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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
复习过去分词学案
（选必四U2 Iconic Attractions）
一、过去分词的基本特征
过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义。在句法功能上，过去分词（短语）与形容词或副词作用类似，在句子中可充当定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等成分。
二、过去分词的核心用法
（一）过去分词作定语（Attribute）
过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在所修饰名词之前，过去分词短语通常放在所修饰名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
1. 单个过去分词作前置定语
· The injured workers are now being taken good care of.（受伤的工人）
· When will the delayed flight take off （被推迟的航班）
2. 过去分词短语作后置定语
· I‘m trying to solve the problems caused by my boss.（由我老板造成的问题）
· Most of their musical instruments are really just sticks found on the ground.（在地面上发现的棍子）
3. 及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成
· a polluted river（一条被污染的河流）→ 被动 + 完成
· fallen leaves（落叶）→ 只表示完成，不表示被动
【注意事项】
单个过去分词修饰 something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody 等复合不定代词或 those 等指示代词时，要放在这些词的后面。
（二）过去分词作状语（Adverbial）
过去分词作状语时，修饰谓语动词，说明动作发生的时间、原因、条件、方式、让步等。分词作状语常用于句首。
1. 表时间
· Seen from the top of the mountain, the city was very beautiful.
· When asked about the accident, he kept silent.
2. 表原因
· Greatly moved by the film, they all cried.
· Born into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling.
3. 表条件
· Given more time, we could do it much better.
· United we stand, divided we fall.（团结则存，分裂则亡）
4. 表让步
· Defeated by the strong team, they still showed great spirit.
【注意事项】
过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，且为被动关系。若不一致，则需使用独立主格结构。
· Weather permitting, we’ll go on a picnic tomorrow.
· All the work finished, they went home happily.
（三）过去分词作宾语补足语（Object Complement）
过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语之间存在动宾关系（宾语是动作的承受者），常用于使役动词（have, get, make, keep）和感官动词（see, watch, hear, find 等）之后。
1. 使役动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词
· He got his nose hurt when playing football.
· We must get the work finished on time.
2. 感官动词 + 宾语 + 过去分词
· When we got to school, we saw the door locked.
· I heard my name called.
3. 使役动词 have + 宾语 + 过去分词（表示“让某事被做”，主语不直接参与）
· I had my hair cut yesterday.（让别人给我剪了头发）
【注意事项】
过去分词作宾补与现在分词作宾补的区别：过去分词表示被动或已完成，现在分词表示主动或正在进行。
· I saw him killing the snake.（看到他正在杀蛇——主动/进行）
· I saw the snake killed by him.（看到蛇被他杀了——被动/完成）
（四）过去分词作表语（Predicative）
过去分词位于系动词（如 be, get, become, look, feel, seem 等）之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，体现形容词的特性。
· She looked very disappointed.
· We are really excited to hear your story.
· Both he and I are satisfied with the result.
· He was deeply moved when he heard the moving story.
【注意事项】
过去分词作表语 vs 被动语态：过去分词作表语强调主语所处的状态，而被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
· The cup is broken.（杯子破了。——表状态，系表结构）
· The cup was broken by Tom.（杯子是被汤姆打破的。——表动作，被动语态）
三、过去分词与现在分词的区别
现在分词：表主动进行
过去分词：表被动完成
· You can get burnt by the boiling water.（正在沸腾的水）
· The Chinese people tend to drink boiled water.（烧开过的水）
· I saw him killing the snake. → 我看见他正在杀蛇（主动、进行）
· I saw the snake killed by him. → 我看见蛇被他杀了（被动、完成）
· Seeing from the top of the hill, I found the village beautiful.（主动——我看）
· Seen from the top of the hill, the village was beautiful.（被动——村庄被看）
四、巩固练习
（一）基础填空题
用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. The book __________ (write) by Lu Xun is very popular among students.
2. __________ (see) from the top of the building, the whole city looks magnificent.
3. The boy__________ (sit) under the tree is reading a novel.
4. I’ll have my bike __________ (repair) tomorrow.
5. The __________ (excite) children were jumping and laughing.
6. __________ (found) in 1949, the People’s Republic of China has made great progress.
7. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday has been solved.
8. He was __________ (disappoint) at the result of the exam.
9. When __________ (ask) about his plan, he said nothing.
10. The __________ (fall) leaves covered the ground like a golden carpet.
11. He managed to make himself __________ (understand) with the help of a translator.
12.The __________ (rise) sun painted the sky in beautiful colors.
13. The boy __________ (call) Tom is my best friend.
14. I saw the glass __________ (break) into pieces.
15. She was deeply __________ (move) by the touching story.
（二）提高填空题
用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. The castle, __________ (build) in the 16th century, still stands there in good condition.
2. __________ (devote) to his research, he spent little time with his family.
3. He stood there, with his eyes __________ (fix) on the blackboard.
4. The speech __________ (deliver) by the famous professor impressed the audience deeply.
5. __________ (compare) with traditional education, online learning has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. While __________ (walk) along the street, he came across an old friend.
7. The bridge __________ (construct) at present will be completed next year.
8. __________ (determine) to win the game, the players practiced day and night.
9. We found the house __________ (abandon) when we arrived.
10. She had her wallet __________ (steal) on the bus.
11. __________ (separate) from her family for a long time, she burst into tears when she saw them.
12. The flowers __________ (water) every morning grow well.
13. __________ (absorb) in reading the novel, he didn’t notice me enter the room.
14. I heard the song __________ (sing) in the next room.
15. With all the work __________ (finish), he left the office happily.
（三）翻译题
1. 受到这个故事的鼓舞，这个男孩决定继续努力。
_______________________________________________________________________________________2. 昨天举行的会议很成功。
_______________________________________________________________________________________3. 他惊讶地发现门是锁着的。
_______________________________________________________________________________________4. 看到从远方来的朋友，她非常兴奋。
_______________________________________________________________________________________5. 被这些问题困扰着，他整晚都没睡着。
_______________________________________________________________________________________
（四）高考真题
从近五年高考真题中精选，用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. （2023全国甲卷）Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message __________ (intend) for everyone.
2. （2023全国乙卷）… with the city keeping its carefully __________ (build) system of ring roads.
3. （2023北京卷）When __________ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
4. （2023浙江1月卷）In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, __________ (surround) in concentric circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
5. （2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation __________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking.
6. （2022全国乙卷）It can help to build a community with a __________ (share) future for mankind.
7. （2022北京卷）One theory, increasingly __________ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.
8. （2024新高考全国Ⅱ卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden.
9. （2023新高考Ⅰ卷）Shanghai may be the __________ (recognize) home of the soup dumplings.
10. （2022浙江1月卷）The research __________ (study) the effects of climate change has drawn wide attention.
11. （2021新高考Ⅰ卷）He was __________ (astonish) to find the ancient temple still in good condition.
12. （2024浙江1月卷）The newly __________ (design) building combines modern and traditional elements.
13. （2023天津卷第一次）The __________ (post) notice attracted a lot of attention.
14. （2022新高考Ⅰ卷）The __________ (close) door suggested that nobody was in the office.
15. （2023新高考Ⅱ卷）The city is home to many __________ (protect) historical sites.
参考答案
（一）基础填空题
1 written 过去分词作定语 书是“被写”的，与 book 之间为被动关系，用 written 作后置定语
2 Seen 过去分词作状语 城市与 see 之间是被动关系（“被看到”），用 seen 作条件状语
3 sitting 现在分词作定语 和boy之间是主动关系，表示“坐在树下的”
4 repaired 过去分词作宾补 have sth. done 结构，表示“让别人修自行车”
5 excited 过去分词作定语 修饰 children，表示“感到兴奋的孩子们”
6 Founded 过去分词作状语 中国与 found（建立）之间为被动关系，表示“成立于1949年”
7 discussed 过去分词作定语 problem 与 discuss 之间为被动关系，表示“昨天会上被讨论的问题”
8 disappointed 过去分词作表语 系动词 was 后表主语状态，表示“感到失望的”
9 asked 过去分词作状语 when asked = when he was asked，表被动
10 fallen 过去分词作定语 fall 是不及物动词，过去分词只表完成，不表被动，“落下的叶子”
11 understood 过去分词作宾补 make oneself understood 固定结构，表示“让自己被听懂”
12 rising
13 called 过去分词作定语 boy 与 call 之间为被动关系，“被叫做 Tom 的男孩”
14 broken 过去分词作宾补 glass 与 break 之间为被动关系，“看见玻璃被打碎”
15 moved 过去分词作表语 was moved 表示“被感动”，过去分词表被动/状态
（二）提高填空题
1 built 过去分词作定语 castle 与 build 之间为被动关系，“建于16世纪的城堡”
2 Devoted 过去分词作状语 be devoted to 表示“致力于”，he 与 devote 之间为被动关系
3 fixed 过去分词作宾补 with + 名词 + 过去分词，eyes 与 fix 之间为被动关系，“眼睛注视着黑板”
4 delivered 过去分词作定语 speech 与 deliver 之间为被动关系，“被发表的演讲”
5 Compared 过去分词作状语 compared with 为固定搭配，表示“与……相比”
6 walking 现在分词作状语 he 与 walk 之间为主动关系，“正走在街上时”
7 being constructed 过去分词进行式作定语 bridge 与 construct 之间为被动且正在进行，“正在被修建的桥”
8 Determined 过去分词作状语 be determined to do 表示“决心做”，players 与 determine 之间为被动关系
9 abandoned 过去分词作宾补 house 与 abandon 之间为被动关系，“发现房子被遗弃了”
10 stolen 过去分词作宾补 had sth. done 结构，wallet 与 steal 之间为被动关系
11 Separated 过去分词作状语 she 与 separate 之间为被动关系，“与家人分离很久”
12 watered 过去分词作定语 flowers 与 water 之间为被动关系，“被每天浇水的花”
13 Absorbed 过去分词作状语 be absorbed in 表示“专注于”，he 与 absorb 之间为被动关系
14 singing 现在分词作宾补 song 与 sing 之间为主动关系，表示“听到歌声在隔壁响起”（强调进行）
15 finished 过去分词作宾补 with + 名词 + 过去分词，work 与 finish 之间为被动关系
（三）翻译题
1 Encouraged by the story, the boy decided to keep trying. 过去分词作状语，表原因，boy 与 encourage 之间为被动关系
2 The meeting held yesterday was very successful. 过去分词作定语，meeting 与 hold 之间为被动关系
3 He was surprised to find the door locked. 过去分词作表语（surprised）+ 过去分词作宾补（locked）
4 Seeing her friend coming from afar, she was very excited. 现在分词作状语（主动）+ 过去分词作表语（状态）
5 Troubled by these problems, he couldn‘t fall asleep all night. 过去分词作状语，he 与 trouble 之间为被动关系
（四）高考真题
1 intended 2023全国甲卷 过去分词作定语，message 与 intend 之间为被动关系
2 built 2023全国乙卷 过去分词作定语，system 与 build 之间为被动关系
3 seen 2023北京卷 过去分词作状语，forests 与 see 之间为被动关系（状语从句省略）
4 surrounded 2023浙江1月 过去分词作定语，Forbidden City 与 surround 之间为被动关系
5 held 2022全国甲卷 过去分词作定语，Forum 与 hold 之间为被动关系
6 shared 2022全国乙卷 过去分词作定语，future 与 share 之间为被动关系
7 supported 2022北京卷 过去分词作定语，theory 与 support 之间为被动关系
8 inspired 2024新高考II卷 过去分词作定语，pavilion 与 inspire 之间为被动关系
9 recognized 2023新高考I卷 过去分词作定语，Shanghai 与 recognize 之间为被动关系，“被公认的”
10 studied 2022浙江1月 过去分词作定语，research 与 study 之间为被动关系
11 astonished 2021新高考I卷 过去分词作表语，表示“感到惊奇的”
12 designed 2024浙江1月 过去分词作定语，building 与 design 之间为被动关系
13 posted 2023天津卷 过去分词作定语，notice 与 post 之间为被动关系，“被张贴的”
14 closed 2022新高考I卷 过去分词作定语，door 与 close 之间为被动关系，“关着的门”
15 protected 2023新高考II卷 过去分词作定语，sites 与 protect 之间为被动关系，“被保护的历史遗址”
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