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玉燕中学 2024 级高二下学期素养测试 4
英语试卷
（考试时间 120 分钟，满分 120 分）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The following 4 famous paintings — from Jan van Eyck’s portrait to Pablo Picasso’s masterpiece — have stood the test of time.
The Amolfini Portrait
Jan van Eyck’s Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434, in which a
man and a woman hold hands with a window behind him and a bed behind her, is undoubtedly
one of the masterpieces in the National Gallery, London. This painting is as visually interesting as it is famed. It is also an informative document on fifteenth-century society, through van Eyck’s
heavy use of symbolism — while husbands went out to engage in business, wives concerned themselves with domestic duties.
The Starry Night
Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas (帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village, during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint–Remy-de-Provence, France between 1889 and 1890. When the Museum of Modem Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it has since become one of van Gogh’s most famous works.
The Harvesters
The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It describes the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and
September. Nicolaes Jonghelinck, a merchant banker and art collector from Antwerp,
commissioned this painting. The painting has been at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City since 1919.
Guernica
Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937. The title ‘Guernica’ refers to the city that was bombed by Nazi planes
during the Spanish Civil War. The painting depicts the horrors ofwar and as a result, has come to be an anti-war symbol and a reminder of the tragedies of war. Today, the painting is housed at the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofia in Madrid.
1 ．Which of the following paintings was produced earliest
A ．Guernica. B ．The Harvesters.
C ．The Starry Night. D ．The Amolfini Portrait.
2 ．Who created the painting describing the harvest seasons
A ．Pieter Bruegel the Elder. B ．Vincent van Gogh.
C ．Jan van Eyck. D ．Pablo Picasso.
3 ．What do we know about the painting The Starry Night
A ．It was painted on wood in oils. B ．It described the painter’s life in hospital.
C ．It wasn’t widely recognized before 1941. D ．It was given away to the museum by a collector.
B
Yesterday, a salesman called me by phone, on behalf of a telecom company, to sell his phone plans. I was at work and I usually didn’t like telemarketing (电话销售), so I excused myself that I couldn’t talk yet and said he could call me back one hour later, at 6:00 p.m.
That’s what he did. So we talked for 15 minutes. He explained to me his different phone
plans, which he stated to be better than my current one. While listening to him, sometimes I was lost in my thoughts and I gave several “hmm hmm” as a sign of agreement to convince him that I was still there. Sometimes, I felt a bit impatient, especially as he had difficulty in correctly talking in French. But I stayed calm and polite until the end of the discussion.
At the end of the conversation, he revealed (袒露) the following to me: “Thank you, Linda. You are the first person in a long time with whom I had an enjoyable conversation. Usually,
people shout at us, speak to us rudely, and treat us as thieves. Today, since 10:00 a.m., I hadn’t had a conversation without an offense. I know you had a long day at work and you could have
relaxed in front of your TV. Instead, you listened carefully to me. I sincerely thank you. I wanted to tell it to you.”
I thanked him for this revelation. I realized how much he could have been the subject of
verbal violence, all through his working days. Unfortunately, the telephone enables the customers to have such aggressive behavior. Indeed, physical barriers do not exist in this situation and a kind of dehumanization (非人性化) seems to happen. I am also conscious that those people getting
impatient could have been me. Yet, he was only doing his job and he shouldn’t have suffered from the violence.
4 ．Why did the author let the salesman call back later
A ．She meant to refuse him at once.
B ．She showed interest in his phone plans.
C ．She hoped for more about telemarketing.
D ．She wanted to use the way to discourage him.
5 ．How can we describe the author during the 15-minute talk
A ．Patient. B ．Careful.
C ．Kind of absent-minded. D ．Obviously impolite.
6 ．What did the salesman intend to express in Paragraph 3
A ．His deep apology. B ．His true appreciation.
C ．His anger at misunderstanding. D ．His sufferings in telemarketing.
7 ．What does the underlined part “verbal violence” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A ．Unkind spoken words. B ．Physical barriers.
C ．Salesmen’s impatience. D ．Customers’ Humanization.
C
Our solar system is peppered with large rocks, called asteroids. If a big asteroid strikes
Earth, there are many possible outcomes. The space rock could drop into the ocean and not harm anyone. Or it could wipe out a city. People have a hard time understanding the chances of an
asteroid strike. So a research team calculated the likelihood and compared it with other events — with some surprising results.
“A large or medium asteroid hitting Earth would be noticed worldwide,” says Carrie
Nugent, a planetary scientist at Olin College. While killer asteroids have hit before, such as the
one that finished off the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, Nugent says a similar situation is not
expected to occur in the future. “We try to put this event, which is actually a preventable event, in context with other preventable events,” she adds.
Using a computer program, Nugent and her team modeled a group of asteroids similar to
real near-Earth objects (NEOs). They fed them into a program called JPL Horizons. Anyone can
use that program to look up predicted locations for objects in the solar system. For this project, her team determined whether each modeled asteroid would cross paths with Earth.
That allowed the team to estimate the frequency of asteroids bigger than 140 meters across, which is around the size of a large ship, Nugent says. An asteroid of this size would hit Earth
roughly every 11,000 years.
However, that number is still hard to understand. So Nugent compared the chances of an asteroid hitting Earth with other events that people may experience as follows.
One-In-X Chance Event Happens to an Individual, or the Planet, Over a Human Lifetime
Books and movies often describe asteroid run-ins as unstoppable events. “The truth is
actually entirely the opposite,” she says. NASA’s DART Mission in 2022 hit an asteroid that
wasn’t in danger of hitting Earth. The test changed the asteroid’s path. This showed that people
might be able to avoid such a crash one day. So, it’s important to do research, such as sky surveys, that locate these objects.
8 ．According to paragraph 2, what does Nugent think of asteroids striking Earth
A ．It’s hard to predict it. B ．It’s urgent to prevent it.
C ．There’s no need to worry about it. D ．There’ll be disastrous outcomes.
9 ．What does the underlined word “That” in paragraph 4 refer to
A ．Computer modeling. B ．Frequency estimate.
C ．System operation. D ．Project assessment.
10 ．Which of the following events is least likely to happen
A ．Coyote attack. B ．Elephant attack.
C ．Carbon monoxide poisoning. D ．Asteroid impact.
11 ．What is the author’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A ．To introduce various asteroid research methods.
B ．To applaud NASA’s asteroid research findings.
C ．To draw media attention to asteroid research.
D ．To stress the importance of asteroid research.
D
In the blink of an eye, artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly entered every walk of life, from self-driving taxis to software that reads X-rays, to virtual assistants that can schedule
meetings and draft e-mails. However, will AI displace entire industries as mechanized factories did before
Like past world-changing tools such as mechanical cloth-making machines, AI is set to reshape the workplace greatly. But techno-pessimists argue AI’s impact has never been seen
before. Economists estimate AI could rob 40% of jobs, with machines replacing much skilled human work and note that even remaining jobs may see declining wages due to reduced labor value. Amid these worries, 2024 Nobel Prize-winning economists Daron Acemoglu and Simon Johnson advise learning from David Ricardo’s flexible thinking about the early Industrial
Revolution.
In his work Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, economist Ricardo initially
supported new spinning machines (纺纱机), believing they would promote productivity for all. Though home spinners were displaced, many shifted to weaving (织布). However, technology
changed everything: one machine outperformed 10-20 handweavers, ending cottage industry.
Displaced weavers had no choices as factories created few new jobs, leading to falling wages and social unrest. Witnessing these consequences, Ricardo transformed his view. His 1821 revised
work acknowledged that factors boosting national income might also make population extra resources and worsen laborers’ conditions.
England eventually learned from the struggles of handweavers and the working class. The government expanded political representation for industrial cities, passed the 1833 Factory Act to manage child labor, and ended the protectionist Corn Laws in the 1840s to lower food costs.
The history repeats today. As the AI era approaches, Johnson notes that AI has attracted
enormous talents, similar to the late-1990s Internet boom, but history — especially the Industrial Revolution — shows that “new miracle machines do not guarantee benefits for most people.”
With thoughtful policies, AI can avoid repeating past mistakes and build an inclusive future.
When technology is guided by wisdom and responsibility, it can become a powerful tool that lifts people up, reduces inequality, and brings greater opportunities to all.
12 ．Which question can paragraph 2 answer
A ．How is AI to affect the work settings
B ．Why has technology replaced human work
C ．Who suffered most from the Industrial Revolution
D ．What did cloth-making machines bring to workers
13 ．Why did David Ricardo change his attitude
A ．The closure of cottage industry. B ．The appearance of spinning and weaving.
C ．The indifference of the government. D ．The suffering of workers and the society.
14 ．What lesson can be learned from the text
A ．Every step forward is progress. B ．Technology makes the complex simple.
C ．History is where you find the future. D ．With great power comes great responsibility.
15 ．What might be talked about following the last paragraph
A ．Details of David Ricardo’s theories. B ．Policy examples for guiding AI.
C ．The introduction of the Internet boom. D ．The development of AI technology.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color is fundamental in home design—something you’ll always have in every room. A
grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms you’ll love to live in. Do you want a room that’s full of life Professional Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day 16 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 17 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there’re really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones,
the medium ones, and the large ones.
18 . They’re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most ofus use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less
expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or
bookshelves. 19 . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are
significant. 20 .
A ．While all of them are useful
B ．Whatever you’re looking for
C ．If you’re experimenting with a color
D ．Small color choices are the ones we’re most familiar with
E ．It’s not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F ．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G ．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
“Make me a muscle!” was my family tradition. My father would give my upper arm a
squeeze (捏) and laugh. “Very good,” he’d always say. Then he would make a muscle back and ask, “Pretty _________ for your old man, don’t you think ”
My father was a _________ member ofwhat I’ll call “the Muscle Club”. He loved doing
exercises, from bodybuilding to martial arts. He filled our home with the energy of — jump ropes in the corner and the sound of kicks echoing through the garage. And , my brother and I became his earliest .
Our garage was a home , where my father coached my brother and me: we
kicked the air until our legs , and boxed in old gloves. My father trained us equally,
our size or age. During a boxing practice, my brother threw a quick punch (拳) right in my cheek. The made me fall backward. Hitting the ground, I burst out crying. Dad
knelt down beside me, saying, “You forgot to block!” I nodded with . Then he gave me a nudge, “Stand up. Show me how to yourself.” I stood up slowly. When my brother
threw another punch, this time I remembered to show my — blocking it just in time. Dad cheered, clapping loudly.
As well as a strong body, what Dad gave me was a(n) . Strength was more than about being ; it was about the courage to get back up. “Make me a muscle” was his
way of asking: “Are you ready Show me you’re here and to keep going.”
21 ．A ．strong B ．odd C ．plain D ．awful
22 ．A ．keen B ．new C ．free D ．generous
23 ．A ．tension B ．peace C ．balance D ．sport
24 ．A ．accidentally B ．originally C ．naturally D ．incredibly
25 ．A ．friends B ．students C ．assistants D ．volunteers
26 ．A ．office B ．gym C ．study D ．kitchen
27 ．A ．recovered B ．ached C ．moved D ．extended
28 ．A ．because of B ．in spite of C ．in case of D ．regardless of
29 ．A ．force B ．pressure C ．trick D ．gesture
30 ．A ．fear B ．confusion C ．laughter D ．tears
31 ．A ．teach B ．relax C ．defend D ．save
32 ．A ．muscle B ．face C ．voice D ．heart
33 ．A ．imagination B ．attitude C ．mood D ．dream
34 ．A ．beneficial B ．emotional C ．physical D ．impressive
35 ．A ．special B ．responsible C ．attracted D ．prepared
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the 15th Five-Year Plan period (2026 — 2030), the National Space Science Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) will launch a series of scientific satellite missions,
focusing on major frontiers like 36 origin of the universe and the start of life, officials said at a press conference held on Monday about the latest achievements of China’s space science pilot program.
Key missions include the Hongmeng Program, Kuafu-2, an exoplanet (外行星) survey
satellite, and an upgraded X-ray space observatory. The Hongmeng Program, ____37____ (make) up of 10 satellites forming a radio telescope array (阵列) that will go to the moon’s far side, is
designed to capture faint cosmic (宇宙的) signals. The Kuafu-2, 38 stares directly at the sun, will be the first in the world 39 (orbit) above the sun’s polar regions.
Since 2011, China’s space science pilot program 40 (launch) eight satellites, including Wukong and Micius, achieving many original 41 (discovery) — some are China’s firsts, and even world firsts. As China’s pilot program to support space science
42 (systematic), it has pushed China’s space research from “following others”
43 “keeping pace” and even “leading” in some fields.
Meanwhile, the program has also actively pursued comprehensive, multi-level international cooperation, pioneering new models of global partnership, according to officials from the National Space Science Center. By establishing international scientific teams and ____44____ (promote)
data sharing, China continues to enhance the global influence and 45 (efficient) of its scientific satellites.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）
第一节（满分 15 分）
46．你校将举办英语演讲比赛，主题为“How a Sport Has Shaped My Growth”。请你写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
1.简要介绍你参与的一项运动；
2.阐述它如何改变了你；
3.分享它带给你的启发或对未来生活的展望。
注意：1.写作词数应为 80 左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
How a Sport Has Shaped My Growth
Good morning, everyone!
第二节（满分 25 分）
47 ．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
PE classes weren’t always easy for Eva. While her classmates raced across the sports field or scored basketball points, Eva often fell behind. She wasn’t as fast or as agile (敏捷的), and
she’d always shrink to the sidelines, pretending to tie her shoelaces just to avoid attention.
One day, during a timed running test. Eva tripped and fell hard on the track. She managed to stand up and kept running, but still failed to pass in the end. When the PE teacher announced the grades, a few students laughed, and Eva’s cheeks burned with embarrassment.
Later that afternoon, when Eva went to the restroom, she heard her classmate Sandra say, “Bet Eva can’t even finish one lap without gasping like a fish.” The other students agreed, adding more hurtful comments. Tears welled up in Eva’s eyes, and all she wanted was to disappear.
That evening, Eva’s mother noticed something was wrong because Eva had eaten almost
nothing. After some gentle questions, Eva finally told her mother what had happened. Her mother listened quietly, then hugged her and said, “Everyone has their own pace, Eva. What matters isn’t
how fast you run, but that you never give up.”
The next day after school, Eva’s mother surprised her with a pair of bright red running
shoes. “Let’s train together,” she suggested with a smile. At first, Eva was hesitant. The thought of running again filled her with anxiety, but the look of encouragement on her mother’s face gave her the courage to say yes. Then they laced up their shoes and stepped outside. From that day on, they jogged around their neighborhood almost every afternoon. Although Eva grew tired in the
beginning, her mother always cheered her on. “You’re doing great! One step at a time!” Slowly, Eva’s stamina (耐力) improved, and she even began to enjoy their runs.
注意：1. 续写词数应为 150 个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
A few weeks later, the PE class held another running test.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Everyone was surprised at Eva’s progress, including Sandra.
(
1
D
2
A
3
C
). . .
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四幅经受住了时间考验的著名画作。
1．细节理解题。根据 The Amolfini Portrait 部分“Jan van Eyck’s Amolfini Portrait, an oil painting on wood produced in 1434(扬 凡 艾克的《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》，一幅创作于 1434 年的木板油画)”；The Starry Night 部分“Vincent van Gogh painted The Starry Night, oil on canvas (帆布), a moderately abstract landscape painting of an expressive night sky over a small hillside village,
during his 12-month stay at the mental hospital near Saint–Remy-de-Provence, France between
1889 and 1890.(文森特 梵高在 1889 年至 1890 年期间，于法国圣雷米德普罗旺斯附近的精神病院里待了 12 个月，在此期间，他创作了《星夜》这幅布面油画。这是一幅适度抽象的风景画，描绘了一个小山坡村庄上方富有表现力的夜空)”；The Harvesters部分“The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565.(收获者》是一幅由老彼得 勃鲁盖尔于 1565 年完成的木板油画)”；Guernica 部分“Guernica, a large black-and-white oil painting, was painted by the Cubist Spanish painter, Pablo Picasso in 1937.(格尔尼卡》，一幅大型黑白油画，是由立体派西班牙画家巴勃罗 毕加索于 1937 年创作的)” 。对比创作时间可知，《阿尔诺芬尼夫妇像》创作时间最早。故选 D。
2．细节理解题。根据 The Harvesters 部分 “The Harvesters is an oil painting on wood completed by Pieter Bruegel the Elder in 1565. It describes the harvest time which most commonly occurred within the months of August and September.(《收获者》是一幅由老彼得 勃鲁盖尔于 1565年完成的木板油画。它描绘了最常出现在八月和九月的收获时节)”可知，是老彼得 勃鲁盖尔创作了这幅描绘收获季节的画作。故选 A。
3．细节理解题。根据 The Starry Night 部分中的描述，“When the Museum of Modem Art in New York City purchased the painting from a private collector in 1941, it was not well known, but it
has since become one of van Gogh’s most famous works.(1941 年，当纽约现代艺术博物馆从一位私人收藏家手中购买这幅画时，它并不出名，但后来却成了梵高最著名的作品之一)”可知， The Starry Night 在 1941 年之前并未被广泛认可。故选 C。
4 ．D 5 ．C 6 ．B 7 ．A
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者接到电信公司电话推销员的推销来电，因自身不喜欢电话推销且正在工作，让对方一小时后回电；通话中作者礼貌倾听，最终收获推销员真
诚感谢，引发作者对电话行业语言暴力与待人善意的反思。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“I was at work and I usually didn’t like telemarketing (电话销售), so I excused myself that I couldn’t talk yet and said he could call me back one hour later, at 6:00 p.m. (我当时在工作，而且我通常不喜欢电话销售，所以我找借口说自己还不能交谈，并说一小时后，也就是下午 6 点，他可以再打给我。)”可知，作者说自己不能马上交谈，让销售员一小时后再打来，由此可推知，作者这样做的目的是想用这种方式来委婉地拒绝他。故选 D项。
5 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“While listening to him, sometimes I was lost in my thoughts and I gave several “hmm hmm” as a sign of agreement to convince him that I was still there. (听他说话 的时候，我有时会陷入沉思，我会说几声“ 嗯嗯”来表示同意，让他相信我还在听。)”可知，作者在听销售员介绍电话套餐时，有时会陷入沉思，只是用“ 嗯嗯”来回应，由此可推知，作者在这 15 分钟的交谈中有点心不在焉。故选 C 项。
6 ．推理判断题。根据第三段“At the end of the conversation, he revealed (袒露) the following to me: “Thank you, Linda. You are the first person in a long time with whom I had an enjoyable
conversation. Usually, people shout at us, speak to us rudely, and treat us as thieves. Today, since
10:00 a.m., I hadn’t had a conversation without an offense. I know you had a long day at work and you could have relaxed in front of your TV. Instead, you listened carefully to me. I sincerely thank you. I wanted to tell it to you.” (在谈话结束时，他向我透露了以下内容：“谢谢你，琳达。你 是我很长时间以来第一个和我愉快交谈的人。通常，人们会对我们大喊大叫，粗鲁地和我们说话，把我们当小偷对待。今天，从上午 10 点开始，我就没有进行过一次没有冒犯的谈话。我知道你工作了一整天，本可以在电视机前放松一下。相反，你认真地听我说。我真诚地感谢你。我想告诉你。”)”可知，销售员在谈话结束时向作者表达了感激之情，称作者是很久 以来第一个与他愉快交谈的人，由此可推知，销售员在第三段中想表达的是他对作者真诚的感激。故选 B 项。
7 ．词句猜测题。根据划线短语所在句“I realized how much he could have been the subject of
verbal violence, all through his working days. (我意识到，在他的整个工作生涯中，他可能遭受了多少 verbal violence 。)” 以及后文“Unfortunately, the telephone enables the customers to have such aggressive behavior. Indeed, physical barriers do not exist in this situation and a kind of
dehumanization (非人性化) seems to happen. (不幸的是，电话使顾客能够有这种攻击性的行为。事实上，在这种情况下，身体障碍并不存在，一种非人性化的现象似乎正在发生。)”可知，
作者意识到销售员在工作中可能遭受了很多攻击性的行为，结合“physical barriers do not exist”以及“dehumanization”可推知，这种攻击性的行为不是身体上的，而是语言上的，即不友善 的言语，由此可推知，划线短语“verbal violence”指的是“不友善的言语”。故选 A 项。
8 ．C 9 ．A 10 ．A 11 ．D
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家 Carrie Nugent及其团队通过计算机模拟计算小行星撞击地球的可能性，并将其与其他日常事件进行比较，以消除人们对小行星撞击的过度恐惧，同时强调了小行星研究的重要性。
8 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“While killer asteroids have hit before, such as the one that finished off the dinosaurs 66 million years ago, Nugent says a similar situation is not expected to occur in the future.(虽然致命的小行星以前曾撞击过地球，比如 6600 万年前导致恐龙灭绝的那颗，
但 Nugent表示，未来预计不会发生类似的情况)”可推知，Nugent 认为未来不太可能发生类似恐龙灭绝那样的小行星撞击事件，因此人们不必过于担心。故选 C。
9 ．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Using a computer program, Nugent and her team modeled a group of asteroids similar to real near-Earth objects (NEOs). They fed them into a program called JPL
Horizons. Anyone can use that program to look up predicted locations for objects in the solar
system. For this project, her team determined whether each modeled asteroid would cross paths
with Earth.(利用计算机程序，Nugent 及其团队构建了一组与真实近地天体（NEO）类似的小行星模型。他们将这些模型输入名为“JPL Horizons” 的程序中。任何人都可以使用该程序来查询太阳系中物体的预计位置。在此次项目中，她的团队确定了每颗模型小行星是否会与地球相撞)”及第四段“That allowed the team to estimate the frequency of asteroids bigger than 140 meters across, which is around the size of a large ship, Nugent says. (Nugent 说，这使得研究团队能够估算出直径超过 140 米（相当于一艘大型船只的大小）的小行星出现的频率)”可推知， That 指代的是前文提到的“computer modeling (计算机模拟)”这一过程，正是通过计算机模拟，团队才能估算小行星撞击的频率。故选 A。
10 ．细节理解题。根据文中关于概率的表格（One-In-X Chance）可知，各事件发生的概率 分别为：A. Coyote attack (土狼袭击)1 in 1,000,000；B. Elephant attack (大象袭击)1 in 10,000； C. Carbon monoxide poisoning (一氧化碳中毒)1 in 100；D. Asteroid impact (小行星撞击)1 in
1,000 。注意：对数坐标的特点：坐标轴是 10 倍递增的（1→ 10→ 100→ 1000），所以视觉上 的距离不代表线性比例，比如 X 从 1 到 100 ，概率差了 100 倍，而不是 100 倍的视觉长度。概率越小，事件发生的可能性越低，土狼袭击的概率为百万分之一，是四个选项中最小的，
因此最不可能发生。故选 A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Books and movies often describe asteroid run-ins as unstoppable events. “The truth is actually entirely the opposite,” she says. NASA’s DART Mission in 2022 hit an asteroid that wasn’t in danger of hitting Earth. The test changed the asteroid’s path. This
showed that people might be able to avoid such a crash one day. So, it’s important to do research, such as sky surveys, that locate these objects.(书籍和电影常常将小行星碰撞事件描述为无法阻止的灾难性事件。但她表示： “事实恰恰相反。”美国宇航局 2022 年的 DART 任务击中了一颗没有撞击地球危险的小行星。这次测试改变了这颗小行星的轨道。这表明， 或许有一天人类能够避免此类碰撞。因此， 开展研究工作，比如进行天空普查，以定位这些天体，是非常重要的)”可推知，作者写最后一段的目的是强调小行星研究的重要性。故选 D。
12 ．A 13 ．D 14 ．C 15 ．B
这是一篇议论文。文章结合工业革命历史及 Ricardo 的观点，探讨 AI 对职场的影响，指出需借助合理政策引导 AI，避免重蹈历史覆辙。
12 ．推理判断题。根据第二段“Like past world-changing tools such as mechanical cloth-making machines, AI is set to reshape the workplace greatly.(就像过去的机械织布机等改变世界的工具一样，人工智能将极大地重塑工作场所。)”可知，第二段回答了第一段关于人工智能将如何影响工作环境这一问题。故选 A 项。
13 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“Displaced weavers had no choices as factories created few new jobs, leading to falling wages and social unrest. Witnessing these consequences, Ricardo
transformed his view.(由于工厂几乎没有创造新的就业岗位，失业的织工别无选择，导致工资下降和社会动荡。目睹了这些后果，Ricardo 改变了他的观点。)”可知，工人与社会遭受的苦难让 Ricardo 改变了态度。故选 D 项。
14 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The history repeats today. As the AI era approaches, Johnson notes that AI has attracted enormous talents, similar to the late-1990s Internet boom, but history
— especially the Industrial Revolution — shows that “new miracle machines do not guarantee
benefits for most people.”(历史在今日重演。随着人工智能时代的到来， 约翰逊指出，人工智能吸引了大批人才，这与上世纪 90 年代末的互联网热潮颇为相似，但历史 —— 尤其是工业革命的历史 —— 表明，“新的神奇机器并不能保证为大多数人带来福祉。”)”可知，我们能从历史中找到应对未来的启示。故选 C 项。
15 ．推理判断题。根据最后一段“With thoughtful policies, AI can avoid repeating past mistakes
and build an inclusive future.(通过深思熟虑的政策，人工智能可以避免重蹈覆辙，构建一个包容的未来。)”可知，下文最可能谈论引导人工智能发展的具体政策案例。故选 B 项。
16 ．B 17 ．A 18 ．D 19 ．G 20 ．F
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题。
16 ．36 题以逗号结尾，后面另起一个简单句，可以从句子结构排除 D,E,F,G 项。根据前文的三个问句可知，此处是从中选择一种。故选 B（不管你寻找哪一种）。
17．前文：在过去的许多年里，有许多技术帮助设计者实现这一要点；下文：它们有点复杂。所以 A（然而他们都很有用）承上启下。符合题意。
18．本空是一个主题句，总说选择小型颜色是我们很熟悉的方法。后文分说小型颜色选择具体用于哪些。故选 D。
19．根据前文“ 中型颜色选择通常是指一些例如沙发，餐桌或者书架等家具的颜色选择”，接着表明这种范围的颜色选择是比小型颜色选择在两种方式上更高一级，故选 G。
20 ．根据前文 the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant（你所付诸的时间、精力和相关的费用是巨大的），后文 F 项（那肯定是值得的，因为你想第一次把它弄好）是上文的结果。故选 F。
点睛：关键词法解决阅读填空题是一种有效的方法。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
37 题 A 选项中的 them 指代上文中的 different techniques 和下文中的 they 指代内容相同。
38 题上一段末尾提到要介绍三种颜色选择，本段详细介绍第一种 small color choice.选项和语段中都有关键词 small color choice。
39 题本段主要内容是 medium color choice, 前半句承接上文中 medium 是 small 的升级，后半句引出下文的两种方式。关键词：two major ways 和...and 。
21 ．A 22 ．A 23 ．D 24 ．C 25 ．B 26 ．B 27 ．B 28 ．D
29 ．A 30 ．D 31 ．C 32 ．A 33 ．B 34 ．C 35 ．D
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的父亲热爱运动， 经常带着作者和哥哥一起锻炼，作者从中不仅收获了强壮的身体，还学到了坚韧不拔的态度。
21 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后他也会亮出自己的肌肉，问道：“你老爸我是不是也相当强壮，你觉得呢？”A. strong 强壮的；B. odd 古怪的；C. plain 朴素的；D. awful 糟糕的。根据上文“Make me a muscle!” 以及“he would make a muscle back”可知，父亲在展示自己的肌肉，询问自己是否强壮。故选 A。
22 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我父亲是我所说的“肌肉俱乐部” 的狂热成员。A. keen 热心的；B. new 新的；C. free 自由的；D. generous 慷慨的。根据下文“He loved doing exercises, from bodybuilding to martial arts.”可知，父亲热爱运动，是“肌肉俱乐部” 的狂热成员。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他让我们的家充满了运动的能量——角落里放着跳绳，车库里还回荡着踢腿的声音。A. tension 紧张；B. peace 和平；C. balance 平衡；D. sport 运动。根据下文“jump ropes in the corner and the sound of kicks echoing through the garage”可知，跳绳和踢腿声都是与运动相关的，说明家里充满了运动的能量。故选 D。
24 ．考查副词词义辨析。句意： 自然而然地，我和哥哥成了他最早的学生。A. accidentally偶然地；B. originally 最初地；C. naturally 自然而然地；D. incredibly 难以置信地。根据上文“He filled our home with the energy of —jump ropes in the corner and the sound of
kicks echoing through the garage.”可知，家里充满了运动的能量，在父亲的影响下，作者和哥哥自然而然地成了他的学生。故选 C。
25 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意： 自然而然地，我和哥哥成了他最早的学生。A. friends 朋友； B. students 学生；C. assistants 助手；D. volunteers 志愿者。根据下文“Our garage was a home , where my father coached my brother and me” 可知，父亲在车库里指导作者和哥哥，说明他们是父亲的学生。故选 B。
26 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们家的车库就是家庭健身房，父亲在那里指导我和哥哥：我们不停地空踢，直到双腿酸痛，还戴着旧手套打拳。A. office 办公室；B. gym 健身房；
C. study 书房；D. kitchen 厨房。根据下文“where my father coached my brother and me: we
kicked the air until our legs , and boxed in old gloves.”可知，父亲在车库里指导作者和哥哥进行踢腿和拳击等运动，说明车库是一个家庭健身房。故选 B。
27 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们家的车库就是家庭健身房，父亲在那里指导我和哥哥：我们不停地空踢，直到双腿酸痛，还戴着旧手套打拳。A. recovered 恢复；B. ached 疼痛；
C. moved 移动；D. extended 延伸。根据上文“we kicked the air until our legs”可知，大量运动导致腿酸痛。故选 B。
(
use
) (
ned
)28 ．考查介词短语辨析。句意：父亲平等地训练我们，不管我们的体型或年龄大小。A. beca of 因为；B. in spite of 尽管；C. in case of 万一；D. regardless of 不管。根据上文“My father trai us equally”可知，父亲平等地训练作者和哥哥，说明他不管他们的体型或年龄。故选 D。
29 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那股力量使我向后倒去。A. force 力量；B. pressure 压力；
C. trick 诡计；D. gesture 手势。根据上文“my brother threw a quick punch right in my cheek”可知，哥哥打了作者一拳，这一拳的力量使作者向后倒去。故选 A。
30 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我含着眼泪点了点头。A. fear 恐惧；B. confusion 困惑；C. laughter 笑声；D. tears 眼泪。根据上文“I burst out crying”可知，作者被打后哭了，说明此时眼里含着泪。故选 D。
31 ．考查动词词义辨析。句意：教我怎么保护自己。A. teach 教；B. relax 放松；C. defend防御；D. save 拯救。根据下文“When my brother threw another punch, this time I remembered to show my — blocking it just in time.”可知，作者记住了要防御哥哥的攻击，说明父亲在告诉作者如何保护自己。故选 C。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当哥哥再次出拳时，这次我记得要展示我的肌肉，及时挡住了。A. muscle 肌肉；B. face 脸；C. voice 声音；D. heart 心。根据上文“Make me a muscle!”以及下文“blocking it just in time”可知，作者记住了要展示肌肉来防御哥哥的攻击，并成功挡住了。故选 A。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了强壮的身体，父亲还给了我一种人生态度。A. imagination想象力；B. attitude 态度；C. mood 情绪；D. dream 梦想。根据下文“Strength was more than about being ; it was about the courage to get back up.”可知，力量不仅仅是身体上的强壮，
更重要的是重新站起来的勇气，这是一种坚韧不拔的态度。故选 B。
34 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：力量不仅仅是身体上的强壮，更是重新站起来的勇气。
A. beneficial 有益的；B. emotional 情感的；C. physical 身体的；D. impressive 令人印象深刻的。根据下文“it was about the courage to get back up”可知，力量更重要的是重新站起来的勇气，说明力量不仅仅是身体上的强壮。故选 C。
35 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“秀一下你的肌肉”是他在问：“你准备好了吗？证明你在 这里，并且准备好继续前行。”A. special 特殊的；B. responsible 负责的；C. attracted 吸引的； D. prepared 准备好的。根据上文“Are you ready ” 以及下文“to keep going”可知，父亲在问作者是否准备好了继续前进。故选 D。
36．the 37．made 38．which 39．to orbit 40．has launched 41．discoveries
42 ．systematically 43 ．to 44 ．promoting 45 ．efficiency
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国在“十五五”期间将开展一系列科学卫星任务及其取得的成就和国际合作情况。
36．考查冠词。句意：官员们在周一举行的关于中国空间科学试点项目最新成果的新闻发布会上表示，在“十五五”期间（2026-2030 年），中国科学院国家空间科学中心将发射一系列科学卫星任务，重点关注宇宙起源和生命起源等重大前沿领域。根据空后 origin of the universe可知，空处需用定冠词 the ，特指宇宙的起源。故填 the。
37 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：鸿蒙计划由 10 颗卫星组成一个射电望远镜阵列，将前往月球背面，旨在捕捉微弱的宇宙信号。本句已有谓语动词 is designed ，且空处没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；(be) made up of“ 由 组成” ，固定搭配，所以空处需用过去分词 made作后置定语，修饰名词 The Hongmeng Program 。故填 made。
38．考查定语从句。句意：夸父二号直接凝视着太阳，将是世界上第一个在太阳极地上空轨道运行的卫星。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 The Kuafu-2 ，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词 which 引导定语从句。故填 which。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。本句已有谓语动词 will be，且句中没有连词，所以空处需用非谓语动词；the first to do sth.“第一个做某事” ，固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰 the first 。故填 to orbit。
40 ．考查时态和主谓一致。句意： 自 2011 年以来，中国空间科学试点项目已经发射了 8 颗卫星，包括悟空和墨子，取得了许多原创性发现——有些是中国首次，甚至是世界首次。根据时间状语 Since 2011 可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：have/has done ，主语是单数program ，所以此处助动词需用 has 。故填 has launched。
41 ．考查名词复数。句意同上。根据空前“many”可知，空处需用可数名词复数形式， discovery“发现” 的复数形式为 discoveries 。故填 discoveries。
42．考查副词。句意：作为中国系统性支持太空科学的试点项目，它推动中国太空研究从“跟跑” 向“并跑”甚至部分领域“领跑”转变。空处需用副词修饰动词 support，systematic 的副词形式为 systematically ，意为“系统性地” 。故填 systematically。
43 ．考查固定搭配。句意同上。from...to...为固定搭配，意为“从 到 ”，符合语境，此处表示研究阶段的转变。故填 to。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：通过组建国际科学团队和促进数据共享，中国持续提升其科学
卫星的全球影响力和效率。根据空前“By establishing international scientific teams and”可知， and 连接两个并列的动名词形式，作介词By 的宾语，promote“促进” 的动名词形式为promoting。故填 promoting。
45．考查名词。句意： 通过组建国际科学团队和促进数据共享，中国持续提升其科学卫星的全球影响力和效率。根据空前“the global influence and”可知，空处需用名词与“influence”并列，efficient 的名词形式为 efficiency，意为“效率”，为不可数名词。故填 efficiency。
46 ．One possible version:
How a Sport Has Shaped My Growth Good morning, everyone!
I’m Li Hua. Today, I want to share how basketball has shaped my growth. I started playing basketball in junior high, initially just to stay active, but it soon became a vital part of my life.
This sport has changed me a lot. Through regular training and games, I’ve built a strong body and learned the importance of teamwork. When our team lost a key match last year, I
realized that perseverance matters more than winning. Instead of giving up, we practiced harder and finally won the next tournament.
Basketball has taught me to face challenges bravely. In the future, I’ll carry this spirit to
overcome difficulties in study and life, striving to be a better version of myself.
47 ．A few weeks later, the PE class held another running test. Eva took a deep breath as she stood at the starting line, her bright red shoes gleaming under the sun. The memory of her last
failure flashed through her mind, but she pushed it away, focusing instead on her mother’s
encouraging words that her mother had said to her. When the whistle blew, Eva ran steadily, her strides confident. Though others sprinted ahead, she maintained her pace, just as she had
practiced. By the final lap, her endurance surprised even herself — she wasn’t gasping for air but running with determination. As she crossed the finish line, the teacher announced, “Eva, you
passed!”
Everyone was surprised at Eva’s progress, including Sandra. Sandra stared, her earlier
mockery replaced by disbelief. After class, she approached Eva hesitantly. “How did you do
that ” she asked. Eva smiled, wiping sweat from her forehead. “I practiced every day,” she
replied. Sandra’s expression softened. “That’s … impressive.” From that day on, the teasing
stopped, and some classmates even asked Eva for running tips. Eva realized that perseverance, not speed, had earned their respect — and more importantly, her own.
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