资源简介

Unit 1　Our living planet 综合测试
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Weekend trips in Europe can be a truly magical experience, from the sunny beaches of Greece to the rolling hills of Italy. The following destinations are places that are easily accessible and offer incredible experiences that you’ll always remember.
Hallstatt, Austria
Hallstatt, famous for its alpine houses, crystal clear waters, and snow-capped mountains, is among Earth’s most picturesque destinations. Activities include exploring salt mines and ancient churches, taking a boat trip on Lake Hallstatt and visiting the nearby Dachstein Ice Cave, promising unforgettable experiences.
Paris, France
Paris, with its iconic Eiffel Tower, winding streets, and charming cafes, is a top destination for couples seeking an unforgettable weekend. Whether they are going to explore the City of Light or snuggle up in its gardens, Paris promises endless romance and cherished memories. For a weekend of the European romance and adventure, look no further than Paris!
Zakynthos, Greece
Zakynthos, also called Zante, is famous as one of Europe’s most breathtaking islands, boasting white beaches, unspoiled nature, and crystal clear blue waters. It’s a top choice for a relaxing weekend break, offering activities like boat trips to the Blue Caves and exploring local pubs.
Florence, Italy
Florence’s breathtaking architecture, rich history, and Mediterranean climate make it ideal for a weekend getaway in Europe. Its small size allows you to explore extensively in just two days. Don’t miss the chance to learn to make gelato, pasta and pizza in a Florence cooking class, especially if you’re a food enthusiast.
1. Where can you enjoy the boat trip （ ）
A. In Hallstatt and Paris.
B. In Zakynthos and Florence.
C. In Hallstatt and Zakynthos.
D. In Paris and Florence.
2. Why is Florence considered an ideal city for a weekend trip （ ）
A. For its salt mines and ancient churches.
B. For its architecture, history, and climate.
C. For its famous Blue Caves and relaxing atmosphere.
D. For its large size and vast exploration opportunities.
3. Where is the text probably taken from （ ）
A. A travel guide.
B. An educational novel.
C. A science fiction novel.
D. A research paper.
B
Standing on the observation platform of the Jawa 7 coal-fired Power Plant in Indonesia, one enjoys a good view of the lush and vibrant mangrove forest(红树林), where numerous seabirds play and mate. It is difficult to associate this idyllic scene with the image of a traditional power plant, with black smoke engulfing(吞没) the surroundings. And yet it’s just the truth as this is one of the most efficient, stable and environmentally friendly power plants in Indonesia, co-built by Chinese and Indonesian constructors under the framework of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
“The project placed significant emphasis on environmental protection during construc-tion and operation, resulting in the creation of this wetland landscape where people and nature coexist in harmony,” Zhao Zhigang, head of the plant’s developer PT Shenhua Guohua Power Jawa Bali, said.
By now, a series of measures have been put into action by the government to safeguard the rare mangrove forest from harm, including the planning of mangrove ecological protection zones, the reintroduction of dominant mangrove tree species, the installation of mangrove protection signage, and the appointment of dedicated personnel to oversee mangrove preservation in various regions.
Chinese contractors also take the initiative to seek cooperation with local mangrove conservation agencies, and spend more than 200,000 yuan a year on mangrove protection. Zhao mentioned that throughout the construc-tion period, any large construction machinery had to follow alternative routes to circumvent the mangrove forest.
The coal conveying system employs a green and environmentally friendly enclosed conveyor belt, significantly reducing coal dust emissions. Additionally, the power plant adopts new generation low-nitrogen burners, and seawater desulfurization processes(脱硫工艺), achieving an overall desulfurization efficiency of up to 99.65 percent, significantly higher than local standards. The company has also left room for further optimization(优化) of emission standards.
“The PLTU adopts ultra-supercritical technology which is environmentally friendly and allows higher energy conversion efficiency compared to the previous PLTU conventional technology,” the Indonesian Energy Ministry spokesman Dadan Kusdiana stated in a press release.
4. Why does the author mention the mangrove forest in Paragraph 1 （ ）
A. To picture an idyllic scene in Indonesia.
B. To show the biodiversity of the forest.
C. To emphasize the importance of the forest.
D. To introduce the green power plant.
5. To protect the mangrove forest, the government has taken the following measures except 　　　　. （ ）
A. setting up protection zones
B. introducing new tree species
C. installing protection signs
D. overseeing mangrove preservation
6. What does the underlined word “circumvent” in Paragraph 4 mean （ ）
A. Avoid. B. Damage.
C. Protect. D. Approach.
7. What can be inferred about Chinese contractors’ efforts from the passage （ ）
A. They have to provide funds for mangrove protection.
B. They make efforts to reduce coal dust emissions.
C. They adopt international standard desulfurization processes.
D. They have optimized their emission standards.
C
A handful of healthy soil could contain a large number of living organisms. However, poisonous pesticides(杀虫剂) are causing harm and destruction to them, according to an analysis.
For the analysis, researchers looked through nearly 400 published studies including over 2,800 experiments on how pesticides affect soil organisms. They found that pesticides harmed organisms critical to maintaining healthy soils, but the harm has never been considered in the safety reviews of the EPA(Environmental Protection Agency). Poisonous pesticides are the driving factor in the sharp decline of many soil organisms, such as ground beetles. They have been identified as the most significant driver of soil biodiversity loss in the last ten years.
However, that research has always been ignored. The EPA, which is responsible for pesticide oversight(失察) in the US, openly acknowledges that somewhere between 50 and 100 percent of all agriculturally applied pesticides end up on the soil. Yet, to assess pesticides’ harm to soil species, the agency just uses a single test species, the European honeybee, to estimate risk to all soil organisms. It spends its entire life above ground in artificial boxes.
Worse still, as soil health gains in popularity globally, pesticide companies have jumped on the bandwagon to greenwash and promote their products. Every major company is now advertising its role in improving soil health, such as advocating planting cover crops. Generally speaking, these practices are indeed good for soil health and, if adopted responsibly, are great steps to take. But companies know that these practices are often accompanied by increased pesticide use. Chemicals and pesticides have to be applied more frequently to kill weeds before crops are planted.
The long-term environmental cost can no longer be overlooked. Soils are some of the most complex ecosystems on the Earth, containing nearly a quarter of the planet’s biodiversity. Protecting them should be a priority, not an afterthought.
8. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2 （ ）
A. Soil organisms.
B. Ground beetles.
C. Artificial boxes.
D. Poisonous pesticides.
9. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. The European honeybee is a typical species living in the soil. （ ）
B. The EPA’s assessment of pesticides’ harm is one-sided.
C. Less than half of the applied pesticides go to the soil eventually.
D. The EPA attaches great importance to pesticide inspection.
10. Why do pesticide companies advocate planting cover crops （ ）
A. To obey the EPA’s rules.
B. To increase their product sales.
C. To protect the environment.
D. To shoulder their social responsibility.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text （ ）
A. Soil: essential to agriculture
B. Pesticides: harmful to soil health
C. Organisms: significant for the harvest
D. Pollution: destructive to biodiversity
D
The Earth’s ozone layer(臭氧层) is on its way to recovering, thanks to decades of work to get rid of ozone-damaging chemicals, a panel of international experts backed by the United Nations has found.
The ozone layer serves an important function for living things on the Earth. This shield in the stratosphere(平流层) protects humans and the environment from harmful levels of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
The international community was alarmed after experts discovered a hole in the ozone layer in May 1985. Scientists had previously discovered that chemicals, used for manufacturing certain sprays and used as refrigerants(制冷剂), could destroy ozone. Two years after the discovery of the dreadful state of the ozone layer, international bodies adopted a global agreement called the Montreal Protocol. This phased out almost 100 man-made chemicals that were tied to the destruction of the all-important ozone.
In the latest report on the progress of the Montreal Protocol, the UN-backed panel confirmed that nearly 99% of banned ozone-eating substances had been phased out. If current policies stay in place, the ozone layer is expected to recover to 1980 values by around 2066 over the Antarctic, by 2045 over the Arctic and by 2040 for the rest of the world, according to the United Nations.
The destruction of the ozone layer is not a major cause of climate change. But research shows that these efforts to save the ozone layer are proving beneficial in the fight against climate change. “Ozone action is a pioneer of climate action,” said World Meteorological Organization Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. “Our success in phasing out ozone-eating chemicals shows us that what can and must be done—as a matter of urgency—to shift away from fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gases and so limit temperature increase.”
12. Why did the international community start to protect the ozone layer （ ）
A. Because the Montreal Protocol was signed.
B. Because chemicals could destroy the ozone layer.
C. Because a hole in the ozone layer was discovered.
D. Because the stratosphere is harmful to human health.
13. Which of the following cannot help protect the ozone layer （ ）
A. Using less hair-setting spray.
B. Increasing refrigerant production.
C. Minimizing the use of air conditioners providing cold air.
D. Phasing out ozone-consuming substances.
14. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4 （ ）
A. The Montreal Protocol has taken effect.
B. The ozone layer will fully recover by 2040.
C. The Montreal Protocol needs to be improved.
D. The ozone layer protection has almost been done.
15. What can be inferred from Petteri Taalas’ words （ ）
A. Climate action has led to the ozone action.
B. The destruction of the ozone layer didn’t cause climate change.
C. It’s an urgency to reduce the use of ozone-eating chemicals.
D. Ozone protection guides our future efforts in climate action.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. Actually, we often overestimate our own abilities.
B. They all have incompetence they don’t recognize.
C. In short, people are often caught in inaccurate self-perception.
D. They clearly know that there’s a lot they don’t know.
E. This effect explains why people display imaginary superiority.
F. Knowing how competent we are is more than a self-confidence boost.
G. But those knowledge gaps also prevent them from catching their errors.
Are you as good at things as you think you are How good are you at managing money Are you better-than-average at grammar Psychological research suggests that we’re not very good at evaluating ourselves accurately. 16. 　 　 This phenomenon is called the Dunning-Kruger effect.
17. 　 　 On average, people tend to rate themselves better than most in health, leadership skills, and beyond. What’s particu-larly interesting is that those with the least ability often overrate their skills to the greatest extent.
When psychologists Dunning and Kruger first described the effect in 1999, they argued that people lacking knowledge and skill in particular areas suffer a double curse(祸根). They make mistakes and reach poor decisions.18. 　 　 In other words, poor performers lack the knowledge needed to recognize how badly they’re doing.
The effect shows people usually do admit their weaknesses once they can spot them. This may be why people with average knowledge or skill often have less confidence in their abilities. 19. 　 　　
Meanwhile, experts tend to be aware of just how knowledgeable they are. But they often make a different mistake: they assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.20. 　 　 When they’re unskilled, they can’t see their own faults. When they’re extremely competent, they don’t perceive how unusual their abilities are.
So what can we do First, ask for feedback from others. Second, keep learning. The more knowledgeable we become, the less likely we are to have invisible holes in our competence.
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the couple had to close their business, they 　21　 almost everything. With no work, home, car or food, and their young son, Henrique, 　22　 with his grandmother, they 　23　 to survive. They spent nights on the floor at the railway station and 　24　 found beds in a shelter.
A housing program called Vila Reencontro 　25　 them to look through a list of potential homes 　26　 to rent, so they could choose what would be the best fit 　27　 their family. After seeing several 　28　, they decided to go with what they are now in.
And they were provided with other opportunities, including 　29　 medical care and finding jobs. Lee Sousa was offered a 　30　 in the city’s sanitation department(卫生部门)—which he still has today. The housing program will 　31　 their rent for the next two years.
Their son is able to live with them again. And he has been doing exceptionally well at school, never wanting to 　32　 a day. Every morning he spends time 　33　 his hair, making sure the curls(卷发) are just right, 　34　 his mom walks him to school.
Having their own 　35　, the family are getting their life back on track.
（ ） 21. A. lost B. desired C. pursued D. discussed
（ ） 22. A. parked B. teamed C. placed D. connected
（ ） 23. A. parted B. managed C. struggled D. promised
（ ） 24. A. occasionally B. unexpectedly C. purposefully D. suddenly
（ ） 25. A. persuaded B. required C. reminded D. allowed
（ ） 26. A. available B. expensive C. convenient D. comfortable
（ ） 27. A. with B. for C. in D. from
（ ） 28. A. clients B. applicants C. programs D. options
（ ） 29. A. reforming B. accessing C. performing D. offering
（ ） 30. A. gift B. contract C. post D. bonus
（ ） 31. A. keep B. increase C. collect D. pay
（ ） 32. A. miss B. celebrate C. spend D. save
（ ） 33. A. observing B. cutting C. coloring D. doing
（ ） 34. A. once B. while C. before D. since
（ ） 35. A. privacy B. space C. time D. business
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese folding fan, a symbol of elegance, has established itself deep in the national spirit. Generally, a folding fan is shaped like part of a circle 36. 　 　 made of a thin material such as paper. Its ribs are often made of bamboo. One thing fan-makers always look for is the 37. 　 　(nature) layer of the white substance that coats the plant. The substance protects the plant 38. 　 pests, giving it a smooth quality long admired by fan-makers.
Artists from ancient China often painted wind-swept bamboo plants, 39. 　 　(inspire) by their unbreakability and 40. 　 　(flexible). By the time the folding fan became popular in the country in the 14th century, bamboo 41. 　 　(enter) the Chinese visual and literary images. Literati(文人) culture had a major influence on Chinese art-making. Only with an understanding of that can one begin to see the Chinese folding fan not only as something 42. 　 　(drive) away the summer heat, but also as 43. 　 real work of art which could show the standing of its carriers.
Fan ribs are essential parts of a fan. For many years in the 20th century, they had been thrown away by antique dealers 44. 　 　 would only keep the painted fan surface. That situation has 45. 　 　(complete) changed over the past decades.
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
为了迎接世界骑行日,上周日你校开展了主题为“骑向绿色未来”的城市绿道骑行活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:1. 活动目的;2. 活动内容;3. 活动反响。
注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:世界骑行日 World Cycling Day;城市绿道 the urban greenway
Cycling to a greener future
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A helping hand makes a difference!
I lived in a small town and I had three best friends, Danny, Mia, and Ruby. We loved to play together after school and our favorite pastime was flying colorful kites in the open field near the large oak tree(橡树).
One sunny Saturday, we met up to play. We all had our kites ready, beautifully decorated with bright colors and patterns. The wind was just right, so it was a perfect day to let our kites soar. After a while, we decided to have a competition—who could fly the kite the highest. The field echoed(回响) with our joyful laughter as we each took turns, our eyes gleaming with anticipation.
However, as I let my kite fly high up into the sky, a gust of wind blew it off course. It got tangled(使缠结) in the branches of the large oak tree that stood tall in the field. I was disappointed but determined. I decided to climb the tree to rescue my kite. My friends looked at me nervously as I started my climb, the tree towering over them.
As I climbed higher and higher, the others watched with bated breath(屏住呼吸). They were worried but also a little excited. After all, it was quite an adventure to see me climbing so high. Suddenly, I felt something wrong. I was stuck! The branch I was standing on was slippery and I couldn’t seem to move. My friends looked at me with wide, scared eyes. They didn’t know how to help me. They just shouted words of encouragement, hoping I could manage it.
I tried my best to move, but I was scared and my heart was pounding hard. Suddenly, I lost my footing and fell! My friends gasped in shock. Fortunately, I didn’t fall from a high height, but it was enough to hurt my legs badly. I cried out in pain. Mia and Ruby quickly ran over to me while Danny ran to look for an adult. I was sobbing, my arm throbbing(抽痛) with pain.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
　Soon Danny returned with several adults.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2:
Finally, there came an ambulance. __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
Unit 1　Our living planet 素能综合测评
第一部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Weekend trips in Europe can be a truly magical experience, from the sunny beaches of Greece to the rolling hills of Italy. The following destinations are places that are easily accessible and offer incredible experiences that you’ll always remember.
Hallstatt, Austria
Hallstatt, famous for its alpine houses, crystal clear waters, and snow-capped mountains, is among Earth’s most picturesque destinations. Activities include exploring salt mines and ancient churches, taking a boat trip on Lake Hallstatt and visiting the nearby Dachstein Ice Cave, promising unforgettable experiences.
Paris, France
Paris, with its iconic Eiffel Tower, winding streets, and charming cafes, is a top destination for couples seeking an unforgettable weekend. Whether they are going to explore the City of Light or snuggle up in its gardens, Paris promises endless romance and cherished memories. For a weekend of the European romance and adventure, look no further than Paris!
Zakynthos, Greece
Zakynthos, also called Zante, is famous as one of Europe’s most breathtaking islands, boasting white beaches, unspoiled nature, and crystal clear blue waters. It’s a top choice for a relaxing weekend break, offering activities like boat trips to the Blue Caves and exploring local pubs.
Florence, Italy
Florence’s breathtaking architecture, rich history, and Mediterranean climate make it ideal for a weekend getaway in Europe. Its small size allows you to explore extensively in just two days. Don’t miss the chance to learn to make gelato, pasta and pizza in a Florence cooking class, especially if you’re a food enthusiast.
1. Where can you enjoy the boat trip C
A. In Hallstatt and Paris.
B. In Zakynthos and Florence.
C. In Hallstatt and Zakynthos.
D. In Paris and Florence.
2. Why is Florence considered an ideal city for a weekend trip B
A. For its salt mines and ancient churches.
B. For its architecture, history, and climate.
C. For its famous Blue Caves and relaxing atmosphere.
D. For its large size and vast exploration opportunities.
3. Where is the text probably taken from A
A. A travel guide.
B. An educational novel.
C. A science fiction novel.
D. A research paper.
B
Standing on the observation platform of the Jawa 7 coal-fired Power Plant in Indonesia, one enjoys a good view of the lush and vibrant mangrove forest(红树林), where numerous seabirds play and mate. It is difficult to associate this idyllic scene with the image of a traditional power plant, with black smoke engulfing(吞没) the surroundings. And yet it’s just the truth as this is one of the most efficient, stable and environmentally friendly power plants in Indonesia, co-built by Chinese and Indonesian constructors under the framework of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
“The project placed significant emphasis on environmental protection during construc-tion and operation, resulting in the creation of this wetland landscape where people and nature coexist in harmony,” Zhao Zhigang, head of the plant’s developer PT Shenhua Guohua Power Jawa Bali, said.
By now, a series of measures have been put into action by the government to safeguard the rare mangrove forest from harm, including the planning of mangrove ecological protection zones, the reintroduction of dominant mangrove tree species, the installation of mangrove protection signage, and the appointment of dedicated personnel to oversee mangrove preservation in various regions.
Chinese contractors also take the initiative to seek cooperation with local mangrove conservation agencies, and spend more than 200,000 yuan a year on mangrove protection. Zhao mentioned that throughout the construc-tion period, any large construction machinery had to follow alternative routes to circumvent the mangrove forest.
The coal conveying system employs a green and environmentally friendly enclosed conveyor belt, significantly reducing coal dust emissions. Additionally, the power plant adopts new generation low-nitrogen burners, and seawater desulfurization processes(脱硫工艺), achieving an overall desulfurization efficiency of up to 99.65 percent, significantly higher than local standards. The company has also left room for further optimization(优化) of emission standards.
“The PLTU adopts ultra-supercritical technology which is environmentally friendly and allows higher energy conversion efficiency compared to the previous PLTU conventional technology,” the Indonesian Energy Ministry spokesman Dadan Kusdiana stated in a press release.
4. Why does the author mention the mangrove forest in Paragraph 1 D
A. To picture an idyllic scene in Indonesia.
B. To show the biodiversity of the forest.
C. To emphasize the importance of the forest.
D. To introduce the green power plant.
5. To protect the mangrove forest, the government has taken the following measures except 　　　　. B
A. setting up protection zones
B. introducing new tree species
C. installing protection signs
D. overseeing mangrove preservation
6. What does the underlined word “circumvent” in Paragraph 4 mean A
A. Avoid. B. Damage.
C. Protect. D. Approach.
7. What can be inferred about Chinese contractors’ efforts from the passage B
A. They have to provide funds for mangrove protection.
B. They make efforts to reduce coal dust emissions.
C. They adopt international standard desulfurization processes.
D. They have optimized their emission standards.
C
A handful of healthy soil could contain a large number of living organisms. However, poisonous pesticides(杀虫剂) are causing harm and destruction to them, according to an analysis.
For the analysis, researchers looked through nearly 400 published studies including over 2,800 experiments on how pesticides affect soil organisms. They found that pesticides harmed organisms critical to maintaining healthy soils, but the harm has never been considered in the safety reviews of the EPA(Environmental Protection Agency). Poisonous pesticides are the driving factor in the sharp decline of many soil organisms, such as ground beetles. They have been identified as the most significant driver of soil biodiversity loss in the last ten years.
However, that research has always been ignored. The EPA, which is responsible for pesticide oversight(失察) in the US, openly acknowledges that somewhere between 50 and 100 percent of all agriculturally applied pesticides end up on the soil. Yet, to assess pesticides’ harm to soil species, the agency just uses a single test species, the European honeybee, to estimate risk to all soil organisms. It spends its entire life above ground in artificial boxes.
Worse still, as soil health gains in popularity globally, pesticide companies have jumped on the bandwagon to greenwash and promote their products. Every major company is now advertising its role in improving soil health, such as advocating planting cover crops. Generally speaking, these practices are indeed good for soil health and, if adopted responsibly, are great steps to take. But companies know that these practices are often accompanied by increased pesticide use. Chemicals and pesticides have to be applied more frequently to kill weeds before crops are planted.
The long-term environmental cost can no longer be overlooked. Soils are some of the most complex ecosystems on the Earth, containing nearly a quarter of the planet’s biodiversity. Protecting them should be a priority, not an afterthought.
8. What does the underlined word “They” refer to in Paragraph 2 D
A. Soil organisms.
B. Ground beetles.
C. Artificial boxes.
D. Poisonous pesticides.
9. What can we learn from Paragraph 3
A. The European honeybee is a typical species living in the soil. B
B. The EPA’s assessment of pesticides’ harm is one-sided.
C. Less than half of the applied pesticides go to the soil eventually.
D. The EPA attaches great importance to pesticide inspection.
10. Why do pesticide companies advocate planting cover crops B
A. To obey the EPA’s rules.
B. To increase their product sales.
C. To protect the environment.
D. To shoulder their social responsibility.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text B
A. Soil: essential to agriculture
B. Pesticides: harmful to soil health
C. Organisms: significant for the harvest
D. Pollution: destructive to biodiversity
D
The Earth’s ozone layer(臭氧层) is on its way to recovering, thanks to decades of work to get rid of ozone-damaging chemicals, a panel of international experts backed by the United Nations has found.
The ozone layer serves an important function for living things on the Earth. This shield in the stratosphere(平流层) protects humans and the environment from harmful levels of the sun’s ultraviolet radiation.
The international community was alarmed after experts discovered a hole in the ozone layer in May 1985. Scientists had previously discovered that chemicals, used for manufacturing certain sprays and used as refrigerants(制冷剂), could destroy ozone. Two years after the discovery of the dreadful state of the ozone layer, international bodies adopted a global agreement called the Montreal Protocol. This phased out almost 100 man-made chemicals that were tied to the destruction of the all-important ozone.
In the latest report on the progress of the Montreal Protocol, the UN-backed panel confirmed that nearly 99% of banned ozone-eating substances had been phased out. If current policies stay in place, the ozone layer is expected to recover to 1980 values by around 2066 over the Antarctic, by 2045 over the Arctic and by 2040 for the rest of the world, according to the United Nations.
The destruction of the ozone layer is not a major cause of climate change. But research shows that these efforts to save the ozone layer are proving beneficial in the fight against climate change. “Ozone action is a pioneer of climate action,” said World Meteorological Organization Secretary-General Petteri Taalas. “Our success in phasing out ozone-eating chemicals shows us that what can and must be done—as a matter of urgency—to shift away from fossil fuels, reduce greenhouse gases and so limit temperature increase.”
12. Why did the international community start to protect the ozone layer C
A. Because the Montreal Protocol was signed.
B. Because chemicals could destroy the ozone layer.
C. Because a hole in the ozone layer was discovered.
D. Because the stratosphere is harmful to human health.
13. Which of the following cannot help protect the ozone layer B
A. Using less hair-setting spray.
B. Increasing refrigerant production.
C. Minimizing the use of air conditioners providing cold air.
D. Phasing out ozone-consuming substances.
14. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 4 A
A. The Montreal Protocol has taken effect.
B. The ozone layer will fully recover by 2040.
C. The Montreal Protocol needs to be improved.
D. The ozone layer protection has almost been done.
15. What can be inferred from Petteri Taalas’ words D
A. Climate action has led to the ozone action.
B. The destruction of the ozone layer didn’t cause climate change.
C. It’s an urgency to reduce the use of ozone-eating chemicals.
D. Ozone protection guides our future efforts in climate action.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A. Actually, we often overestimate our own abilities.
B. They all have incompetence they don’t recognize.
C. In short, people are often caught in inaccurate self-perception.
D. They clearly know that there’s a lot they don’t know.
E. This effect explains why people display imaginary superiority.
F. Knowing how competent we are is more than a self-confidence boost.
G. But those knowledge gaps also prevent them from catching their errors.
Are you as good at things as you think you are How good are you at managing money Are you better-than-average at grammar Psychological research suggests that we’re not very good at evaluating ourselves accurately. 16. 　A　 This phenomenon is called the Dunning-Kruger effect.
17. 　E　 On average, people tend to rate themselves better than most in health, leadership skills, and beyond. What’s particu-larly interesting is that those with the least ability often overrate their skills to the greatest extent.
When psychologists Dunning and Kruger first described the effect in 1999, they argued that people lacking knowledge and skill in particular areas suffer a double curse(祸根). They make mistakes and reach poor decisions.18. 　G　 In other words, poor performers lack the knowledge needed to recognize how badly they’re doing.
The effect shows people usually do admit their weaknesses once they can spot them. This may be why people with average knowledge or skill often have less confidence in their abilities. 19. 　D　　
Meanwhile, experts tend to be aware of just how knowledgeable they are. But they often make a different mistake: they assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.20. 　C　 When they’re unskilled, they can’t see their own faults. When they’re extremely competent, they don’t perceive how unusual their abilities are.
So what can we do First, ask for feedback from others. Second, keep learning. The more knowledgeable we become, the less likely we are to have invisible holes in our competence.
第二部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When the couple had to close their business, they 　21　 almost everything. With no work, home, car or food, and their young son, Henrique, 　22　 with his grandmother, they 　23　 to survive. They spent nights on the floor at the railway station and 　24　 found beds in a shelter.
A housing program called Vila Reencontro 　25　 them to look through a list of potential homes 　26　 to rent, so they could choose what would be the best fit 　27　 their family. After seeing several 　28　, they decided to go with what they are now in.
And they were provided with other opportunities, including 　29　 medical care and finding jobs. Lee Sousa was offered a 　30　 in the city’s sanitation department(卫生部门)—which he still has today. The housing program will 　31　 their rent for the next two years.
Their son is able to live with them again. And he has been doing exceptionally well at school, never wanting to 　32　 a day. Every morning he spends time 　33　 his hair, making sure the curls(卷发) are just right, 　34　 his mom walks him to school.
Having their own 　35　, the family are getting their life back on track.
A 21. A. lost B. desired C. pursued D. discussed
C 22. A. parked B. teamed C. placed D. connected
C 23. A. parted B. managed C. struggled D. promised
A 24. A. occasionally B. unexpectedly C. purposefully D. suddenly
D 25. A. persuaded B. required C. reminded D. allowed
A 26. A. available B. expensive C. convenient D. comfortable
B 27. A. with B. for C. in D. from
D 28. A. clients B. applicants C. programs D. options
B 29. A. reforming B. accessing C. performing D. offering
C 30. A. gift B. contract C. post D. bonus
D 31. A. keep B. increase C. collect D. pay
A 32. A. miss B. celebrate C. spend D. save
D 33. A. observing B. cutting C. coloring D. doing
C 34. A. once B. while C. before D. since
B 35. A. privacy B. space C. time D. business
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese folding fan, a symbol of elegance, has established itself deep in the national spirit. Generally, a folding fan is shaped like part of a circle 36. 　and　 made of a thin material such as paper. Its ribs are often made of bamboo. One thing fan-makers always look for is the 37. 　natural　(nature) layer of the white substance that coats the plant. The substance protects the plant 38. 　from/against　 pests, giving it a smooth quality long admired by fan-makers.
Artists from ancient China often painted wind-swept bamboo plants, 39. 　inspired　(inspire) by their unbreakability and 40. 　flexibility　(flexible). By the time the folding fan became popular in the country in the 14th century, bamboo 41. 　had entered　(enter) the Chinese visual and literary images. Literati(文人) culture had a major influence on Chinese art-making. Only with an understanding of that can one begin to see the Chinese folding fan not only as something 42. 　to drive　(drive) away the summer heat, but also as 43. 　a　 real work of art which could show the standing of its carriers.
Fan ribs are essential parts of a fan. For many years in the 20th century, they had been thrown away by antique dealers 44. 　who/that　 would only keep the painted fan surface. That situation has 45. 　completely　(complete) changed over the past decades.
第三部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
为了迎接世界骑行日,上周日你校开展了主题为“骑向绿色未来”的城市绿道骑行活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括:1. 活动目的;2. 活动内容;3. 活动反响。
注意:1. 词数80左右;2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:世界骑行日 World Cycling Day;城市绿道 the urban greenway
Cycling to a greener future
Last Sunday, our school organized a cycling activity along the urban greenway with the theme—Cycling to a greener future—to celebrate World Cycling Day.
The aim of this activity was to promote a low-carbon lifestyle and raise students’ awareness of environmental protection. A large number of students actively participated. They cycled in groups, enjoying the beautiful natural scenery along the way and breathing the fresh air. During the ride, they also stopped from time to time to pick up garbage and put up posters to call on people to protect the environment.
This activity was widely praised by all the participants. It not only enhanced students’ physical fitness and teamwork spirit but also made them more determined to contribute to building a greener future.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A helping hand makes a difference!
I lived in a small town and I had three best friends, Danny, Mia, and Ruby. We loved to play together after school and our favorite pastime was flying colorful kites in the open field near the large oak tree(橡树).
One sunny Saturday, we met up to play. We all had our kites ready, beautifully decorated with bright colors and patterns. The wind was just right, so it was a perfect day to let our kites soar. After a while, we decided to have a competition—who could fly the kite the highest. The field echoed(回响) with our joyful laughter as we each took turns, our eyes gleaming with anticipation.
However, as I let my kite fly high up into the sky, a gust of wind blew it off course. It got tangled(使缠结) in the branches of the large oak tree that stood tall in the field. I was disappointed but determined. I decided to climb the tree to rescue my kite. My friends looked at me nervously as I started my climb, the tree towering over them.
As I climbed higher and higher, the others watched with bated breath(屏住呼吸). They were worried but also a little excited. After all, it was quite an adventure to see me climbing so high. Suddenly, I felt something wrong. I was stuck! The branch I was standing on was slippery and I couldn’t seem to move. My friends looked at me with wide, scared eyes. They didn’t know how to help me. They just shouted words of encouragement, hoping I could manage it.
I tried my best to move, but I was scared and my heart was pounding hard. Suddenly, I lost my footing and fell! My friends gasped in shock. Fortunately, I didn’t fall from a high height, but it was enough to hurt my legs badly. I cried out in pain. Mia and Ruby quickly ran over to me while Danny ran to look for an adult. I was sobbing, my arm throbbing(抽痛) with pain.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
　Soon Danny returned with several adults.
Their faces were etched with concern as they hurried over to me. One of them, a middle-aged man, gently examined my legs. “They might be broken,” he said softly. “We must call an ambulance to take the poor child to hospital right now.” They calmed and comforted me, waiting for the ambulance. Meanwhile, my friends huddled around me and whispered encouraging words to me. At that moment, I felt a warm current welling up in my heart, my leg pain seeming to get less intense.
Paragraph 2:
Finally, there came an ambulance. After assessing my injury quickly, the medical staff put me onto a stretcher and then I was rushed to hospital. As the ambulance drove away, I caught a glimpse of my friends through the rear window, their faces being a mixture of relief and worry. After the doctors’ timely treatment, I was getting better. Without the help of these strangers and friends, I would have been in a more serious situation. Thinking of this, I was overwhelmed by a wave of gratitude.　

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