人教版 九下Unit 1 The Changing World.词汇详解笔记

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人教版 九下Unit 1 The Changing World.词汇详解笔记

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人教版 九下Unit 1 The Changing World.词汇详解笔记
序号 词汇 变形 核心考点 例句 指点迷津
1 bring about 带来;引起 无 1. bring about sth 引发/造成某事2. bring about changes/results/problems 带来变化/造成结果/引发问题3. bring about development/improvement 带来发展/改善 Sandstorms often bring about serious environmental problems.沙尘暴常会引发严重的环境问题。 动词短语,后接名词/代词,不可接that从句,主语多为事物
2 rough adj. 崎岖的 roughly adv. 粗略地;大致地 1. rough road/terrain 崎岖的道路/地形2. rough weather 恶劣的天气3. rough life 艰苦的生活4. rough surface 粗糙的表面 The old path is too rough for bikes to ride on.这条老路崎岖不平,不适合骑自行车。 可形容具体事物(道路、表面),也可形容抽象事物(生活、处境)
3 be covered with 被……覆盖 无 1. be covered with sth 被某物覆盖(表状态)2. be covered with dust/sand/snow/leaves 被尘土/沙子/雪/树叶覆盖3. be covered with green plants 被绿色植物覆盖 The whole farmland is covered with thick sand after the sandstorm.沙尘暴过后,整片耕地都被厚沙覆盖。 表持续状态;区别于be covered by(强调动作执行者,表被动动作)
4 sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 无 1. a strong/terrible sandstorm 强/可怕的沙尘暴2. cause sandstorms 引发沙尘暴3. prevent sandstorms 预防沙尘暴4. in a sandstorm 在沙尘暴中 We should plant more trees to prevent sandstorms.我们应该多种树来预防沙尘暴。 合成词(sand+storm),可数名词,常与环境、天气类话题搭配
5 farmland n. 耕地 无 1. protect farmland 保护耕地2. waste farmland 浪费耕地3. fertile farmland 肥沃的耕地4. use farmland to grow crops 用耕地种庄稼 Farmland is very important for food production.耕地对粮食生产至关重要。 不可数名词,无复数形式,不可说a farmland
6 shortage n. 短缺 short adj. 短缺的;不足的 1. a shortage of sth 某物的短缺2. water/food/resource shortage 水/食物/资源短缺3. face a shortage 面临短缺4. solve the shortage 解决短缺问题 Many areas are facing a serious shortage of fresh water.许多地区正面临严重的淡水资源短缺。 固定结构:a shortage of + 名词,不可用shortage for
7 lack n. 缺乏 lack v. 缺乏 1. lack of sth 缺乏某物(名词)2. for lack of sth 因缺乏某物3. lack confidence/courage 缺乏信心/勇气(抽象)4. be lacking in sth 在某方面匮乏 The plants died for lack of enough water and soil.这些植物因缺水缺土枯死了。 名词用lack of;动词直接接宾语,无of
8 bush n. 灌木 bushy adj. 茂密的;浓密的 1. plant bushes 种植灌木2. under the bush 在灌木丛下3. beat around the bush 拐弯抹角(中考习语)4. thick bushes 茂密的灌木丛 Bushes can help hold the soil and stop sandstorms.灌木能帮助固土、阻挡沙尘暴。 复数形式bushes,-sh结尾名词变复数加-es
9 root n. 根 rooted adj. 根深蒂固的 1. the root of a tree 树根2. the root of the problem 问题的根源(抽象)3. root cause 根本原因4. take root 生根;扎根 We need to find the root of the environmental damage.我们要找到环境破坏的根源。 可表具体根系,也可表抽象根源,中考常考抽象义
10 soil n. 土壤 无 1. rich/fertile soil 肥沃的土壤2. protect soil 保护土壤3. soil erosion 土壤侵蚀4. grow plants in the soil 在土壤里种植物 Good soil is necessary for growing corn and vegetables.优质土壤是种植玉米和蔬菜的必要条件。 不可数名词,表“土壤”无复数,表“国土”时可复数
11 sandy adj. 铺满沙子的;含沙的 sand n. 沙子 1. sandy soil 沙土2. sandy land 沙地3. sandy beach 沙滩4. sandy road 沙质小路 The sandy area is not suitable for growing most crops.沙质地区不适合种植大多数农作物。 由sand + y构成形容词,仅修饰地表/材质
12 government n. 政府 govern v. 统治;管理 1. the local/central government 当地/中央政府2. the government's policy 政府的政策3. support the government 支持政府4. the government announces sth 政府宣布某事 The government has taken action to protect farmland.政府已采取行动保护耕地。 集合名词,中考常作单数,谓语动词用单数
13 support n. & v. 支持 supportive adj. 支持的 1. support sb/sth 支持某人/某物2. support doing sth 支持做某事3. give support to sb 给某人支持4. win support 获得支持 We all support the government's environmental plans.我们都支持政府的环保计划。 可作动词/名词,中考高频词性转换考点
14 corn n. 玉米;谷物 无 1. grow corn 种植玉米2. sweet corn 甜玉米3. corn field 玉米地4. harvest corn 收割玉米 Farmers grow corn on the fertile farmland every year.农民每年在肥沃的耕地上种玉米。 不可数名词,表“玉米”无复数;表“鸡眼”时可数
15 high-tech adj. 高科技的 无 1. high-tech products 高科技产品2. high-tech industry 高科技产业3. high-tech equipment 高科技设备4. high-tech farming 高科技农业 High-tech greenhouses can grow vegetables in winter.高科技温室能在冬季种植蔬菜。 合成形容词,只作定语,不可作表语
16 greenhouse n. 温室 无 1. greenhouse effect 温室效应2. greenhouse gases 温室气体3. plant vegetables in a greenhouse 在温室种蔬菜4. glass greenhouse 玻璃温室 Greenhouses help plants grow in cold weather.温室能帮助植物在寒冷天气生长。 合成词(green+house),可数名词
17 highway n. 公路 无 1. build a highway 修建公路2. express highway 高速公路3. highway traffic 公路交通4. drive on the highway 在公路上行驶 The new highway links many villages and cities.这条新公路连接了许多乡村和城市。 可数名词,复数highways,美式英语常用
18 railway n. 铁路 无 1. high-speed railway 高速铁路2. railway station 火车站3. build a railway 修建铁路4. railway network 铁路网 The railway makes it easier to transport goods to the port.铁路让货物运往港口更便捷。 英式英语,美式用railroad,可数名词
19 attraction n. 向往的地方;吸引力 attract v. 吸引;attractive adj. 有吸引力的 1. tourist attraction 旅游景点2. places of attraction 名胜古迹3. attract sb's attraction 吸引某人注意力4. have a strong attraction 有很强的吸引力 The high-speed railway has become a new tourist attraction.高铁已成为新的旅游景点。 中考必考词形转换:attract→attractive→attraction
20 product n. 产品 produce v. 生产;production n. 生产 1. local products 当地产品2. agricultural products 农产品3. digital products 数码产品4. high-quality products 优质产品 This factory produces many high-tech products for daily use.这家工厂生产很多日用高科技产品。 可数名词,复数products,区分produce(农产品,不可数)
21 greatly adv. 大大地;非常 great adj. 极大的;伟大的 1. greatly improve/increase 极大改善/增加2. greatly change 极大改变3. greatly benefit 极大受益4. greatly reduce 极大减少 Our living conditions have been greatly improved.我们的生活条件得到了极大改善。 副词,修饰动词/形容词,不可修饰名词
22 socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 social adj. 社会的;society n. 社会 1. socialist country 社会主义国家2. socialist construction 社会主义建设 China is a great socialist country with rapid development.中国是发展迅速的伟大社会主义国家。 识记基本含义即可,中考极少考搭配/变形拓展
23 e-payment n. 电子支付 无 1. mobile e-payment 移动电子支付2. use e-payment to pay bills 用电子支付缴费3. convenient e-payment 便捷的电子支付 E-payment makes our daily shopping much easier.电子支付让我们日常购物便捷很多。 合成词(e-+payment),不可数名词
24 housing n. 住房;住宅 house n. 房屋 1. housing problem 住房问题2. affordable housing 保障性住房3. housing conditions 住房条件4. solve housing problems 解决住房问题 The government is trying to improve people's housing conditions.政府正努力改善民众的住房条件。 不可数名词,表“住房供给/条件”,无复数
25 digital adj. 电子的;数码的 digit n. 数字 1. digital products 数码产品2. digital technology 数字技术3. digital camera 数码相机4. digital life 数字化生活 Digital tools are widely used in our study and work.电子工具被广泛用于我们的学习和工作。 常修饰产品、技术、设备,中考高频形容词
26 audio adj. 音频的 n. 音频 无 1. audio equipment 音频设备2. audio and video 音频和视频3. audio book 有声书4. audio player 音频播放器 This mobile phone has excellent audio function.这款手机拥有出色的音频功能。 多与电子产品搭配,中考低频考点
27 dirt n. 泥土;尘土 dirty adj. 脏的 1. dust and dirt 尘土2. clean the dirt 清理泥土3. dirt on the road 路上的泥土4. wash off the dirt 洗掉尘土 The wind brings a lot of dirt and sand to the city.大风给城市带来大量尘土和沙子。 不可数名词,形容词形式为dirty,易拼错
28 track n. 小路;轨道 无 1. country track 乡间小路2. railway track 铁轨3. running track 跑道4. a dirt track 泥土小路 The narrow track is covered with dirt and small stones.这条狭窄小路布满泥土和小石子。 表“轨道”时常用复数tracks,可数名词
29 wide adj. 宽的;宽阔的 widely adv. 广泛地;width n. 宽度 1. wide road/highway 宽阔的公路2. wide knowledge 广博的知识(抽象)3. wide difference 巨大差异4. far and wide 到处 The newly built railway is wide and smooth.新建的铁路宽阔又平坦。 反义词narrow;可表具体宽度,也可表抽象“广博的”
30 link n. 交通路线;联系 v. 连接 无 1. link A to/with B 把A与B连接2. close link 紧密联系(抽象)3. link up 连接;汇合4. the link between A and B A与B之间的联系 The railway links the capital city to the port of Mombasa.这条铁路连接首都与蒙巴萨港。 可作名词/动词,固定搭配link to/with为中考核心
31 port n. 港口 无 1. sea port 海港2. port city 港口城市3. at the port 在港口4. transport goods from the port 从港口运货 Mombasa is an important port city in Kenya.蒙巴萨是肯尼亚重要的港口城市。 可数名词,常与transport、business搭配
32 capital n. 首都 无 1. capital city 首都2. the capital of a country 一国首都3. capital punishment 死刑(抽象)4. financial capital 金融中心 Beijing is the capital of China, a great ancient city.北京是中国的首都,一座伟大的古城。 一词多义:还表“资本、大写字母”,中考常考“首都”
33 Kenyan n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的 Kenya n. 肯尼亚 1. Kenyan people 肯尼亚人民2. Kenyan culture 肯尼亚文化3. Kenyan students 肯尼亚学生 Many Kenyans benefit a lot from the new railway.许多肯尼亚人从新铁路中获益良多。 国名Kenya派生国人/形容词,直接加-n
34 benefit v. 得益于;使受益 n. 优势;益处 beneficial adj. 有益的 1. benefit from sth 从某事中受益2. benefit sb/sth 使某人/某物受益3. be of benefit to sb 对某人有益4. the benefits of sth 某事的益处 The new highway benefits both villagers and businessmen.新公路让村民和商人都受益。 固定搭配benefit from;形容词beneficial为中考高频
35 be happy with 对……感到满意 无 1. be happy with sb/sth 对某人/某物满意2. be happy with one's life 对生活满意3. be happy with the result 对结果满意 All the Kenyans are happy with the convenient transportation.所有肯尼亚人都对便利的交通感到满意。 同义替换:be satisfied with / be pleased with
36 convenient adj. 方便的;便利的 convenience n. 便利;方便 1. It is convenient for sb to do sth 某人做某事很方便2. convenient transportation 便利的交通3. convenient store 便利店4. at sb's convenience 在某人方便时 It is very convenient for people to do business with e-payment.人们用电子支付做生意非常方便。 不能说sb is convenient,只能用it作形式主语
37 business n. 生意;商业 busy adj. 忙碌的 1. do business 做生意2. on business 出差3. business trip 商务旅行4. business cooperation 商业合作 Many businessmen do business between China and Kenya easily.许多商人轻松地在中肯之间做生意。 固定搭配do business,不可用make business
38 ease n. 容易;自在 easy adj. 容易的;easily adv. 容易地 1. with ease 轻而易举地2. at ease 自在;舒适3. feel at ease 感到自在4. ease of use 易用性 People can travel between cities with ease now.如今人们可以轻松地在城市间往来。 名词,常与with/at搭配,区别于形容词easy
39 with ease 轻而易举地 无 1. do sth with ease 轻松做某事2. finish work with ease 轻松完成工作3. solve problems with ease 轻松解决问题4. pass exams with ease 轻松通过考试 The manager can deal with business problems with ease.这位经理能轻松处理商业问题。 介词短语,作状语修饰动词,中考高频短语
40 lorry n. 卡车 无 1. a heavy lorry 重型卡车2. lorry driver 卡车司机3. drive a lorry 开卡车4. transport goods by lorry 用卡车运货 The lorries carry plenty of products on the highway every day.卡车每天在公路上运送大量产品。 英式英语,美式用truck,可数名词
41 manager n. 经理 manage v. 管理;经营 1. shop manager 商店经理2. general manager 总经理3. project manager 项目经理4. manage a company 管理公司 The lorry company manager is very satisfied with the new road.卡车公司经理对新路非常满意。 中考必考词形转换:manage→manager
42 conclusion n. 总结;结论 conclude v. 总结;得出结论 1. draw a conclusion 得出结论2. come to a conclusion 得出结论3. in conclusion 总之(写作结尾)4. make a conclusion 做总结 We can draw a conclusion that trees can stop sandstorms.我们可以得出结论:树木能阻挡沙尘暴。 写作高频短语in conclusion,固定搭配draw a conclusion
43 narrow adj. 狭窄的 narrowly adv. 勉强地 1. narrow road/track 狭窄的道路/小路2. narrow escape 死里逃生(抽象)3. narrow gap 狭窄的缝隙4. narrow victory 险胜 The old village road is narrow and hard to walk on.村里的老路狭窄难行。 反义词wide,多形容道路、缝隙等具体事物
44 villager n. 村民 village n. 村庄 1. local villagers 当地村民2. villagers' life 村民的生活3. the villagers' opinions 村民的意见 The villagers are very happy about the new wide highway.村民们对这条宽阔的新公路非常开心。 复数villagers,由village + -er构成表人名词
45 the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 Olympic adj. 奥林匹克的 1. take part in the Olympics 参加奥运会2. the Olympic Games 奥运会(同义)3. Olympic spirit 奥林匹克精神4. host the Olympics 举办奥运会 Many athletes dream of winning prizes in the Olympics.许多运动员梦想在奥运会上获奖。 专有名词,必须加定冠词the,首字母大写
46 lead v. 带领;过(某种生活)n. 领先地位 leader n. 领导者 1. lead sb to do sth 带领某人做某事2. lead a…life 过……的生活3. lead to 导致;通向4. take the lead 领先 The government leads us to build more greenhouses and plant trees.政府带领我们修建更多温室、种植树木。 过去式/过去分词led,不规则变化,中考高频易错点
47 man-made adj. 人造的;非天然的 无 1. man-made miracle 人造奇迹2. man-made lake 人工湖3. man-made satellite 人造卫星4. man-made building 人造建筑 The Great Wall is the most famous man-made miracle in the world.长城是世界上最著名的人造奇迹。 合成形容词,反义词natural(天然的)
48 miracle n. 奇迹 无 1. a great/modern miracle 伟大/现代奇迹2. work miracles 创造奇迹3. a man-made miracle 人造奇迹4. medical miracle 医学奇迹 The high-speed railway is a real modern miracle.高铁是真正的现代奇迹。 可数名词,常与great、real等词搭配
49 junior adj. 低年级的;初级的 无 1. junior high school 初中2. junior middle school student 初中生3. junior grade 低年级 As junior high students, we should learn to protect the environment.作为初中生,我们应该学会保护环境。 中考必考固定搭配:junior high school=junior middle school
50 flat n. 公寓 无 1. live in a flat 住在公寓里2. a new flat 新公寓3. a two-room flat 两居室公寓4. move into a flat 搬进公寓 More and more villagers move into new flats in the town.越来越多村民搬进镇上的新公寓。 英式英语,美式用apartment,可数名词
51 discussion n. 讨论 discuss v. 讨论 1. have a discussion about sth 讨论某事2. hold a discussion 举行讨论3. after a long discussion 经过长时间讨论4. discussion on environmental protection 环保讨论 We had a heated discussion about sandstorm prevention.我们就沙尘暴防治展开了热烈讨论。 动词discuss直接接宾语;名词需加about/on
52 aspect n. 方面 无 1. every aspect of life 生活的方方面面2. different aspects 不同方面3. in all aspects 在各方面4. consider every aspect 考虑各个方面 We should improve our life in every aspect.我们应该从各方面改善生活。 可数名词,复数aspects,写作高频词汇
53 Mombasa n. 蒙巴萨(肯尼亚城市) 无 专有名词,无固定搭配;常与port/city连用 Mombasa is an important port city in Kenya, connected by railway.蒙巴萨是肯尼亚重要的港口城市,有铁路连通。 专有地名,首字母必须大写,无变形、无考点拓展
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