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Unit 6 Section B Project分层作业设计
基础作业
一、单词默写。
1. ____________ [ s m l r tiz] n. 相似点 2. ____________ [ d f r ns z] n. 差异
3. ____________ [r s t ] v. & n. 研究 4. ____________ [d n] v. 加入
5. ____________ [ r d nl] adj. 原先的 6. ____________ [ri d n] v. 重新加入
7. ____________ [ e (r)] v. 分享 8. ____________ [k mju n ke t] v. 沟通
9. ____________ [ pr p li] adv. 正确地
短语默写
1. 比较两个国家的习俗 ____________________
2. 研究异同点 ____________________
3. 穿合适的衣服 ____________________
4. 赠送和接受礼物 ____________________
5. 拜访他人 ____________________
6. 嘴里塞满食物说话 ____________________
7. 使用筷子 ____________________
8. 使用刀叉 ____________________
9. 加入另一个小组 ____________________
10. 重新加入原来的小组 ____________________
11 分享你学到的东西 ____________________
12. 入乡随俗 ____________________
三、根据要求完成句子
1. 分组研究中国和另一个国家习俗之间的异同。
______ ______, research the ______ and ______ between customs in China and another country.
2. 用你们的想法完成表格。
______ the table ______ your ideas.
3. 加入另一个小组，告诉他们你们的研究结果。
______ a different group. ______ them about your research.
4. 重新加入原来的小组，分享你在另一个小组学到的东西。
______ your ______ group. ______ what you learnt in the other group.
5. 嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的。
It’s not ______ to ______ with your mouth full.
6. 在巴西，做那件事也是粗鲁的。
In Brazil, it’s ______ to do that ______.
7. 我们用筷子，他们用刀叉。
We ______ chopsticks. They ______ a knife and fork.
8. 你学到了世界各地的哪些习俗？
What ______ from around the world have you ______
9. 中国和其他国家之间有哪些文化差异？
What are some ______ ______ between China and other countries
10. 你为什么认为了解文化差异很重要？
Why do you think it is ______ to know about ______ ______
11. 我们应该如何与来自不同文化的人沟通？
How should we ______ with people from different ______
12. 入乡随俗。
______ ______ Rome, do as the Romans do.
四、请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. In groups, r____________ the similarities and differences between customs in China and another country.
2. We need to c____________ two countries’ customs for our project.
3. It’s not polite to t____________ with your mouth full in most cultures.
4. In China, we usually use c____________, but in Brazil they use a knife and fork.
5. You should j____________ a different group and tell them about your research.
6. After that, r____________ your original group and share what you learned.
7. It’s important to know about cultural d____________ when traveling abroad.
8. When in Rome, do as the R____________ do.
五 、同义句转换。
1. It’s not polite to talk with your mouth full.
→ It’s ______ to talk while your mouth is full.
2. In China, we use chopsticks. In Brazil, they use a knife and fork.
→ The way of eating in China is ______ ______ that in Brazil.
3. Join a different group and tell them about your research.
→ Go to another group and ______ your research ______ them.
4. Rejoin your original group and share what you learnt.
→ Come back to your ______ group and ______ what you learnt.
5. Why is it important to know about cultural differences
→ Why is knowing about cultural differences of great ______
提升作业
六、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. In groups, ______ (research) the similarities and differences between customs.
2. It’s not polite ______ (talk) with your mouth full.
3. We use chopsticks, but they use a knife and ______ (fork).
4. You should join a ______ (difference) group and share your ideas.
5. After that, rejoin your ______ (origin) group.
6. It’s important ______ (know) about cultural differences.
7. How should we ______ (communication) with people from different cultures
8. When in Rome, do as the ______ (Roman) do.
七、选词填空。
A．respect B．another C． showing D．by E. slowly F. warmth G. silent H. accepted I. go J. brought K. remembering L. well
Customs and traditions are different from one country to another, but good manners are 1 in every country. They are the basic rules for a relaxing life, and they are worth 2 . In fact, they are often the first things that people notice about you.
When you greet someone, a simple smile or a warm “hello” can 3 a long way. And if you feel comfortable enough, a kiss on the cheek can be a symbol of 4 and friendliness. However, we’re supposed to remember that customs are different in different countries. What is acceptable in one culture may not be acceptable in 5 . Take the time to learn about the customs of the people you will meet, and change your behavior accordingly.
Good manners also mean behaving 6 in different situations. For example, it’s important to be polite in public places. Avoid being loud or getting mad, and remember to keep your phone 7 . It’s also important to be careful about your language.
Another way of showing good manners is 8 showing value for others. This can be as simple as saying “thank you” when someone does something nice for you, or offering to help someone in need. It’s also important to show 9 for people’s time by being on time.
In today’s world, we often forget the value of good manners. We get caught up in our own lives. But by 10 good manners, we can create a more relaxing environment for ourselves and those around us.
拓展作业
八、阅读短文，从方框中所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。
Dragon or Loong
Do we celebrate “the Year of the Dragon” or “the Year of the Loong” In the West, dragons are famous in movies like The Lord of the Rings. 1 Let’s look at the differences and what they mean in their cultures.
The Western dragon is a cruel and scary animal in many stories. It has big wings, and breathes fire. It stands for power, magic and danger. And it is often seen as a symbol of bad things. 2 In the story, Smaug was greedy (贪婪的) and wanted all the gold and treasures, which shows the bad sides of humans.
In Chinese stories, the Loong looks like a combination (组合体) of nine different animals. It’s long and looks a bit like a snake. It can swim in the sea like fish. But the amazing thing is that it can fly even though it doesn’t have wings.
3 They think it can bring them good luck. It has held an important place in Chinese culture for ages. There are some traditional festivals about the Loong, such as the Longtaitou Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. The Chinese celebrate them with different kinds of activities.
Interestingly, Chinese people often call themselves “descendants (传人) of the Loong”. 4
So, when we say “the Year of the Loong”, it might be a better way to describe the special year compared to “the Year of the Dragon”.
A．The Loong is deeply respected by Chinese people.
B．But are these dragons the same as the Loong in Chinese culture
C．And parents expect their kids to be “Loong”—creative, confident and brave.
D．“Loong” has been used in the past to describe dragons.
E．For example, Smaug is a famous dragon in a book called The Hobbit.
九、阅读理解
In some parts of the world, people greet each other by touching noses. In New Zealand, the Maori people have a traditional greeting called “hongi”. They press their noses and foreheads together. This represents the sharing of breath and life.
In Tibet, people stick out their tongues (伸出舌头) to greet others. This tradition started a long time ago. A cruel king had a black tongue, so people showed their tongues to prove they were not like him. Today, it is a sign of respect.
In the Philippines, younger people greet their elders by taking the elder’s hand and pressing it to their own forehead. This is called “mano” or “bless”. It shows respect and asks for a blessing.
In some African cultures, people may clap hands when they greet. The number of claps and the way of clapping can have different meanings.
So next time you meet someone from another culture, remember: a simple “hello” might not be enough. Learning a few local greeting customs can help you make a good first impression.
1．What does the “hongi” greeting in New Zealand represent
A．Friendship and love.
B．Sharing of breath and life.
C．Asking for a blessing.
D．Proving you are not a king.
2．Why do people in Tibet stick out their tongues when greeting
A．To show they are friendly.
B．To make others laugh.
C．To prove they are not like a cruel king.
D．To ask for food.
3．In the Philippines, what do young people do to show respect to elders
A．They bow deeply.
B．They clap their hands.
C．They press noses together.
D．They take the elder’s hand to their forehead.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Greetings are the same all over the world.
B．“Hello” is the best way to greet anyone.
C．Different cultures have different greeting customs.
D．Touching noses is the most common greeting.
十、任务型阅读
. Different countries have different ideas about manners— how you behave when you are eating. In England, table manners are important. Good table manners in England are as follows:
. You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not a good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not lean towards the plate, but bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. At the same time, do not put your elbows on the table, nor reach over someone’s plate for something.
. English people normally don’t pick food up with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers and fruit.
. It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate after eating.
. It is polite to eat the food that you have been offered so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoyed the food. If you can’t finish everything and need to leave a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “That was very nice, thank you, but I’m just too full to eat another bite.”
根据以上内容，选出与每段相匹配的信息，其中有一个选项是多余的。
A．Using your fingers
B．Your legs
C．How to sit
D．How much to eat
E．Your mouth
F．The importance of table manners
1.____________ 2.___________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________
6．根据以上内容，补全下面方框中的句子，每空一词。
Good table manners in . ◎You should up straight in your chair. ◎Some foods are usually eaten with like pizza. ◎It is to talk with your mouth full of food. ◎It is OK to a little food.
十一、完形填空。
In a busy international business meeting, a group of businessmen from different countries came together to discuss possible working partnership. Among them were Sarah, an American manager, and Li, a Chinese businessman. They had difficulty 1 each other.
As the meeting continued, Li kept quiet all the time, so Sarah thought Li wasn’t interested. Sarah decided to break the ice by offering a strong handshake to express her 2 . However, Li found her handshake was too strong. This made him feel 3 because he was used to shaking hands softly.
Later, during a conversation, Sarah nodded from time to time to show 4 , but Li still had no expressions on his face. Sarah thought he was against the plan. In fact, Li was simply thinking about the information 5 .
As the day went by, misunderstanding continued to 6 . As they kept talking, they both misunderstood each other’s body language because they had different ways of showing things. It felt like there was a(n) 7 wall between them.
Then another person 8 both Sarah and Li about the cultural differences in body language. They began to realize why they couldn’t understand each other 9 . With this newfound awareness, they changed their gestures and expressions.
In the end, through patience and understanding, Sarah and Li worked out their early problems. They learned to 10 and get used to each other’s body language, finally making their business work better.
1．A．meeting B．rejecting C．holding D．understanding
2．A．happiness B．warmth C．pain D．permission
3．A．bored B．uncomfortable C．joyful D．peaceful
4．A．agreement B．attraction C．warning D．worry
5．A．pleasantly B．carelessly C．seriously D．specially
6．A．appear B．begin C．score D．match
7．A．practical B．unseen C．simple D．detailed
8．A．paid B．attracted C．hurt D．warned
9．A．locally B．mainly C．correctly D．roughly
10．A．accept B．hear C．describe D．cross
进阶作业
A Tale of Two Dinners
Part 1: Read and Explore
When I was 16, I went on a student exchange program to Brazil. I stayed with a lovely family in Rio de Janeiro. On my first night, they invited me to a traditional Brazilian dinner. I was excited but also nervous because I knew that Brazilian customs might be different from my own Chinese customs.
The first surprise came when we sat down. In China, we usually wait for the oldest person to start eating. So I sat quietly, waiting. But my Brazilian host brother started eating right away. I was confused. Later, I learned that in Brazil, it’s normal to start eating as soon as the food is served. There’s no need to wait for elders.
Then came the utensils. In China, we use chopsticks. But here, everyone used a knife and fork. I had practiced using them before, but I still felt clumsy. I accidentally made a loud noise when cutting my meat. I felt so embarrassed. But my host family just smiled and said, “Don’t worry. It happens.”
During the meal, I tried to make conversation. “How much do you earn ” I asked my host father. In China, some people ask this to show care. But the table went silent. My host father looked uncomfortable. Later, my host sister explained, “In Brazil, asking about salary is very personal. We don’t talk about money.”
After dinner, I wanted to help clean up. In China, guests often offer to help. But my host mother gently stopped me. “You are our guest. Please relax.” I learned that in Brazil, guests are not expected to do chores.
At the end of the evening, I thanked the family and said goodbye. I felt I had learned so much. The same action—asking about money, helping with dishes—can mean different things in different cultures. What is polite in one country may be rude in another.
Now I understand why people say, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” It doesn’t mean you have to forget your own culture. It just means you should respect and follow the customs of the place you are visiting.
Task 1: Multiple Choice
1. Where did the writer go on a student exchange program
A. China B. Brazil C. Japan D. France
2. In China, who usually starts eating first at a meal
A. The youngest person B. The guest C. The oldest person D. The host
3. What mistake did the writer make during the meal
A. He used chopsticks. B. He asked about salary.
C. He started eating too early. D. He didn’t say thank you.
4. How did the host family react when the writer made a loud noise with his knife and fork
A. They got angry. B. They laughed at him.
C. They smiled and said it happens. D. They ignored him.
5. What does the phrase “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” mean
A. You should only follow your own customs.
B. You should respect and follow local customs.
C. You should never travel to other countries.
D. You should teach others your customs.
Task 2: Complete the Comparison Table
Read the passage again. Complete the table with the differences between Chinese and Brazilian customs mentioned in the story.
Custom In China In Brazil
When to start eating Wait for the oldest person to start 1. ________________________
Eating utensils Use chopsticks 2. ________________________
Asking about salary Some people do it to show care 3. ________________________
Helping with dishes Guests often offer to help 4. ________________________
Task 3: Real-Life Connection
Think about a custom in your hometown or country that might be different from another country. Choose one custom (greeting, eating, gift-giving, etc.) and complete the sentences below to write a short paragraph (60-80 words).
（想一想你家乡或国家的一个习俗，可能与另一个国家不同。选择一个习俗（问候、吃饭、送礼等），完成下面的句子，写一段60-80词的短文。）
Sentence Starters 句子提示：
In my country, when we ________________________, we usually __________________________.
However, in______________________ , people ________________________________________.
This is different because _________________________________________________________ .
I think it’s important to know these differences because __________________________________.
参考答案
基础作业
一、单词默写。
1. ____________ [ s m l r tiz] n. 相似点 2. ____________ [ d f r ns z] n. 差异
3. ____________ [r s t ] v. & n. 研究 4. ____________ [d n] v. 加入
5. ____________ [ r d nl] adj. 原先的 6. ____________ [ri d n] v. 重新加入
7. ____________ [ e (r)] v. 分享 8. ____________ [k mju n ke t] v. 沟通
9. ____________ [ pr p li] adv. 正确地
【答案】】similarities; differences; research; join; original; rejoin; share; communicate; properly
短语默写
1. 比较两个国家的习俗 ____________________
2. 研究异同点 ____________________
3. 穿合适的衣服 ____________________
4. 赠送和接受礼物 ____________________
5. 拜访他人 ____________________
6. 嘴里塞满食物说话 ____________________
7. 使用筷子 ____________________
8. 使用刀叉 ____________________
9. 加入另一个小组 ____________________
10. 重新加入原来的小组 ____________________
11 分享你学到的东西 ____________________
12. 入乡随俗 ____________________
【答案】1. compare two countries‘ customs；2. research the similarities and differences；3. wear the right clothes；4. give and receive gifts；5. visit others；6. talk with your mouth full；7. use chopsticks；8. use a knife and fork；9. join a different group；10. rejoin your original group；11. share what you learnt；12. when in Rome, do as the Romans do
三、根据要求完成句子
1. 分组研究中国和另一个国家习俗之间的异同。
______ ______, research the ______ and ______ between customs in China and another country.
2. 用你们的想法完成表格。
______ the table ______ your ideas.
3. 加入另一个小组，告诉他们你们的研究结果。
______ a different group. ______ them about your research.
4. 重新加入原来的小组，分享你在另一个小组学到的东西。
______ your ______ group. ______ what you learnt in the other group.
5. 嘴里塞满食物说话是不礼貌的。
It’s not ______ to ______ with your mouth full.
6. 在巴西，做那件事也是粗鲁的。
In Brazil, it’s ______ to do that ______.
7. 我们用筷子，他们用刀叉。
We ______ chopsticks. They ______ a knife and fork.
8. 你学到了世界各地的哪些习俗？
What ______ from around the world have you ______
9. 中国和其他国家之间有哪些文化差异？
What are some ______ ______ between China and other countries
10. 你为什么认为了解文化差异很重要？
Why do you think it is ______ to know about ______ ______
11. 我们应该如何与来自不同文化的人沟通？
How should we ______ with people from different ______
12. 入乡随俗。
______ ______ Rome, do as the Romans do.
【答案】1. In; groups; similarities; differences；2. Complete; with；3. Join; Tell；4. Rejoin; original; Share
5. polite; talk；6. rude; too；7. use; use；8. customs; learnt；9. cultural; differences；10. important; cultural; differences；11. communicate; cultures；12. When; in
四、请根据所给的首字母写出单词，使句子意思完整正确。
1. In groups, r____________ the similarities and differences between customs in China and another country.
2. We need to c____________ two countries’ customs for our project.
3. It’s not polite to t____________ with your mouth full in most cultures.
4. In China, we usually use c____________, but in Brazil they use a knife and fork.
5. You should j____________ a different group and tell them about your research.
6. After that, r____________ your original group and share what you learned.
7. It’s important to know about cultural d____________ when traveling abroad.
8. When in Rome, do as the R____________ do.
【答案】1. research；2. compare；3. talk；4. chopsticks；5. join；6. rejoin；7. differences；8.Romans
五 、同义句转换。
1. It’s not polite to talk with your mouth full.
→ It’s ______ to talk while your mouth is full.
2. In China, we use chopsticks. In Brazil, they use a knife and fork.
→ The way of eating in China is ______ ______ that in Brazil.
3. Join a different group and tell them about your research.
→ Go to another group and ______ your research ______ them.
4. Rejoin your original group and share what you learnt.
→ Come back to your ______ group and ______ what you learnt.
5. Why is it important to know about cultural differences
→ Why is knowing about cultural differences of great ______
【答案】1. rude；2. different from；3. share; with；4. original; share；5. importance
提升作业
六、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。
1. In groups, ______ (research) the similarities and differences between customs.
2. It’s not polite ______ (talk) with your mouth full.
3. We use chopsticks, but they use a knife and ______ (fork).
4. You should join a ______ (difference) group and share your ideas.
5. After that, rejoin your ______ (origin) group.
6. It’s important ______ (know) about cultural differences.
7. How should we ______ (communication) with people from different cultures
8. When in Rome, do as the ______ (Roman) do.
【答案】1. research；2. to talk；3. fork；4. different；5. original；6. to know；7. communicate；8. Romans
七、选词填空。
A．respect B．another C． showing D．by E. slowly F. warmth G. silent H. accepted I. go J. brought K. remembering L. well
Customs and traditions are different from one country to another, but good manners are 1 in every country. They are the basic rules for a relaxing life, and they are worth 2 . In fact, they are often the first things that people notice about you.
When you greet someone, a simple smile or a warm “hello” can 3 a long way. And if you feel comfortable enough, a kiss on the cheek can be a symbol of 4 and friendliness. However, we’re supposed to remember that customs are different in different countries. What is acceptable in one culture may not be acceptable in 5 . Take the time to learn about the customs of the people you will meet, and change your behavior accordingly.
Good manners also mean behaving 6 in different situations. For example, it’s important to be polite in public places. Avoid being loud or getting mad, and remember to keep your phone 7 . It’s also important to be careful about your language.
Another way of showing good manners is 8 showing value for others. This can be as simple as saying “thank you” when someone does something nice for you, or offering to help someone in need. It’s also important to show 9 for people’s time by being on time.
In today’s world, we often forget the value of good manners. We get caught up in our own lives. But by 10 good manners, we can create a more relaxing environment for ourselves and those around us.
【答案】
1．H 2．K 3．I 4．F 5．B 6．L 7．G 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文介绍了不同国家虽有不同习俗，但礼貌礼仪是共通的，阐述了礼貌的重要性及具体表现，呼吁人们通过践行礼仪营造更舒适的生活环境。
1．句意：各国习俗和传统各不相同，但良好的礼仪在每个国家都被接受。根据“Customs and traditions are different from one country to another, but good manners are ... in every country”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“良好的礼仪被接受”；accepted是accept的过去分词，构成被动语态，意为“被接受”，符合语境。故选H。
2．句意：它们是惬意生活的基本准则，值得被记住。根据“They are the basic rules for a relaxing life, and they are worth ... ”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“值得被记住”；be worth doing是固定搭配，remembering是remember的动名词形式，意为“记住”，符合语境。故选K。
3．句意：当你问候别人时，一个简单的微笑或温暖的“你好”就能大有帮助。根据“When you greet someone, a simple smile or a warm ‘hello’ can ... a long way”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“大有帮助”；go a long way是固定短语，意为“大有帮助、走得远”，go符合语境。故选I。
4．句意：如果你觉得足够自在，亲吻脸颊可以是温暖和友好的象征。根据“a kiss on the cheek can be a symbol of ... and friendliness”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“温暖和友好的象征”；warmth意为“温暖”，与friendliness并列，符合语境。故选F。
5．句意：在一种文化中可接受的行为，在另一种文化中可能不被接受。根据“What is acceptable in one culture may not be acceptable in ... ”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“另一种（文化）”；another意为“另一个”，指代another culture，符合语境。故选B。
6．句意：良好的礼仪也意味着在不同场合举止得体。根据“Good manners also mean behaving ... in different situations”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“在不同场合举止得体”；well意为“好地、得体地”，修饰动词behaving，符合语境。故选L。
7．句意：避免大声喧哗或生气，记得让手机保持静音。根据“remember to keep your phone ... ”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“让手机保持静音”；silent意为“静音的、安静的”，“keep sth. + adj.”是固定结构，符合语境。故选G。
8．句意：另一种展现良好礼仪的方式是通过向他人表达重视。根据“Another way of showing good manners is ... showing value for others”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“通过向他人表达重视”；by意为“通过”，后接动名词showing，符合语境。故选D。
9．句意：通过守时来尊重他人的时间也很重要。根据“It’s also important to show ... for people’s time by being on time”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“表现对他人时间的尊重”；show respect for是固定短语，意为“尊重”，respect符合语境。故选A。
10．句意：但通过展现良好礼仪，我们可以为自己和周围的人创造更舒适的环境。根据“But by ... good manners, we can create a more relaxing environment”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“通过展现良好礼仪”；by后接动名词，showing是show的动名词形式，意为“展现”，符合语境。故选C。
拓展作业
八、阅读短文，从方框中所给的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一个多余的选项。
Dragon or Loong
Do we celebrate “the Year of the Dragon” or “the Year of the Loong” In the West, dragons are famous in movies like The Lord of the Rings. 1 Let’s look at the differences and what they mean in their cultures.
The Western dragon is a cruel and scary animal in many stories. It has big wings, and breathes fire. It stands for power, magic and danger. And it is often seen as a symbol of bad things. 2 In the story, Smaug was greedy (贪婪的) and wanted all the gold and treasures, which shows the bad sides of humans.
In Chinese stories, the Loong looks like a combination (组合体) of nine different animals. It’s long and looks a bit like a snake. It can swim in the sea like fish. But the amazing thing is that it can fly even though it doesn’t have wings.
3 They think it can bring them good luck. It has held an important place in Chinese culture for ages. There are some traditional festivals about the Loong, such as the Longtaitou Festival and the Dragon Boat Festival. The Chinese celebrate them with different kinds of activities.
Interestingly, Chinese people often call themselves “descendants (传人) of the Loong”. 4
So, when we say “the Year of the Loong”, it might be a better way to describe the special year compared to “the Year of the Dragon”.
A．The Loong is deeply respected by Chinese people.
B．But are these dragons the same as the Loong in Chinese culture
C．And parents expect their kids to be “Loong”—creative, confident and brave.
D．“Loong” has been used in the past to describe dragons.
E．For example, Smaug is a famous dragon in a book called The Hobbit.
【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中西方的龙有什么区别，以及在不同的文化中意味着什么。
1．根据上文“In the west, dragons are famous in movies like The Lord of the Rings.”及下文“Let’s look at the differences and what they mean in their cultures.”可知，此处是提出疑问。B选项“但是这些龙和中国文化中的龙是一样的吗？”符合语境。故选B。
2．根据上文“It has big wings, and breathes fire. It stands for power, magic and danger.”及下文“Smaug was greedy (贪婪的) and wanted all the gold and treasures, which shows the bad sides of humans.”可知，此处是举例说明西方文化中龙的象征意义。E选项“例如，Smaug是《霍比特人》这本书中一条著名的龙”符合语境。故选E。
3．根据“They think it can bring them good luck. … The Chinese celebrate them with different kinds of activities.”可知，这一段主要介绍了龙在中国的象征意义和看法等。A选项“龙深受中国人民的尊敬。”符合语境。故选A。
4．根据上文“Interestingly, Chinese people often call themselves ‘descendants (传人) of the loong’.”可知，此处是进一步介绍中国人对龙的崇拜。C选项“父母希望他们的孩子成为‘龙’——有创造力、自信和勇敢。”符合语境。故选C。
九、阅读理解
In some parts of the world, people greet each other by touching noses. In New Zealand, the Maori people have a traditional greeting called “hongi”. They press their noses and foreheads together. This represents the sharing of breath and life.
In Tibet, people stick out their tongues (伸出舌头) to greet others. This tradition started a long time ago. A cruel king had a black tongue, so people showed their tongues to prove they were not like him. Today, it is a sign of respect.
In the Philippines, younger people greet their elders by taking the elder’s hand and pressing it to their own forehead. This is called “mano” or “bless”. It shows respect and asks for a blessing.
In some African cultures, people may clap hands when they greet. The number of claps and the way of clapping can have different meanings.
So next time you meet someone from another culture, remember: a simple “hello” might not be enough. Learning a few local greeting customs can help you make a good first impression.
1．What does the “hongi” greeting in New Zealand represent
A．Friendship and love.
B．Sharing of breath and life.
C．Asking for a blessing.
D．Proving you are not a king.
2．Why do people in Tibet stick out their tongues when greeting
A．To show they are friendly.
B．To make others laugh.
C．To prove they are not like a cruel king.
D．To ask for food.
3．In the Philippines, what do young people do to show respect to elders
A．They bow deeply.
B．They clap their hands.
C．They press noses together.
D．They take the elder’s hand to their forehead.
4．What is the main idea of the passage
A．Greetings are the same all over the world.
B．“Hello” is the best way to greet anyone.
C．Different cultures have different greeting customs.
D．Touching noses is the most common greeting.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文介绍了不同文化中各具特色的问候礼仪，包括新西兰毛利人的碰鼻礼、西藏的伸舌礼、菲律宾的长辈礼、非洲的拍手礼，阐明了不同文化有不同问候习俗的核心观点。
1．第1段提到“In New Zealand, the Maori people have a traditional greeting called 'hongi'. They press their noses and foreheads together. This represents the sharing of breath and life.”，说明新西兰的“hongi”问候代表着呼吸与生命的共享。
2．第2段提到“A cruel king had a black tongue, so people showed their tongues to prove they were not like him.”，说明西藏人打招呼时伸舌头，是为了证明自己不像残暴的国王。
3．第3段提到“In the Philippines, younger people greet their elders by taking the elder's hand and pressing it to their own forehead.”，说明菲律宾的年轻人通过把长辈的手按在自己额头上，来向长辈表示尊重。
4．全文围绕不同文化的不同问候习俗展开，核心主旨是“不同文化有不同的问候习俗”。
十、任务型阅读
. Different countries have different ideas about manners— how you behave when you are eating. In England, table manners are important. Good table manners in England are as follows:
. You should sit up straight in your chair. It is not a good idea to lean (倾斜) forwards or backwards. When you eat, you should not lean towards the plate, but bring the knife, fork or spoon towards you. At the same time, do not put your elbows on the table, nor reach over someone’s plate for something.
. English people normally don’t pick food up with their fingers when they are eating main courses. If you are not sure, the safest is to use your knife or fork. There are, however, some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza, sandwiches, burgers and fruit.
. It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food, or to eat with your mouth open. And if possible, do not make any noise. Never lick (舔) your plate after eating.
. It is polite to eat the food that you have been offered so a clear plate is a good plate. It shows that you enjoyed the food. If you can’t finish everything and need to leave a little, that’s also okay. You could say something like “That was very nice, thank you, but I’m just too full to eat another bite.”
根据以上内容，选出与每段相匹配的信息，其中有一个选项是多余的。
A．Using your fingers
B．Your legs
C．How to sit
D．How much to eat
E．Your mouth
F．The importance of table manners
1.____________ 2.___________ 3.____________ 4.____________ 5.____________
6．根据以上内容，补全下面方框中的句子，每空一词。
Good table manners in . ◎You should up straight in your chair. ◎Some foods are usually eaten with like pizza. ◎It is to talk with your mouth full of food. ◎It is OK to a little food.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．D 6． England sit fingers impolite leave
【导语】本文主要介绍了不同国家对礼仪的观念存在差异，并详细说明了英国的餐桌礼仪要点。
1．根据“In England, table manners are important. Good table manners in England are as follows:”可知，本段核心是说明英国餐桌礼仪的重要性。F选项“餐桌礼仪的重要性”符合语境。故选F。
2．根据“You should sit up straight in your chair...do not put your elbows on the table...”可知，本段核心是介绍就餐时的坐姿要求。C选项 “如何就坐” 符合语境。故选C。
3．根据“English people normally don’t pick food up with their fingers...some foods that are usually eaten with fingers”可知，本段核心是说明就餐时用手指取食物的规则。A选项 “使用你的手指” 符合语境。故选A。
4．根据“It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food...do not make any noise. Never lick your plate after eating”可知，本段核心是介绍就餐时关于嘴巴的礼仪要求。E选项 “你的嘴巴” 符合语境。故选E。
5．根据“It is polite to eat the food that you have been offered...If you can’t finish everything...”可知，本段核心是说明就餐时关于食量的礼仪。D选项“吃多少”符合语境。故选D。
6．①根据文章中“Good table manners in England are as follows”可知，此处讲的是英国的餐桌礼仪。故填 England。
②根据文章中“You should sit up straight in your chair”可知，就餐时应在椅子上坐直。故填sit。
③根据文章中“some foods that are usually eaten with fingers. They include pizza...”可知，披萨这类食物通常用手指食用。故填fingers。
④根据文章中“It is not polite to talk with your mouth full of food”可知，满嘴食物时说话是不礼貌的，“not polite”可对应“impolite”。故填impolite。
⑤根据文章中“If you can’t finish everything and need to leave a little, that’s also okay”可知，剩下一点食物是可以的。故填leave。
十一、完形填空。
In a busy international business meeting, a group of businessmen from different countries came together to discuss possible working partnership. Among them were Sarah, an American manager, and Li, a Chinese businessman. They had difficulty 1 each other.
As the meeting continued, Li kept quiet all the time, so Sarah thought Li wasn’t interested. Sarah decided to break the ice by offering a strong handshake to express her 2 . However, Li found her handshake was too strong. This made him feel 3 because he was used to shaking hands softly.
Later, during a conversation, Sarah nodded from time to time to show 4 , but Li still had no expressions on his face. Sarah thought he was against the plan. In fact, Li was simply thinking about the information 5 .
As the day went by, misunderstanding continued to 6 . As they kept talking, they both misunderstood each other’s body language because they had different ways of showing things. It felt like there was a(n) 7 wall between them.
Then another person 8 both Sarah and Li about the cultural differences in body language. They began to realize why they couldn’t understand each other 9 . With this newfound awareness, they changed their gestures and expressions.
In the end, through patience and understanding, Sarah and Li worked out their early problems. They learned to 10 and get used to each other’s body language, finally making their business work better.
1．A．meeting B．rejecting C．holding D．understanding
2．A．happiness B．warmth C．pain D．permission
3．A．bored B．uncomfortable C．joyful D．peaceful
4．A．agreement B．attraction C．warning D．worry
5．A．pleasantly B．carelessly C．seriously D．specially
6．A．appear B．begin C．score D．match
7．A．practical B．unseen C．simple D．detailed
8．A．paid B．attracted C．hurt D．warned
9．A．locally B．mainly C．correctly D．roughly
10．A．accept B．hear C．describe D．cross
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文讲述了美国经理Sarah与中国商人Li在国际商务会议中，因肢体语言的文化差异产生误解，最终在他人提醒下相互理解、改善合作的故事。
1．句意：他们很难理解彼此。
根据固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难），结合上下文，两人来自不同国家，存在沟通障碍，需要表达“理解有困难”的含义，understanding理解，符合语境。 meeting遇见； rejecting拒绝；holding握住，均与文意无关。
2．句意：Sarah决定主动破冰，用力握手来表达她的热情。
根据上文“ break the ice（破冰、主动示好）、handshake（握手）”是商务场景中表达善意的方式，可知warmth热情，符合语境。 happiness幸福，侧重个人情绪，不适合商务示好的语境。 pain痛苦；permission许可，语义完全不符。
3．句意：这让他感到不舒服，因为他习惯了轻柔地握手。
根据“because he was used to shaking hands softly”，可知Li习惯轻柔握手，因此Sarah用力的握手会让他不适，应选用uncomfortable，表示“不舒服的”。bored无聊的； joyful开心的；peaceful平静的，均不符合语境。
4．句意：后来，在对话中，Sarah时不时点头表示同意，但Li脸上仍然没有表情。
根据文化常识，西方商务场景中，点头是表示 “同意、认可” 的肢体语言，应选用agreement，表示 “同意”。 attraction吸引； warning警告；worry担心，均不符合点头在商务对话中的表意。
5．句意：事实上，Li 只是在认真地思考这些信息。
根据上文“Sarah thought he was against the plan”，可知转折后说明Li无表情的真实原因是专注思考，应选用seriously，表示“认真地”，think seriously表示“认真思考”，符合商务人士的状态。 pleasantly愉快地； carelessly粗心地；specially特别地，均不符合语境。
6．句意：随着时间推移，误解持续出现。
根据上下文，两人因文化差异持续产生误解，需表达“出现、产生”的含义，应用appear，表示“出现”，“misunderstanding continued to appear”表示 “误解持续出现”，符合语境。 begin开始，误解已经存在，并非“开始”； score得分； match匹配，均与文意无关。
7．句意：感觉他们之间有一堵无形的墙。
根据比喻用法，文化差异带来的隔阂是抽象、看不见的，需修饰 “墙” 体现这一属性，应选用unseen，表示“无形的、看不见的”。practical实际的；simple简单的； detailed详细的，均不符合“无形隔阂”的比喻。
8．句意：然后另一个人提醒了Sarah和Li关于肢体语言的文化差异。
根据下文“They began to realize why they couldn’t understand each other”，可知他人的行为让两人明白了误解的原因，需表达“提醒、告知”的含义，应选用warned，表示 “提醒、告知”。 paid支付； attracted吸引； hurt伤害，语义完全不符。
9．句意：他们开始意识到为什么他们无法正确地理解彼此。
根据上下文，两人之前因文化差异产生误解，现在明白原因，需表达“正确地”理解，应选用correctly，表示“正确地”，“understand each other correctly”表示“正确理解彼此”，符合文意。locally本地地； mainly主要地，roughly粗略地，均语义不符。
10．句意：他们学会了接受并习惯彼此的肢体语言，最终让他们的业务合作得更好。
根据并列结构“and get used to”，需与“习惯”语义一致，体现对不同文化肢体语言的接纳，应选用accept，表示“接受”，“accept and get used to”表示“接受并习惯”，符合相互理解的结局。 hear听见；describe描述；cross穿过，均不符合语境。
进阶作业
A Tale of Two Dinners
Part 1: Read and Explore
When I was 16, I went on a student exchange program to Brazil. I stayed with a lovely family in Rio de Janeiro. On my first night, they invited me to a traditional Brazilian dinner. I was excited but also nervous because I knew that Brazilian customs might be different from my own Chinese customs.
The first surprise came when we sat down. In China, we usually wait for the oldest person to start eating. So I sat quietly, waiting. But my Brazilian host brother started eating right away. I was confused. Later, I learned that in Brazil, it’s normal to start eating as soon as the food is served. There’s no need to wait for elders.
Then came the utensils. In China, we use chopsticks. But here, everyone used a knife and fork. I had practiced using them before, but I still felt clumsy. I accidentally made a loud noise when cutting my meat. I felt so embarrassed. But my host family just smiled and said, “Don’t worry. It happens.”
During the meal, I tried to make conversation. “How much do you earn ” I asked my host father. In China, some people ask this to show care. But the table went silent. My host father looked uncomfortable. Later, my host sister explained, “In Brazil, asking about salary is very personal. We don’t talk about money.”
After dinner, I wanted to help clean up. In China, guests often offer to help. But my host mother gently stopped me. “You are our guest. Please relax.” I learned that in Brazil, guests are not expected to do chores.
At the end of the evening, I thanked the family and said goodbye. I felt I had learned so much. The same action—asking about money, helping with dishes—can mean different things in different cultures. What is polite in one country may be rude in another.
Now I understand why people say, “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” It doesn’t mean you have to forget your own culture. It just means you should respect and follow the customs of the place you are visiting.
Task 1: Multiple Choice
1. Where did the writer go on a student exchange program
A. China B. Brazil C. Japan D. France
2. In China, who usually starts eating first at a meal
A. The youngest person B. The guest C. The oldest person D. The host
3. What mistake did the writer make during the meal
A. He used chopsticks. B. He asked about salary.
C. He started eating too early. D. He didn’t say thank you.
4. How did the host family react when the writer made a loud noise with his knife and fork
A. They got angry. B. They laughed at him.
C. They smiled and said it happens. D. They ignored him.
5. What does the phrase “When in Rome, do as the Romans do” mean
A. You should only follow your own customs.
B. You should respect and follow local customs.
C. You should never travel to other countries.
D. You should teach others your customs.
Task 2: Complete the Comparison Table
Read the passage again. Complete the table with the differences between Chinese and Brazilian customs mentioned in the story.
Custom In China In Brazil
When to start eating Wait for the oldest person to start 1. ________________________
Eating utensils Use chopsticks 2. ________________________
Asking about salary Some people do it to show care 3. ________________________
Helping with dishes Guests often offer to help 4. ________________________
Task 3: Real-Life Connection
Think about a custom in your hometown or country that might be different from another country. Choose one custom (greeting, eating, gift-giving, etc.) and complete the sentences below to write a short paragraph (60-80 words).
（想一想你家乡或国家的一个习俗，可能与另一个国家不同。选择一个习俗（问候、吃饭、送礼等），完成下面的句子，写一段60-80词的短文。）
Sentence Starters 句子提示：
In my country, when we ________________________, we usually _______________________.
However, in______________________ , people ____________________________________.
This is different because _____________________________________________________ .
I think it’s important to know these differences because ________________________________.
【参考答案】
Task 1:1. B；2. C；3. B；4. C ；5.B
Task 2: 1. Start eating as soon as the food is served / No need to wait for elders
2. Use a knife and fork
3. Very personal / Not talked about / Rude
4. Guests are not expected to help / Guests should relax
Task 3: Real-Life Connection
【Sample Paragraph】
In my country, when we greet others, we usually nod or shake hands. However, in Japan, people bow to show respect. This is different because bowing shows the level of respect, while in my country a simple nod is fine. I think it’s important to know these differences because if you travel or meet people from other cultures, knowing their customs helps you avoid misunderstandings and show respect.

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