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Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
What's the main idea of the text？(　 )
A．The equipment for space exploration.
B．The importance of space exploration.
C．The challenges of space exploration.
D．The dangers of space exploration.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．When did Neil Armstrong first land on the Moon？(　 )
A．In 1969.　　　　　　　 B．In 1996.
C．In 1869. D．In 1959.
2．How does the author show the wide application of space exploration？(　 )
A．By making a comparison.
B．By giving a definition.
C．By listing examples.
D．By citing statistics.
3．According to the author, what is by far the biggest reason for humans to explore space？(　 )
A．To expand our understanding of the universe.
B．To make our lives safer and easier.
C．To bring great economic value.
D．To provide education and inspiration for the next generation.
(二)阅读表达
1．The article talks about the advantages of space exploration.Do you agree or disagree with the author's opinion？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
2．What do you think the future of space exploration holds for human understanding？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
|阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　
本文为“总－分”结构的议论文。作者开篇设问，导入主题，随后从五个层面分析原因，展开论述。这种结构脉络清晰，逻辑性强，阅读时可先抓首段，找到论点，在把握文章重心的前提下，再通读文章。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous, can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money.
赏析：本句使用了修饰词extremely、 very以及huge，突出了太空探索的高难度、高危性以及历时之久、耗资之巨。用好形容词、副词可以更准确地刻画描写对象，同时也能给文章增添文采。
2．We long to visit thick and wild forests, climb vast mountain ranges, and cross deep oceans.We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all — space.
赏析：本句在描述人类对未知的好奇时，使用了long to do 以及desire to do，这些近义词的使用凸显了人类的好奇心和对探索的渴望，同时也避免了语言的重复，彰显了用词的灵活性。
3．Exploring space helps address fundamental questions about our place in the universe and the history of our solar system.
赏析：本句中的address常见义为名词“地址”，在此用作动词“解决”。熟词生义及名词动用都是词汇运用中较高级的手法，可以体现写作的功底。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①Although technology has changed the way we make friends, the meaning of friendship and ________________________________.
尽管技术已经改变了我们交友的方式，但友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然没变。
②I've learned three foreign languages because I ________________________________.
我已经学了三门外语，因为我渴望探索不同的文化。
(二)赏句式之高　
1．With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.
赏析：此处主干句中使用了倒装结构，逗号后为现在分词短语作状语，表示自然而然的结果。整个句子简短凝练，重点突出。
2．It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.
赏析：本句使用了强调句型“It is ...that ...”，突出了太空探索的重大意义。强调句型突出表达的重点。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①Christopher Columbus (1451－1506) was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas，____________________ European exploration of the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了从西班牙到美洲的航行，从而标志着欧洲人对美洲探险的开始。
②________________________________________________ resulted in my steady progress.
正是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
(三)赏修辞之功　
As Stephen Hawking once said, “Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.Be curious.”
赏析：此处引用了著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的名言，增强了语言的表达效果。名人名言富有启发性，语言精练，哲理性强。引用名人名言来论证自己的观点，不仅能增强说服力和权威性，还能激发读者的阅读兴趣，也能升华主题。
[提能训练]　(翻译句子)
①The most important advice I'd give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou.She said, “Be a rainbow in somebody else's cloud.”
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①nature　②evolution　③safer and easier　④economic　⑤inspiration
(二)B
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～3　ACD
(二)1.No，I do not agree with the author's opinion. In my opinion，the focus should be on developing technology to keep the Earth and all its inhabitants safe and healthy.After all, this planet is our home.
2．The future of space exploration will expand our understanding of our role as humans.As space exploration reveals more mysteries, our perspective of our planet and ourselves will change.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①our longing for friends remain the same
②desire to explore different cultures
(二)①thus marking the beginning of
②It was my teacher's encouragement and help that
(三)①我能给大家最重要的建议是作家玛雅·安吉罗的一句精彩名言。她说：“要成为别人云朵中的一道彩虹。”
②正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，哪怕他拥有其他所有财富。
4 / 4(共62张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”
的课文习读环节
目 录
NO.1 课文阅读理解
NO.2 课文写法借鉴
课时检测
课文阅读理解
NO.1
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
nature
evolution
safer and easier
economic
inspiration
(二)把握主旨大意
What's the main idea of the text
A．The equipment for space exploration.
B．The importance of space exploration.
C．The challenges of space exploration.
D．The dangers of space exploration.
√
(一)阅读理解
1．When did Neil Armstrong first land on the Moon
A．In 1969.　　　　　　　 B．In 1996.
C．In 1869. D．In 1959.
√
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
2．How does the author show the wide application of space exploration
A．By making a comparison.
B．By giving a definition.
C．By listing examples.
D．By citing statistics.
√
3．According to the author, what is by far the biggest reason for humans to explore space
A．To expand our understanding of the universe.
B．To make our lives safer and easier.
C．To bring great economic value.
D．To provide education and inspiration for the next generation.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．The article talks about the advantages of space exploration.Do you agree or disagree with the author's opinion？(The answers may vary.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
No，I do not agree with the author's opinion. In my opinion，the focus should be on developing technology to keep the Earth and all its inhabitants safe and healthy.After all, this planet is our home.
2．What do you think the future of space exploration holds for human understanding？(The answers may vary.)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The future of space exploration will expand our understanding of our role as humans.As space exploration reveals more mysteries, our perspective of our planet and ourselves will change.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　
本文为“总－分”结构的议论文。作者开篇设问，导入主题，随后从五个层面分析原因，展开论述。这种结构脉络清晰，逻辑性强，阅读时可先抓首段，找到论点，在把握文章重心的前提下，再通读 文章。
课文写法借鉴
NO.2
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous, can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money.
赏析：本句使用了修饰词extremely、 very以及huge，突出了太空探索的高难度、高危性以及历时之久、耗资之巨。用好形容词、副词可以更准确地刻画描写对象，同时也能给文章增添文采。
2．We long to visit thick and wild forests, climb vast mountain ranges, and cross deep oceans.We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all — space.
赏析：本句在描述人类对未知的好奇时，使用了long to do 以及desire to do，这些近义词的使用凸显了人类的好奇心和对探索的渴望，同时也避免了语言的重复，彰显了用词的灵活性。
3．Exploring space helps address fundamental questions about our place in the universe and the history of our solar system.
赏析：本句中的address常见义为名词“地址”，在此用作动词“解决”。熟词生义及名词动用都是词汇运用中较高级的手法，可以体现写作的功底。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①Although technology has changed the way we make friends, the meaning of friendship and ___________________________________.
尽管技术已经改变了我们交友的方式，但友情的意义和我们对友谊的渴望依然没变。
②I've learned three foreign languages because I _______________ ________________.
我已经学了三门外语，因为我渴望探索不同的文化。
our longing for friends remain the same
desire to explore
different cultures
(二)赏句式之高　
1．With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.
赏析：此处主干句中使用了倒装结构，逗号后为现在分词短语作状语，表示自然而然的结果。整个句子简短凝练，重点突出。
2．It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made.
赏析：本句使用了强调句型“It is ...that ...”，突出了太空探索的重大意义。强调句型突出表达的重点。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①Christopher Columbus (1451－1506) was an Italian explorer who completed journeys between Spain and the Americas，______ ________________________ European exploration of the Americas.
克里斯托弗·哥伦布(1451－1506)是一位意大利探险家，他完成了从西班牙到美洲的航行，从而标志着欧洲人对美洲探险的开始。
②____________________________________________ resulted in my steady progress.
正是老师的鼓励和帮助让我稳步前进。
thus
marking the beginning of
It was my teacher's encouragement and help that
(三)赏修辞之功　
As Stephen Hawking once said, “Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet.Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist.Be curious.”
赏析：此处引用了著名科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的名言，增强了语言的表达效果。名人名言富有启发性，语言精练，哲理性强。引用名人名言来论证自己的观点，不仅能增强说服力和权威性，还能激发读者的阅读兴趣，也能升华主题。
[提能训练]　(翻译句子)
①The most important advice I'd give is these wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou.She said, “Be a rainbow in somebody else's cloud.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
我能给大家最重要的建议是作家玛雅·安吉罗的一句精彩名言。她说：“要成为别人云朵中的一道彩虹。”
②As Aristotle said, no one would choose to live without friends, even if he had all other goods.
___________________________________________________________________________
正如亚里士多德所说：没有人会选择没有朋友的生活，哪怕他拥有其他所有财富。
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years： Watching the annual Perseid meteor shower (流星雨)．But this time, as the meteors flashed across the sky, I, a junior girl, began to question, “Could my lifelong love for astronomy be more than a hobby？”
I grew up in a small town, where even graduating from high school was not a given for many students.But I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad — a pharmacist (药剂师), one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy, the science of preparing medicines, at the University of North Carolina.
The university was only a 3.5－hour drive away, but it felt across the universe.In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree, I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered — neuroscience, archaeology, and even astrophysics.Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.As my birthday and the Perseid meteor shower approached, I was faced with a decision： Should I stick to my long－standing plans or take a step into the unknown
Ultimately, a solar eclipse (日食) helped me make my decision.As the Moon gradually shaded the Sun, the world darkened around me.The stillness of the water, the desperate calls of birds, and the fading sunset deeply moved me.I knew what I had to do.I dropped out of pharmacy school to pursue previously unimagined options.
Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics, starting a PhD in astronomy, and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams.As I approach the final year of my PhD, I realize that growing up with the night sky gave me a valuable gift.It gave me an insight into life： On the scale of our vast universe, our individual needs, desires, fears, and insecurities shrink to insignificance, bringing humanity together.It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self－doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在追求药学学位的过程中，因对天文学的热爱和一次观看日食的经历，最终决定追随梦想，转行投身天文学的故事。
1．What motivated the author to major in pharmacy
A．Her ambition to become a doctor.
B．The encouragement of her friend.
C．Her childhood passion for pharmacy.
D．The influence of her best friend's father.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad — a pharmacist, one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy, the science of preparing medicines, at the University of North Carolina.”可知，作者选择药学专业是受到了她好朋友父亲的影响。
2．How did the author's experience at university shape her
A．It helped her stick to her belief.
B．It opened her mind to new ideas.
C．It enhanced her pharmacy study.
D．It developed her thinking abilities.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered — neuroscience, archaeology, and even astrophysics.Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.”可知，进入大学后作者了解到更多的领域，而且从事这些不同学科的人的激情打开了作者的眼界，由此可知，大学的经历为作者打开了新思路。
3．What can we learn from the author's understanding of life
A．Accepting insecurities helps us handle challenges.
B．Personal problems still matter in the vast universe.
C．It's vital to pursue dreams despite personal challenges.
D．It is small and unimportant things that mean a lot to us.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics, starting a PhD in astronomy, and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams.”以及下文的“It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self－doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.”可知，作者认为尽管面临个人挑战，追求梦想是非常重要的。
4．Which of the following best describes the author
A．Caring and patient. B．Modest and honest.
C．Generous and helpful. D．Curious and determined.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者遇到了从事不同科学分支工作的人们，这些经历打开了她的眼界，体现了她对新知识和领域的探索欲；作者在生日时观看一年一度的英仙座流星雨，并开始思考自己对天文学的热爱是否可以超越爱好，这显示了她对宇宙的好奇心。结合最后一段第一句可知，她在追逐梦想的道路上坚定不移，综合以上信息可知，作者是有好奇心且坚定的。
√
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honor.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈雷彗星被发现的过程。
5．How did Halley make his discovery
A．By doing experiments.
B．By means of his own careful observation.
C．By using the work of other scientists.
D．By chance.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出的。
6．What can we know from the text
A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C．Newton was a famous mathematician.
D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.”可知，牛顿是一位著名的数学家。
7．When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A．In 1704.　　　　　　　 B．In 1705.
C．In 1706. D．In 1707.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知，哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。
8．What is this text mainly about
A．Halley and other scientists. B．The orbit of a comet.
C．Newton and Halley. D．Halley and his discovery.
√
解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段前三句可知，文章主要介绍了哈雷及其发现；此外，也可以从文章的首尾段看出本文的主旨大意。
C( )
Every six－year－old wants to be an astronaut.This career goal is right up there with firefighter, detective, cowboy and ballet dancer.Before long, though, most recognize that they do not meet, and will in fact never meet the non－negotiable physical standards for the job.In fact, survival chances for any long－term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts.Here we will use the example of a totally blind astronaut.
On a spacewalk in 2001, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield was temporarily blinded by a combination of soap and tears inside his helmet.The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over－rely on hand－eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information.For blind astronauts, the priority would be to design suits with better flexibility and increased touch feedback, so the hands could be used more easily to explore and control tools.
Generally speaking, in a serious accident, the first thing to go might be the lights! This often means that the first thing a sighted astronaut must do for security is ensure visual access to the environment.He hunts for a flashlight, and if emergency lighting comes on, his eyes take a moment to adjust.Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem.In the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station in 1997, the crew struggled as smoke blocked their view.The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke.She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise.
Furthermore, a blind astronaut won't feel the sickness caused by the lack of a visual horizon nor be lost by the frightening view during spacewalks.Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about the damage microgravity does to vision as fluid accumulates in the eye.So as a space observer, I strongly believe spaceflight can be made safer with a blind crewmate aboard.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了残疾人(盲人)也能成为宇航员的优势。
9．What does the author imply in the first paragraph about being an astronaut
A．The dream to be an astronaut fades with age.
B．Astronauts should be physically perfect.
C．One with disability can also be an astronaut.
D．Physical standards are not important.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In fact, survival chances for any long－term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts.”可知，作者在第一段暗示了残疾人也可以成为宇航员。
10．What's the real problem during Chris Hadfield's spacewalk
A．He depended too much on his eyesight.
B．He ignored other sensory information.
C．He was unable to see anything in space.
D．He was influenced by tears in his helmet.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over－rely on hand－eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information.”可知，真正的问题是过于依赖视力，而忽视了其他有用的感官信息。
11．The author mentions the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station to show blind astronauts ________.
A．are better than common astronauts
B．may have quicker reaction to danger
C．can put things into their correct place
D．are good at using fire extinguishers
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem ...The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke.She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise.”可知，作者提到俄罗斯和平号空间站的火灾是为了表明盲人宇航员对危险的反应可能更快。
12．What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A．The future of spaceflight.
B．The dilemma of spaceflight.
C．The blind astronauts' prospects.
D．The blind astronauts' advantages.
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段“Furthermore, a blind astronaut won't feel ...Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about ...”可知，本段主要讲述了盲人宇航员的优势。
√
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Exploring the planets with an amateur telescope
If you're a new telescope owner, the whole sky is your playground. 13 The brightest ones stand out in the night sky and are easy to spot through your telescope.
14 In general, small telescopes with low magnification (放大率) will not show as much details as larger amateur telescopes at higher magnification.
Many experienced amateur observers let their telescopes get used to outside temperatures. 15 While the equipment is cooling down, observers gather their star charts, warm clothes, and other accessories (配件)．
Most telescopes come with eyepieces.It's always best to check the guide to see which one is best for planetary viewing.In general, look for eyepieces with names like Pl ssl or Orthoscopic, in lengths of three to nine millimeters. 16
If this all seems confusing, it's always a good idea to take the telescope to a local astronomy club, a camera store, or a planetarium (天文馆) for advice from more experienced observers. 17
It's important to research which stars will be in the sky at any given time.Magazines such as Sky & Telescope publish charts each month on their websites showing what's visible.Astronomy software packages, hike Stellarium, have much of the same information.There are also smartphone apps that provide star charts at your fingertips.
A．This takes about 30 minutes.
B．There's a wealth of information available online, too.
C．There's no “one size fits all” solution to planet－gazing.
D．But if you're a beginner, you may want to start by looking for planets.
E．The easiest object in the sky to observe with a telescope is the Moon.
F．Which one to choose depends on the size and focal length of the telescope.
G．Magnification means how many times larger a telescope will make an object look.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向刚刚买了望远镜想要观察星空的初学者提出了一些建议。
13．选D　空前句引出话题，说明有了新望远镜就可以探索星空。空后句提到用望远镜可以看到夜空中最亮的星星。故D项“但如果你是初学者，你可能想从寻找行星开始”和上文形成转折关系，语义相衔接。下文中“The brightest ones”指代该项中的“planets”。
14．选C　下文从另一个侧面说明，在观测过程中，不能保证所有的条件都完美，并没有可以解决一切问题的方案。故C项“对于行星观测，没有‘一刀切’的解决方案”对下文进行总结，符合语境。
15．选A　结合空前和空后内容可知，该段主要讲述经验丰富的业余观察员通常会在室外调试望远镜以适应室外温度，然后再开展观测工作。而这中间就需要讲到冷却时间。故A项“这大约需要30分钟”承上启下，符合语境。
16．选F　空前提到要选择最适合行星观测的目镜。故F项“选择哪一个取决于望远镜的大小和焦距的长短”承接上文，符合语境。
17．选B　上文提到对于以上提到的“室外调试”“目镜选用”等建议还有困惑的情况下，可以去天文俱乐部、相机商店或天文馆等地寻求帮助。故B项“网上也有大量可用的信息”承接上文，符合语境。UNIT 2　课时检测(五)　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
It was my birthday, and I was celebrating it as I had for years: Watching the annual Perseid meteor shower (流星雨)．But this time, as the meteors flashed across the sky, I, a junior girl, began to question, “Could my lifelong love for astronomy be more than a hobby？”
I grew up in a small town, where even graduating from high school was not a given for many students.But I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad — a pharmacist (药剂师), one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy, the science of preparing medicines, at the University of North Carolina.
The university was only a 3.5 hour drive away, but it felt across the universe.In the weeks since I began my pharmacy degree, I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered — neuroscience, archaeology, and even astrophysics.Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.As my birthday and the Perseid meteor shower approached, I was faced with a decision: Should I stick to my long standing plans or take a step into the unknown
Ultimately, a solar eclipse (日食) helped me make my decision.As the Moon gradually shaded the Sun, the world darkened around me.The stillness of the water, the desperate calls of birds, and the fading sunset deeply moved me.I knew what I had to do.I dropped out of pharmacy school to pursue previously unimagined options.
Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics, starting a PhD in astronomy, and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams.As I approach the final year of my PhD, I realize that growing up with the night sky gave me a valuable gift.It gave me an insight into life: On the scale of our vast universe, our individual needs, desires, fears, and insecurities shrink to insignificance, bringing humanity together.It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.
1．What motivated the author to major in pharmacy
A．Her ambition to become a doctor.
B．The encouragement of her friend.
C．Her childhood passion for pharmacy.
D．The influence of her best friend's father.
2．How did the author's experience at university shape her
A．It helped her stick to her belief.
B．It opened her mind to new ideas.
C．It enhanced her pharmacy study.
D．It developed her thinking abilities.
3．What can we learn from the author's understanding of life
A．Accepting insecurities helps us handle challenges.
B．Personal problems still matter in the vast universe.
C．It's vital to pursue dreams despite personal challenges.
D．It is small and unimportant things that mean a lot to us.
4．Which of the following best describes the author
A．Caring and patient.
B．Modest and honest.
C．Generous and helpful.
D．Curious and determined.
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction of what comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honor.
5．How did Halley make his discovery
A．By doing experiments.
B．By means of his own careful observation.
C．By using the work of other scientists.
D．By chance.
6．What can we know from the text
A．Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
B．Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C．Newton was a famous mathematician.
D．The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
7．When did Halley make a surprising, but correct prediction
A．In 1704.　　　　　　　 B．In 1705.
C．In 1706. D．In 1707.
8．What is this text mainly about
A．Halley and other scientists.
B．The orbit of a comet.
C．Newton and Halley.
D．Halley and his discovery.
C()
Every six year old wants to be an astronaut.This career goal is right up there with firefighter, detective, cowboy and ballet dancer.Before long, though, most recognize that they do not meet, and will in fact never meet the non negotiable physical standards for the job.In fact, survival chances for any long term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts.Here we will use the example of a totally blind astronaut.
On a spacewalk in 2001, Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield was temporarily blinded by a combination of soap and tears inside his helmet.The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over rely on hand eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information.For blind astronauts, the priority would be to design suits with better flexibility and increased touch feedback, so the hands could be used more easily to explore and control tools.
Generally speaking, in a serious accident, the first thing to go might be the lights! This often means that the first thing a sighted astronaut must do for security is ensure visual access to the environment.He hunts for a flashlight, and if emergency lighting comes on, his eyes take a moment to adjust.Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem.In the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station in 1997, the crew struggled as smoke blocked their view.The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke.She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise.
Furthermore, a blind astronaut won't feel the sickness caused by the lack of a visual horizon nor be lost by the frightening view during spacewalks.Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about the damage microgravity does to vision as fluid accumulates in the eye.So as a space observer, I strongly believe spaceflight can be made safer with a blind crewmate aboard.
9．What does the author imply in the first paragraph about being an astronaut
A．The dream to be an astronaut fades with age.
B．Astronauts should be physically perfect.
C．One with disability can also be an astronaut.
D．Physical standards are not important.
10．What's the real problem during Chris Hadfield's spacewalk
A．He depended too much on his eyesight.
B．He ignored other sensory information.
C．He was unable to see anything in space.
D．He was influenced by tears in his helmet.
11．The author mentions the fire aboard the Russian Mir space station to show blind astronauts __________.
A．are better than common astronauts
B．may have quicker reaction to danger
C．can put things into their correct place
D．are good at using fire extinguishers
12．What is the main idea of paragraph 4
A．The future of spaceflight.
B．The dilemma of spaceflight.
C．The blind astronauts' prospects.
D．The blind astronauts' advantages.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Exploring the planets with an amateur telescope
If you're a new telescope owner, the whole sky is your playground.__13__ The brightest ones stand out in the night sky and are easy to spot through your telescope.
__14__ In general, small telescopes with low magnification (放大率) will not show as much details as larger amateur telescopes at higher magnification.
Many experienced amateur observers let their telescopes get used to outside temperatures.__15__ While the equipment is cooling down, observers gather their star charts, warm clothes, and other accessories (配件)．
Most telescopes come with eyepieces.It's always best to check the guide to see which one is best for planetary viewing.In general, look for eyepieces with names like Pl ssl or Orthoscopic, in lengths of three to nine millimeters.__16__
If this all seems confusing, it's always a good idea to take the telescope to a local astronomy club, a camera store, or a planetarium (天文馆) for advice from more experienced observers.__17__
It's important to research which stars will be in the sky at any given time.Magazines such as Sky & Telescope publish charts each month on their websites showing what's visible.Astronomy software packages, hike Stellarium, have much of the same information.There are also smartphone apps that provide star charts at your fingertips.
A．This takes about 30 minutes.
B．There's a wealth of information available online, too.
C．There's no “one size fits all” solution to planet gazing.
D．But if you're a beginner, you may want to start by looking for planets.
E．The easiest object in the sky to observe with a telescope is the Moon.
F．Which one to choose depends on the size and focal length of the telescope.
G．Magnification means how many times larger a telescope will make an object look.
UNIT 2　课时检测(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在追求药学学位的过程中，因对天文学的热爱和一次观看日食的经历，最终决定追随梦想，转行投身天文学的故事。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But I was driven to pursue my education, and like my best friend's dad — a pharmacist, one of the few professional role models in my neighborhood, therefore, I chose to major in pharmacy, the science of preparing medicines, at the University of North Carolina.”可知，作者选择药学专业是受到了她好朋友父亲的影响。
2．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I had met people with jobs and PhDs in different branches of science I had never considered — neuroscience, archaeology, and even astrophysics.Their passion and knowledge opened my eyes to worlds I had never imagined.”可知，进入大学后作者了解到更多的领域，而且从事这些不同学科的人的激情打开了作者的眼界，由此可知，大学的经历为作者打开了新思路。
3．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Facing years of challenges and growth, I worked odd jobs before earning a second degree in physics, starting a PhD in astronomy, and realized that the night sky's vastness inspired me to overcome doubts and follow my dreams.”以及下文的“It liberated me from allowing earthly worries, shame, or self doubt to stand in the way of pursuing new dreams.”可知，作者认为尽管面临个人挑战，追求梦想是非常重要的。
4．选D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，作者遇到了从事不同科学分支工作的人们，这些经历打开了她的眼界，体现了她对新知识和领域的探索欲；作者在生日时观看一年一度的英仙座流星雨，并开始思考自己对天文学的热爱是否可以超越爱好，这显示了她对宇宙的好奇心。结合最后一段第一句可知，她在追逐梦想的道路上坚定不移，综合以上信息可知，作者是有好奇心且坚定的。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哈雷彗星被发现的过程。
5．选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出的。
6．选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician.”可知，牛顿是一位著名的数学家。
7．选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”可知，哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。
8．选D　主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其是第一段前三句可知，文章主要介绍了哈雷及其发现；此外，也可以从文章的首尾段看出本文的主旨大意。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了残疾人(盲人)也能成为宇航员的优势。
9．选C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In fact, survival chances for any long term mission will be greatly improved by loosening the restrictions until all people, regardless of disability, are able to be astronauts.”可知，作者在第一段暗示了残疾人也可以成为宇航员。
10．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The real problem was not that he was unable to see, but it was that the current spacesuit design forces astronauts to over rely on hand eye cooperation to the exclusion of other useful sensory information.”可知，真正的问题是过于依赖视力，而忽视了其他有用的感官信息。
11．选B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Meanwhile, the blind astronaut is already heading toward the source of the problem ...The blind astronaut, while still affected by the lack of good air, would not be bothered by either dull lighting or heavy smoke.She would accurately direct the fire extinguisher at the source of heat and noise.”可知，作者提到俄罗斯和平号空间站的火灾是为了表明盲人宇航员对危险的反应可能更快。
12．选D　段落大意题。根据第四段“Furthermore, a blind astronaut won't feel ...Similarly, there would be little reason to worry about ...”可知，本段主要讲述了盲人宇航员的优势。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向刚刚买了望远镜想要观察星空的初学者提出了一些建议。
13．选D　空前句引出话题，说明有了新望远镜就可以探索星空。空后句提到用望远镜可以看到夜空中最亮的星星。故D项“但如果你是初学者，你可能想从寻找行星开始”和上文形成转折关系，语义相衔接。下文中“The brightest ones”指代该项中的“planets”。
14．选C　下文从另一个侧面说明，在观测过程中，不能保证所有的条件都完美，并没有可以解决一切问题的方案。故C项“对于行星观测，没有‘一刀切’的解决方案”对下文进行总结，符合语境。
15．选A　结合空前和空后内容可知，该段主要讲述经验丰富的业余观察员通常会在室外调试望远镜以适应室外温度，然后再开展观测工作。而这中间就需要讲到冷却时间。故A项“这大约需要30分钟”承上启下，符合语境。
16．选F　空前提到要选择最适合行星观测的目镜。故F项“选择哪一个取决于望远镜的大小和焦距的长短”承接上文，符合语境。
17．选B　上文提到对于以上提到的“室外调试”“目镜选用”等建议还有困惑的情况下，可以去天文俱乐部、相机商店或天文馆等地寻求帮助。故B项“网上也有大量可用的信息”承接上文，符合语境。
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