman when the fire broke out.
7. (2017·全国II卷) The factory, including its machines, ____________ (check) twice a year.
8. (2016·浙江卷) The scientist ____________ (award) the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2015.
9. (2015·天津卷) The old couple’s house ____________ (destroy) in the flood, but they were safe.
10. (2014·全国I卷) The letters “PRC” ____________ (stand) for the People’s Republic of China.
11. (2023·浙江卷) The novel ____________ (translate) into several languages so far.
12. (2022·北京卷) The plan ____________ (discuss) when I called the manager.
13. (2021·天津卷) This kind of cloth ____________ (wash) well and dries quickly.
14. (2020·上海卷) By the end of last month, the robot ____________ (test) for over 200 hours.
15. (2019·全国I卷) The artist’s new work ____________ (exhibit) in the gallery next week.
参考答案
基础填空题答案
1. was written — 一般过去时被动，in 1950表示过去。
2. are made — 一般现在时被动，every year表示习惯。
3. will be built — 一般将来时被动，next month。
4. was being tested — 过去进行时被动，when从句表示过去某一时刻正在发生。
5. have been produced — 现在完成时被动，so far。
6. had been repaired — 过去完成时被动，by the time we arrived表示过去的过去。
7. is being discussed — 现在进行时被动，right now。
8. would be designed — 过去将来时被动，主句said。
9. will have been developed — 将来完成时被动，by next year。
10. will be shown — 一般将来时被动，tonight。
提升填空题答案
1. cleans — 主动表被动，clean + easily。
2. fixing — require doing = require to be fixed。
3. is being controlled — 现在进行时被动，Look!表示此刻。
4. was held — 一般过去时被动，last July。
5. had been done — 过去完成时被动，在knew之前已发生。
6. has sold — sell well主动表被动，since引导时间状语从句用现在完成时。
7. had been used — 过去完成时被动，before it was torn down。
8. to solve — be difficult to do主动表被动。
9. had been checked — 过去完成时被动，before the launch。
10. will be created — 一般将来时被动，in the coming year。
翻译题答案
1. This book about artificial intelligence is worth reading.
2. This robot has been repaired, and you can take it away.
3. This new system will be being tested at this time tomorrow.
4. This spaceship needs to be thoroughly checked / needs checking thoroughly.
5. It is said that the science fiction has been translated into more than ten languages.
高考真题答案
1. is being recorded — right now暗示动作正在进行，被动。
2. has been visited — since it opened，主句用现在完成时被动。
3. was built — 18世纪建造，一般过去时被动。
4. belong — belong to无被动，用主动形式。
5. will be built — next year将来时被动。
6. was being saved — when the fire broke out，过去进行时被动。
7. is checked — twice a year，一般现在时被动。
8. was awarded — in 2015一般过去时被动。
9. was destroyed — 描述过去事实，一般过去时被动。
10. stand — stand for无被动，主动形式。
11. has been translated — so far现在完成时被动。
12. was being discussed — when I called，过去进行时被动。
13. washes — wash well主动表被动。
14. had been tested — by the end of last month过去完成时被动。
15. will be exhibited — next week一般将来时被动。
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