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语法二　形容词&副词
形容词&副词的分类
考情导读
一
一、形容词的分类
　　根据构成形式，形容词可以分为简单形容词和复合形容词。
内容要点
分类 定义 组成形式 举例
简单
形容词 由一个
词构成 / daily日常的　good好的　
angry生气的
happy幸福的　easy容易的　impossible不可能的
分类 定义 组成形式 举例
复合
形容词 由多个词共
同组成并起
到形容词的
作用　　　 形容词-名词（+-ed） absent-minded心不在焉的good-natured
性情温和的
warm-hearted热心肠的　cold-blooded
冷血的
形容词-形容词 red-hot炽热的　deaf-mute又聋又哑的
形容词-动词的
-ing形式 easy-going随和的　good-looking好看的
形容词-过去分词 new-born新生的
副词-动词的-ing形式 hard-working勤奋的
分类 定义 组成形式 举例
复合
形容词 由多个词共
同组成并起
到形容词的
作用　　　 副词-过去分词 low-paid工资低的　well-informed见多识广的
名词-形容词 snow-white雪白的　duty-free免关税的
名词-动词的-ing形式 trouble-making捣乱的
名词-过去分词 heart-broken极度伤心的　man-made人造的
数词-名词（单数）-形容词；数词-名词（单数） 45-year-old 45岁的　500-word 500词的
second-hand旧的；二手的
二、副词的分类
　　根据意义及句法功能，副词通常可以分为时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、频度副词和疑问副词。
分类 用法 举例
时间副词 表示动作发生的时间 now现在　lately近来　soon不久　yesterday昨天
地点副词 表示动作发生的地点或方向 here在这里　outside在外边　home到家
方式副词 描述动作发生、存在的方式 fast快速地　safely安全地　carefully仔细地
分类 用法 举例
程度副词 描述行为、动作或状态的程度 rather相当　quite相当　almost几乎　very非常
频度副词 描述一定时间内动作发生的次数或频繁程度 often经常　seldom极少　sometimes有时
疑问副词 用来引导特殊疑问句 when什么时候　why为什么　where在哪里
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，有两词为多余选项
（2025 山东枣庄改编）From an early age， I began to like Chinese culture a lot. When there was a chance to study in Beijing as an exchange student， I took it at once. In my first 24 hours in Beijing， I felt 1. . nervous. I didn’t see one foreigner. But on my first day of school， I was greeted by many 2. faces. The students came from all over the world. I would be in a class with Chelsea from Norway and Charlie from my motherland—the UK.
追踪练习
even　simple　very　quick　still　funny　foreign
very
foreign
None of us had studied Chinese before， but our language skills improved 3. . By the end of the first month， we could all make 4. sentences. Some of these sentences， though， were quite 5. . We often sent our language teacher Sophie into wild laughter. We had a happy time together.
quickly
simple
funny
形容词&副词的常用句法功能
考情导读
二
一、形容词的常用句法功能
内容要点
功能 位置 举例
作表语 放在系动词后 She is very friendly.她很友好。
作定语 放在名词前（前置定语） The clever boy is my elder brother.那个聪明的男孩是我的哥哥。
不定代词后（后置定语） Let’s have something delicious.让我们吃点美味的东西吧。
功能 位置 举例
作宾语
补足语 放在宾语后，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用 We should keep the classroom clean and tidy every day.
我们应该每天保持教室干净整洁。
作状语 位于句首、句中或句末 Dressed in white，the lady came into the doctor’s office.
这位穿着白色衣服的女士走进医生的办公室。
Lin Tao，glad to accept the suggestion，nodded in agreement.
林涛很乐意接受这个建议，所以他就点头同意了。
All the climbers arrived home safe and sound.
所有登山者都安全无恙地到家了。
二、副词的常用句法功能
功能 作用 举例
作状语 修饰动词 Mary sings very beautifully.玛丽唱歌很美妙。
修饰形容词或副词 The food here is really delicious.这里的食物真的很美味。
He drew pretty well.他画得相当好。
修饰句子 Luckily，a policeman saw him and helped him.
幸运的是，一个警察看见并帮助了他。
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，有两词为多余选项
（2025 重庆改编）Li Liang has always been interested in science since childhood. He’s good at solving problems in daily life. It is his dream to make people’s lives better.One night when he was 11， he watched the news on TV with his parents. He heard that there were 1. . chemicals（化学物质） left in the vegetables people ate in a village nearby. Parents and kids were 2. about their food safety. He couldn’t sleep that night because he kept thinking about the kids of his
追踪练习
fast　hard　worry　final　harm　sudden　safe
harmful
worried
age who didn’t have 3. vegetables. He decided to do something to help. He spent over a year in researching and testing. 4. ， a tool was invented by him. It could show results 5. ， so people would know whether the food was safe. Now， as a college student， he gives public talks and holds science workshops to share his research methods. Through his hard work， more and more students are following in his footsteps.
safe
Finally
fast
部分形容词&副词的用法总结
考情导读
三
一、以-ing和-ed结尾的形容词的用法
内容要点
分类 形容词 用法 举例
以-ing
结尾 surprising，interesting，boring，exciting，pleasing，frightening，moving，tiring，worrying等 在句子中作定语或表语：
（1）常用于修饰事物，指事物对人的影响；
（2）有时也可用于修饰人 But sometimes it’s tiring to finish all my work.
但有时候要做完我所有的工作很累。
The story had a satisfying ending.
这故事有一个令人满意的结局。
She is an interesting person.
她是一个有趣的人。
分类 形容词 用法 举例
以-ed
结尾 surprised，interested，bored，excited，pleased，frightened，moved，tired，worried等 指人对事物的感受，在句子中常作表语，其主语一般是人 He was worried about his son.
他为他的儿子担忧。
She looked surprised when I told her.
我告诉她时她看起来很惊讶。
She was frightened of making mistakes.
她害怕犯错误。
二、形容词变副词的规则
规则 举例
一般情况下在形容词词尾加-ly sad→sadly　careful→carefully
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ly lucky→luckily　happy→happily
以“辅音字母+le”结尾的，去e再加-y terrible→terribly　simple→simply
其他变化 true→truly　full→fully
Tips：
某些名词或动词+-ly也可以变成形容词。例如：friend→friendly， love→lovely， live→lively。
三、同根副词意义比较
　　有些副词具有两种形式，一种是和形容词同形，还有一种是由该形容词加后缀-ly构成。初中阶段出现的这两种副词在意思上的区别如下表所示：
副词 举例
词义
相近/
相同 near在附近；几乎　nearly几乎 She opened the door wide so that the room was brighter.
她把门打得很开，以便房间更明亮。
English is widely used in the world.
英语在世界上被广泛使用。
deep深深地　deeply深刻地
wide充分张开地（空间宽度）　widely广泛地
副词 举例
词义
不同 hard努力地　hardly几乎不 He works hard for a better life.
他为了更好的生活而努力工作。
She hardly ever calls me.她几乎从不给我打电话。
just正好　justly公正地
late迟　lately最近
四、与形容词相关的部分常见句型
1.It is+adj.（for/of sb.）+to do sth.
It is necessary to tell him about this thing. 把这件事告诉他是有必要的。
It is very nice of you to lead the way for us. 你能给我们带路，真是太好了。
2.find/think/feel/make it+adj.+to do sth.
I found it hard to climb to the top of the mountain. 我发现爬上山顶是艰难的。
3.too+adj.（for sb.）+to do sth.
She is too weak to walk farther. 她太虚弱了，不能再走了。
4.so+adj.+that从句或such （+a/an+adj.）+n.+that从句
The song is so popular that everyone can sing it. 这首歌如此流行，以至于人人都会唱。
It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk. 那是一个如此晴朗的日子，我们出去散步了。
五、副词的其他句法功能
1.作定语。少数地点副词或时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。
The people here are very friendly. 这里的人很友好。
2.作表语。大多表示主语的方位、方向、动作或状态等。
My father will be back in a day. 我父亲一天后会回来。
3.作主语补足语或宾语补足语。主要说明主语或宾语所处的位置、状态、性质、特征等。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away. 每天一苹果，医生远离我。
六、不定副词
不定副词 含义 举例
somewhere 意为“某个地方；某处”，常用于肯定句中 I’ve seen him somewhere before.
我以前在某个地方见过他。
anywhere 意为“某个地方；任何地方”，常用于否定句或疑问句中，有时也可用于肯定句中 I can’t see it anywhere.我哪儿也见不到它。
Do you want to go anywhere this evening？
今天晚上你想去什么地方吗？
You can sit anywhere you like.
你可以坐在任何你喜欢的地方。
不定副词 含义 举例
nowhere 意为“任何地方都不”，相当于not…anywhere This kind of forest exists nowhere else in the world.
这种森林在世界上其他任何地方都不存在。
everywhere 意为“到处；处处”，相当于here and there I’ve looked for the map everywhere，but I can’t find it.
我到处找地图，但就是找不到它。
七、enough的用法
词性 结构 举例
形容词 enough+名词 We have enough time to finish the work.
我们有足够的时间完成这项工作。
副词 形容词/副词/动词+enough The book is easy enough for you to read.这本书对你来说很容易读。
He spoke loudly enough for everyone to hear.
他说话的声音足够大，每个人都能听到。
You don’t practice enough at the piano.你钢琴练习得不够。
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，有两词为多余选项
（2025甘肃兰州改编）One morning， I planned to go to a park by subway. When I walked into the station， I was 1. to find it was so clean and modern. In the park， I saw many people doing Tai Chi， jogging and dancing 2. . Everyone 3. was enjoying themselves. At noon， I felt 4. and hungry. Some
追踪练习
still　tire　safe　back　surprise　therefore　online　share　already　however　happy　there
surprised
happily
there
tired
useful apps made it convenient for me to live here. So I ordered food 5. . You know what？ It was a drone（无人机） that delivered my lunch！ High technology has 6. been a part of Chinese daily life. In the afternoon， I rode a 7. electric scooter（电动车） around the city and wanted to choose some gifts. 8. ， when I was going to pay， I found I had left my bag on the scooter. So I went 9. to look for it at once. It was 10. there！ That’s amazing！
online
already
shared
However
back
still
形容词&副词的原级、比较级和最高级
考情导读
四
一、形容词&副词的比较级和最高级的变化规则
1.规则变化
内容要点
构成方法 举例
单音节词一般加-er或-est fast→faster→fastest　small→smaller→smallest
young→younger→youngest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词，加-r或-st late→later→latest　nice→nicer→nicest　large→larger→largest
构成方法 举例
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-er或-est fat→fatter→fattest　big→bigger→biggest
thin→thinner→thinnest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先把y变为i，再加-er或-est easy→easier→easiest　early→earlier→earliest
happy→happier→happiest
构成方法 举例
多音节词、adj.+-ly构成的副词、以-ing/-ed结尾的部分双音节词，在原级前加more或most beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful
quickly→more quickly→most quickly
interesting→more interesting→most interesting
tired→more tired→most tired
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
ill/bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
old older/elder oldest/eldest
far farther/further farthest/furthest
二、形容词&副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法
级别 用法 举例
原
级 （1）表示“A与B在某方面一样”：A+谓语+as+原级+as+B；
（2）表示“A在某方面程度不及B”：A+谓语+not as/so+原级+as+B；
（3）表示“A是B的几倍”：A+谓语+倍数+as+原级+as+B This book is as good as that one.
这本书和那本书一样好。
This book isn’t as/so good as that one.
这本书没有那本书好。
Their room is twice as big as ours.
他们的房间是我们的两倍大。
级别 用法 举例
比
较
级 （1）用于两者之间的比较，其结构为：主语+谓语+比较级+than+比较对象。比较级前可用a little，a bit，a lot，much，even，far等词修饰；
（2）表示“越……越……”：the+比较级（+主语+谓语），the+比较级（+主语+谓语）；
（3）表示“越来越……”：比较级+and+比较级，more and more+原级 Peter studies much harder than Tom.
彼得学习比汤姆勤奋得多。
The more you exercise，the healthier you will be.
你锻炼得越多，身体就会越健康。
Our city will become more and more beautiful，and our country will become stronger and stronger.
我们的城市会变得越来越美丽，而且我们的国家会变得越来越强大。
级别 用法 举例
最
高
级 （1）用于三者或三者以上的比较，其结构为：主语+谓语+the+形容词或副词的最高级+比较范围（含有介词短语in/among/of all…）；
（2）表示“最……之一”：one of+the+形容词的最高级+可数名词复数；
（3）表示“第几最……”：the+序数词+形容词的最高级+名词+其他；
（4）表示“是某人见过/听过/读过最……”：the+最高级+（that）sb.have/has/had ever seen/heard/read Among all the subjects，I like English best.在所有的学科中，我最喜欢英语。
He is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
他是我们的学校里最受欢迎的老师之一。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国的第二长河。
You are the bravest girl（that）I have ever seen.
你是我见过最勇敢的女孩。
Tips：
（1）“比较级+than+any （other）+可数名词单数”相当于最高级。例如：
Chongqing Central Park is larger than any other city park in Asia.重庆中央公园比亚洲的其他城市公园都大。
=Chongqing Central Park is the largest city park in Asia. 重庆中央公园是亚洲最大的城市公园。
（2）that/those用来做比较对象时，指代前面提到过的名词，其后常带有后置定语。例如：
The population of China is larger than that of America.中国的人口比美国的人口多。
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
（2025广东改编）Without doubt， something must be done. Experts call on governments， businesses and people to work together before it is too 1. （late）. It seems that China has set a 2. （good） example. Thanks to cooperation at many levels， China had the 3. . （big） increase in the forest area among all countries in 2024. That year alone， newly planted trees in China covered an area of 4. （near） 45，000 square kilometers， according to a news report. If 5. . （many） countries start to take action like China， the earth will become a greener planet.
追踪练习
late
good
biggest
nearly
more
一、语法选择
（2025 四川广安改编）Lily was famous for her beautiful dances in her class. When the students were practicing together， she only paid attention to her own dance skills. On the day of the selection（选拔）， Lily put on her 　1　 dance dress she’d ever had and tried her best. She just wanted to show off her skills. She thought that nobody was 　2　 than her.
（ ）1.A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful
（ ）2.A.good B.better C.the best
C
B
A few days later， the 　3　 list of the dance team came out. When Lily saw it， she didn’t find her name on it. She asked her teacher Ms Wang 　4　 her name wasn’t on the list. Ms Wang answered her 　5　 but seriously， “Lily， you are really good at dancing. But you just pay attention to your own dance. We need all the dancers to work as a team.” On hearing this， her face turned red.
（ ）3.A.finally B.finals C.final
（ ）4.A.why B.when C.how
（ ）5.A.kindly B.kindness C.kind
C
A
A
二、完形填空
（2025 北京改编）The New Year party was usually held at my aunt’s house. My 　1　 part was the apple cake. At the age of 11， I first found out that my grandfather， who was 　2　 in the kitchen， was the master behind it. I was greatly surprised. And I thought that this was the 　3　 chance to get the recipe（制作方法） and that I could actually have a time to connect with him.
（ ）1.A.favorite B.small C.annoying D.awful
（ ）2.A.always B.finally C.especially D.never
（ ）3.A.happy B.wide C.perfect D.useful
A
D
C
Since then， I would go to my aunt’s 　4　 on the morning of New Year’s Day， and we’d make the cake together happily. I was 　5　 that Grandpa could peel an apple in one rind. And we’d mix everything and put it into the oven. Once the cake was done， the house would immediately smell like apples.
（ ）4.A.slowly B.early C.simply D.luckily
（ ）5.A.angry B.afraid C.grateful D.amazed
B
D

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