中考英语(广东专用)复习语法九简单句&并列句课件(共40张PPT)

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中考英语(广东专用)复习语法九简单句&并列句课件(共40张PPT)

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(共40张PPT)
语法九 简单句&并列句
句子成分
考情导读

一、主语(Subject)
内容要点
作用 句子中动作的执行者或物,或被描述的对象
位置 用在句首,放在谓语之前
组成部分 名词、代词、数词、动词的-ing形式(短语)、动词不定式(短语)或从句等
举例 Lucy is a beautiful nurse.(名词)露西是一位漂亮的护士。
Smoking is harmful to our health.(动词的-ing形式)吸烟对我们的健康有害。
To swim in this swimming pool is a great pleasure.(动词不定式短语)
在这个游泳池里游泳是极大的乐事。
What we should do is not decided yet.(主语从句)我们应该做什么尚未决定。
二、谓语(Predicate)
作用 对主语的行为或状态加以陈述
位置 放在主语之后
组成部分 实义动词、动词短语、情态动词+动词原形、系动词+表语、助动词+动词原形、助动词+过去分词等
举例 We study hard.(实义动词)我们努力学习。
He can speak English.(情态动词+动词原形)他会讲英语。
三、宾语(Object)
作用 动作的对象或者承受者
位置 一般放在动词或者介词之后
组成部分 名词、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词的-ing形式(短语)或从句等
举例 She is doing her homework now.(名词)她正在做家庭作业。
We often help him.(代词)我们经常帮助他。
She said (that)she was ill.(宾语从句)她说她病了。
四、宾语补足语(Object Complement)
作用 用来对宾语加以补充说明,和宾语一起构成复合宾语
位置 放在宾语之后
组成部分 名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)或动词的-ing形式(短语)等
举例 They make her happy.(形容词)他们使她快乐。
Please let him in.(副词)请让他进来。
I see her dance.(省略to的不定式)我看见她跳舞。
五、表语(Predicative)
作用 用来说明主语的性质、身份、品性、特征或状态
位置 放在系动词之后
组成部分 名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式(短语)、动词的-ing形式(短语)、介词短语或从句等
举例 She was the first to know it.(数词)她是第一个知道它的人。
He is always happy.(形容词)他总是开心的。
The sun is up.(副词)太阳升起来了。
John’s hobby is collecting stamps.(动词的-ing形式短语)约翰的爱好是收集邮票。
六、定语(Attributive)
作用 对名词、代词进行限定或修饰
位置 一般放在所修饰的成分之前,动词不定式(短语)、动词的-ing形式短语、动词-ed形式短语或者从句则放在所修饰成分之后
组成部分 形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动词的-ing形式(短语)、动词的-ed形式(短语)或从句等
举例 Mary is a friendly partner.(形容词)玛丽是一位友好的搭档。
They make paper flowers.(名词)他们折纸花。
七、状语(Adverbial)
作用 表示动作的时间、地点、方式、原因等,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子
位置 在句子的前、中、后均可;修饰形容词或者副词时,常放在其前;修饰动词时,放在其前或后均可
组成部分 副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、动词的-ing形式(短语)、动词的-ed形式(短语)或从句等
举例 She goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)她在周日外出购物。
I’m glad to see you.(动词不定式短语)见到你很高兴。
八、同位语(Appositive)
作用 对另一个名词(短语)或代词进行解释或补充说明
位置 同位语充当语法成分时,必须与主体词保持一致,并常常紧挨在一起
组成部分 名词(短语)、动词的-ing形式(短语)、形容词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)或从句等
举例 We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.(名词短语)我们中国人是勇敢勤劳的。
People,old and young,went to the streets to watch the parade.(形容词短语)
老年人与年轻人去街上看游行。
指出下列句子中加粗部分的句子成分
1.The students got on the school bus. _______________
2.My brother wants to be a great scientist in the future. _____________
3.I shall answer your question after class._______________
4.Ms Zhao wasn’t satisfied with the dresses online. ______________
5.Parents should encourage their kids to do sports regularly. __________
追踪练习
主语;定语
宾语
谓语;状语
表语
宾语补足语
简单句
考情导读

一、基本结构
1.五种基本句型
(1)主谓句型(S V)
结构:主语+谓语.
特点:谓语为不及物动词,无须接宾语即可表达完整意思
The sun rises. 太阳升起。
内容要点
(2)主系表句型(S V P)
结构:主语+系动词+表语.
特点:系动词(be,look,seem等)连接主语与表语,描述状态或特征
She looks happy. 她看起来很开心。
(3)主谓宾句型(S V O)
结构:主语+谓语+宾语.
特点:谓语为及物动词,其后直接带宾语
She reads a book. 她读一本书。
(4)主谓间宾直宾句型(S V IO DO).
结构:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语.
特点:间接宾语(受影响的事或人)和直接宾语(动作的承受者)同时存在
I gave her a gift. 我给了她一个礼物。
(5)主谓宾宾补句型(S V O C)
结构:主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语.
特点:宾语后需补充说明身份、状态或动作结果等
He made me angry. 他让我生气。
2.存现句(There be句型)
结构:There is/are/was/were+名词(短语)(+地点).
特点:遵循就近一致原则,即谓语的人称和数与靠近它的名词(短语)保持一致
There is a ruler, two pens and five books in the schoolbag.
书包里有一把尺子、两支钢笔和五本书。
二、分类
1.陈述句
陈述客观事实或表明说话人的主观态度、观点及看法,分为肯定句和否定句。
类别 构成 举例
肯定句 主语+谓语+其他. She is listening to the teacher now.她现在正在听老师讲话。
否定句 主语+be动词+not+其他. This shirt isn’t big enough.这件衬衣不够大。
①主语+助动词(do/does/did…)+not+动词原形+其他.
②主语+助动词(have/has/had…)+not+过去分词+其他. He doesn’t like playing basketball.他不喜欢打篮球。
I haven’t heard from him lately.我最近没有收到他的来信。
主语+情态动词+not+动词原形+其他. She can’t speak English fluently.她不能流利地说英语。
2.疑问句
疑问句主要有四类,即一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。由于课标(2022年版)对“反意疑问句”没有提出要求,本书仅介绍前三种:
(1)一般疑问句
一般疑问句是在句子中用提问的方式提供一些信息,要求对方用Yes或No回答的疑问句。
在答语中通常重复疑问句里的be动词、助动词或情态动词,如aren’t, doesn’t, can’t等。
类别 构成 举例




句 Be动词+主语+其他? —Is this your pencil?这是你的铅笔吗?
—Yes,it is./ No,it isn’t.是的,它是。/不,它不是。
①助动词(Do/Does/Did…)+主语+动词原形+其他?
②助动词(Have/Has/Had…)+主语+过去分词+其他? —Do you have a soccer ball?你有一个足球吗?
—Yes,I do./ No,I don’t.是的,我有。/不,我没有。
—Have you finished your homework?你做完家庭作业了吗?
—Yes,I have./ No,I haven’t.是的,我做完了。/不,我没做完。
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉他吗?
—Yes,I can./ No,I can’t.是的,我会。/不,我不会。
(2)特殊疑问句
类别 构成 举例




句 对主语或主语的定语提问:
疑问词(作主语或主语的定语)+谓语+其他? Who can help me?谁能帮帮我?
Whose bike is broken?谁的自行车坏了?
对其他成分提问:
疑问词(不作主语或主语的定语)+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他? What is your name?你叫什么名字?
How do you know?你怎么知道的?
Where are you from?你来自哪里?
When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候?
Why do you like it?你为什么喜欢它?
(3)选择疑问句
类别 构成 举例




句 一般疑问句+A or B/A,B or C? —Do you like to go shopping or stay at home when you are free?
在你空闲时,你喜欢去购物还是待在家里呢?
—I like to stay at home.我喜欢待在家里。
特殊疑问句+A or B/A,B or C? —Which do you prefer,the red one or the blue one?
你更喜欢哪一款,红色的还是蓝色的?
—Neither. The purple one is my favorite.
两款我都不喜欢。紫色那款是我的最爱。
3.祈使句
类别 构成 举例
肯定
句 Be型:Be+表语(+其他)! Be quiet!安静!
Do型:动词原形(+其他)! Come on time!准时过来!
Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他)! Let’s go!我们走吧!
否定
句 No型:No+名词/动词的-ing形式! No parking!禁止停车!
Don’t/Never+动词原形(+其他)! Don’t eat in class!
不要在课堂上吃东西!
Let型:Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他)! Let’s not argue about it.
咱们别为这事争论了。
4.感叹句
(1)what引导的感叹句
构成 举例
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语+其他)! What a happy song(it is)!多么欢快的一首歌啊!
What an unusual journey we have!
我们拥有了一次多么不同寻常的旅行啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语+其他)! What happy songs(they are)!多么欢快的歌曲啊!
What delicious food(it is)!多么美味的食物啊!
(2)how引导的感叹句
构成 举例
How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语+其他)! How delicious(the food is)!
(这些食物)多么美味啊!
How fast(he runs)!(他跑得)真快啊!
How+主语+谓语(+其他)! How time flies!时光飞逝!
How I missed you then!
那时,我多么想念你啊!
请通读下面对话,根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A: Hi, Joe. We are preparing the report about dream jobs. 1. .
B: Yes, I have.
A: What do you want to be in the future?
B: 2. And I’m going to teach children Chinese.
A: Oh, you always get along well with children. That will be a good job for you.
追踪练习
D
A
B: You’re right. 3. What about you?
A: I want to work as a doctor.
B: 4. .
A: Because I want to learn how to keep healthy and help the sick.
B: That’s great! 5. .
A: OK.
E
C
F
A.I want to be a teacher.
B.Don’t worry.
C.Why do you want to be a doctor?
D.Have you finished it?
E.I love to stay with children.
F.Let’s study hard to achieve our dreams.
并列句
考情导读

一、基本结构
并列句是由并列连词将两个或两个以上具有平等关系的简单句连接起来的句子。
二、分类
并列连词表示词、短语、句子之间的并列关系,分为并列、转折、因果和选择四类。
内容要点
分类 并列连词 举例
并列 and,both…and…,not only…but(also)…,neither…nor… He said goodbye and stepped down the steps.
他说了声再见,便走下了台阶。
I can speak both Chinese and English.我既会说中文也会说英语。
转折 but,yet,while,or I called him just now,but he didn’t answer.
我刚才给他打了电话,但他没有接。
分类 并列连词 举例
因果 for,so She went to bed early,for she was too tired.
她很早就上床睡觉了,因为她太累了。
I felt very tired,so I went to bed early.
我觉得很累,所以我很早就上床睡觉了。
选择 or,either…or…,not…but… You can choose a popular cartoon character,or you can make up your own one.
你可以选择一个流行的卡通人物,或者你可以自己编造一个。
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空
Hi, Tim!
How’s everything going? Thanks for your email! I am really pleased, 1. you can come to our beach party. We’re going to have it next Saturday 2. it will begin at about six o’clock.
追踪练习
and for but or so
for
and
My dad will make a fire 3. we can cook some food on it! 4. we’d better not play with fire.
By the way, I’ll bring some tableware(餐具) for the party. Do you prefer a pair of chopsticks 5. a knife and fork? You can tell me so that I can prepare for you. I’m sure we’ll have a nice day together!
See you!
Yours,
Linda
so/and
But
or
一、语法选择
Hi, Teng Fei!
(2025山东枣庄改编) 1  time flies! Up to now, we have known each other for three years. Although I don’t express my thanks to you, I have kept them in my heart for a long time.
( )1.A.What B.What a C.How
C
I  2  a lot in the past three years because of your help. At first, I  3  good at long-distance running. I didn’t know how to deal with this problem. I was so worried that I wanted to give up. However, you offered to help me. From then on, I ran round and round with you in the playground every afternoon. After running day by day, I improved quickly on long-distance running. Whenever I had math problems, I asked for help. You helped me solve them  4  I got better grades in math.
( )2.A.have changed B.change C.am changing
( )3.A.am not B.isn’t C.wasn’t
( )4.A.or B.but C.and
A
C
C
I  5  have made such great progress without your help. Many thanks to you.
Yours,
Fu Xing
( )5.A.would B.would not C.will
B
二、短文填空,有两词为多余选项
(2024广东改编)There is a shopping mall near Peter’s home. At weekends, he watches exciting movies with his friends, 1. takes his little brother to the play center there. He buys his grandparents
2. presents when he visits them. 3. , he takes one hour’s bus ride to museums and zoos in another town. When he has saved enough money, Peter goes to the bookstores to buy great books
4. donates them to children in need. His mother is satisfied
and but think or small why sometimes
or
small
Sometimes
and
with how he spends his money. She 5. it is a smart choice to give Peter pocket money. “This habit can help Peter manage money well,” she says.
thinks

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