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Section Ⅰ　“Reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What is the passage mainly about？(　 )
A．Zheng He and Christopher Columbus's contributions to the world.
B．The voyages of two famous explorers: Zheng He and Christopher Columbus.
C．The new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
D．The life experiences of two famous explorers.
2．Read the first text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A．The acknowledgement of Zheng
He's achievements.
Para.2　B．The seven voyages.
Para.3　C．The significance of the seven
voyages.
Para.4　D．Personal information and the first
voyage.
3．Read the second text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A．Details of Christopher
Columbus's discovery.
Para.2　B．The significance of Christopher
Columbus's discovery.
Para.3　C．Personal information about
Columbus.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．What can we learn about Zheng He's voyages from the first two paragraphs？(　 )
A．All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B．Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C．Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D．It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
2．How did Zheng He's seven voyages affect China and its neighbours？(　 )
A．They promoted its neighbours' economy.
B．They let its neighbours know China better.
C．They made these countries and regions stronger.
D．They improved the relations between western countries.
3．What helped to prove that Zheng He's voyages were not legends？(　 )
A．The harmonious relations with other countries and regions.
B．The detailed maps of the voyages — Zheng He's Navigation Map.
C．Chinese people's better understanding of overseas lands.
D．An enormous shipyard being discovered in Nanjing.
4．What inspired Columbus to begin his career as a seaman？(　 )
A．His love for sailing and his interest in history.
B．His love for sailing and his interest in geography.
C．His love for sailing and his interest in politics.
D．His love for sailing and his interest in physics.
5．Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus's journey？(　 )
A．The bad weather during the journey.
B．The longer time of the journey.
C．One of the ships was leaking badly.
D．The shortage of food.
6．What is Columbus's major contribution？(　 )
A．The discovery of the New World.
B．The discovery of the Caribbean.
C．The discovery of the East Indies.
D．The discovery of the Atlantic Ocean.
(二)阅读表达
1．What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful
Zheng He：________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
Columbus: ________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
2．What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
|阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　
本文的语篇类型为说明文，文章按照时间发展顺序展开论述。第一篇文章以郑和首次远航开篇，重点强调第一次航行的规模之大，突出中国古代先进的航海和造船技术。第二篇文章聚焦哥伦布第一次航海过程中遇到的挑战，体现了哥伦布作为航海家敢于冒险和勇于承担责任的优秀品质。文章运用各类事实信息，增强了论述的说服力。读文时应注意把握时间关键词，理清时间线，同时，重点梳理各个时间点上的事实信息。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China's greatest explorers, set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.
赏析：本句中使用短语set sail来描写郑和率领船队扬帆起航，用词形象、贴切，生动地再现了当时的场景。
2．In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer.
赏析：本句中使用了短语set foot来描写郑和到过的地方，用词生动、形象。
3．The journey was full of challenges: it took longer than expected, they faced a shortage of food, and one of the ships was leaking badly, which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.
赏析：本句中的grave一词的原义是“坟墓”，此处用作形容词，意为“重大的，严重的”，用词精准，突出了危险的程度。
4．Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.
赏析：本句中，介词短语Regardless of all the challenges与谓语managed to搭配使用，凸显了哥伦布英勇无畏、勇于担责的形象。
[提能训练]　(选用上述词汇完成下列句子)
①Soon after ________________________， a terrible storm blew up.
船启航后不久，一场可怕的暴风雨就来临了。
②It was the first time that ________________ the African continent.
那是我第一次踏上非洲大陆。
③The consequences will be ________________ if nothing is done.
如果不采取任何措施，后果将会非常严重。
④He went to the rescue of a drowning child ________________________________， which moved all of us.
他为了抢救落水儿童，把个人安危置之度外，这感动了我们所有人。
(二)赏修辞之功　
His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
赏析：本句中的a period which witnessed ...运用了拟人修辞手法。witness意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹/发生/经历”了某事。这种拟人修辞手法可以增添语言的色彩，使表达更形象生动。具有此类用法的动词还有see、find、 say、 experience等。
[提能训练]　(运用拟人修辞完成下列句子)
①National Day ______________________________________.They were all very cheerful.
国庆节时人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。每个人都兴高采烈。
②The old tree ____________________________ in the past two hundred years.
这棵古树见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
(三)赏描摹之韵(说明方法)　
A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
赏析：此处在描述郑和的首次远航时，列举了大量的数据，详细而具体地呈现了当时的壮观场面。同时，数字前的over和almost体现了用词的严谨性。列数字是说明文中常用的说明方法，可以增强文章的说服力以及说明对象的可信度。
[提能训练]　(补全语段)
A huge crack, ①________________________________， cut across houses, roads, and waterways.②____________________________， a large city lay in ruins.③__________________ who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ④____________________.
一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
国立西南联合大学是中国抗日战争开始后高校内迁设于昆明的一所综合性大学。西南联大前后共存在了8年零11个月，“内树学术自由之规模，外来民主堡垒之称号”，保存了抗战时期的重要科研力量，培养了一大批卓有成就的优秀人才，为中国和世界的发展进步做出了杰出贡献。阅读下面的文章，走进历史中的联大，了解抗战期间西南联大师生教书救国、读书报国的光荣历史。
LIANDA： A PLACE OF PASSION, BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres, most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south－west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment.Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize－winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.Driven by a the honour of the nation.In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student－soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well－known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all,
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
[阅读理解]
1．What's the main idea of paragraph 2？(　 )
A．How Lianda came into being.
B．The aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities.
C．Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops.
D．Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.
2．Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in paragraph 3？(　 )
A．To introduce they are China's leading scholars and scientists.
B．To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C．To show the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified.
D．To stress they have suffered hardships.
3．Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China's modern universities？(　 )
A．Because of a product of the war.
B．Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C．Because of its collective memory.
D．Because of the honour of the nation.
[素养积累]
1．由文积词汇
aggression n．　　　 　 侵略
intellectual adj. 智力的，脑力的
associated adj. 联合的
dire adj. 极其严重的
disrupt v. 扰乱；使中断；打乱
shirk one's duty 逃避某人的责任
a sense of commitment 献身意识
invader n. 侵略者，侵略军
perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
blueprint n. 蓝图
2．据文悟句式
句①　despite ...challenges 为介词短语在句中作让步状语；it was ...that ...为强调句型，强调地点状语 right in this place 和时间状语 over a period of eight long years。
句②　本句中过去分词短语 Driven by a sense of commitment 作状语，句中 and 连接两个并列的不定式短语作目的状语。
Section Ⅰ　“Reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①summer　②Africa　③strengthen　④exposing
⑤Spain　⑥Four　⑦beginning
(二)1.B　2.Paras.1～4　DBCA 　3.Paras.1～3　CAB
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～6　CBDBAA
(二)1.Zheng He: advanced technology；shipbuilding skills; his navigation skills; learning from others by treating them in a friendly manner
Columbus: loving sailing；great interest in geography；his passion for exploration；financial support；being brave and knowledgeable；overcoming many challenges
2．The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is an important part of our existence.It is human nature to discover new things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger.This kind of spirit encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is possible.In our daily life, if we are not willing to explore new things or take risks, we might lose many chances to expand our understanding of the world.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①the ship set sail　②I had set foot on　③very grave
④regardless of his personal safety
(二)①saw people singing and dancing happily in the streets
②has seen great changes of the village
(三)①eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide
②In less than one minute　③Two thirds of the people
④was more than 400,000
美文阅读润心
1～3　ACB
8 / 8(共87张PPT)
UNIT 3　Back to the past
把握单元素养目标
主题意识 本单元的主题是“历史事件和历史人物”。通过了解历史人物的事迹及重大历史事件，激发对历史的学习兴趣，培养时空观念，理解和尊重世界各国的历史；在对不同文化的比较、鉴赏、批判和反思的过程中，形成广阔的国际视野并培养深厚的家国情怀。
语法项目 探究表语从句的基本规则，并能在真实语境中灵活运用。
续表
语言输入 听 能获取并整合听力材料中有关评价通俗史书的信息。
读 能把握历史文章的文体结构和语言特征；能识别语篇中的隐喻等修辞手法并理解其意义。
语言 输出 写 能运用事实来阐释观点，提高论证的说服力；能掌握并正确使用有效的文章开头方式；能就通俗史书发表观点。
说 能就时空穿越这一话题以口头形式与同伴交流；能与同伴讨论通俗史书，并发表自己的观点。
Section Ⅰ “Reading”
的课文习读环节
目 录
NO.1 课文阅读理解
NO.2 课文写法借鉴
NO.3 美文阅读润心
课时检测
课文阅读理解
NO.1
(一)理清文脉结构
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
summer
Africa
strengthen
exposing
Spain
Four
beginning
(二)把握主旨大意
1．What is the passage mainly about
A．Zheng He and Christopher Columbus's contributions to the world.
B．The voyages of two famous explorers： Zheng He and Christopher Columbus.
C．The new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
D．The life experiences of two famous explorers.
√
2．Read the first text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A．The acknowledgement of Zheng He's achievements.
Para.2　B．The seven voyages.
Para.3　C．The significance of the seven voyages.
Para.4　D．Personal information and the first voyage.
答案： Paras.1～4　DBCA
3．Read the second text quickly to match the main idea with each paragraph.
Para.1　A．Details of Christopher Columbus's discovery.
Para.2　B．The significance of Christopher
Columbus's discovery.
Para.3　C．Personal information about Columbus.
答案：Paras.1～3　CAB
(一)阅读理解
1．What can we learn about Zheng He's voyages from the first two paragraphs
A．All the ships were over 140 metres in length.
B．Zheng He made seven voyages in the name of the Qing Dynasty.
C．Some details of the voyages were recorded.
D．It took 500 years for the fleet to sail the seas.
√
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
2．How did Zheng He's seven voyages affect China and its neighbours
A．They promoted its neighbours' economy.
B．They let its neighbours know China better.
C．They made these countries and regions stronger.
D．They improved the relations between western countries.
√
3．What helped to prove that Zheng He's voyages were not legends
A．The harmonious relations with other countries and regions.
B．The detailed maps of the voyages — Zheng He's Navigation Map.
C．Chinese people's better understanding of overseas lands.
D．An enormous shipyard being discovered in Nanjing.
√
4．What inspired Columbus to begin his career as a seaman
A．His love for sailing and his interest in history.
B．His love for sailing and his interest in geography.
C．His love for sailing and his interest in politics.
D．His love for sailing and his interest in physics.
√
5．Which of the following is NOT the challenge during Christopher Columbus's journey
A．The bad weather during the journey.
B．The longer time of the journey.
C．One of the ships was leaking badly.
D．The shortage of food.
√
6．What is Columbus's major contribution
A．The discovery of the New World.
B．The discovery of the Caribbean.
C．The discovery of the East Indies.
D．The discovery of the Atlantic Ocean.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What factors made the voyages of Zheng He and Columbus so successful
Zheng He：______________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
Columbus： _____________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
advanced technology；shipbuilding skills； his navigation skills； learning from others by treating them in a friendly manner
loving sailing；great interest in geography；his passion for exploration；financial support；being brave and knowledgeable；overcoming many challenges
2．What have you learnt about the spirit of exploration from the articles？(The answers may vary.)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The spirit of exploration is extraordinarily strong in humans and it is an important part of our existence.It is human nature to discover new things and we are not afraid of hardship or danger.This kind of spirit encourages us to try new things and push the limits of what is possible.In our daily life, if we are not willing to explore new things or take risks, we might lose many chances to expand our understanding of the world.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型为说明文，文章按照时间发展顺序展开论述。第一篇文章以郑和首次远航开篇，重点强调第一次航行的规模之大，突出中国古代先进的航海和造船技术。第二篇文章聚焦哥伦布第一次航海过程中遇到的挑战，体现了哥伦布作为航海家敢于冒险和勇于承担责任的优秀品质。文章运用各类事实信息，增强了论述的说服力。读文时应注意把握时间关键词，理清时间线，同时，重点梳理各个时间点上的事实信息。
课文写法借鉴
NO.2
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．In the summer of 1405, Zheng He, one of China's greatest explorers, set sail from Taicang on his first voyage.
赏析：本句中使用短语set sail来描写郑和率领船队扬帆起航，用词形象、贴切，生动地再现了当时的场景。
2．In the countries and regions where Zheng He set foot, legends have been passed on about this great explorer.
赏析：本句中使用了短语set foot来描写郑和到过的地方，用词生动、形象。
3．The journey was full of challenges： it took longer than expected, they faced a shortage of food, and one of the ships was leaking badly, which put everyone on this ship in grave danger.
赏析：本句中的grave一词的原义是“坟墓”，此处用作形容词，意为“重大的，严重的”，用词精准，突出了危险的程度。
4．Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed to keep everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery across the ocean.
赏析：本句中，介词短语Regardless of all the challenges与谓语managed to搭配使用，凸显了哥伦布英勇无畏、勇于担责的形象。
[提能训练]　(选用上述词汇完成下列句子)
①Soon after ______________, a terrible storm blew up.
船启航后不久，一场可怕的暴风雨就来临了。
②It was the first time that _______________ the African continent.
那是我第一次踏上非洲大陆。
③The consequences will be __________ if nothing is done.
如果不采取任何措施，后果将会非常严重。
the ship set sail
I had set foot on
very grave
④He went to the rescue of a drowning child _______________ ______________, which moved all of us.
他为了抢救落水儿童，把个人安危置之度外，这感动了我们所有人。
regardless of his
personal safety
(二)赏修辞之功　
His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration, a period which witnessed many important geographical findings.
赏析：本句中的a period which witnessed ...运用了拟人修辞手法。witness意为“见证；目睹；经历”时，常以表示时代、年代、世纪或地点的名词作主语，表示某时或某地“目睹/发生/经历”了某事。这种拟人修辞手法可以增添语言的色彩，使表达更形象生动。具有此类用法的动词还有see、find、 say、 experience等。
[提能训练]　(运用拟人修辞完成下列句子)
①National Day __________________________________________ ________.They were all very cheerful.
国庆节时人们在大街上高兴地又唱又跳。每个人都兴高采烈。
②The old tree ________________________________ in the past two hundred years.
这棵古树见证了过去二百年里这个村庄的巨大变迁。
saw people singing and dancing happily in the
streets
has seen great changes of the village
(三)赏描摹之韵(说明方法)　
A fleet of over 200 ships navigated the blue seas, with almost 28,000 people on board, which was a splendid scene.It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas.According to some records, the largest ships were over 140 metres in length, demonstrating the advanced technology and special skills used in constructing ships.
赏析：此处在描述郑和的首次远航时，列举了大量的数据，详细而具体地呈现了当时的壮观场面。同时，数字前的over和almost体现了用词的严谨性。列数字是说明文中常用的说明方法，可以增强文章的说服力以及说明对象的可信度。
[提能训练]　(补全语段)
A huge crack, ①_____________________________________, cut across houses, roads, and waterways.②______________________, a large city lay in ruins.③______________________who lived there were dead or injured.Thousands of children were left without parents.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake ④_____________________.
eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide
In less than one minute
was more than 400,000
Two thirds of the people
一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横切房屋、道路和水路。在不到一分钟的时间里，一座大城市沦为废墟。城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤，数以千计的孩子失去了父母。在此次地震中丧生或身受重伤的人数超过了40万。
美文阅读润心
NO.3
国立西南联合大学是中国抗日战争开始后高校内迁设于昆明的一所综合性大学。西南联大前后共存在了8年零11个月，“内树学术自由之规模，外来民主堡垒之称号”，保存了抗战时期的重要科研力量，培养了一大批卓有成就的优秀人才，为中国和世界的发展进步做出了杰出贡献。阅读下面的文章，走进历史中的联大，了解抗战期间西南联大师生教书救国、读书报国的光荣历史。
LIANDA： A PLACE OF PASSION, BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities： Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.
Professors and students alike in the three universities made an epic journey over a distance of more than 2,000 kilometres, most of them on foot.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.Conditions were little better once they reached the remote and mountainous south－west part of China.They had to live in rough buildings, packed 40 to a room, like sardines.There were dire shortages of food, books, and equipment.Furthermore, classes were frequently disrupted due to fierce air attacks and often had to be held before 10 am and after 4 pm.
However， despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges， it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize－winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every
①
achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.
With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.Driven by a sense of commitment， a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation. In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student－
②
soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well－known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all,
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees.
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students, but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.In 2017, representatives from Peking University, Tsinghua University, Nankai University and Yunnan Normal University gathered to commemorate the 80th anniversary of its founding.
More than eighty years on, the priceless contribution of Lianda still needs to be reaffirmed.It has become part of the collective memory of the Chinese nation, with its spirit as the blueprint for all universities in China in the modern era.
[阅读理解]
1．What's the main idea of paragraph 2
A．How Lianda came into being.
B．The aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities.
C．Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops.
D．Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.
√
2．Why are Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao mentioned in paragraph 3
A．To introduce they are China's leading scholars and scientists.
B．To explain why they have made achievements at Lianda.
C．To show the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified.
D．To stress they have suffered hardships.
√
3．Why has Lianda become the crowning glory of China's modern universities
A．Because of a product of the war.
B．Because of its strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.
C．Because of its collective memory.
D．Because of the honour of the nation.
√
[素养积累]
1．由文积词汇
aggression n．　　　　　 侵略
intellectual adj. 智力的，脑力的
associated adj. 联合的
dire adj. 极其严重的
disrupt v. 扰乱；使中断；打乱
shirk one's duty 逃避某人的责任
a sense of commitment 献身意识
invader n. 侵略者，侵略军
perseverance n. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
blueprint n. 蓝图
2．据文悟句式
句①　despite ...challenges 为介词短语在句中作让步状语；it was ...that ...为强调句型，强调地点状语 right in this place 和时间状语 over a period of eight long years。
句②　本句中过去分词短语 Driven by a sense of commitment 作状语，句中 and 连接两个并列的不定式短语作目的状语。
课时检测
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On a quiet afternoon, as the sunlight shone through the curtains and cast a warm glow on the attic (阁楼) floor, I started a journey through time.It was there, in the corner behind the old suitcase, that I made a fascinating discovery — a shoebox filled with old letters.
These letters, tied together with a faded ribbon, were a collection of conversations between my grandmother and her friends from past time.The dusty smell of aged paper and ink filled the air, transporting me to a time when communication was a deliberate and heartfelt act.
In an age where a simple text or email can convey our thoughts, these letters served as a deeply touching reminder of the depth and meaning that can be found in the written word.They were more than just messages； they were pieces of a life, snapshots of a time, and most importantly, they were a bridge between the past and the present, between my grandmother's generation and my own.
With the letters safely back in their resting place, I made a quiet promise to myself — to pick up pen and paper more often, to write not just messages, but little pieces of history that future generations might one day cherish.
In a world racing towards the future, it's the old letters that remind us to slow down, to appreciate the moment, and to write our own stories with care.And perhaps, one day, someone will find my letters and experience the same joy of discovery, the same sense of connection across the years.For now, the attic holds not just boxes of old letters but also the promise of stories yet to be told.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在阁楼上无意间发现存放的一箱箱旧信件，这些信件提醒我们放慢脚步，珍惜当下，用心书写我们自己的故事。
1．What does the author consider the letters to be
A．Simple messages from the past.
B．Bridges between different generations.
C．Outdated communication methods.
D．Unimportant things of past time.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they were a bridge between the past and the present, between my grandmother's generation and my own”可知，作者认为这些信件是联系不同代人之间的桥梁。
2．What personal resolution does the author make after reflecting on the letters
A．To clean the attic of unnecessary items.
B．To digitize all family letters for preservation.
C．To learn more about the history of the family.
D．To write more frequently to maintain connections.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“With the letters safely back in their resting place, I made a quiet promise to myself — to pick up pen and paper more often, to write not just messages, but little pieces of history that future generations might one day cherish.”可知，作者决定多写信以保持各代人之间的联系。
3．Which sentence may the author agree according to the text
A．Every family has a story to tell.
B．The pen is stronger than the sword.
C．Old letters carry voices from the past.
D．The hand that writes the history makes the history.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In a world racing towards the future, it's the old letters that remind us to slow down, to appreciate the moment, and to write our own stories with care.”可知，作者认为以前的信件承载着过去的声音。
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Treasure in Letters B．A Journey Through the Attic
C．Digital Distraction D．The Power of Pen and Ink
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是最后一段可知，文章主要描述了作者发现了祖母留下的信件，认为这些信件承载着过去的声音，是联系不同代人的桥梁。故A项“信件中的宝藏”适合作文章标题。
√
B
Underwater explorers have discovered an ancient shipwreck (沉船) in the ruins of a long－lost sunken Egyptian city Heracleion, off the coast of Alexandria in Egypt.Researchers have proved the ship to be over 2,000 years old among the ruins.
Although Heracleion was once an important economic center, it was destroyed by the forces of nature, sinking (下沉) rapidly in the water.The remains of the city's houses, temples, and markets have lain ten meters deep in the Abu Qir Bay, east of present－day Alexandria.As a result，underwater explorers regularly make exciting discoveries there.Among them, statues and stone tablets with words made it possible to figure out the city's name： Heracleion.
Researchers explained that the ship was 25 meters long.The discovery of the shipwreck was fascinating because ships from that period in history were very seldom.The underwater research showed that the ship was struck by several big stones from the nearby temple, making the ship at the bottom of the sea.Dr Mustafa Waziri, Secretary－General of the Higher Archaeology Council, said the ship was in the canal (运河) which flowed along the side of the Temple of Amun.An earthquake struck the city, making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.
While the shipwreck discovery was exciting, underwater explorers discovered the remains of a Greek cemetery (墓地) dating back to the 4th century BCE during the underwater exploration.
Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city.They built their own temples near the temple of Amun, and the remains of both have been found together and in good condition in the sunken city some 7 miles off the coast of Egypt.It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port－city in Egypt across the Nile Delta, before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE.Several earthquakes destroyed it.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹的事迹，来探索当时一些不为人知的历史真相。
5．Why did the city Heracleion disappear
A．It was destroyed by the Greek traders.
B．It was hit and covered by a big flood.
C．It was unimportant and was deserted.
D．It was ruined and sank into the sea.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although Heracleion was once an important economic center, it was destroyed by the forces of nature, sinking rapidly in the water.”可知，Heracleion曾经是一个重要的经济中心，但后来被大自然的力量所摧毁，并沉入海底。
6．What caused the ship to sink into the sea
A．Its own length. B．A terrible earthquake.
C．Carrying too many stones. D．The building of a temple.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“An earthquake struck the city, making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.”可知，船是因为地震而沉没的。
7．What can be inferred from the discovery of a Greek cemetery
A．The Greek cemetery was destroyed.
B．Greek traders built the temple of Amun.
C．Heracleion was probably a trade center.
D．Greek has a longer history than Egypt.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city.”可知，这里有商人居住；再由“It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port－city in Egypt across the Nile Delta, before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE.”可知，它在亚历山大城建立之前还是埃及最大的港口城市，而港口城市一般交通便利，再结合城内有商人，故可推知Heracleion可能是一个贸易中心。
8．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text
A．Environment. B．History.
C．Sport. D．Education.
√
解析：推理判断题。通读本文可知，文章讲述的是水下探险家在埃及亚历山大海岸外失踪已久的埃及城市Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹，这些发现背后都承载着一定的历史真相，故我们可能会在报纸的“历史”版块中读到这篇文章。
C
If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and sacred history.Almost from the earliest annals (编年史) of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.
One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, lived around 64 BCE～23 CE.Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details collected from other writers to extend and enliven (使生动) his accounts.His Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.
Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period.Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about 1275 CE and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries during his travels.When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memories, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe (抄写员), with the resulting book Ⅱ Milione being an instant success.Though difficult to ________ to the accuracy of all he said，Marco's book forced Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.
attest
Ibn Battutah's interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325，and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway (统治)．His travel book The Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court plot, and even the effect of the Black Death in the various lands he visited.In almost 30 years of traveling, it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75,000 miles.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公元前后的三位著名旅行家的探险经历及他们的作品。
9．Why were the books of the three writers popular
A．They listed good places to stay.
B．They told of strange and exotic locales.
C．They explained the best routes to get to places.
D．All of their stories were first－hand accounts.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这三位作家写的旅行作品吸引读者的地方在于它们都描述了陌生的、有异国情调的地方。
10．What does the underlined word “attest” in the third paragraph mean
A．Give an examination to.　 B．Draw a map of.
C．Tell lies to. D．Give proof of.
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及上下文可推断，此处指马可·波罗所说的无法被证明是否都属实。故画线词意为“证明”。
√
11．Where did Ibn Battutah travel
A．To China. B．To Ethiopia.
C．Throughout the Muslim world. D．To Asia.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，白图泰游遍了穆斯林国家。
√
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Why people find travel writing exciting.
B．The literary style of three early travel writers.
C．Where three early travel writers went and what they wrote about.
D．How to write a travel book.
√
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三位早期旅行作家去过的地方以及他们写下的文章。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
By the end of the 15th century, many things were changing in Europe.The population started to grow more quickly and a new class of merchants came up.They wanted to buy and sell expensive and valuable products from Asia, like gold, jewels and silk. In those days, people had no refrigerators to preserve their food. 13 To make food taste better, they used spices, like pepper.
14 But in the 15th century, the overland passageways were being controlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through.As a result, some European countries, like Spain and Portugal, decided to find out if there was a sea passageway to India.
At the end of the 15th century, the Portuguese started to explore the west coast of Africa. 15 In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern part of the continent and got as far as the east coast of Africa, but a storm made him turn back. 16 The Portuguese named it the Cape of Good Hope because they were hopeful of finding a passageway to India.In 1497, Vasco Da Gama set out from Lisbon, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean. 17 He took some spices and gold back with him to prove that he had reached India.
A．He reached the west coast of India the next year.
B．They dried meat and used salt to make it last longer.
C．They set up trading posts and collected gold and silver.
D．On his return voyage, he saw a piece of land stretching out into the sea.
E．For centuries Europeans brought these goods on a land passageway from Asia.
F．They were convinced that by sailing around it they would find a passageway to India.
G．With the help of advanced ships and instruments, they started the Age of Exploration.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。
13．选B　空前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，空处承接上一句的内容，故B项“为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来”符合语境。
14．选E　第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝和丝绸；空后一句有But表转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难。因此，空处起承上启下的作用，故E项“几个世纪以来，欧洲人把这些货物通过陆路从亚洲运到欧洲”符合语境。
15．选F　本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。空处应解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，故F项“他们相信通过沿此线路航行，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道”符合语境。
16．选D　空前一句谈到迪亚士已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，使他不得不返航；空后一句提到他给它命名为好望角；故D项“在他返航的时候，他看见了一块突出在海上的陆地”承上启下，符合语境。D项中的“return”与空前一句中的“made him turn back”相呼应，下文的“it”指代D项中的“a piece of land”。
17．选A　空前一句谈到在1497年，航海家达·伽马绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项“第二年他到达了印度西海岸”承接上文，符合语境。A项中的“the next year”与空前一句的“In 1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。UNIT 3　课时检测(一)　“Reading”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
On a quiet afternoon, as the sunlight shone through the curtains and cast a warm glow on the attic (阁楼) floor, I started a journey through time.It was there, in the corner behind the old suitcase, that I made a fascinating discovery — a shoebox filled with old letters.
These letters, tied together with a faded ribbon, were a collection of conversations between my grandmother and her friends from past time.The dusty smell of aged paper and ink filled the air, transporting me to a time when communication was a deliberate and heartfelt act.
In an age where a simple text or email can convey our thoughts, these letters served as a deeply touching reminder of the depth and meaning that can be found in the written word.They were more than just messages; they were pieces of a life, snapshots of a time, and most importantly, they were a bridge between the past and the present, between my grandmother's generation and my own.
With the letters safely back in their resting place, I made a quiet promise to myself — to pick up pen and paper more often, to write not just messages, but little pieces of history that future generations might one day cherish.
In a world racing towards the future, it's the old letters that remind us to slow down, to appreciate the moment, and to write our own stories with care.And perhaps, one day, someone will find my letters and experience the same joy of discovery, the same sense of connection across the years.For now, the attic holds not just boxes of old letters but also the promise of stories yet to be told.
1．What does the author consider the letters to be
A．Simple messages from the past.
B．Bridges between different generations.
C．Outdated communication methods.
D．Unimportant things of past time.
2．What personal resolution does the author make after reflecting on the letters
A．To clean the attic of unnecessary items.
B．To digitize all family letters for preservation.
C．To learn more about the history of the family.
D．To write more frequently to maintain connections.
3．Which sentence may the author agree according to the text
A．Every family has a story to tell.
B．The pen is stronger than the sword.
C．Old letters carry voices from the past.
D．The hand that writes the history makes the history.
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Treasure in Letters
B．A Journey Through the Attic
C．Digital Distraction
D．The Power of Pen and Ink
B
Underwater explorers have discovered an ancient shipwreck (沉船) in the ruins of a long lost sunken Egyptian city Heracleion, off the coast of Alexandria in Egypt.Researchers have proved the ship to be over 2,000 years old among the ruins.
Although Heracleion was once an important economic center, it was destroyed by the forces of nature, sinking (下沉) rapidly in the water.The remains of the city's houses, temples, and markets have lain ten meters deep in the Abu Qir Bay, east of present day Alexandria.As a result，underwater explorers regularly make exciting discoveries there.Among them, statues and stone tablets with words made it possible to figure out the city's name: Heracleion.
Researchers explained that the ship was 25 meters long.The discovery of the shipwreck was fascinating because ships from that period in history were very seldom.The underwater research showed that the ship was struck by several big stones from the nearby temple, making the ship at the bottom of the sea.Dr Mustafa Waziri, Secretary General of the Higher Archaeology Council, said the ship was in the canal (运河) which flowed along the side of the Temple of Amun.An earthquake struck the city, making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.
While the shipwreck discovery was exciting, underwater explorers discovered the remains of a Greek cemetery (墓地) dating back to the 4th century BCE during the underwater exploration.
Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city.They built their own temples near the temple of Amun, and the remains of both have been found together and in good condition in the sunken city some 7 miles off the coast of Egypt.It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port city in Egypt across the Nile Delta, before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE.Several earthquakes destroyed it.
5．Why did the city Heracleion disappear
A．It was destroyed by the Greek traders.
B．It was hit and covered by a big flood.
C．It was unimportant and was deserted.
D．It was ruined and sank into the sea.
6．What caused the ship to sink into the sea
A．Its own length.
B．A terrible earthquake.
C．Carrying too many stones.
D．The building of a temple.
7．What can be inferred from the discovery of a Greek cemetery
A．The Greek cemetery was destroyed.
B．Greek traders built the temple of Amun.
C．Heracleion was probably a trade center.
D．Greek has a longer history than Egypt.
8．In which section of a newspaper can we find the text
A．Environment.　　　　 B．History.
C．Sport. D．Education.
C
If you enjoy looking through travel books by such familiar authors as Arthur Frommer or Eugene Fodor, it will not surprise you to learn that travel writing has a long and sacred history.Almost from the earliest annals (编年史) of recorded time individuals have found ready audiences for their accounts of journeys to strange and exotic locales.
One of the earliest travel writers, a Greek geographer and historian named Strabo, lived around 64 BCE～23 CE.Though Strabo is known to have traveled from east of the Black Sea west to Italy and as far south as Ethiopia, he also used details collected from other writers to extend and enliven (使生动) his accounts.His Geography provides the only surviving account of the cities, peoples, customs, and geographical peculiarities of the whole known world of his time.
Two other classic travel writers, the Italian Marco Polo and the Moroccan Ibn Battutah, lived in roughly the same time period.Marco Polo traveled to China with his father and uncle in about 1275 CE and remained there 16 or 17 years, visiting several other countries during his travels.When Marco returned to Italy he dictated his memories, including stories he had heard from others, to a scribe (抄写员), with the resulting book Ⅱ Milione being an instant success.Though difficult to attest to the accuracy of all he said，Marco's book forced Europeans to begin their great voyages of exploration.
Ibn Battutah's interest in travel began on his required Muslim journey to Mecca in 1325，and during his lifetime he journeyed through all the countries where Islam held sway (统治)．His travel book The Rihlah is a personalized account of desert journeys, court plot, and even the effect of the Black Death in the various lands he visited.In almost 30 years of traveling, it is estimated that Ibn Battutah covered more than 75,000 miles.
9．Why were the books of the three writers popular
A．They listed good places to stay.
B．They told of strange and exotic locales.
C．They explained the best routes to get to places.
D．All of their stories were first hand accounts.
10．What does the underlined word “attest” in the third paragraph mean
A．Give an examination to.　 B．Draw a map of.
C．Tell lies to. D．Give proof of.
11．Where did Ibn Battutah travel
A．To China.
B．To Ethiopia.
C．Throughout the Muslim world.
D．To Asia.
12．What is the text mainly about
A．Why people find travel writing exciting.
B．The literary style of three early travel writers.
C．Where three early travel writers went and what they wrote about.
D．How to write a travel book.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
By the end of the 15th century, many things were changing in Europe.The population started to grow more quickly and a new class of merchants came up.They wanted to buy and sell expensive and valuable products from Asia, like gold, jewels and silk. In those days, people had no refrigerators to preserve their food.__13__ To make food taste better, they used spices, like pepper.
__14__ But in the 15th century, the overland passageways were being controlled by the Turkish Empire, which made it even more difficult for European merchants to pass through.As a result, some European countries, like Spain and Portugal, decided to find out if there was a sea passageway to India.
At the end of the 15th century, the Portuguese started to explore the west coast of Africa.__15__ In 1487, the Portuguese explorer Bartholomeu Dias sailed around the southern part of the continent and got as far as the east coast of Africa, but a storm made him turn back.__16__ The Portuguese named it the Cape of Good Hope because they were hopeful of finding a passageway to India.In 1497, Vasco Da Gama set out from Lisbon, sailed around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean.__17__ He took some spices and gold back with him to prove that he had reached India.
A．He reached the west coast of India the next year.
B．They dried meat and used salt to make it last longer.
C．They set up trading posts and collected gold and silver.
D．On his return voyage, he saw a piece of land stretching out into the sea.
E．For centuries Europeans brought these goods on a land passageway from Asia.
F．They were convinced that by sailing around it they would find a passageway to India.
G．With the help of advanced ships and instruments, they started the Age of Exploration.
UNIT 3　课时检测(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在阁楼上无意间发现存放的一箱箱旧信件，这些信件提醒我们放慢脚步，珍惜当下，用心书写我们自己的故事。
1．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“they were a bridge between the past and the present, between my grandmother's generation and my own”可知，作者认为这些信件是联系不同代人之间的桥梁。
2．选D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“With the letters safely back in their resting place, I made a quiet promise to myself — to pick up pen and paper more often, to write not just messages, but little pieces of history that future generations might one day cherish.”可知，作者决定多写信以保持各代人之间的联系。
3．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In a world racing towards the future, it's the old letters that remind us to slow down, to appreciate the moment, and to write our own stories with care.”可知，作者认为以前的信件承载着过去的声音。
4．选A　标题归纳题。通读全文，特别是最后一段可知，文章主要描述了作者发现了祖母留下的信件，认为这些信件承载着过去的声音，是联系不同代人的桥梁。故A项“信件中的宝藏”适合作文章标题。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹的事迹，来探索当时一些不为人知的历史真相。
5．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Although Heracleion was once an important economic center, it was destroyed by the forces of nature, sinking rapidly in the water.”可知，Heracleion曾经是一个重要的经济中心，但后来被大自然的力量所摧毁，并沉入海底。
6．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中“An earthquake struck the city, making the temple destroyed and the ship sink.”可知，船是因为地震而沉没的。
7．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Researchers explained that the discovery shows the Greek traders lived in the city.”可知，这里有商人居住；再由“It is worth noting that the city of Heracleion had been the largest port city in Egypt across the Nile Delta, before the city of Alexandria was founded in 331 BCE.”可知，它在亚历山大城建立之前还是埃及最大的港口城市，而港口城市一般交通便利，再结合城内有商人，故可推知Heracleion可能是一个贸易中心。
8．选B　推理判断题。通读本文可知，文章讲述的是水下探险家在埃及亚历山大海岸外失踪已久的埃及城市Heracleion废墟中发现了一艘古代沉船和可追溯到公元前4世纪的希腊墓地遗迹，这些发现背后都承载着一定的历史真相，故我们可能会在报纸的“历史”版块中读到这篇文章。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了公元前后的三位著名旅行家的探险经历及他们的作品。
9．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，这三位作家写的旅行作品吸引读者的地方在于它们都描述了陌生的、有异国情调的地方。
10．选D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句及上下文可推断，此处指马可·波罗所说的无法被证明是否都属实。故画线词意为“证明”。
11．选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句可知，白图泰游遍了穆斯林国家。
12．选C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三位早期旅行作家去过的地方以及他们写下的文章。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了欧洲人为了开辟到亚洲的海上通道而进行的海上航行。
13．选B　空前一句谈到了在过去，人们没有冰箱储存食物，因此，空处承接上一句的内容，故B项“为了让食物(肉)保存久一点，人们就将肉风干或用盐将肉腌制起来”符合语境。
14．选E　第一段谈到了欧洲人需要商品如黄金、珠宝和丝绸；空后一句有But表转折，谈到陆路逐渐被土耳其帝国控制，导致走陆路非常困难。因此，空处起承上启下的作用，故E项“几个世纪以来，欧洲人把这些货物通过陆路从亚洲运到欧洲”符合语境。
15．选F　本段第一句谈到在15世纪末，葡萄牙人开始探索非洲西海岸。空处应解释他们为什么要探索这条海上航线，故F项“他们相信通过沿此线路航行，他们能够找到到达印度的海上通道”符合语境。
16．选D　空前一句谈到迪亚士已经航行到了非洲东海岸，但是他们遇到了海上风暴，使他不得不返航；空后一句提到他给它命名为好望角；故D项“在他返航的时候，他看见了一块突出在海上的陆地”承上启下，符合语境。D项中的“return”与空前一句中的“made him turn back”相呼应，下文的“it”指代D项中的“a piece of land”。
17．选A　空前一句谈到在1497年，航海家达·伽马绕过好望角到达了印度洋，故A项“第二年他到达了印度西海岸”承接上文，符合语境。A项中的“the next year”与空前一句的“In 1497”存在先后关系，也暗示了答案。
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