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答案详解
一、动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
考点1 一般体
1.is forbidden 句意为：现在，猎捕棕头蜘蛛猴在厄瓜多尔是被禁止的，厄尔多瓜是南美洲西北部的一个国家，然而数百年来当地人为了它们的肉一直在猎杀它们。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，hunting the brown-headed spider monkey为动名词短语作主语，为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，主语与 forbid之间为被动关系；根据Now可知应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is forbidden。
2.was suspected 句意为：如果一艘船被怀疑携带了鼠疫，它会被送到离岸的地方进行隔离，并被命令在那里等待40天。分析句子结构可知，设空处在If引导的条件状语从句中作谓语，其中从句主语a ship为单数，从句谓语动词也应用单数形式；a ship和 suspect 之间为被动关系，且根据主句中的was可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was suspected。
3. launched 句意为:这家公司在去年12月开始探索直播业务，当时该公司在一家电商平台上推出了自己的直播室，主要销售农产品。根据本句中的时间状语last December可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填 launched。
4.will be rewarded 句意为:学生们一直在努力学习功课,我们相信他们的努力最终会获得成功。根据语境可知，此处表述的是将来会发生的事，应用一般将来时;their efforts和reward之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be rewarded。
5 dates 句意为:这座古老的石桥建于清朝，今天仍在使用。分析句子结构可知，设空处作非限制性定语从句的谓语，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；定语从句的主语指代先行词bridge，为单数概念，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。
6.will talk 句意为:布朗教授来了。下课后我再跟你聊关于那部新电影的更多细节。根据语境和后面的after class可知，此处表述的是将来的情况，应用一般将来时。故填will talk。
考点2进行体
7.was shopping 句意为:圣诞节的前两天，我在当地一家食品杂货店购物时，突然注意到一个小男孩正在欣赏一辆玩具车。结合when引导的时间状语从句中的noticed和句意可知，主句描述过去某个时刻正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。固定句型sb.be doing sth.when..意为“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)…”。故填was shopping。
8.will be lying 句意为：下周的这个时候我将正躺在沙滩上，享受阳光。根据时间状语This time next week可知，此处表示将来某一时刻某一动作正在进行，应用将来进行时。故填will be lying。
9.are making 句意为：家长们如今正在改变他们以前的教育方法，因为他们开始意识到那些方法的负面影响。根据后面的时间状语these days和语境可知，此处表述现阶段正在做的事，应用现在进行时。故填are making。
10.was talking 句意为：我第一次看到珍妮的时候，她正在英语角和一些学生交谈。根据时间状语The first time I saw Jenny可知，此处表示过去一个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故填was talking。
11.is being searched 句意为：现场找到了两把刀，目前奇特姆山地区的一处房产正在被搜查。分析句子结构可知，设空处在分句中作谓语。分句主语a property为单数，分句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；根据时间状语currently可知，此处表示动作正在进行，且a property与search之间为被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being searched。
12.was seeing 句意为：当我在看《我和我的祖国》这部电影时，我的电话响了。while引导的时间状语从句常用进行时，再根据主句中的rang可知，句子陈述的是过去发生的事，因此从句应用过去进行时，表示过去某一时间正在发生的事。故填was seeing。
13.was raining 句意为：要不是当时在下雨，我昨天晚上就去参加你的生日聚会了。the fact后的同位语从句陈述的是过去的事实，不用虚拟语气；根据时间状语at that time可知，此处表述的是过去某一时刻正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时。故填was raining。
知识拓展
but for虚拟语气
but for意为“要不是，倘若没有”,用于虚拟语气，属于含蓄虚拟条件句。
But for your help,we couldn't have succeeded.要不是你的帮助，我们本不会成功的。
考点3完成(进行)体
14.had dug句意为：到他们发现这座雕像时，他们已经挖了4,500平方米。根据句意和found可知，“挖了4,500平方米”发生在“发现雕像”之前，所以此处表示“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故填had dug。
15.has been found 句意为：自从他们开始探险以来，就只在沉船中发现了一些古代的中国钱币。根据句子中的时间状语since they began the exploration可知，此处应使用现在完成时；由于主句的主语为Nothing but.结构，故谓语动词应与but之前的不定代词Nothing保持一致，故用第三人称单数形式；主语Nothing与find之间是被动关系。故填has been found。
16.will have gone 句意为：一般来说，到了50岁，我们一半的头发会变白。根据语境和时间状语by the age of 50可知，此处表示将来某时之前完成的动作，应用将来完成时。故填will have gone。
17.has improved 句意为：除了高铁，中国在过去十年中还以许多其他的方式改善了人们的生活。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语over the last decade可知，此处指从过去某一时间开始到现在一直发生的事，应用现在完成时；主语China为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has improved。
18.had completed 句意为：截至2021年底，“数字敦煌”项目已完成268座石窟的数字化采集和164座石窟的图像处理等工作。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据时间状语By the end of 2021可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had completed。
19.have provided/have been providing 句意为：中国的一些餐馆几十年来一直提供公筷和公勺，但并不是每个人都选择使用它们。分析句子结构可知，设空处在分句中作谓语。根据时间状语for decades可知，此处应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；分句主语Some restaurants in China为复数概念，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have provided/have been providing。
20.has been overworking 句意为：史密斯先生这些天一直在过度工作。我认为他应该在累垮之前去度个假。根据后面的时间状语these days和后一句中的before he is burned out可知，史密斯先生忙碌的状态是从过去开始，一直延续到现在，而且还要持续下去，此处应用现在完成进行时。故填has been overworking。
21.has won 句意为：这是中国女子乒乓球队历史上第22次赢得“考比伦杯”这一荣誉奖项。分析句子结构可知，此处为“It is the +序数词+time+that从句.”的句型，该句型中that从句要用现在完成时，从句的主语为Chinese women's table tennis team,为整体概念，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has won。
考点4主谓一致
22.was spending 句意为：当强震发生时，琳达和她的兄弟们正在智利度假。根据句中的together with可知，此处遵循“就远原则”,谓语动词的数应与Linda的数保持一致。结合句中的broke out可知，此处表示过去发生的事情，同时根据固定句型sb.be doing sth.when...可知，此处应用过去进行时。故填was spending。
23.does 句意为：不是每个去攀岩的人都像亚历克斯一样疯狂。很多人会安全地做这件事，或是在室内特殊的墙上(进行攀岩)。根据第一句中的goes和is可知，此处应用一般现在时，且主语为Many a person,动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填does。
24.were 句意为：昨天出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授和许多其他客人。此处是表语置于句首的完全倒装，主语为Professor White,Professor Smith and many other guests,谓语应用复数形式；结合上文yesterday可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填were。
25.is washed 句意为：每年有大量的土壤被冲走。根据every year可知，本句应用一般现在时；wash与主语A quantity of soil之间是被动关系，因此此处应用一般现在时的被动语态；又因“a quantity of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语要用单数形式。故填is washed。
26.has concluded 句意为：在过去的两年里，一项全国性饮食规定的审查已经得出结论：一天中若不吃早餐会损害我们的健康。根据时间状语During the last two years可知，此处应用现在完成时，谓语动词的数应与句子主语的中心语an examination保持一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故填has concluded。
27.is 句意为：通常有专业的科学家或组织与社区一起工作。由typically和从句中的works可知，应用一般现在时。此处为There be句型，应遵循“就近原则”,离设空处最近的名词短语为a professional scientist,为单数概念。故填is。
28.highlights 句意为:在一部名为《海龟的祈求》的新动画片中，绿色和平组织从海龟的角度强调了保护海洋的重要性。分析句子成分可知，设空处作谓语，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语Greenpeace为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填highlights。
29 increases 句意为：因此，随着量子比特数量的增加，量子计算机的计算能力也得到提高。根据主句谓语rises可知，此处描述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时且the number of+复数名词”作主语时,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填increases。
30.was established 句意为：1959年，建立了一个委员会以限制埃及建筑的破坏和防止文物的损失。分析句子结构可知，establish在句中作谓语，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，主语是 a committee与谓语establish 之间是被动关系，故填was established.
高考提升练
语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 主题：垂直花园的普遍流行
文章主要介绍了垂直花园这一想法的起源，以及垂直花园如今在学校、火车站等场所都有所应用。垂直花园不仅能使车站凉爽，还有助于吸收噪声，同时垂直花园有效减少了当地的污染。
31.truly 考查词性转换。句意为垂直园艺并不新鲜，但印度的一个例子表明，这种创造性的技术是如何真正改变生活的。修饰动词change,应用副词truly,表示“真正地”,作状语。故填truly。
32.that/which 考查定语从句。句意为：去年6月，来自阿姆利则的梅赫拉一家展示了他们在家中建造的垂直花园，成为当地的热点新闻。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the vertical garden,指物，且关系词在从句中作宾语，故应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
33.the/this 考查冠词或限定词。句意为：这家人用了超过17.5万个塑料瓶来建造该花园，他们把瓶子固定在家里的外墙上，然后在里面种满各种各样的植物。garden在此处特指上文提到的the vertical garden,可用定冠词the,也可用限定词this表示“这个”花园。故填the/this。
34.them 考查代词。句意见上一题解析。设空处作filling的宾语，代指bottles应用them。故填them。
35.using 考查非谓语动词。句意为：使用一种简单的滴灌系统灌溉这些植物，令人惊讶的是，这使他们家的温度降低了近5摄氏度。by为介词，后跟动名词using作宾语。故填using。
36.caught 考查动词的时态。句意为：这个主意很快就流行起来了。catch on意为“流行起来”,catch在句中作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系，且为发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时。故填caught。
37.to adopt 考查非谓语动词。句意为：现在，许多当地学校的墙上都有绿色的垂直花园，旁遮普省农业大学也有，甚至卢迪亚纳火车站也是如此，其是印度第一个采用这一举措的火车站。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中应用非谓语动词作定语修饰the first station。名词station由序数词the first修饰，所以后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to adopt。
38.on 考查介词。句意为：铁路部门指出，这些植物不仅能给车站降温，还有助于吸收噪声，似乎对旅客有镇静和防止乱扔垃圾的作用。have an effect on….是固定短语，意为“对……有影响”,因此设空处用介词on。故填on。
39.is recycling 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：此外，每个以这种方式建造的垂直花园都在回收塑料，否则塑料就会成为一种污染物，这积极地减少了当地的污染。recycle在句中作谓语，与主语之间是主动关系，根据时间状语now可知，此处指正在发生的动作，所以应用现在进行时，且主语为单数概念。故填is recycling。
40.pollution 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。空前的local为形容词，修饰名词，该空作reducing的宾语，表示“污染”,应用不可数名词pollution。故填pollution。
二、非谓语动词
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1.Suffering 句意为:由于患有白内障,她在学习上面临着严峻的挑战。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词faces, suffer应用非谓语动词形式,且和主语she之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填Suffering。
2.accounting 句意为：生物学家发现有大约四之三的鸟类种群栖息在北美，占整个鸟类数量的90%以上。本句中主句的谓语动词为find, that 引导的宾语从句中有谓语are settling,设空处应用非谓语动词形式；且 account的逻辑主语about three quarters of species of birds 之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语，account for意为“占(一定数量比例)”。故填accounting。
3.Having worked 句意为：在过去的几十年里，一直致力于加深中法两国人民之间的友谊，他说，他对这荣誉感到“由衷的高兴”。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式作状语，且主句主语 he 与work 之回为逻辑上主动关系，应用现在分词形式。结合时间状语in the past decades 可知，此处应用现在分词的完成式，表示该动作发生主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。故填Having worked。
4.Inspired 句意为:受到冒着生命危险的英雄们的激励，很多学生选择在大学学习医学。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，且主语many students与inspire之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填Inspired。
5. Given 句意为:如果再给我一次机会,我绝对会再做一次。分析句子结构可知，give与I之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词形式，表示被动含义。故填Given。
6.promoting 句意为:在过去的几年里,许多中国的文化和艺术珍品在世界上许多地方展出,在全球舞台展示了了不起的中华文明并且促进了文化交流。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的showing并列作结果状语,应用现在分词形式，表示自然而然的结果。故填promoting。
7.to insure 句意为：超导量子计算机必须保持在超冷温度，以确保其材料能够导电而无任何电阻。此处表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to insure。
8.Having been invited 句意为 布朗先生被邀参加安妮的生日聚会，现在正在逛一家又一家商店，为她选一件漂亮的礼物。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动 is searching,且与设空处之间无连接词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语；invite和Mr. Brown之间是逻辑上的被动关系，且invite所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，所以用分词的完成式。故填Having been invited。
9.to select 句意为:许多学院和大学也使用类似于智商测试的考试来选择学生。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“用某物做某事”。故填 to select。
10.Based 句意为：根据附加的放射性碳定年法，并与在其他墨西哥遗址发现的石器进行比较，研究人员怀疑科克斯卡特兰洞穴被占领这一事件发生在13,500年到9,900年之间。短语be based on意为“基于”,此处省略be动词，为过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Based。
考点2非谓语动词作定语
11.increasing 句意为:生态旅游正以越来越快的速度发展。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语，修饰名词speed，应用非谓语动词形式。根据前面的is developing可知，此处表进行；且increase和 speed之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填increasing。
12.hidden 句意为:她确信那封信中有言外之意。分析句子结构可知，此处作定语，修饰名词 meaning，应用非谓语动词形式。hide和 meaning之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词形式。故填hidden。
13.learning 句意为:就像许多学生学习演奏西方乐器一样，也有很多人学习中国传统民间艺术，包括陕西快板。分析句子结构可知，_______traditional Chinese folk arts作定语修饰people,people与learn 之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填learning。
14.dressed 句意为：她的一幅作品描绘了20个穿着传统服装的人，他们手拿乐器，在葡萄园里唱歌跳舞。分析句子成分可知，该句已有谓语动词 features,设空处应用非谓语动词形式作定语修饰名词 people;people与dress之间构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填dressed。
15.to give 句意为:但为了给孩子一切，一些家长最终不仅动用了经济资源，而且投入了情感力量。分析句子结构可知，此处需要用非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词effort。名词effort后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to give。
16 to spare 句意为:既然有几个小时的空闲时间，我决定去电影院看场电影。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，have...to spare意为“有多余的…”。故填to spare。
17.to be created 句意为:这些东西为明年创造新的工作岗位提供了一个框架，使人们能够自力更生，从而不再需要依赖别人。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词形式，new jobs与create之间是逻辑上的被动关系根据next year可知，create为将来发生的动作，故用不定式的被动式作后置定语，修饰new jobs。故填to be created。
18 being decorated 句意为：现在正在装修的这个房间是我的书房，我将在这里写作业。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词形式。主语room与decorate之间为逻辑上的被动关系；根据时间状语at present可知，此处指目前正在进行的动作，应用现在分词的被动式。故填being decorated。
19.led 句意为:大约96年前，中国共产党率领的3万多名士兵，在江西省南昌打响了对国民党反动派的第一枪。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词是fired,lead应用非谓语动词形式作定语，修饰soldiers,二者之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填led。
20.to appreciate 句意为：近年来，她一直致力于推广传统插花，希望人们能够熟悉这门艺术，为其悠久的历史感到自豪，并拥有欣赏生活中的美的能力。分析句子结构可知，hoping后为省略引导词了的宾语从句，从句中已有三个并列谓语will be,take pride in和hold,设空处应用非谓语动词作定语;名词ability后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to appreciate。
考点3非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语
21.keeping 句意为:研究表明饲养宠物有助于人的心理健康和性格培养。分析句子结构可知，that引导宾语从句，设空处作从句的主语，应用动名词形式。故填keeping。
22.Being trapped 句意为：被困在河里五个小时使小偷看起来非常苍白和疲惫。makes为谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词；_______in the river for five hours作主语，且trap与逻辑主语the thief之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式；设空处在句首，单词的首字母要大写。故填Being trapped。
23.surviving 句意为：由于流传至今的(相关)书籍寥寥无几，在张决定研究并复兴这种装订技术之前，这种装订技术面临着消失的风险。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”复合结构，few of the books与survive之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式作宾语补足语。故填surviving。
24.to make 句意为：戴维斯相信他最重要的职责是确保他已经为任何他可能碰到的情况做好了准备。分析句子成分可知，_______sure...在句中作表语，说明duty的内容，应用不定式。故填to make。
25.caught 句意为：2005年，加利福尼亚海岸发生了一起尤为惊人的动物受难事件，在那里(人们)发现了一头母鲸，它被渔民用的尼龙绳困住了。分析句子结构可知，在where引导的非限制性定语从句中，设空处作主语a female whale的补语，由于a female whale与catch之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应用过去分词作主语补足语。故填caught。
26.graduating 句意为：他已在夏季参加了额外的课程，最终他提前一年毕业了。end up doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“以做某事而结束”,此处应用动名词作宾语。故填graduating。
27.seated 句意为 ：飞机完全停稳之前你应该坐着别动。分析句子成分可知，should remain为主句的谓语，设空处前有连系动词remain,设空处在句中作表语，表示主语的状态，意为“坐着的”。故填seated。
28.to tell 句意为：我很遗憾地告诉你，你不适合报纸上刊登的这个职位。regret to say/inform/tell.…意为“遗憾地说/通知/告诉……”,故填to tell。注意regret doing sth.(后悔做了某事)不符合此处语境。
29.to arrive 句意为：我遇到了交通堵塞，我不确定要多久才能到达机场。此处为固定句型it takes...to do sth.,意为“做某事花费……”,it是作形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to arrive。
30 transforming 句意为：将光转化为声音的魔力始于低频无线电录音机。分析句子结构可知，设空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填transforming。
高考提升练
语法填空
体裁：说明文题材：社会文化主题：皮影戏
本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了中国民间古老的传统艺术—皮影戏。
31.houses 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为:这里有一个皮影戏剧团和北京龙在天皮影戏剧院。设空处的house在此处是实义动词，意为“安置",是本句的谓语动词；又根据前文可知，此句应用一般现在时。故填 houses。
as 考查介词。句意为: 皮影戏在中国被视为电影和动画的前传。see... as... 意为 "把……看作……", 是固定搭配。故填 as。
created 考查非谓语动词。句意为:除了由光影创造的表演,表演者必须掌握各种技能组合,因为表演结合了绘画、雕刻、歌剧和文学。设空处作名词 performances 的后置定语,且 performances 与 create 之间为逻辑上的被动关系,所以应用过去分词形式。故填 created。
various/varied 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰 skill sets,应用形容词,various/varied 为形容词,意为“各种各样的”。故填 various/varied。
to learn 考查非谓语动词。句意为:但由于皮影戏收入低,市场小,年轻人不愿意学习皮影戏。be unwilling to do sth. 意为“不愿意做某事”。故填 to learn。
However 考查副词。句意为:然而,这个特殊的剧团在人群中脱颖而出。根据语境可知,上文介绍年轻人不愿意学习皮影戏,后文介绍这个剧团的平均年龄是 25 岁,前后句意相反,应用副词 however 连接。故填 However。
it 考查代词。句意为:此外,在多年来训练的300 名表演者中,许多人的身高不到 1.4 米。分析句子成分可知,设空处所在句是定语从句,修饰先行词 performers,空处是定语从句的主语,指代上文中的 troupe;而先行词在从句中作宾语,此处省略了关系代词。故填 it。
height 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析，分析句子成分可知，设空处在介词 in 后作宾语，应用名词 height 为名词，意为“高度”。此处为“数字 + meters + height”结构，表示“高……米”。故填 height。
introducing 考查非谓语动词。句意为:该团还上演了不同的戏剧,通过童话故事介绍冰雪运动。分析句子结构可知,设空处作后置定语修饰名词 plays,且两者之间为逻辑上的主动关系,所以应用现在分词形式。故填introducing。
Fortunately 考查词性转换。句意为：幸运的是,我们有这些人。设空处修饰整个句子作状语,应用副词。故填 Fortunately。
三、形容词和副词
考点1 词性转换/词形变化
1.humorous 句意为：他幽默地讲述了他们的西班牙之行。设空处修饰空后的名词account,作定语，应用形容词。故填humorous。
2.changeable 句意为：河上的天气变化无常—前一分钟晴朗，而下一分钟又下雨。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用形容词作be动词的表语，表示天气“易变的”。故填changeable。
3.extremely 句意为：实际上，即使在天气非常热的时候，很多中国人也更喜欢喝热水。设空处修饰形容词hot,应用副词。故填extremely。
4.surprised 句意为：她回来时，吃惊地发现了一张手写的便条，是一张违章停车罚单。分析句子成分可知，此处描述人的心理，应用以-ed结尾的形容词作表语。故填surprised。
5..basically 句意为：2022年残奥会奖牌基本与奥运会奖牌有相似的同心环设计，但中心是残奥会标志，下方是“北京2022年冬残奥会”字样。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰动词share,应用副词作状语。故填basically。
6.unwilling 句意为：他妈妈不愿意供他上学，于是把他带回家照看羊。设空处位于从句的系动词was后，应用形容词形式作从句的表语；通过主句句意可知，此处应填表示否定意义的形容词。故填unwilling。
7.organized 句意为：在实验室里，保持事物整洁有序，能帮助提供更安全的环境。由空前的and可知，设空处应用形容词和clean一起作keeping的宾语补足语。故填organized。
8.truly 句意为：她不是一个外向的人，并且她不会让任何人知道她真实的感受。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，设空处修饰动词feels,应用副词作状语。故填truly。
9.valuable 句意为：即使实验没有成功，我们仍常常从中学到一些(极)有价值的东西。此处修饰不定代词something,应用形容词作后置定语。根据句意可知，此处表示“(极)有价值的”。故填valuable。
10.missing 句意为：一共有63人丧生，5人失踪。此处考查with的复合结构，应用形容词作宾补，表示“失踪的”。故填missing。
考点 2 比较等级
11.wider 句意为：作者说：“感觉网络小说的写作路径变得越来越宽了。”much修饰比较级，设空处应用形容词的比较级作表语。故填wider。
知识拓展
比较级的标志词
(1)设空处后有than时用比较级。
(2)设空处前有even,much,far,rather,a little/bit及倍数(twice,three times)等时用比较级。
12.higher 句意为：研究人员说夜猫子与早睡早起的人相比有更高的早逝风险。根据than early birds可知，此处有比较含义，应用high的比较级。故填higher。
13.largest 句意为：由百度智能云创建的女主持人由世界上最大的手语数据库支持，该数据库拥有多达20万条数据。根据空前的the world's并结合句意可知，此处指“世界上最大的手语数据库”,应用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
14.closer 句意为：科学家说“龙人”比尼安德特人更接近现代人类。根据后面的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填closer。
15.fastest 句意为：中国新一代高速列车——复兴号，是现在世界上最快的火车之一，它可以以350千米每小时的速度行驶。"one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为固定用法，意为“最……的……之一”。设空处应用fast的最高级形式。故填fastest。
16.higher 句意为：去年，该公司的产量是2019年的两倍，这给公司和工人们带来了更多的利润。根据设空处后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填higher。
17.sadder 句意为：看着忙于圣诞采购的人群，他感到从未有过的悲伤，因为没有人和他一起庆祝。分析句子结构可知，设空处应填形容词作系动词felt的表语；再结合句意可知，此处是指“从未有过的悲伤”,应是“否定词never+形容词的比较级”的结构，表示最高级。故填sadder。
18.most tiring 句意为：这是我曾体验过的最累的工作，但也是最有益的。根据I'd ever experienced和the most rewarding可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填most tiring。
19.braver 句意为：总而言之，挑战自己会使你更勇敢，使你更好地适应社会。分析句子结构并结合句意以及句尾的better可知，此处应用形容词的比较级作宾语补足语，表示“更勇敢”。故填braver。
20.fewer 句意为：你越细心，你犯的错误就会越少。分析句子结构可知，此处为“the+比较级.…,the+比较级…”句型，表示“越……,就越……"”,the后面跟形容词或副词的比较级；该句型相当于一个复合句，前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。设空处修饰名词mistakes,应用形容词few的比较级。故填fewer。
考点3句子副词
21.Therefore/Thus 句意为：我们拥有的自然资源是有限的。因此，我们没有理由无节制地浪费宝贵的资源。设空处前后两句之间为因果关系，设空处表示“因此；所以”,且有逗号隔开，应用副词。故填Therefore/Thus。
22.Instead 句意为：他没有回答，反而转身离开了房间。结合句意可知，此处表示“反而；却”。故填Instead。
23.Surprisingly 句意为：令人惊讶的是，她并没有对她的行为感到紧张或后悔。分析句子结构可知，此处位于句首作状语，应用副词修饰，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Surprisingly。
24.Apparently 句意为：显而易见，我们不能以貌取人。分析句子结构可知，设空处位于句首修饰整个句子，作状语，应用副词；句首单词首字母应大写。故填Apparently。
25.Luckily 句意为：幸运的是，大约几个小时后，他终于回来了，但鞋子磨破了，还眼泪汪汪的。此处位于句首，应用副词修饰整个句子。故填Luckily。
26.Unfortunately 句意为不幸的是，作决定的人与现实世界脱节。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词；由the people making the decisions are out of touch with the real world可知，此处表示“不幸的是”,应用副词unfortunately;因位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unfortunately。
27.However 句意为：这对新物种的研究和动物医学研究很有价值。然而，克隆的过程很难进行。前后两句之间为转折关系，且设空处位于句首。故填However。
28.Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Additionally 句意为：我发现老师们既耐心又体贴，而且我喜欢班里友好的气氛。前后两句之间为递进关系，根据句意可知，设空处表示“而且；除此之外”。故填Besides/Furthermore/Moreover/Additionally。
29.therefore/thus 句意为：下雨了，因此足球比赛推迟了。根据句意可知，此处表示“因此”,此处修饰and后的分句应用副词。故填therefore/thus。
30.Undoubtedly 句意为：毫无疑问，尽管这—政策仍有改进的空间，但我认为这仍然是一项好政策，对学生和国家都是利大于弊。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词；根据句意可知，此处意为“毫无疑问”,因位于句首，所以首字母应大写。故填Undoubtedly。
高考提升练
语法填空
体裁：说明文题材：介绍说明 主题：加利福尼亚淘金热
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了始于1848年的加利福尼亚淘金热。
31.whose 考查定语从句。句意为：一个名叫詹姆斯·马歇尔的人在旧金山附近的萨特磨坊发现了黄金。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A man;关系词在定语从句中作定语，表示所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。
32.to create 考查非谓语动词。句意为：但是这导致另一个人，报社记者萨姆·布兰南根据马歇尔的发现掀起了一场风暴。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语led,与设空处无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词。lead sb.to do…表示“导致某人做……”。故填to create。
33.was spread 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为：1848年5月14日，布兰南在他的报纸上发表了一篇关于发现黄金的文章，这一消息被当地人传播开来。根据时间状语on May 14th,1848可知，本句为一般过去时；主语The information为单数，与谓语spread之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填was spread。
34.employees 考查名词单复数。句意为：他的报社很快就被关闭了，因为他所有的员工都追赶淘金热，跑到山上去了。employee为可数名词，且有all of修饰，应用复数形式。故填employees。
35.dangerous 考查词性转换。句意为：1849年，超过9万人将踏上前往加利福尼亚州的危险旅程，通过陆路和海路，试图碰碰运气发现自己的黄金。此处应用形容词修饰名词journey。故填dangerous。
36.themselves 考查代词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，此处指他们自己，所以用they的反身代词themselves作for的宾语。故填themselves。
37.but 考查连词。句意为：去加利福尼亚的旅途中充满危险，不仅因为天气状况，还因为总是有生病或(遇到)野生动物的可能性。此处为固定短语not only.…but(also)…。故填but。
38.an 考查冠词。句意为：能到达加利福尼亚州本身就是一种成就。可数名词achievement在句中表示“一种成就”,表泛指，且achievement的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
39.Unluckily 考查词性转换。句意为：不幸的是，许多人一到那里，就发现财富的可获得性被夸大了。此处置于句首修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填Unluckily。
40.looking 考查非谓语动词。句意为：找金子的人太多了以至于根本找不到任何东西。本句为there be句型，people为主语，设空处应为非谓语动词，作后置定语修饰名词people;逻辑主语people与look for之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填looking。
四、名词和代词
考点1名词
1.imagination(s) 句意为：即使你只是一个没有丰富想象力的人，你也可以在脑海中立刻描绘出一幅画。空前有形容词rich修饰，且设空处作介词without的宾语，应用名词，imagination意为“想象力”时既为可数名词也为不可数名词。故填imagination(s)。
2.solutions 句意为：人们很少使用简单的解决方案，例如改变村庄周围的布局或搭建围栏。此处应用名词作主语，再结合谓语are used可知，主语应为复数形式。故填solutions。
3.permission 句意为：有可能不需要任何人的允许就能够做这件事，对此她非常兴奋。anybody's后跟名词，一起作介词without的宾语；permission意为“允许”,是不可数名词。故填permission。
4.places 句意为：最终，我们队赢得了两个第一名!根据空前的数词two可知，设空处应用复数形式，place意为“名次”,为可数名词。故填places。
5.injuries 句意为：有些体育运动可能会对身体造成伤害，年轻的运动员也会受重伤，这些伤会一直伴随他们到成年。分析句子成分可知，此处应用名词作suffer的宾语。再结合定语从句中的谓语动词follow可知，先行词应用名词复数。故填injuries。
6.importance 句意为美国国家航空航天局发言人解释了这一发现的重要性。设空处在定冠词the后，应用名词作explained的宾语，importance意为“重要性”,是不可数名词。故填importance。
7.concerns 句意为：雾霾会对人类健康造成的有害影响是一些城市的居民最关心的问题之一。此处前有top修饰，应用名词形式；结合句中的one of可知，此处应用复数形式；concern意为“关心的事”,为可数名词。故填concerns。
8.reference 句意为以上观点可能正确，也可能不正确，仅供参考。your为形容词性物主代词，其后应接名词，for reference意为“作为参考”,故填reference。
9.retirement 句意为：他退休后一直与许多老工友保持着联系。his是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词。故填retirement。
10.exposure 句意为大量暴露在蓝光下会抑制褪黑激素的产生，褪黑激素是一种诱导睡意的激素。分析句子结构并根据前文的Much可知，设空处应用名词作主语，exposure意为“暴露”,为不可数名词。故填exposure。
11.models' 句意为：为了使她的最终产品令人难以置信地自然，德拉维加仔细挑选她的模特的面孔。设空处与空后的faces之间存在所属关系，故用名词的所有格；根据faces可知，模特不止一人。故填models'。
12.mouths 句意为：在这三英尺深的浅水里，它们偶尔会用嘴叼起鹅卵石。此处应用名词作宾语，mouth为可数名词，且根据their可知，应用复数。故填mouths。
13.players 句意为：作为体育教育专业的学生，他希望成为一名体育老师，培养中国未来的足球运动员。根据语境可知，设空处应填名词player,player为可数名词，结合句意“中国未来的足球运动员”可知，此处应用复数形式。故填players。
14.responsibility 句意为：为了履行你的责任，过一种生态生活，来参加预计下周日下午3点在操场上举办的讲座吧。fulfill为及物动词，设空处前有形容词性物主代词your修饰，应用名词作宾语。故填responsibility。
15.stomachs 句意为：幼小的猴子被妈妈抱在肚子上直到16周大。根据句意可知，此处指的是很多猴子妈妈的肚子，表示复数概念。故填stomachs。
考点2代词
16.it 句意为安妮，一个来自美国奥马哈的女孩，拍摄了一段对这种艺术的反应视频，并发布到网上。设空处作posted的宾语，指代上文的a reaction video,为单数，指物，应用it。故填it。
17.their 句意为：颁奖典礼总结了“不平凡的十年”取得的成就，鼓励电影人不忘初心，勇往直前。设空处修饰空后的名词词组original aspirations,应用形容词性物主代词their作定语，表示“他们的”。故填their。
18.himself 句意为：为了给自己取暖，那位海员坐在炉火前，光着的双脚相互摩擦着。设空处作动词warm的宾语，且warm的逻辑主语为the sailor,主语和宾语指代一致时，宾语要用反身代词，因此设空处应用反身代词himself。故填himself。
19.themselves 句意为·随着世界各国领导人继续致力于监测我们这个“生病”的星球，我们需要继续采取措施去“治愈”这个世界。固定短语commit oneself to (doing) sth.意为“致力于(做)某事”。故填themselves。
20.itself 句意为：也许我以前从来没有过这种意识，因为我从来都没有足够的勇气去发现它。此处指代前文的this realization,当主语与宾语指代一致时，宾语应使用反身代词，故填itself。
21.them 句意为:学生可以通过教育部为他们设计的高考来申请他们理想的大学。此处位于介词for后作宾语，应使用宾格形式，故填them。
22.it 句意为:孩子们知道听别人谈话是不礼貌的，但这个话题吸引了他们的注意力。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语listen to other people's conversation。故填it。
23.that 句意为:当你读故事的时候,有一个令人意外的结局是再高兴不过的事了。此处替代前面提到过的不可数名词joy,应用that,即that of a surprising ending相当于the joy of a surprising ending。故填that。
知识拓展
代词it，one，that的区别
(1)it指代同名同物。
(2)one指代同名异物，one通常为泛指。
(3)that指代同名异物，表示特指。既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数。
I have lost my pencil;I'm looking for it.(it指前面的my pencil)
I have lost my pencil;I think I must buy one.（one在该句中表泛指，因为my pencil已经丢了）
The pencil you bought is cheaper than that I bought.（替代词that在该句中特指the pencil I bought，以区别The pencil you bought)
24.one 句意为:我们有适合你假期的各种各样的夏令营，所以你可以根据自己的喜好选择一个（夏令营）。此处指代同类事物中的某一个，故填one。
25.others 句意为：有些人认为延迟退休会限制年轻一代的就业机会，但其他人认为适合年轻人的工作并不是老年雇员所担任的职位。some...others...为常见句式，故应用others作分句主语，相当于other people。故填others。
26.its 句意为：据说当古希腊英雄奥德修斯20年后最终从战场上回家时，只有他的狗阿戈斯认出了他，阿戈斯在那么多年后再次看到它的主人非常开心。根据句意可知，此处指“它的”,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
27.us 句意为：当我们对一些非常私人的事情有疑问时，我们当中的许多人不会求助于父母或朋友，而是会求助于我们的电脑：我们会向谷歌提出问题。此处应用代词we的宾格作介词of的宾语。故填us。
28.mine 句意为：前几天我在广场上偶遇了我的一个好朋友，但我们没有聊太多，因为他正着急赶公共汽车。此处表示所属关系，设空处需填I的名词性物主代词mine作介词of的宾语。of mine充当friend的定语。故填mine。
29.it 句意为：不要理所当然地认为你看到的一切都是真的。take it for granted that…是固定句型，意为“认为……是理所当然”,其中it作形式宾语，that从句是真正的宾语。故填it。
30.those 句意为：一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更活跃。分析句子结构可知，设空处是限制性定语从句的先行词，设空处与上文the students是对应关系，即同类不同物的复数名词，可以用those指代，相当于the students。故填those。
高考提升练
语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：文学与艺术 主题：中国的瓷器
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的瓷器，包括它的发展、特性以及应用。
31.featuring 考查非谓语动词。句意为：瓷器，又称精美的瓷器，以其细腻的质地、讨人喜爱的色彩和精致的雕刻为特征，是通过丝绸之路传入西方世界的最好的艺术品之一。本句已有谓语has been,且与设空处之间无连接词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词形式；逻辑主语Porcelain与feature之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填featuring。
32.best 考查形容词的比较等级。句意见上一题解析。分析句子成分可知，此处为“one of the +最高级+名词复数”结构，此处表示“最好的艺术品之一”,应用形容词最高级best。故填best。
33.was found 考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意为：发现的最早的瓷器是商代用高岭土制成的，具有硬瓷釉光滑和质量稳定的普遍特点，而陶器在大多数普通人中使用得更为广泛。分析句子成分可知，主语The earliest one与谓语动词find之间构成被动关系，且本处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语The earliest one为单数，故此处也应用单数。故填was found。
34.dynasties 考查名词单复数。句意为：在后来的朝代中，由于其耐用性和光泽，瓷器迅速成为日常生活的必需品，特别是在中上层阶级。分析句子成分可知，设空处前有形容词following修饰，应用名词作介词In的宾语，且此处表示“后来的朝代”,应用复数形式。故填dynasties。
35.a 考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。此处necessity意为“必需品”,为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且necessity的发音以辅音音素开头，故设空处应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
36.especially 考查词性转换。句意见第34题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用副词作状语，修饰后面的介词短语。故填especially。
37.in 考查介词。句意为：它被制作成各种形式的物品，例如碗、杯子、茶具、花瓶、珠宝盒、乐器和盒子，以及传统医生用来感受脉搏的枕头。in the form of.….是固定短语，意为“以……的形式”。故填in。
38.it 考查代词。句意为：经过4,000多年的发展，现在它仍然是一种辉煌的艺术，吸引了成千上万的人。分析句子结构可知，设空处指代前文中提到过的Porcelain,为不可数名词，应用代词it指代，作主语。故填it。
39.which 考查定语从句。句意为：千百年来备受赞誉的江西省景德镇是瓷器之都，它一定会满足你的审美品位。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Jingdezhen,指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
40.to satisfy 考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。be certain to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“一定会做某事”。故填to satisfy。
五、冠词和介词
基础练
考点1冠词
1.a 句意为：自1990年以来，艺术家田坤一直保护着炕围画艺术，这是她的家乡宁夏回族自治区的一种独特的绘画风格。style意为“风格”,是可数名词；根据句意可知，此处泛指“一种独特的绘画风格”,应用不定冠词修饰，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
2.the 句意为：即使是最便宜的假期也需要旅行和其他额外的费用，这对许多家庭来说很难支付。此处考查最高级前冠词的用法，在形容词或副词最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the。
3.an 句意为：作为一名以色列出版商，拉维自2016年以来一直致力于将中文书籍翻译成希伯来语。分析句子结构可知，Israeli publisher是可数名词单数形式，其前无限定词修饰，应用不定冠词修饰；Israeli的发音以元音音素开头，故应用不定冠词an。故填an。
4.the 句意为：很多博主将河谷的美丽风景和他们旅行的照片上传到分享生活方式的平台上，并配文推荐人们去那里。根据句意可知，此处特指分享生活方式的平台，故应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
5.a 句意为：音乐会如此成功，以至于大家期望它能再举行一晚。success在此句中泛指一件成功的事，故其前要加不定冠词a。
6.a 句意为：她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。序数词前面加不定冠词a/an表示“再一，又一”,且third的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
7.the 句意为：就在那时，我看到他那杯已经在那儿放了十分钟的茶，没有动过。此处表示特指，指刚过去的十分钟，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
8.the 句意为更多的孩子愿意通过练习去观察和思考，这从长远来看会增加他们对世界的认知。此处考查固定短语in the long run,意为“从长远来看”。故填the。
9.an 句意为艺术教育在中国的学生学习中起着重要的作用。play an important role in...意为“在……中起着重要作用，在……里扮演着重要的角色”。故填an。
10.a 句意为整个国家都被这张照片中看上去充满青春活力的年轻的面孔深深打动，其贡献对促进农村地区的教育和脱贫有着重大的影响。此处考查固定短语make a(n)...difference to..,意为“对……有……影响”,且real的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
11.an 句意为：选择一个可替代的目的地是个好主意，以防你的首选旅游景点不能去。设空处修饰单数名词destination,泛指“一个可替代的目的地”,应用不定冠词修饰，且alternative的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。
12.an 句意为：九年前，当我开始濒危字母项目时，字母系统复兴基本上还是一个未开发的领域。此处泛指“一个未开发的领域”,应用不定冠词修饰，且unexplored的发音以元音音素开头，故此处应用不定冠词an。故填an。
13.a 句意为：尽管全国各地为年夜饭准备的食物各不相同，但饺子是中国北方大多数家庭的必备食物。此处泛指“一个必不可少的事物”,且must-have的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
14.the 句意为：接着是一个舞者踩得比通常更响的舞步声也同样传进他们耳里。固定结构the same,意为“一样的”。故填the。
15.an 句意为：自9月起，劳动课被列为中小学生学校生活的正式课程。设空处后为可数名词单数course,表示泛指，设空处应用不定冠词修饰，且official的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
考点2介词
16.under 句意为：亚洲象为中国一级保护动物，它们大部分来自云南。under... protection意为“受……保护；处于……保护下”，故填under。
17.into 句意为:根据发展时期的不同，唐诗可以分为四类，即初唐、盛唐、中唐和晚唐。be classified into.意为“被分类为……”。故填into。
18against 句意为:在辩论中,我赞成我们应该每天穿校服的观点，而露西对此表示反对。根据句意可知，此处考查固定短语be against sth.,意为“反对某事”。故填against。
19.beyond 句意为:这一整个问题他根本无法理解，所以他决定找别人帮忙。be beyond sb.意为“超出某人的理解能力”。
20.for 句意为:如果你正在寻找无条件的爱，可以考虑从当地的收容所领养一只狗，别忘了每天告诉它你爱它。search for为固定搭配，意为“寻找”。故填for。
21.to 句意为:也许在21世纪培养好奇心的真正关键是减少对我们这个时代科技工具的依赖。the key to.意为“……的关键”，为固定搭配。故填to。
22.as 句意为:周口店于1987年12月被列为世界遗产。根据空前的was listed和空后的a World Heritage Site可知，此处是指“周口店被列为世界遗产”，所以应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as
23.with 句意为：如今，随着生活成本的增加，年轻人正承受着更大程度的孤独和压力。本题考查with的复合结构，with在此处意为“随着”。故填with。
24.after 句意为：6月17日，中国人民在上海见证了第三艘航空母舰，它以东部沿海省份福建的名字命名。固定短语name...after...意为“以……给……命名”。故填after。
25.for 句意为:这位40岁的妇女曾是一名农民和家庭主妇，现在在家乡很受人钦佩，因为她在促进农产品销售方面取得了巨大的成功。结合句意可知，此处表原因，be admired for...意为“因……受人钦佩”。故填for。
26.with 句意为:他们不懈的努力最终使里克于1993年从波士顿大学毕业，获得特殊教育学位。此处后跟名词degree构成介宾短语作状语，表示“具有；带有”，应用介词with。故填with。
27.at 句意为:该活动旨在通过青少年友好交流促进中国和匈牙利关系发展。be aimed at doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“以做某事为目的；旨在做某事”。故填at。
28.in 句意为:在美国，机器人出租车的数量仍然有限。表示在某方面用in；be limited in numbers意为“数量有限”。故填in。
29.on/until/till 句意为:正是在/直到最后一天詹姆斯提出了他的想法。分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句，强调的是句子的时间状语，根据语境可知，此处可以表示具体的某一天，也可以表示直到具体的某一天，其前应用介词on/until/till。故填on/until/till。
30.Among/Of 句意为:在他在那里写的所有诗歌中，有240多首仍有人阅读。根据句意可知，此处表示“在……中”，应用介词Among/Of。故填Among/Of。
高考提升练
语法填空
体裁：说明文 题材：自然与环境 主题：绿色工程
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国将采取积极的措施，进一步推广绿色工程，扩大草地和森林面积，实现我们在应对气候变化方面的承诺。
31.measures 考查名词单复数。句意为：国家的目标是2030年前争取使CO 排放量达到峰值，2060年前实现碳中和，中国将采取积极措施，如扩大草地和森林。根据语境可知，此处不止“一个措施”,measure为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填measures。
32.at 考查介词。句意为：今后五年，中国的森林覆盖率和草地覆盖率都将达到一个更高层次。at a higher level是固定短语，意为“达到一个更高层次”。故填at。
33.greener 考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：一位官员说，“我们将进一步在全国推广一个更加绿色的项目，并鼓励全国人民种更多的树。”much修饰比较级，故设空处应用形容词green的比较级作定语。故填greener。
34.Surveyed 考查非谓语动词。句意为：根据国家林业和草原局的调查，中国大约有2.2亿公顷的森林。本句已有系动词are,且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；主语是220 million hectares of forest,与survey之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用survey的过去分词形式作状语；句首单词首字母应大写。故填Surveyed。
35.possibly 考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填possibly。
36.various 考查词性转换。句意为：这名官员说，“中国将在自然保护区建立一个保护体系，保护各种自然资源，并对危害自然的非法活动保持强硬态度。”设空处修饰名词resources,应用形容词。故填various。
37.a 考查冠词。句意见上一题解析。此处泛指“一种强硬的态度”,应用不定冠词修饰，且strong的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
38.showing 考查非谓语动词。句意为：2021年3月，政府发布的一份报告显示，2020年中国的森林碳储量约为91.8亿公吨，这实现了中国对国际社会的承诺。本句已有谓语released,且与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词；逻辑主语report与show之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填showing。
39.which 考查定语从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个主句，关系词在从句中作主语。故填which。
40.has promoted/has been promoting 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：迄今为止，中国一直在升级自己的气候管理方法，该方法强调绿色复苏。由so far可知，本句应用现在完成时；由主语China可知，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。此处也可用现在完成进行时，表示过去的动作一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去。故填has promoted/has been promoting。2026届高考英语五大知识考点训练
一、动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
基础练
用括号里所给的单词的正确形式填空。
考点 1 一般体
1.Now hunting the brown-headed spider monkey_____________(forbid)in Ecuador,a country in northwestern South America,but locals have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.
2.If a ship _____________(suspect)to be harboring the plague(鼠疫),it was sent to an offshore place to be kept in quarantine(检疫隔离期)and ordered to wait there for 40 days.
3.This company began to explore live-streaming business last December when it_________(launch)its live-streaming room on an e-commerce platform,mainly to sell agricultural products.
4.The students have been working hard on their lessons and we believe their efforts _________(reward) with success in the end.
5.The old stone bridge,which_________(date)from the Qing Dynasty,is still in use today.
6.Professor Brown is here.I __________(talk)to you about more details of the new movie after class.
考点2进行体
7.Two days before Christmas,I________(shop)in a local grocery store when I noticed a little boy admiring a toy car.
8.This time next week I___________(lie)on the beach,enjoying the sunshine.
9.The parents____________(make)changes to their previous education methods these days because they begin to be aware of the negative effects of those methods.
10.The first time I saw Jenny,she___________(talk)to some students at the English corner
11.Two knives were recovered at the scene and a property__________(search)in the Cheetham Hill area currently
12.My phone rang while I_________(see)the film My People,My Country.
13.I would have attended your birthday party last night but for the fact that it__________(rain)at that time.
考点3完成(进行)体
14.By the time they found the statue,they_________________(dig)4,500 square meters.
15.Nothing but some ancient Chinese coins_____________(find)in the sunken ship since they began the exploration.
16.As a general rule,by the age of 50,half of our hair_____________(go)gray.
17.Besides high-speed rail,China___________(improve)people's lives in many other ways over the last decade.
18.By the end of 2021,the“Digital Dunhuang”project_______________(complete)the digital collection of 268 grottoes,the image processing of 164 grottoes,and so on.
19.Some restaurants in China ___________(provide)public chopsticks and spoons for decades,but not everyone chooses to use them.
20.Mr.Smith ______________(overwork) these days.I think he should take a holiday before he is burned out.
21.It is the 22nd time in history that Chinese women's table tennis team_______(win)the honorable award—M Corbillon Cup(考比伦杯).
考点4主谓一致
22.Linda,together with her brothers,_________(spend)the holiday in Chile when the strong earth quake broke out.
23.Not everyone who goes rock climbing is as crazy as Alex.Many a person__________(do)it safely or on special indoor walls.
24.Present at the meeting yesterday____________(be)Prof.White,Prof.Smith and many other guests.
25.A quantity of soil_______________(wash)away every year.
26.During the last two years,an examination of national dietary regulations __________(conclude)that a day without breakfast is bad for our health.
27.There_________(be)typically a professional scientist or organization that works together with the community
28.In a new cartoon named Turtle Journey,Greenpeace_________(highlight)the importance of the protection of the ocean from the perspective of the turtle.
29.As a result,as the number of qubits(量子比特)____________(increase),the computing ability of quantum computers rises too.
30.In 1959,a committee____________(establish)to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the loss of cultural relics.
高考提升练
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Vertical gardening isn't new,but an example from India shows how this inventive technique is 31._________(true)changing lives.
The Mehra family from Amritsar were locally hot news last June when they showed off the vertical garden
32._______they had created at their home.The family used over 175,000 plastic bottles to create
33.________garden,fixing the bottles to the outside walls of their home and filling 34._________(they)with varieties of plants.The plants are irrigated by 35.__________(use)a simple drip system(滴灌系统)and amazingly.this has lowered the temperature of their home by nearly a cool five degrees Celsius.
The idea 36.____________(catch)on quickly.Many local schools now have green vertical gardens on their walls,and so does Punjab Agriculture University,and even Ludhiana railway station,the first station in India37.__________(adopt)this initiative.The railway notes that the plants not only cool the station,but also help absorb the noise,and seem to have a calming and antilitter effect 38._________travelers.Moreover,every vertical garden created this way 39_____________(recycle)plastic now which would otherwise be a pollutant,actively reducing local 40._____________(pollute).
二、非谓语动词
基础练
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
1._________ (suffer) from cataracts (白内障), she faces grave challenges in learning.
2.Biologists find that about three quarters of species of birds are settling in North America, ________ (account) for more than 90% of the entire bird population.
3.__________ (work) to strengthen the friendship between French and Chinese people in the past decades, he said that he was “sincerely pleased” with the honor.
4.___________ (inspire) by heroes in harm's way, many students chose to study medicine at college.
5.__________ (give) another chance, I'd absolutely do it again.
6.Numerous Chinese cultural and art treasures have been put on in many parts of the world over the past years, showcasing the fantastic Chinese civilization on the global stage and ___ (promote) cultural exchanges.
7.Superconducting quantum computers must be kept at ultracold (超冷) temperatures _____________ (insure) their materials can conduct electricity without any resistance.
8.___________ (invite) to Anne’s birthday party, Mr. Brown is now searching shop after shop for a nice present for her.
9.Many colleges and universities also use exams similar to IQ tests ____________ (select) students.
10.__________(base) on additional radiocarbon dating and comparisons with stone tools found in other Mexican sites, researchers suspected that occupation of Coxcatlan Cave occurred between 13,500 and 9,900 years ago.
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
11.Ecotourism is developing at an ____________ (increase) speed.
12.She felt sure the letter had some _____________ (hide) meaning.
13.Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments, there are many people __________ (learn) traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban.
14.One of her works features 20 people ___________ (dress) in traditional costumes with musical instruments in hand, singing and dancing in a grape garden.
15.But in an effort ____________ (give) their children everything, some parents end up not just using financial resources, but also their emotional energy.
16.Since I had several hours __________(spare), I decided to go to a movie theater to see a movie.
17.These things provide a framework for new jobs ___________ (create) next year, allowing people to help themselves so that they no longer need to depend on others.
18.The room _____________(decorate) at present is my study, where I will do my homework.
19.About ninety-six years ago, more than 30,000 soldiers, ____________(lead) by the Communist Party of China, fired the first shot against Kuomintang reactionaries in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province.
20.In recent years, she has been devotedly popularizing the traditional flower arrangement, hoping people will be familiar with the art, take pride in its centuries-old history and hold an ability ____________(appreciate) the beauty in life.
考点3 非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语和补语
21.A study indicates that ________ (keep) pets contributes to people's mental health and character building.
22._________ ( trap ) in the river for five hours makes the thief look very pale and exhausted.
23.With few of the books ____________ (survive) to the present day, the bookbinding technique was at the risk of disappearing before Zhang decided to research and bring it back to life.
24.Davis believes his most important duty is ____________(make) sure he's prepared for any situation he might come across.
25.A particularly striking case of animal suffering occurred in 2005 off the California coast, where a female whale was found ___________ (catch) in nylon ropes used by fishermen.
26.During the summer months, he had taken extra classes, and he ended up _________ (graduate) a year early.
27. You should remain ___________ (seat) until the plane has come to a complete stop.
28.I regret ____________ (tell) you that you are not fit for the position advertised in the newspaper.
29.I got caught in the traffic jam and I'm not sure how long it will take _____________(arrive) at the airport.
30.The magic of ____________ ( transform) light into sound begins with the low-frequency radio recorder.
高考提升练
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 50-minute drive northwest of downtown, Beijing, a village pops up. It 31. _________ (house) a shadow puppetry troupe (皮影戏剧团) and Beijing Long Zaitian Shadow Play Art Theater.
Shadow puppetry is seen 32. ________ the prequel (前篇) to film and animation in China. Besides performances 33. ___________ (create) by light and shadow, performers must master 34. _________ (vary) skill sets as the plays combine painting, carving, opera and literature. But due to low revenue and a small market, young people are unwilling 35. ___________ (learn) shadow puppetry.
__________, this particular troupe stands out from the crowd. The average age of its performers is only 25. Moreover, of the 300 performers 37. _________ has trained over the years, many are under 1.4 m in 38. ____________(high). In 2021, the team created Winter Olympics-themed shadow puppets. The troupe also staged different plays 39. _______________(introduce) ice and snow sports through fairy tales.
“40. _______________ (fortunate), we have these people. They have been devoted to the inheritance of shadow puppetry for over a decade,” said Wang Xi, inheritor of Beijing Western School Shadow Puppetry.
三、形容词和副词
基础练
考点1 词性转换/词形变化
1.He gave a _____________ (humor) account of their trip to Spain.
2.The weather on the river is __________ (change)—one minute is fine while the next minute will be rainy.
3.In fact, even when the weather is _________ (extreme) hot, many Chinese people prefer to have hot water.
4.When she returned, she was ___________ (surprise) to discover a handwritten note, saying that she was given a parking ticket.
5.The 2022 Paralympic medals ____________ (basic) share similar concentric-ring designs with the Olympic medals but with the Paralympic logo in the center and words "Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games"below.
6.His mother, who was ________ (willing) to pay for his education, brought him home to look after the sheep.
7.In the lab, keeping things clean and ___________(organize) can help provide a safer environment.
8.She is not an outgoing person and she doesn't let anyone know what she ____________(true) feels.
9.Even if the experiment doesn't work, we still usually learn something ___________(value) from it.
10.A total of 63 people had been killed with five people ____________(miss).
考点2 比较等级
11."It feels like the path of online novel writing is becoming much __________(wide),"the writer says.
12.The researchers said that night owls were at ___________ (high) risk of an early death than early birds (people who go to bed and get up early).
13.Created by Baidu AI Cloud, the hostess is supported by the world's __________ (large) sign language database with up to 200,000 pieces of data.
14.Scientists say Dragon Man is _____________(close) to modern-day humans than Neanderthals.
15.China's new-generation high-speed train, the Fuxing, is now one of the __________ (fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h.
16.Last year, the output of this company was twice _________(high) than that of 2019, which brought more profit to the company and the workers.
17.Looking at the busy crowd doing Christmas shopping, he has never felt __________ (sad) with no one to celebrate with.
18.It was the __________ ( tiring ) work I'd ever experienced but the most rewarding.
19.All in all, challenging yourself can make you ___________ (brave) and adapt to society better.
20.The more careful you are, the ___________ (few) mistakes you will make.
考点3 句子副词
用括号里所给的单词的正确形式填空, 无提示词填空题只填1词
21.The natural resources we have are limited. _____________ , we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limitation.
22.He didn't reply. ____________ , he turned on his heel and left the room.
23._____________ (surprise), she didn't feel nervous, or regretful about her actions.
24.____________ (apparent), we can't judge people from external appearances.
25.____________ (lucky), after what looked like a few hours, he finally came back, shoes worn out and tears welling up in his eyes.
26._____________ (fortunate), the people making the decisions are out of touch with the real world.
27.It is valuable to research on new species and to medical research on animals. _________ , the process of cloning is difficult to undertake.
28.I found the teachers patient and considerate. ___________ , I enjoyed the friendly atmosphere in the class.
29.It rained and ___________ the football match was postponed.
30._____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
高考提升练
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
We can say that the California Gold Rush began on January 24th, 1848. A man 31. _______ name was James Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's Mill, near San Francisco. But it led another man, Sam Brannan, a newspaperman 32. _________ (create) a storm about Marshall's discovery. The information 33. _______ (spread) by local people around on May 14th, 1848, when Brannan published an article in his newspaper about the gold strike. His newspaper was shut down soon because all of his 34. _________ (employee) had caught the fever and headed for the hills. In 1849, over 90,000 people would make the 35. ___________ (danger) journey to California, by land and by sea, to try their luck at discovering gold for 36. _________ (they). At most, hundreds of thousands of people would travel to California as part of the "gold rush". The journey to California was often full of danger, not only because of weather conditions, 37. ________ because there was always the possibility of illness or wild animals. Just making it to California was 38. _______ achievement itself. 39. ___________ (unlucky), once there, many people found that the availability of wealth had been overstated. There were so many people 40. _________ (look) for gold that it was difficult to find anything at all. But many of them stayed there and tried to make a living by doing other things.
四、名词和代词
基础练
考点1名词
1.Even if you are just a person without rich ____________ (imagine), you can draw a picture in your mind immediately.
2.Simple _________ (solve) are rarely used, such as changing the layout around villages or putting up fences.
3.She got really excited about the possibility of being able to do this without anybody's ___________(permit).
4.In the end, our team won two first __________ (place)!
5.Some sports can be hard on the body and young athletes suffer serious ___________ (injury) that follow them into adulthood.
6.A NASA spokesperson explained the ____________ (important) of the discovery.
7.The harmful effects that smog can have on people's health are one of the top ____________ (concern) of those who live in some cities.
8.The above views may or may not be correct. They are only for your ____________(refer).
9.He has kept up with a number of his old workmates since his ____________(retire).
10.Much ___________ (expose) to blue light suppresses (抑制) the production of melatonin(褪黑激素), a hormone that induces sleepiness.
11.To make her final products unbelievably natural, De la Vega chooses her _________ (model) faces carefully.
12.In this shallow, three-foot-deep water, they will occasionally pick up pebbles (鹅卵石) with their __________ (mouth).
13.As a physical education major, he hopes to become a PE teacher and train China’s future soccer __________ (play).
14.To fulfill your ____________ (responsible) to live an eco-life, come and join in the lecture that is expected to be given at 3 p.m. next Sunday on the playground.
15.Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' ______________ (stomach) until about 16 weeks old.
考点2 代词
用括号里所给的单词的正确形式填空, 无提示词填空题只填1词
16.Anne, a girl from Omaha, U. S. A., filmed a reaction video to the artistry and posted __________ online.
17.The ceremony summarized the achievements of the “extraordinary decade” and encouraged filmmakers to stick to ___________ (they) original aspirations (抱负) and forge ahead with courage.
18.To warm ___________ (he), the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.
19.As the world leaders continue to commit ____________ (they) to monitoring our "sick"planet, we need to continue to take steps to "heal"the world.
20.Perhaps this realization had never shown _________ (it) before, because I had never been brave enough to uncover it.
21.Students can apply to their ideal universities via the National College Entrance Examination designed for ___________ (they) by the Ministry of Education.
22.The kids knew _______ was impolite to listen to other people's conversation, but the topic captured their attention.
23.Little joy can be equal to _______ of a surprising ending when you read stories.
24.We have various summer camps for your holiday, so you can choose ________ based on your own interests.
25.Some people think putting off retirement will limit employment opportunities for the younger generation, but __________believe jobs suitable for the young are not the positions held by senior employees.
26.It is said that when ancient Greek hero Odysseus eventually returned home after 20 years away at war, only his dog Argos recognized him, who was overjoyed to see __________ (it) owner again after so many years.
27.When we have a question about something deeply personal, many of __________ (we) don't turn to a parent or a friend, but to our computers: We ask Google our questions.
28.I came across a good friend of _________ (I) in the square the other day, but we didn't talk much because he was rushing to catch the bus.
29.Don't take __________ for granted that whatever you see is true.
30.A study shows that the students who are engaged in after-school activities are more active than ______ who are not.
高考提升练
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Porcelain, also called fine china, 31. __________ (feature) its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refined sculpture, has been one of the 32. _________ (good) artworks introduced to the Western world through the Silk Road. The earliest one 33. _________ (find) made of Kaolin (高岭土) in the Shang Dynasty, and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel (瓷釉), while pottery (陶器) was more widely used among most of the ordinary people. Anyway it was the beginning. In the following 34. _________ (dynasty), due to its durability and shine, porcelain rapidly became35.________ necessity of daily life, 36. __________ (special) in the middle and upper class. It was made 37.______ the form of all kinds of items, such as bowls, cups, tea sets, vases, jewel cases, musical instruments and boxes, as well as pillows for traditional doctors to feel one's pulse.
Through the development of over 4,000 years, now 38. _______ is still a brilliant kind of art that attracts thousands of people. The Porcelain Capital, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province, 39. _________ has been praised for thousands of years, will be certain 40. ___________ (satisfy) your appetite for beauty.
五、冠词和介词
基础练
考点1 冠词
根据考试要求,无提示词填空题只填1词
1.Since 1990, Artist Tian Kun has been preserving the art of kangweihua, _______ unique style of painting from her hometown in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region.
2.Even _______ cheapest holidays require travel and other additional costs that are difficult for many families to cover.
3.As _______ Israeli publisher, Lavi has devoted himself to translating Chinese books into Hebrew since 2016.
4.Many bloggers posted pictures of the valley's beautiful scenery and their trips on ______ lifestyle-sharing platforms with captions recommending that people go there.
5.The concert was such _______ success that it was expected to run for the second night.
6.She didn't like the colors of the two bags and asked for _______ third one.
7.Just then I saw his cup of tea which had been lying there for _______ last ten minutes, untouched.
8.More kids will be willing to observe and think through practicing, which will add to their recognition of the world in _______ long run.
9.Art education is playing _______ important role in students' learning in China.
10.The whole nation is deeply touched by the fresh-looking young face in the picture, whose contributions make _______ real difference to promoting education and fighting poverty in rural areas.
11.It's a good idea to choose _______ alternative destination, in case your first-choice tourist spot isn't available.
12.Nine years ago, when I started the Endangered Alphabets Project, script revival was essentially ______ unexplored field.
13.Although the foods prepared for the New Year's feast vary throughout the country, the dumpling is ______ must have for most families in northern China.
14.And next a more than usual loud tread from a dancer came ________ same way.
15.Since September, labor class has been listed as ________ official course in the school lives of primary and middle school students.
考点2 介词
根据考试要求,无提示词填空题只填1词
16.Asian elephants are ______ A-level state protection in China, where they are mostly found in Yunnan.
17.Depending upon the period of its development, poetry dating from the Tang Dynasty can be classified _______ four groups, namely the early Tang Dynasty, the Flourishing Tang, the Mid-Tang and the late Tang Dynasty.
18.During the debate, I was for the view that we should wear school uniform every day while Lucy was ____ it.
19.The whole problem was quite ______ him, so he decided to turn to someone else.
20.If you're searching _______ unconditional love, consider adopting a dog from your local shelter and don't forget to tell it daily that you love it.
21.Perhaps the real key _______ developing curiosity in the 21st century is to rely less on tech tools of our age.
22.Zhoukoudian was listed _______ a World Heritage Site in December 1987.
23.Nowadays, ______ the cost of living rising, young people are suffering from greater loneliness and pressure.
24.Chinese people witnessed the third aircraft carrier on June 17 in Shanghai, naming it _____ the eastern coastal province of Fujian.
25.The 40-year-old woman, who used to be a farmer and housewife, is now admired in her hometown _____ her great success in boosting sales of farm produce.
26.Their tireless efforts eventually led to Rick graduating from Boston University _______ a degree in Special Education in 1993.
27.It was aimed _______ boosting China-Hungary ties through friendly exchanges between teenagers.
28.In the United States, robotaxi offerings remain limited _______ numbers.
29.It was _______ the very last day that James came up with his idea.
30._________all the poems he wrote there, more than 240 are still read.
高考提升练
语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With the country's goal of trying to make carbon dioxide emissions (排放量) reach the highest point before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality (碳中和) before 2060, active 31. __________ (measure) will be taken by China, such as expanding grassland and forests. In the next five years, forest coverage and grassland in China will be 32. ________ a higher level.
“ We will further promote a much 33. ___________ (green) project in the whole country and encourage people nationwide to plant more trees, ” an official said. 34. ____________ (survey) by the National Forestry and Grassland Administration (国家林业和草原局), there are 35. ____________ (possible) 220 million hectares of forest in China. “ China will build a conservation system on its nature reserves, protecting 36. ________ (variety) natural resources, and keep 37. ________ strong attitude toward illegal activities that will harm nature, ” the official said.
In March, 2021 the administration released a report 38.___________ (show) that forest carbon storage in China was about 9.18 billion metric tons in 2020, 39.________achieved the country's commitment (承诺) to the international community.
China 40. _____________ (promote) its own approach to climate governance that highlights green recovery so far. The forestry department will play to our advantage and strengthen our commitment to climate change.

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