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2026 届崇明区高三英语二模
I ．Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Dedicated to Dunhuang: A Life Inspired by Ancient Art
Famous Chinese artist Chang Shana, the designer behind the decorative mural (壁画) on
the ceiling of the banquet (宴会) hall of Beijing’s Great Hall of the People, and her father Chang Shuhong, who was also a famous artist, have dedicated their lives to preserving and promoting the art of Dunhuang.
Her passion for Dunhuang 1 (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art.
In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who 2 (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. It wasn’t long 3 he moved to Dunhuang, a remote county in northwest China’s Gansu Province.
4 (travel) along rough roads for an entire month, in the fall of 1943, the family
arrived at the dusty, yet exciting Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. In 1944, Chang Shuhong founded Dunhuang Art Institute, 5 is now known as Dunhuang Academy. He gave up the
prospect of furthering his art career, and devoted himself to the protection and study of
Dunhuang’s treasures. But this was so hard a task that his wife couldn’t bear the harsh conditions and left him. What’s worse, during the war, the government stopped 6 (fund) the
Dunhuang Art Research Institute. Nevertheless, Chang Shana and her father stayed to continue their mission.
Chang Shana made copies of the murals 7 the guidance of her father, researchers at the institute and visiting artists. She learned a lot about murals and 8 the styles for the murals had evolved. That experience has greatly influenced her career.
Chang Shana later went to the US for further study and when she came back, she turned to industrial art, teaching at Tsinghua University. Chang has completed many key designs
9 (base) on Dunhuang murals, including the ceiling of the Great Hall of the People.
For Chang, Dunhuang has become an inseparable part of her life. She’s now cooperating with an e-commerce platform to promote the sale of her work 10 (make) sure that the thousand-year-old art lives on.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. autonomous B. firmly C. integral D. launch E. leap F. live-stream G. marketplace H. measure I. precise J. skillfully K. subsequently
China’s Spring Festival Gala Becomes Super Bowl-like Stage for Humanoid (像
人的) Robots
Humanoid robots have undoubtedly taken center stage at this year’s CMG
(China Media Group) Spring Festival Gala — the world’s most-watched TV show in celebration of the Chinese New Year. For the robotics industry, this isn’tjust a
performance. It is a high-risk product 11 to billions of viewers.
This year, four Chinese powerhouse startups brought their most advanced
humanoids to the stage. Their performances covered many aspects of human life — from energetic martial arts and rhythmic dancing to short funny plays and daily life scenes.
The 12 nature of the Gala makes it the ultimate “stress test” for robotics. On a stage filled with moving objects, hundreds of dancers and
unpredictable lighting, there is no “reset” button.
For this challenge, robots once again amazed the world with 13
movements and excellent stability — demonstrating well-balanced landings after running, kicking, and jumping from springboards. It is a huge 14 from last year, when their H1 robots finished a “Handkerchief Dance” with cautious
movements and required human assistance just to exit the stage.
This shift is an evident proof that the industry has moved from pre-programmed
“puppets (傀儡)” to 15 machines powered by advanced stability algorithms (算法).
Spring Festival Gala has become more than a technical display. For the first time, robots weren’t just guest performers. Rather, they were 16 to the
Chinese tradition of Tuanyuan, or reunion.
In the short funny play, Noetix’s “Bumi” robot took part in a family scene, 17 using humor to bridge the gap between machine and companion.
This year also signaled a shift from early models to the 18 . As Noetix
CMO Zhang Miao explained to the press, if 2025 was about the race to mass-produce,
2026 is about the race to deliver. “The focus has moved from the factory floor to the commercial channel, where the real 19 of a company’s health is no longer how many robots it can build, but how many it can successfully integrate into
real-world scenes,” Zhang said.
A new era of robotics is now taking shape — and it is 20 rooted in China.
II ．Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or
phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Adventure travelers used to represent a small group of brave travelers willing to go to nearly any extreme in pursuit of an extraordinary trip. But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement.
“Frontier tourism,” as it has been called, is rapidly gaining popularity with the ordinary vacation enthusiast — and this dynamic is not without risk for both the planet and the traveler.
As unbelievable as it may seem, space travel is generating widespread . While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health
to consider. “The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an
incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also space rays, which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer.
Another aspect of frontier tourism involves exploring environments on this
planet that remain largely by modernization. However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems.
The ultimate hiking goal, climbing Mount Qomolangma, provides a vivid
of this. Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent
years. The mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its base camp. Farther up the mountain, beyond base camp, another 50 tons of
waste are left by travelers seeking to make it to the mountain’s peak.
Frontier tourism is also having a harmful impact on destinations such as Antarctica. The of these fantastic locations is the opportunity to see
breathtaking glaciers (冰川) and diverse wildlife, particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers and makes ever more difficult for the
region’s wildlife.
What’s worse, it’s a severe . The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues further.
According to the International Union for Conservation for Nature (IUCN),
regulations are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts. The IUCN report goes on to stress that growing tourism are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their reproductive and social behaviors.
So is frontier tourism a development that’s likely to continue Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour
operators.”
21 ．A ．enduring B ．emerging C ．intervening D ．competing
22 ．A ．panic B ．adoption C ．perception D ．appeal
23 ．A ．benefits B ．consequences C ．treatments D ．experiments
24 ．A ．altered B ．artificial C ．specific D ．intense
25 ．A ．prohibited by B ．protected against C ．exposed to
D ．excluded from
26 ．A ．influenced B ．dominated C ．uninsured D ．untouched
27 ．A ．example B ．memory C ．contrast D ．symbol
28 ．A ．overlooked B ．underpopulated C ．overcrowded D ．underestimated
29 ．A．jammed B ．nasty C ．potential D ．delicate
30 ．A ．draw B ．flexibility C ．anchor D ．practicability
31 ．A ．feeding B ．breathing C ．survival D ．restoration
32 ．A ．cycle B ．format C ．forecast D ．complication
33 ．A ．strict B ．existing C ．global D ．proposed
34 ．A ．facilities B ．arrivals C ．destinations D ．boosters
35 ．A ．unnoticed B ．unchanged C ．unchecked D ．undamaged
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by
several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Some might suggest that a book about “the influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. But in fact, Timothy C. Winegard’s The Horse is fascinating, offering a fresh perspective on how crucial horses were in
human development. And it almost didn’t happen.
Sudden climate changes at the end of the Ice Age drove horses to the edge of
extinction. The rest ofthe animal once found through much of the world were then
largely restricted to an area that runs roughly from Eastern Europe to Central Asia —
where they were hunted for food.
The horse might have gone the way of its relatives had it not been domesticated like cattle. When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the milder-tempered horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world.
Riding horses helped farmers take care of more sheep and goats, and hunters cover more ground. When horses replaced cattle, their quicker speed allowed more land to be plowed (犁地), increased crop production and changed farmers who only grew food for themselves to goods exporters.
Inevitably, horses became instruments of war, first pulling archers in war vehicles and then as mounts. The earliest known true cavalry (骑兵) formation belonged to the Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta II.
In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those
nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these conflicts created the world we have today. Alexander extended the
boundaries of his empire — and Greek culture — through Persia, India and beyond because of the success of his cavalry. Moorish invaders brought math and science to Europe.
Horses were the deciding element in the Battle of Hastings, where William, the Duke of Normandy — who had cavalry units — soundly defeated the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, creating the modern British state.
The Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read.
36 ．What first helped the horse avoid extinction
A ．Being hunted for food. B ．Climate change.
C ．Living in Central Asia. D ．Human breeding.
37 ．As a result of using horses in farming, farmers .
A ．could hunt more animals B ．started to raise more cattle
C ．could produce more crops D ．no longer needed to plow land
38．What does the author imply by “Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them.” in paragraph 6
A ．Horses were in greater demand than other military equipment.
B ．Horses became so valuable that every nation wanted them.
C ．Nations defeated in wars usually gave up getting horses.
D ．Nations without horses had no chance of winning wars.
39 ．Why did the author write this passage
A ．To introduce and recommend the book The Horse.
B ．To analyze important historical events related to horses.
C ．To explain the reasons why horses were important in wars.
D ．To describe how horse domestication influenced human history.
(B)
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Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. Understanding this dynamic can give you an edge in your own area of excellence, and enhance your life generally. To be great at what you do, take a chance on failing at something else.
Trying to do something but coming up short is not fun. Take up skiing as an
adult, and you will almost certainly be frustrated as you fall down over and over. The reason why we hate being bad at things and failing is because when goal-directed
activity is blocked, that stimulates our dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, which is part
of the brain’s pain system. This is the same region affected when we experience social rejection.
This kind of mental pain does, however, have an evolved benefit — creating the motivation to succeed, if not at the activity at hand then at some other one. This
motivation effect is detectable in plenty of areas, like in business activities. As a
group of psychologists reported when employees are frustrated by their relative
incompetence at one task, they tend to be motivated to show more competence for something they’re already better at. Perhaps you can relate to this finding when,
pushed to perform outside your comfort zone at work, you discovered that you had greater motivation in your regular job afterward.
The mental pain of failure can also stimulate you to become better at the activity in which you lack competence — if you can reframe the negative experience as an
indicator of personal growth. This is what researchers found when they conducted a field experiment at an improvisation (即兴表演) club. One group of amateur
improvisers was instructed to actively seek the feeling of awkwardness. The scholars found that compared with improvisers who were not given this instruction, the first group was more engaged in the exercise. Instead of seeing the discomfort as
something to avoid, they saw it as central to the process and accepted it.
Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves
replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the
future. Scholars have shown that thinking through something you have done poorly in this intentionally corrective way can lead to learning and improvement as opposed to frustration and embarrassment.
It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an old one. This has implications for how to improve
ordinary life.
43 ．According to the passage, if employees feel frustrated after failing a new project, they might .
A ．attempt to seek discomfort in other work activities
B ．experience serious social rejection from colleagues
C ．become more motivated to excel in their regular work
D ．quit the job to avoid further frustration from new tasks
44 ．What is a key requirement for failure to help improve poor skills
A ．Avoiding feelings of discomfort associated with failure.
B ．Using the frustration to boost performance in another area.
C ．Developing a strong desire to master the target skill quickly.
D ．Interpreting the setback as an opportunity for self-improvement.
45 ．What does “action rumination” in para. 5 most probably refer to
A ．Accepting the discomfort caused by failure.
B ．Seeking help from others to correct missteps.
C ．Reflecting on mistakes and finding solutions.
D ．Adjusting goals when facing repeated failures.
46 ．The author’s primary purpose in writing this passage is to .
A ．argue that failure is inevitable in daily life and advise readers to avoid its mental pain
B ．illustrate the positive values of failure in unfamiliar areas and persuade readers to accept it
C ．compare different ways to handle failure and highlight the effectiveness of action rumination
D ．analyze the psychological mechanism behind people’s fear of failure and its evolutionary origin
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two
more sentences than you need.
Space Agencies Report Increased Risk of Space Rock Striking Earth in 2032
Scientists say the threat of a large space rock striking the Earth in 2032 has increased.
Recent calculations suggest there is a small chance — perhaps around 1 to 3 percent — the space rock 2024 YR4 will hit Earth in 2032. 47 The
probability of a strike will likely continue to go up and down as the asteroid’s path around the sun is better understood.
NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see.
48
A telescope in Chile discovered the asteroid 2024 YR4 in late December. It is estimated to measure between 40 and 90 meters across. NASA said observations by the Webb space telescope should provide a more exact measurement.
At first, NASA and the European Space Agency put the probability of a strike at just over one percent. 49 Until scientists have a better understanding of the
asteroid’s path around the sun, they warned that the probability will continue to change — and quite possibly fall to zero.
Paul Chodas, director of NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, said in an email to the Associated Press, “No one should be concerned that the impact
probability is rising. This is the behavior our team expected.” Chodas added, “To be clear, we expect the impact probability to drop to zero at some point.”
50 If the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to the Tunguska event that flattened thousands of square kilometers of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to 100 meters, the effects would be significantly worse.
Chodas said once the Webb telescope measures the asteroid’s size, NASA can predict “how serious an impact this asteroid could produce and how difficult a task it might be to deflect (使偏斜) this asteroid.”
A ．But later calculations suggested the probability had risen to 2 or even 3 percent.
B ．Once that happens, scientists will have to wait until 2028 when it passes our way again.
C ．This also means there is around a 97 to 99 percent chance it will safely pass our planet in that year.
D．But it’s perfectly natural that the impact chances will “bounce around a bit” before dropping to zero.
E ．However, scientists infer the size of asteroids (小行星) from the amount of light they reflect, which also depends on their composition.
F．Since the asteroid’s size and orbit are uncertain, it is unclear where it might hit and what the possible effects would be should it strike Earth.
III ．Summary Writing
51 ．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as
possible.
Productive Conversations
Too often, managers stifle (扼杀) conversation without realizing it — taking
over meetings without providing space for discussion and jumping in with their own solutions to problems that are brought to them. This habit of dominating dialogue
creates a disconnect between managers and their teams and creates cultures defined
by a lack of mutual trust and cooperation. It also restricts the opportunities for
employees to develop their own initiative, creativity and independent problem-solving skills required for high performance.
Thankfully, there are simple yet effective strategies that can help managers encourage two-way dialogues at work and stimulate more engaged, united teams.
Rather than giving directions, leaders can benefit from shifting toward inquiry. Asking a question is almost always better than telling someone what to do. When
leaders adopt a directive, “I have all the answers” approach to conversations, the other person is ultimately robbed of a learning opportunity to think for themselves.
Word choice in questioning also makes a difference to the tone of a
conversation. Too often, leaders ask questions that come across as insincere or
critical. To create a psychologically safe space for two-way conversations, replace
“why-based” questions with “what-based” ones. This almost always removes the
unintended personal inference and focuses on the situation itself. Asked in this way, the other person is more likely to ease into a more comfortable conversation and be more willing to explore specific reasons rather than feeling they need to defend their actions.
Learning when to hold back is equally important. Resisting the impulse (冲动) to interrupt the other person's thinking is one of the greatest gifts you can give them. Give them the space to do that valuable mental work. Filling the silence with your
voice could be disastrous.
Two-way conversations centered around asking powerful questions create
deeper, mutually trusting connections between colleagues and pave the way for more cooperative and engaged cultures.
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IV ．Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52．尽管被诊断出患有抑郁，但在家人帮助下，他最终战胜了病魔。(diagnose)(汉译英)
_________
53 ．这项法规将于下个月生效，在一定程度上会确保个人信息在网络上的安全。
(effect) (汉译英)
54．这位世界冠军卫冕成功，这离不开她日常坚持不懈的训练和赛场上良好的心理素质。(which) (汉译英)
55．这部聚焦生态保护的电视连续剧主题深刻、制作精湛，引起了强烈社会反响，成为今年的热门作品。(arouse) (汉译英)
V ．Guided Writing 56 ．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是中华中学的高三学生李华，你们学校的英文报准备办一期毕业班专刊，向广大高三学生征文，谈谈自己高中三年中印象最深刻的一节课。你打算投稿参加征文活动。内容须包括： 详细描述高中三年中印象最深刻的一节课； 说明这节课让你印象深刻的理由。 注：文中不得出现考生、学校、老师等的真实信息。
_________________________________________________________________
1 ．was inspired 2 ．had won 3 ．before 4 ．Having traveled##Having travelled
5 ．which 6 ．funding 7 ．under 8 ．how 9 ．based 10 ．to make
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了中国著名艺术家常沙娜与其父亲常书鸿毕生致力于敦煌艺术的保护与传承的故事。
1 ．考查时态语态。句意：她对敦煌的热爱受到父亲常书鸿的启发，常书鸿常被称为引入敦煌艺术的先驱。主语 Her passion 与 inspire 之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，故填 was inspired。
2 ．考查时态。句意：1943 年，她的父亲当时还是一位在法国赢得过多枚奖牌的有前途的艺术家，在阅读了有关敦煌洞窟艺术的文章后，决心为敦煌做出贡献。根据时间状语 In 1943以及语境可知，win 这一动作发生在 made up his mind 之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填 had won。
3．考查连词。句意：没过多久，他就搬到了中国西北甘肃省的一个偏远县城敦煌。It wasn’t long before...是固定句型，表示“没过多久就 ” 。故填 before。
4 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：1943 年秋天，这家人沿着崎岖的道路走了整整一个月，到达了尘土飞扬却令人兴奋的敦煌莫高窟。travel 在句中作非谓语动词，travel 这一动作发生在
arrived 之前，且与主语 the family 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词的完成式作状语。故填Having travel(l)ed。
5 ．考查定语从句。句意：1944 年，常书鸿创办了敦煌艺术研究所，即现在的敦煌研究院。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 Dunhuang Art Institute ，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词 which 引导该定语从句。故填 which。
6 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：更糟糕的是，战争期间，政府停止了对敦煌艺术研究院的资助。 stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事” ，所以空处应用动名词形式作宾语。故填 funding。
7 ．考查介词。句意：常沙娜在父亲、研究所的研究人员和来访艺术家的指导下临摹壁画。 under the guidance of...是固定短语，表示“在 的指导下” 。故填 under。
8 ．考查宾语从句。句意：她了解了很多关于壁画的知识，以及壁画的风格是如何演变的。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何” ，应用连接副词 how 引导该宾语从句。故填 how。
9 ．考查非谓语动词。句意：常完成了许多基于敦煌壁画的关键设计，包括人民大会堂的天花板。base 在句中作定语，be based on 表示“ 以 为基础”，所以空处应用过去分词形式作
后置定语，修饰 designs。故填 based。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意： 她现在正与一个电子商务平台合作推广她的作品，以确保这门千年艺术得以延续。make 在句中作非谓语动词，此处表目的，应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填 to make。
11 ．D 12 ．F 13 ．I 14 ．E 15 ．A 16 ．C 17 ．J 18 ．G 19 ．H
20 ．B
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人形机器人登上央视春晚舞台，向全球观众展示了中国机器人技术的巨大飞跃，从预设程序走向自主运行，从技术展示走向文化融合，标志着机器人商业化时代正式到来。
11．考查名词。句意：对于机器人行业来说，这不仅仅是一场表演，更是一次面向数十亿观众的高风险产品发布。空处位于形容词 high-risk 后，应用名词，launch 表示“ 发布，上市”，符合语境。故选 D。
12．考查形容词。句意：春晚的直播性质使其成为机器人的终极“压力测试”。空处修饰名词nature ，应用形容词，live-stream 表示“直播的” ，符合句意。故选 F。
13．考查形容词。句意：为了应对这一挑战，机器人再次以精准的动作和出色的稳定性让世界惊叹——演示在跑步、踢腿和从跳板上跳起后的平衡落地。空处修饰名词 movements，应用形容词，precise 表示“精确的，精准的” ，符合语境。故选 I。
14 ．考查名词。句意：与去年相比，这是一个巨大的飞跃，当时它们的 H1 机器人只能小心翼翼地完成“手绢舞” ，并且需要人类协助才能离开舞台。空处前有 a huge 修饰，应用名词， leap 表示“飞跃，进步” ，符合句意。故选 E。
15．考查形容词。句意：这种转变是明显的证据，证明该行业已经从预编程的“傀儡”发展到由先进稳定算法驱动的自主机器。空处修饰名词 machines，应用形容词，autonomous 表示“ 自主的” ，符合语境。故选 A。
16 ．考查形容词。句意：它们已成为中国团圆传统中不可或缺的一部分。根据空后的“to the Chinese tradition”可知，此处需要一个形容词。integral 意为“构成整体所必需的，不可或缺的” ，“be integral to...”表示“是 不可或缺的一部分” ，符合机器人融入家庭团圆场景的语境。故选 C。
17 ．考查副词。句意：在这部喜剧小品中，Noetix 的“Bumi”机器人参与了一个家庭场景，
巧妙地运用幽默来弥合机器与伙伴之间的鸿沟。空处修饰现在分词 using，应用副词，skillfully
表示“巧妙地，娴熟地”，符合语境。故选 J。
18 ．考查名词。句意：今年也标志着机器人从早期模型转向市场阶段。根据空前的“to the”可知，此处需要一个名词。marketplace 意为“市场” ，与前面的“early models(早期模型)”形成对比，指机器人从研发阶段进入了商业市场。故选 G。
19 ．考查名词。句意：张说：“重点已经从工厂车间转移到商业渠道，在商业渠道中，衡量一家公司健康的真正标准不再是它能制造多少机器人，而是它能成功地将多少机器人集成到现实世界中。”根据空前的“the real”和空后的“of a company’s health”可知，此处需要一个名词。 measure 意为“衡量标准”，符合句意。故选 H。
20．考查副词。句意： 一个机器人新时代正在形成——它牢牢地扎根于中国。空处修饰动词rooted，应用副词，firmly 表示“坚定地，牢牢地” ，“be firmly rooted in...”表示“深深扎根
于 ”，强调中国在该领域的基础和地位。故选 B。
21 ．B 22 ．D 23 ．B 24 ．A 25 ．C 26 ．D 27 ．A 28 ．C
29 ．D 30 ．A 31 ．C 32 ．A 33 ．B 34 ．B 35 ．C
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了前沿旅游越来越受欢迎，但这种新兴动态对地球和旅行者都存在风险。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所谓的“前沿旅游”正迅速受到普通度假爱好者的欢迎，这种新兴的动态对地球和旅行者来说并非没有风险。A. enduring 持久的；B. emerging 新兴的； C. intervening 发生于其间的，介于中间的；D. competing 竞争的，相互抵触的。根据前文“But more recently, the ranks of adventure travelers are growing, pursuing unforgettable excitement.”
可知，这是一种新兴的动态。故选 B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管令人难以置信，太空旅行正产生广泛的吸引力。A. panic恐慌；B. adoption 采用；C. perception 感知；D. appeal 吸引力。根据后文“While a space flight might certainly be unforgettable, there are also some health to consider.”可知，此处表示太空旅行是有吸引力的。故选 D。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然太空飞行肯定令人难忘，但也有一些健康问题需要考虑。 A. benefits 好处；B. consequences 后果；C. treatments 治疗；D. experiments 实验。根据后文““The extraordinary experience comes with the harsh impacts of radiation and gravity,” says an expert. “The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body, increasing the risk of a heart attack.” Space tourists are also 10 space rays, which can damage cells and
DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer.”可知，太空飞行有健康问题需要考虑。故选 B。
24 ．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：一位专家说：“非凡的经历伴随着辐射和改变的重力的严重影响。”A. altered 改变，更改；B. artificial 人工的；C. specific 具体的；D. intense强烈的。根据后文“The change in gravity can put an incredible amount of pressure on the body”以及常识可知，去往太空，重力会发生改变。故选 A。
25 ．考查动词短语辨析。句意：太空游客也会暴露在太空射线中，这会损害细胞和 DNA，增加患眼病和癌症的风险。A. prohibited by 被禁止；B. protected against 被保护免受；C.
exposed to 暴露于；D. excluded from 被排除在外。根据后文“which can damage cells and DNA, increasing the risks of eye disease and cancer”可知，太空游客暴露在太空射线中，对游客的身体造成损伤。故选 C。
26．考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：前沿旅游的另一个方面是探索这个星球上基本上未受现代化影响的环境。A. influenced 影响；B. dominated 支配；C. uninsured 未投保的；D. untouched 未受影响的。根据后文“However, increased travel to these areas drives pollution and upsets the sensitive balance of local ecosystems.”可知，探索的是未受现代化影响的地方。故选
D。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰，这一终极徒步目标，为此提供了一个生动的例子。A. example 例子；B. memory 记忆；C. contrast 对比；D. symbol 象征。根据后文“Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years.”可知，此处将攀登珠穆朗玛峰作为一个生动的例子。故选 A。
28 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这座拥挤的山峰每个季节在其大本营都会留下约 75 吨垃圾。A. overlooked 被忽视的；B. underpopulated 人口稀少的；C. overcrowded 拥挤的；D.
underestimated 被低估的。根据上文“Hikes to the peak have seen an enormous rise in interest in recent years.” 以及后文“mountain is left covered with some 75 tons of waste each season at its
base camp”可推知，攀登珠穆朗玛峰的人很多，所以此处表示这座山峰很拥挤。故选 C。
29 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前沿旅游也对南极洲等脆弱的目的地产生了有害影响。
A. jammed 堵塞的；B. nasty 令人厌恶的；C. potential 潜在的；D. delicate 脆弱的。根据后文“particularly as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers”可知，南极洲等目的地是很脆弱的。故选 D。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些奇妙地点的吸引力是有机会看到令人叹为观止的冰川和
多样的野生动物，特别是随着地球迅速变暖，这些冰川正在被破坏，该地区的野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。A. draw 吸引力；B. flexibility 灵活性；C. anchor 锚；D. practicability 实用性。根据后文“the opportunity to see breathtaking glaciers (冰山) and diverse wildlife”可知，
有机会看到冰川和多样的野生动物，这是这些地点的吸引力。故选 A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些奇妙地点的吸引力是有机会看到令人叹为观止的冰川和多样的野生动物，特别是随着地球迅速变暖，这些冰川正在被破坏，该地区的野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。A. feeding 喂养；B. breathing 呼吸；C. survival 生存；D. restoration 恢复。根据前文“as the rapidly warming planet destroys those very glaciers”可知，野生动物的生存变得越来越困难。故选 C。
32 ．考查名词词义辨析。句意：更糟的是，这是一个恶性循环。A. cycle 循环；B. format 格式；C. forecast 预测；D. complication 复杂问题。根据后文“The growing crowds are doing harm in the form of an even larger carbon footprint, one that’s worsening global warming issues
further.”可知，游客增多加剧变暖，形成恶性循环。故选 A。
33 ．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：根据国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的说法，现有的法规不足以保护环境免受旅游业的影响。A. strict 严格的；B. existing 现有的；C. global 全球的；
D. proposed 被提议的。根据后文“are not enough to protect the environment from tourism impacts”可知，现有的法规不足，所以不足以保护环境。故选 B。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：国际自然保护联盟的报告还强调，越来越多的游客抵达正在导致企鹅物种改变它们的繁殖和社交行为。A. facilities 设施；B. arrivals 抵达；C. destinations目的地；D. boosters 助推器。根据后文“are causing penguin (企鹅) species to change their
reproductive and social behaviors” 以及语境可知，游客去南极洲旅游，是游客的抵达导致企鹅物种改变它们的繁殖和社交行为。故选 B。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，前沿旅游是一种可能会继续不受约束地发展下去的趋势吗？A. unnoticed 未被注意到的；B. unchanged 未改变的；C. unchecked 不受约束的；
D. undamaged 未受损的。根据后文“Indeed, this type of tourism also requires “high responsibility from tourists and tour operators.””可知，此处在提出问题，前沿旅游是否会不受约束地发展下去。故选 C。
36 ．D 37 ．C 38 ．B 39 ．A
本文是一篇书评。文章主要讲述了作者对《马》这本书的介绍和推荐，阐述了马对人类历史发展的重要性。
36 ．细节理解题。根据第三段“The horse might have gone the way of its relatives had it not been domesticated like cattle. When someone decided to jump on the back of one of the
milder-tempered horses, it started “a revolution” that changed the world.(如果没有像牛一样被驯化，马可能也会像它的近亲一样走向灭绝。当有人决定跳上一匹性情温和的马的背上时，一场“革命”开始了，它改变了世界。)”可知，人类驯化帮助马避免了灭绝。故选 D。
37．细节理解题。根据第四段“When horses replaced cattle, their quicker speed allowed more land to be plowed (犁地), increased crop production and changed farmers who only grew food for
themselves to goods exporters.(当马取代牛时，它们更快的速度使更多的土地得以耕种，增加了农作物产量，并将只为自己种植粮食的农民转变为商品出口商。)”可知，由于在农业中使用马，农民可以生产更多的农作物。故选 C。
38．推理判断题。根据第六段“In relatively short order, cavalry units made the difference in battle. Those nations that had horses won wars; those that didn’t tried to get them. In many ways, these
conflicts created the world we have today.(在相对较短的时间内，骑兵部队在战斗中发挥了关键作用。那些拥有马匹的国家赢得了战争；那些没有马匹的国家则试图获得它们。在许多方面，这些冲突创造了我们今天的世界。)”可知，有马的国家赢得了战争，没有马的国家则试图获得它们，这表明马变得非常有价值，每个国家都想要它们。故选 B。
39 ．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“Some might suggest that a book about “the
influence of the horse on human history” couldn’t possibly be interesting. But in fact, Timothy C.
Winegard’s The Horse is fascinating, offering a fresh perspective on how crucial horses were in
human development. And it almost didn’t happen.(有人可能会认为，一本关于“马对人类历史的影响” 的书不可能有趣。但事实上，蒂莫西·C·温加德的《马》一书非常吸引人，它为马在人类发展中的关键作用提供了全新的视角。但这本书差点儿未能面世。)” 以及最后一段“The
Horse is extensively researched. It is interesting, charming and entertaining. But I know: I can
lead you to a bookstore, but I can’t make you read.(《马》这本书经过了广泛的研究。它有趣、迷人、娱乐性强。但我知道：我可以带你去书店，但我不能强迫你读。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍并推荐《马》这本书。故选 A。
40 ．B 41 ．D 42 ．D
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了与 HistoryExtra 团队取得联系的最佳方式，包括订阅管理、缺失刊物处理、联系方式等。
40 ．细节理解题。根据 Contact us using the help form (recommended)部分“Please have your
subscriber number ready You can find your 10-digit subscriber number (starting with 40 or AS)
(请准备好您的订阅号，您可以找到以 40 或 AS 开头的 10 位订阅号)”可知，使用在线帮助表单时需要订阅号。故选 B 项。
41．细节理解题。根据 Subscriptions 部分“If you are a subscriber, you can manage many common requests in My Account, including: Updating your address (如果您是订阅者，可以在“我的账户”中处理许多常见请求，包括更新地址)”可知，最直接的方式是登录“我的账户”更新地址。故选 D 项。
42．细节理解题。根据 All other inquiries (magazine, website, apps, feedback)部分“If you have comments, questions or feedback about our magazine, website or apps, we would love to hear
from you. Tel: 0117 300 8699 Email: historymagazine@ (如果您对我们的杂志、网站或应用程序有意见、问题或反馈，我们很乐意听取您的意见。电话：0117 300 8699 电子邮件：historymagazine@)”可知，如果你在美国，对杂志上的一篇文章有评论，你应该发送邮件至 historymagazine@。故选 D 项。
43 ．C 44 ．D 45 ．C 46 ．B
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了在不擅长的事情上失败的价值，指出失败虽然会带来心理上的痛苦，但可以激励人们在擅长的领域做得更好，或帮助人们学习新技能，并提供了如何将失败转化为进步的方法。
43 ．细节理解题。根据第三段中“As a group of psychologists reported when employees are
frustrated by their relative incompetence at one task, they tend to be motivated to show more
competence for something they’re already better at. (正如一组心理学家报告的那样，当员工因某项任务上的相对无能而感到沮丧时，他们往往会更有动力在他们已经更擅长的方面展现出更强的能力。)”可知，如果员工在一个新项目上失败后感到沮丧，他们可能会变得更有动力在自己的常规工作中表现出色。故选 C 项。
44 ．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The mental pain of failure can also stimulate you to become
better at the activity in which you lack competence — if you can reframe the negative experience as an indicator of personal growth. (失败带来的心理痛苦也可以激励你在自己能力不足的活动中做得更好——如果你能将这种负面经历重新定义为个人成长的标志。)”可知，失败帮助提升薄弱技能的一个关键要求是将挫折视为自我提升的机会。故选 D 项。
45 ．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Another helpful way to turn the discomfort of failure into a
source of progress is what psychologists call “action rumination.” It is task-focused and involves
replaying the exact missteps that one made and how they could be corrected in the future. (另一种将失败带来的不适转化为进步源泉的有效方法是心理学家所说的 action rumination。它以任务为中心，涉及重温一个人所犯的具体错误以及未来如何纠正这些错误。)”可知，“action rumination”指的是反思错误并寻找解决方案。故选 C 项。
46．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Doing something you’re bad at can make you better at what you’re good at, as well as potentially making you good at something new. (做你不擅长的事情可以让你更擅长你擅长的事情，并且可能让你擅长新的事情)”以及最后一段中“It is clear that although we hate to fail, doing so can be beneficial for learning a new skill and mastering an
old one. (很明显，尽管我们讨厌失败，但这样做对于学习新技能和掌握旧技能是有益的。)”可推知，作者的主要目的是阐述在不熟悉领域失败所蕴含的积极价值，并说服读者接受失败。故选 B 项。
47 ．C 48 ．B 49 ．A 50 ．F
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是科学家发现 2032 年大型太空岩石（小行星 2024 YR4）撞击地球的风险有所增加。
47 ．空前“Recent calculations suggest there is a small chance — perhaps around 1 to 3 percent — the space rock 2024 YR4 will hit Earth in 2032.(最近的计算表明，有一小概率（大概在 1% 到 3% 之间）这颗名为 2024 YR4 的太空岩石会在 2032 年撞击地球。)”说明了这颗名为 2024 YR4 的太空岩石有 1% 到 3%的几率 会在 2032 年撞击地球，C 选项“This also means there is around a 97 to 99 percent chance it will safely pass our planet in that year.(这意味着在那一年，它有大约 97% 到 99% 的几率安全地从我们这个星球旁经过。)”说明这颗岩石有 97% 到 99% 的几率从我们的星球旁经过，其中的97% 到 99%经过咱们的星球和前面的 1% 到 3%的几率撞击地球一致，因此符合语境。故选 C。
48 ．空前“NASA and the European Space Agency’s Webb Space Telescope will observe this
near-Earth asteroid in March before the object becomes impossible to see.(美国国家航空航天局
（NASA）和欧洲航天局的韦伯太空望远镜将于 3 月对该近地小行星进行观测，之后该天体将变得无法观测。)”说明美国国家航空航天局和欧洲航天局的“韦伯”空间望远镜将对这颗行星进行观测，之后就会看不到了，B 选项“Once that happens, scientists will have to wait until 2028 when it passes our way again.(一旦这种情况发生，科学家们就得等到 2028 年它再次经过我们所在的区域时才能进行观测。)”说明如果错过观测的时间意味着什么，承接上文，符合语境。故选 B。
49 ．空前“At first, NASA and the European Space Agency put the probability of a strike at just
over one percent.(起初，NASA 和欧洲航天局认为其撞击概率略高于 1%。)”说明了起初 NASA和欧洲航天局认为其撞击概率略高于 1% ，空格处应该说后来他们把这个概率定为多少，A选项“But later calculations suggested the probability had risen to 2 or even 3 percent.(但后来的计算表明，这种可能性已经上升到了 2% 或甚至 3%。)”说明了后来把概率定为了多少，承接上文，符合语境。故选 A。
50．空后“If the asteroid is smaller, the effect might be similar to the Tunguska event that flattened thousands of square kilometers of forest in Siberia in 1908. But if the asteroid is larger, close to
100 meters, the effects would be significantly worse.(如果这颗小行星较小，其影响可能与 1908年发生在西伯利亚、夷平了数千平方公里森林的通古斯事件相似。但如果这颗小行星较大，接近 100 米，其影响将会严重得多。)”说明的是小行星是大或小分别会有什么不同的影响， F 选项“Since the asteroid’s size and orbit are uncertain, it is unclear where it might hit and what
the possible effects would be should it strike Earth.(由于这颗小行星的大小和轨道尚不确定，因此尚不清楚它可能撞击地球的地点，也不清楚若撞击地球会产生何种影响。)”说明了小行星的大小和轨道的不确定性会造成它可能撞击地球的地点及影响的不确定性，引出后文的两种不同的影响，符合语境。故选 F。
51 ． Managers often dominate conversations, limiting team trust and employees ’ skill
development. To boost two-way communication, they should ask questions instead of telling in
order to encourage independent thinking, use “what” rather than “why” to avoid sounding critical, and resist interrupting to create thinking space. These changes encourage trust and a better team culture. (53 words)
52 ．Although diagnosed with depression, he eventually overcame the illness with the help of his family.
53 ．This regulation is to take effect next month, and will to some extent ensure the security of personal information online.
考查动词短语和时态。表示“这项法规”用 this regulation ，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“下个月”用 next month，表示“生效”用 take effect，结合语境可知，本句描述的是计划好的事情，用一般将来时 be to do sth.，主语是 this regulation，be 动词使用 is，即 is to take effect；表示“在一定程度上”用 to some extent，作状语；表示“会确保”用 will ensure，与 is to take effect 并列，使用并列连词 and 连接，作并列谓语；表示“个人信息在网络上的安全”用 the security of personal information online ，作 ensure 的宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为 This regulation is to take effect next month, and will to some extent ensure the security of
personal information online.
54 ．The world champion successfully defended her title, which was inseparable from her persistent daily training and good psychological quality on the field.
考查时态和定语从句。表示“这位世界冠军”用 the world champion ，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“卫冕成功”用 successfully defend her title ，结合语境可知，本句描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式 defended；“这”指代上文的整个句子，使用 which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，表示“离不开”使用固定短语 be inseparable from，which 指代前边的句子，be 动词使用 was，表示“她日常坚持不懈的训练”用 her persistent daily training ，作 from 的宾语；表示“和”用 and ，连接两个并列的宾语；表示“赛场上良好的心理素质”用 good psychological quality on the field，作from 的宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为 The world champion successfully defended her title, which was inseparable from her persistent daily training and good psychological quality on
the field.
55 ．The TV series focusing on ecological protection, with its insightful theme and superb production, has aroused a strong social response and become a hit this year.
考查非谓语动词和时态。“这部电视连续剧”为“The TV series” ；“ 聚焦”用 focus on，这里用现在分词短语“focusing on ecological protection”作后置定语修饰 the TV series ；“主题 深刻、制作精湛”可处理为 with its insightful theme and superb production ，作伴随状语 ；“ 引起”使用题目要求的 arouse ，“强烈社会反响”是 a strong social response ，句子强调对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，arouse 的过去分词是 aroused ；“成为热门作品” 即 become a hit ， become 的过去分词为 become。故翻译为：The TV series focusing on ecological protection, with
its insightful theme and superb production, has aroused a strong social response and become a hit this year.
56．
An Unforgettable Lesson
Looking back on my three years of senior high school, one particular English class stands out as the most impressive. It was a rainy afternoon when our teacher organized a group
discussion about facing pressure before the college entrance examination. Instead of explaining test points repeatedly, she encouraged everyone to share our worries and experiences freely.
Deeply touched, I opened my heart and expressed my anxiety about exams. To my surprise, my classmates comforted me warmly, and our teacher shared practical ways to relax and stay
confident. She told us that progress matters more than perfect scores, which instantly calmed my restless mind.
This lesson impressed me deeply not only because it freed me from heavy pressure but also because it taught me the importance of bravery and communication. It has become a valuable
memory and has encouraged me to face challenges positively on my journey to growth.
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