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Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
What's the main idea of the text？(　 )
A．Pearl Harbor.
B．The USS Arizona.
C．The attack on Pearl Harbor.
D．A date which will live in infamy.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．When did the attack happen？(　 )
A．On Saturday, December 7, 1941.
B．On Sunday, December 7, 1941.
C．On Saturday, December 7, 1943.
D．On Sunday, December 7, 1943.
2．How many people were killed in the attack？(　 )
A．More than 2,000 American people.
B．More than 1,000 American people.
C．More than 180 American people.
D．More than 100 American people.
3．What's the writing skill used in paragraph 5？(　 )
A．Listing numbers.　 B．Making a comparison.
C．Giving a definition. D．Giving examples.
4．Where does the USS Arizona lie today？(　 )
A．In the east of the Pacific Ocean.
B．In the west of the Pacific Ocean.
C．In the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
D．In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？(　 )
A．Louis thought that he was a hero.
B．The attack destroyed almost 20 American ships and over 280 airplanes.
C．After the attack, the United States joined the First World War.
D．More than two million people visit the memorial every year.
(二)阅读表达
1．What's your opinion about the attack on Pearl Harbor？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
2．Why should we never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
________________________________________________________________　
|阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　
本文是一篇描述重大历史事件的文章，以时间顺序展开对珍珠港事件的描述，清晰地还原了史实。读文时可借助时间标志词来梳理行文脉络。文章第一段中对日常生活的描写与下文对日军轰炸珍珠港的描写形成鲜明的对比，烘托了事件的突发性；同时，在描写具体的战争场景时，作者运用多感官描写再现日军偷袭珍珠港的场景，镜头感强，语言富有画面感和冲击力。阅读时注意体会并把握这些写作手法。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat.
赏析：本句中使用了现在分词短语dragging them into ...，突出了路易用尽全力把伤员从水中拖到救生艇上的情景。
2．When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.
赏析：本句中使用了动词短语opened up，意为“直抒胸臆，畅所欲言”，充分展现了拉塞尔终于敞开心扉，从封闭内心到向他人倾诉的情景。
3．Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.
赏析：本句中的hatched意为“密谋，策划”，用词精准，写出了日本暗中策划袭击珍珠港的阴谋。
[提能训练]　(选用上述词汇完成下列句子)
①The sack is too heavy to lift — ____________________________.
这个麻袋太重了，提不起来。你得拖着它走。
②Finally, the girl decided to ________________________________.
最终，这个女孩决定敞开心扉，把一切都告诉我们。
③Judging from the mysterious atmosphere of the film, a plot must ____________________.
从影片诡秘的气氛来判断，应该有一个阴谋正在暗中酝酿着。
(二)赏描摹之韵(经典开头)　
It was Sunday, December 7, 1941.As usual, the wake－up call came at 5：45 a．m.The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes.
赏析：这三句话是文章的开头部分，以一种平铺直叙的方式写出了普通又平凡的一天，与后文讲述的惨烈场面形成鲜明对比。第三句中的动词“stretched”和“rubbed”用词精妙，充分写出了当时美国海员们刚睡醒时既惬意又慵懒的状态，衬托出后文描写的空袭的意外性及残酷性。
(三)赏修辞之功　
Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles.
赏析：本句中使用了明喻的修辞手法，将数百架日军飞机比作盘旋在他们头顶上方的老鹰，形象地写活了当时的场景。
[提能训练]　(运用比喻修辞完成下面句子)
The green leaves overlapped together __________________________.
树叶郁郁葱葱地重叠在一起，形成了一片绿色的海洋。
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①normal　②Japanese　③burns　④saved　⑤scene
⑥delivered　⑦joined　⑧marked
(二)C
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～5　BAACD
(二)1.Many people lost their lives in this event and it also cast a shadow on survivors' lives.The attack also created heroes like Louis who saved many people.
2．We should never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor because it is a reminder of the horror of war.Many lives are lost in wars.Families are torn apart and those who survive wars are often left with injuries to their bodies or their minds.The traumas of war make it difficult for them to live a normal life after experiencing things so frightening like bombs thundering, things being destroyed, and people struggling.Furthermore, the attack on Pearl Harbor should be a reminder that maintaining peace throughout the world is the only way that this kind of tragedy will never happen again.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①you'll have to drag it　②open up and tell us everything　③be being hatched with secrecy
(三)to form a green ocean
4 / 4(共64张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”
的课文习读环节
目 录
NO.1 课文阅读理解
NO.2 课文写法借鉴
课时检测
课文阅读理解
NO.1
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
normal
Japanese
burns
saved
scene
delivered
joined
marked
(二)把握主旨大意
What's the main idea of the text
A．Pearl Harbor.
B．The USS Arizona.
C．The attack on Pearl Harbor.
D．A date which will live in infamy.
√
(一)阅读理解
1．When did the attack happen
A．On Saturday, December 7, 1941.
B．On Sunday, December 7, 1941.
C．On Saturday, December 7, 1943.
D．On Sunday, December 7, 1943.
√
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
2．How many people were killed in the attack
A．More than 2,000 American people.
B．More than 1,000 American people.
C．More than 180 American people.
D．More than 100 American people.
√
3．What's the writing skill used in paragraph 5
A．Listing numbers.　　 B．Making a comparison.
C．Giving a definition. D．Giving examples.
4．Where does the USS Arizona lie today
A．In the east of the Pacific Ocean.
B．In the west of the Pacific Ocean.
C．In the middle of the Pacific Ocean.
D．In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
√
√
5．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text
A．Louis thought that he was a hero.
B．The attack destroyed almost 20 American ships and over 280 airplanes.
C．After the attack, the United States joined the First World War.
D．More than two million people visit the memorial every year.
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What's your opinion about the attack on Pearl Harbor？(The answers may vary.)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Many people lost their lives in this event and it also cast a shadow on survivors' lives.The attack also created heroes like Louis who saved many people.
2．Why should we never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor？(The answers may vary.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We should never forget the attack on Pearl Harbor because it is a reminder of the horror of war.Many lives are lost in wars.Families are torn apart and those who survive wars are often left with injuries to their bodies or their minds.The traumas of war make it difficult for them to live a normal life after experiencing things so frightening like bombs thundering, things being destroyed, and people struggling.Furthermore, the attack on Pearl Harbor should be a reminder that maintaining peace throughout the world is the only way that this kind of tragedy will never happen again.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　
本文是一篇描述重大历史事件的文章，以时间顺序展开对珍珠港事件的描述，清晰地还原了史实。读文时可借助时间标志词来梳理行文脉络。文章第一段中对日常生活的描写与下文对日军轰炸珍珠港的描写形成鲜明的对比，烘托了事件的突发性；同时，在描写具体的战争场景时，作者运用多感官描写再现日军偷袭珍珠港的场景，镜头感强，语言富有画面感和冲击力。阅读时注意体会并把握这些写作手法。
课文写法借鉴
NO.2
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．After receiving the order to abandon ship, Louis saved more men from the water, dragging them into the lifeboat.
赏析：本句中使用了现在分词短语dragging them into ...，突出了路易用尽全力把伤员从水中拖到救生艇上的情景。
2．When he opened up later on, he always mentioned the horror of it.
赏析：本句中使用了动词短语opened up，意为“直抒胸臆，畅所欲言”，充分展现了拉塞尔终于敞开心扉，从封闭内心到向他人倾诉的情景。
3．Japan had hatched a plot to launch a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, so the attack began without warning and without declaring war on the United States.
赏析：本句中的hatched意为“密谋，策划”，用词精准，写出了日本暗中策划袭击珍珠港的阴谋。
[提能训练]　(选用上述词汇完成下列句子)
①The sack is too heavy to lift — ____________________.
这个麻袋太重了，提不起来。你得拖着它走。
②Finally, the girl decided to ____________________________.
最终，这个女孩决定敞开心扉，把一切都告诉我们。
③Judging from the mysterious atmosphere of the film, a plot must ___________________________.
从影片诡秘的气氛来判断，应该有一个阴谋正在暗中酝酿着。
you'll have to drag it
open up and tell us everything
be being hatched with secrecy
(二)赏描摹之韵(经典开头)　
It was Sunday, December 7, 1941.As usual, the wake－up call came at 5：45 a．m.The men aboard the warship USS Arizona stretched and rubbed their eyes.
赏析：这三句话是文章的开头部分，以一种平铺直叙的方式写出了普通又平凡的一天，与后文讲述的惨烈场面形成鲜明对比。第三句中的动词“stretched”和“rubbed”用词精妙，充分写出了当时美国海员们刚睡醒时既惬意又慵懒的状态，衬托出后文描写的空袭的意外性及残酷性。
(三)赏修辞之功　
Above their heads, hundreds of Japanese planes circled like eagles.
赏析：本句中使用了明喻的修辞手法，将数百架日军飞机比作盘旋在他们头顶上方的老鹰，形象地写活了当时的场景。
[提能训练]　(运用比喻修辞完成下面句子)
The green leaves overlapped together ____________________.
树叶郁郁葱葱地重叠在一起，形成了一片绿色的海洋。
to form a green ocean
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The discovery of a special red purse has offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio.In 2019, a caretaker at North Canton Middle School was repairing lockers when he discovered a purse jammed behind a piece of metal.Although the purse was dusty and dirty, its contents were well preserved.They belonged to Patti Rumfola who lost the purse in 1957 when she was a teenager attending what was then Hoover High School.
The things found in the bag tell the story of a teenager who got involved in her community and did lots of practical things, was organized, and loved her family.Among the things found were her American Junior Red Cross Card, tickets, wheat pennies, pens, a pocket calendar, and photos of her friends and family.
Once the school determined Rumfola was the rightful owner, they contacted the North Canton Alumni Association in hopes of returning it to her.The organization figured out that Rumfola had graduated from Hoover High School in 1960.Unfortunately, Rumfola passed away in 2013 at the age of 71 in DuBois, Pennsylvania, so she'll never get to see these things from the past.
But she lived a full life.According to her life story, she was a retired school teacher who worked in Annapolis, Maryland.And as in her youth, she continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women's Club in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania.Rumfola was also a costume designer with the Reitz Theatre who enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren.
Because the school could not return Rumfola's purse to her, they reached out to her grown children.Rumfola's five children were together for a family gathering where they opened the purse to have a glimpse (短暂的体验) into their mother's life at Hoover High School.Each of her five children kept one of the wheat pennies as a remembrance of their mom.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位管理员在学校偶然发现了一个丢失于20世纪50年代的钱包，它像一个时间胶囊一样，让人得以一窥那时的生活。
1．Why does the author regard the red purse as special
A．It was in perfect condition.
B．It had a moving story.
C．It belonged to a special student.
D．It became a time capsule.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段中的“Rumfola's five children ...opened the purse to have a glimpse into their mother's life”可知，这个钱包就像一个时间胶囊，让人短暂地体验了一下过去的那段生活。
2．Which of the following words can best describe Patti Rumfola
A．Devoted and helpful.
B．Creative and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and easygoing.
D．Curious and hard－working.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“loved her family”和第四段中的“enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren”可知，她是一个深爱家人的人(devoted)；根据第二段中的“got involved in her community and did lots of practical things” “her American Junior Red Cross Card”和第四段中的“continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found ...Pennsylvania”可知，她是一个乐于助人的人(helpful)。
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Rumfola's career choices.
B．Rumfola's life experiences.
C．Rumfola's main attainments.
D．Rumfola's family commitments.
解析：段落大意题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“she lived a full life” “her life story”可知，本段主要介绍了Rumfola的一些生活经历。
√
4．What can be inferred about North Canton Middle School
A．It was founded in the 1950s.
B．It offers design courses to students.
C．It cares about its previous graduates.
D．It kept a wheat penny as a remembrance.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，为了把钱包物归原主，North Canton Middle School 做了很多努力。由此可以推知，该学校在乎曾经毕业于此的学生。
√
B( )
Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans, after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This discovery has changed what we know of human history.
The skull, which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”， is from an ape－like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus.It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and, based on evidence from its surroundings, it was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists, because although Mrs Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans, the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived.For this reason, scientists decided that, Australopithecus afarensis, a similar species from Eastern Africa that lived about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago, was our most likely ancestor instead.
To get a more accurate age of Mrs Ples, a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana, used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks, which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth's surface.Once rocks are buried, these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear； the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks (or bones) were on the surface.
The new study shows that Mrs Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their Eastern African relatives, so either group could have given rise to modern humans.However, team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years, at only 2,500 miles away, these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words, the groups could quite easily have met, had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在南非发现的一个人类祖先的头盖骨改变了人们对人类历史的认知。文章介绍了相关时间测算的技术问题，并介绍了人们对新研究结果的不同看法等。
5．What can we learn about Mrs Ples from the first two paragraphs
A．It is a skull found in Eastern Africa.
B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans.
C．It is a million years older than scientists expected.
D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a famous skull ...a million years older than experts thought”可知，在南非发现的一个人类祖先的著名头盖骨的时间比专家们认为的要早100万年。
6．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs Ples”？
A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays.
B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals.
C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay.
D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks ...were on the surface.”可知，科学家们通过测量岩石中特定化学物质的含量来判断Mrs Ples的年龄。
7．What can we infer from the new study
A．Modern humans came into being in Eastern Africa.
B．Mrs Ples travelled and had children with Eastern African relatives.
C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.85 million years ago.
D．Ape－like species from Africa could have interacted with each other.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是最后两句可知，这些群体可能很容易相遇、一起生儿育女。据此可以推知，来自非洲的类猿物种可能互相交流、繁衍了。
8．Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A．Puzzle Unsolved
B．Ancestor Mystery Solved
C．Mrs Ples： The Earliest Human Being
D．Mrs Ples： A Famous Skull
√
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans”为全文的主旨句，指出科学家们已解开了关于现代人的祖先之谜；接着全文围绕此主旨句展开，介绍了Mrs Ples的头盖骨的发现以及使用的预测年龄的方法等。故B项适合作文章标题。
C
Rocks, cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.
That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life.Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were torn apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded (变小)．These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.
“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical — and puts things in perspective.He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so－and－so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time，” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.
Knoll said he first became ____________ by fossils when he was in primary school.“I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen.That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.”
mesmerized
His popular science book A Brief History of Earth： Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action.“Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years，”Knoll wrote.“You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain.Once it was their world, and now it's yours，” he continued.“The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future.The world you inherited is not just yours； it is your responsibility.What happens next is up to you.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史，以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。
9．What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes
A．The physical properties of rocks.
B．The history of humans on the Earth.
C．The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters.
D．The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma oceans to a green and blue orb filled with life.”可知，在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里，可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史。
10．Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE
A．He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.
B．He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.
C．He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.
D．He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知，Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的 看法。
11．What's the meaning of the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4
A．Puzzled.　　　　　 B．Fascinated.
C．Distracted. D．Affected.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据下文“我还记得我12岁时的那种感觉和一种想法：把这块石头敲开，你会看到人类从未见过的东西。那是一个非常非常棒的想法，如果我发现了别人没有的东西或想法，我仍然会很兴奋”并结合所给选项可推知，此处表示“被化石迷住”，故画线词意为“被迷住”。
12．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To illustrate the significance of fossils.
B．To market a book on the Earth's history.
C．To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas.
D．To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.
√
解析：写作意图题。文章第一段引入话题，提到了在常人看来没啥大用处的岩石、悬崖和采石场对于古生物学家Andrew Knoll 来说却有着非凡的意义；后文以此话题展开，讲述了他对化石的研究与发现、他被化石迷住的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知，这篇文章主要介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
What is the origin of Family History Month
Every human has a history of some sort or another.Usually, that history goes far back beyond ourselves.Every ancestor we have has left his mark on us. 13 .Many people find that there is a certain comfort in knowing where they came from, and that's why Family History Month was started.
How to celebrate Family History Month
Celebrating the history of the family is obviously something that should happen all year round! Try out some of these ideas to get started：
* Compile (编纂) a family history
It all starts with collecting what people know about their families and compiling it together. 14 .They include documents and records, old photographs, and verbal stories from the still－living members of the family.
Those people who are particularly lucky will have had a family member who has started the basics for them. 15 .Today it's a little easier than it used to be.Websites and organizations are easily found that can help people trace (追溯) their family lines.
* 16
Don't let another day go by without hearing the stories that living family members have to tell about their childhoods and the family history.Whether you visit them in person or arrange for a phone call or video conversation, older family members can be vitally important to keep the family history alive.Ask them to share some stories.It will not only give information but will be good for the relationship and help them to feel needed and loved.Remember to take very good notes or record what they have to say for later generations.
* Engage with a genealogy (家谱) website
Let someone else do the hard work of finding out all of that family history and background! 17 .Try out the genealogy websites and services, such as FamilySearch, Ancestry and MyHeritage for ideas of where to get started.
A．Connect with an older family member
B．Focus more on the telling of the elderly
C．If not, it's probably time to take action
D．This can be done through the use of many materials
E．That has been the formation of tradition and culture within our lives
F．It carried the honors and dishonors of everyone who came before them
G．Getting connected to the past is much more practical with the help of professionals
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是家庭历史月以及庆祝家庭历史月的方式。
13．选E　上文提到，我们的祖先在我们身上留下了印记，故E项“这形成了我们生活中的传统和文化”符合语境。选项中的“that”指的是上文提到的“Every ancestor we have has left his mark on us.”。
14．选D　上文提到，这一切都始于收集人们对他们家庭的了解，并将其汇编在一起，由此可知，空处应该与收集材料有关，故D项“这可以通过使用多种材料来实现”符合语境。D项中的“this”代指“collecting what people know about their families ”这件事；空后的“they”代指D项中的“materials”。
15．选C　上文提到，足够幸运的人可能已经有家人开始做一些编写家庭历史的基础工作。下文应该接着说如果没有的话，该怎样做，故C项“如果没有，或许就是该采取行动的时候了”承上启下，符合语境。
16．选A　空处是该段的主题句。该段主要讲要和年长的家庭成员联系，请他们分享故事，提供信息。故A项“与年长的家庭成员取得联系”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。
17．选G　上文提到，让别人去做找出所有家族历史和背景的艰苦工作吧！下文则说，试试家谱网站和服务，由此可知，G项“在专业人士的帮助下，与过去联系起来更加实际”承上启下，符合语境。G项中的“with the help of professionals”和上文的“Let someone else do the hard work”、下文的“Try out the genealogy websites and services”是对应的。UNIT 3　课时检测(五)　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
The discovery of a special red purse has offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio.In 2019, a caretaker at North Canton Middle School was repairing lockers when he discovered a purse jammed behind a piece of metal.Although the purse was dusty and dirty, its contents were well preserved.They belonged to Patti Rumfola who lost the purse in 1957 when she was a teenager attending what was then Hoover High School.
The things found in the bag tell the story of a teenager who got involved in her community and did lots of practical things, was organized, and loved her family.Among the things found were her American Junior Red Cross Card, tickets, wheat pennies, pens, a pocket calendar, and photos of her friends and family.
Once the school determined Rumfola was the rightful owner, they contacted the North Canton Alumni Association in hopes of returning it to her.The organization figured out that Rumfola had graduated from Hoover High School in 1960.Unfortunately, Rumfola passed away in 2013 at the age of 71 in DuBois, Pennsylvania, so she'll never get to see these things from the past.
But she lived a full life.According to her life story, she was a retired school teacher who worked in Annapolis, Maryland.And as in her youth, she continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women's Club in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania.Rumfola was also a costume designer with the Reitz Theatre who enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren.
Because the school could not return Rumfola's purse to her, they reached out to her grown children.Rumfola's five children were together for a family gathering where they opened the purse to have a glimpse (短暂的体验) into their mother's life at Hoover High School.Each of her five children kept one of the wheat pennies as a remembrance of their mom.
1．Why does the author regard the red purse as special
A．It was in perfect condition.
B．It had a moving story.
C．It belonged to a special student.
D．It became a time capsule.
2．Which of the following words can best describe Patti Rumfola
A．Devoted and helpful.
B．Creative and ambitious.
C．Intelligent and easygoing.
D．Curious and hard working.
3．What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A．Rumfola's career choices.
B．Rumfola's life experiences.
C．Rumfola's main attainments.
D．Rumfola's family commitments.
4．What can be inferred about North Canton Middle School
A．It was founded in the 1950s.
B．It offers design courses to students.
C．It cares about its previous graduates.
D．It kept a wheat penny as a remembrance.
B()
Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans, after research showed that a famous skull of a human ancestor found in South Africa is a million years older than experts thought.This discovery has changed what we know of human history.
The skull, which scientists have named “Mrs Ples”， is from an ape like human relative from a species called Australopithecus africanus.It was found near Johannesburg in 1947 and, based on evidence from its surroundings, it was thought to be between 2.1 and 2.6 million years old.This puzzled scientists, because although Mrs Ples looks like a possible early ancestor of early humans, the first true humans had already evolved by the time she apparently lived.For this reason, scientists decided that, Australopithecus afarensis, a similar species from Eastern Africa that lived about 3.85 and 2.95 million years ago, was our most likely ancestor instead.
To get a more accurate age of Mrs Ples, a team led by Professor Darryl Granger of Purdue University in Indiana, used a new method to date the sandy rocks where the skull lay.They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks, which form at a steady rate when they are exposed to cosmic rays (宇宙射线) on Earth's surface.Once rocks are buried, these chemicals stop forming and slowly disappear; the surviving amount reveals how much time has passed since the rocks (or bones) were on the surface.
The new study shows that Mrs Ples and other australopithecine bones nearby are between 3.4 and 3.7 million years old.This means they lived at the same time as their Eastern African relatives, so either group could have given rise to modern humans.However, team member Dr Laurent Bruxelles pointed out that over millions of years, at only 2,500 miles away, these groups had plenty of time to travel and to breed with each other.In other words, the groups could quite easily have met, had children together and both been part of the history of modern humans.
5．What can we learn about Mrs Ples from the first two paragraphs
A．It is a skull found in Eastern Africa.
B．It is the most possible ancestor of humans.
C．It is a million years older than scientists expected.
D．It is proved to live between 2.1 and 2.6 million years ago.
6．How did scientists get the accurate age of “Mrs Ples”？
A．By studying the effect of cosmic rays.
B．By calculating the forming rate of chemicals.
C．By locating the sandy rocks where the skull lay.
D．By measuring the surviving amount of chemicals.
7．What can we infer from the new study
A．Modern humans came into being in Eastern Africa.
B．Mrs Ples travelled and had children with Eastern African relatives.
C．The history of modern humans might begin 3.85 million years ago.
D．Ape like species from Africa could have interacted with each other.
8．Which of the following can be the best title of the text
A．Puzzle Unsolved
B．Ancestor Mystery Solved
C．Mrs Ples: The Earliest Human Being
D．Mrs Ples: A Famous Skull
C
Rocks, cliffs and quarries are not much for most of us to look at, but for paleontologist (古生物学家) Andrew Knoll, they are radiant with meaning, telling a story.
That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma (岩浆) oceans to a green and blue orb (球体) filled with life.Between those inhospitable beginnings and now, continents formed and were torn apart, mountain ranges appeared and disappeared, ice caps spread and receded (变小)．These are the lost worlds that Knoll has explored and shed light on.
“He really tries to integrate all the available data — the geological, the biological and the chemical — and puts things in perspective.He's not just a person that looks at a fossil and says, ‘Oh, this is so and so and it came from this time period.’ He is able to make this whole picture, understand why the fossil is there and the context of everything that's going on at the time，” said Daniel Conley, a biogeochemistry professor.
Knoll said he first became mesmerized by fossils when he was in primary school.“I can remember the feeling when I was 12 years old and just the idea that you'd break this rock open and you'd see something that no human being has ever seen.That was a wonderful, wonderful thought, and I still get excited if I discover something or have an idea that no one else has had.”
His popular science book A Brief History of Earth: Four Billion Years in Eight Chapters released in 2021 ends with an emotional call to action.“Here you stand, in the physical and biological legacy of 4 billion years，”Knoll wrote.“You walk where dinosaurs walked across hillsides, where mammoths once commanded a frozen plain.Once it was their world, and now it's yours，” he continued.“The difference between you and the dinosaurs, of course, is that you can comprehend the past and envision the future.The world you inherited is not just yours; it is your responsibility.What happens next is up to you.”
9．What can be learned from rocks, cliffs and quarries in Andrew Knoll's eyes
A．The physical properties of rocks.
B．The history of humans on the Earth.
C．The plot twists in Hollywood blockbusters.
D．The evolution of the Earth over a long time span.
10．Which of the following statements about Knoll is TRUE
A．He reads the meaning behind a fossil better than any other scientists.
B．He began his career as a paleontologist when he was in primary school.
C．He tries to offer a more comprehensive view on the formation of a fossil.
D．He focuses on the differences between humans and dinosaurs in his book.
11．What's the meaning of the underlined word “mesmerized” in paragraph 4
A．Puzzled.　　　　　 B．Fascinated.
C．Distracted. D．Affected.
12．What's the purpose of the passage
A．To illustrate the significance of fossils.
B．To market a book on the Earth's history.
C．To introduce a paleontologist and his ideas.
D．To motivate readers to do research on the Earth.
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
What is the origin of Family History Month
Every human has a history of some sort or another.Usually, that history goes far back beyond ourselves.Every ancestor we have has left his mark on us. __13__.Many people find that there is a certain comfort in knowing where they came from, and that's why Family History Month was started.
How to celebrate Family History Month
Celebrating the history of the family is obviously something that should happen all year round! Try out some of these ideas to get started：
* Compile (编纂) a family history
It all starts with collecting what people know about their families and compiling it together. __14__.They include documents and records, old photographs, and verbal stories from the still living members of the family.
Those people who are particularly lucky will have had a family member who has started the basics for them. __15__.Today it's a little easier than it used to be.Websites and organizations are easily found that can help people trace (追溯) their family lines.
* __16__
Don't let another day go by without hearing the stories that living family members have to tell about their childhoods and the family history.Whether you visit them in person or arrange for a phone call or video conversation, older family members can be vitally important to keep the family history alive.Ask them to share some stories.It will not only give information but will be good for the relationship and help them to feel needed and loved.Remember to take very good notes or record what they have to say for later generations.
* Engage with a genealogy (家谱) website
Let someone else do the hard work of finding out all of that family history and background! __17__.Try out the genealogy websites and services, such as FamilySearch, Ancestry and MyHeritage for ideas of where to get started.
A．Connect with an older family member
B．Focus more on the telling of the elderly
C．If not, it's probably time to take action
D．This can be done through the use of many materials
E．That has been the formation of tradition and culture within our lives
F．It carried the honors and dishonors of everyone who came before them
G．Getting connected to the past is much more practical with the help of professionals
UNIT 3　课时检测(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位管理员在学校偶然发现了一个丢失于20世纪50年代的钱包，它像一个时间胶囊一样，让人得以一窥那时的生活。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及最后一段中的“Rumfola's five children ...opened the purse to have a glimpse into their mother's life”可知，这个钱包就像一个时间胶囊，让人短暂地体验了一下过去的那段生活。
2．选A　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“loved her family”和第四段中的“enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren”可知，她是一个深爱家人的人(devoted)；根据第二段中的“got involved in her community and did lots of practical things” “her American Junior Red Cross Card”和第四段中的“continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found ...Pennsylvania”可知，她是一个乐于助人的人(helpful)。
3．选B　段落大意题。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“she lived a full life” “her life story”可知，本段主要介绍了Rumfola的一些生活经历。
4．选C　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，为了把钱包物归原主，North Canton Middle School 做了很多努力。由此可以推知，该学校在乎曾经毕业于此的学生。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在南非发现的一个人类祖先的头盖骨改变了人们对人类历史的认知。文章介绍了相关时间测算的技术问题，并介绍了人们对新研究结果的不同看法等。
5．选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“a famous skull ...a million years older than experts thought”可知，在南非发现的一个人类祖先的著名头盖骨的时间比专家们认为的要早100万年。
6．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They measured the amount of certain chemicals in rocks ...were on the surface.”可知，科学家们通过测量岩石中特定化学物质的含量来判断Mrs Ples的年龄。
7．选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是最后两句可知，这些群体可能很容易相遇、一起生儿育女。据此可以推知，来自非洲的类猿物种可能互相交流、繁衍了。
8．选B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文第一段中的“Scientists have solved a puzzle about modern humans”为全文的主旨句，指出科学家们已解开了关于现代人的祖先之谜；接着全文围绕此主旨句展开，介绍了Mrs Ples的头盖骨的发现以及使用的预测年龄的方法等。故B项适合作文章标题。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古生物学家Andrew Knoll可以通过岩石、悬崖和采石场讲述地球的历史，以及他被化石深深吸引的经历和其观点等。
9．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“That tale is the Earth's history — how the planet went from a rock covered in magma oceans to a green and blue orb filled with life.”可知，在古生物学家Andrew Knoll的眼里，可以从岩石、悬崖和采石场中了解到地球的演变历史。
10．选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中生物地球化学教授Daniel Conley对Knoll的评价可知，Knoll试图对化石的形成提出更全面的看法。
11．选B　词义猜测题。根据下文“我还记得我12岁时的那种感觉和一种想法：把这块石头敲开，你会看到人类从未见过的东西。那是一个非常非常棒的想法，如果我发现了别人没有的东西或想法，我仍然会很兴奋”并结合所给选项可推知，此处表示“被化石迷住”，故画线词意为“被迷住”。
12．选C　写作意图题。文章第一段引入话题，提到了在常人看来没啥大用处的岩石、悬崖和采石场对于古生物学家Andrew Knoll 来说却有着非凡的意义；后文以此话题展开，讲述了他对化石的研究与发现、他被化石迷住的经历以及他的一些观点。由此可知，这篇文章主要介绍这位古生物学家以及他的观点。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是家庭历史月以及庆祝家庭历史月的方式。
13．选E　上文提到，我们的祖先在我们身上留下了印记，故E项“这形成了我们生活中的传统和文化”符合语境。选项中的“that”指的是上文提到的“Every ancestor we have has left his mark on us.”。
14．选D　上文提到，这一切都始于收集人们对他们家庭的了解，并将其汇编在一起，由此可知，空处应该与收集材料有关，故D项“这可以通过使用多种材料来实现”符合语境。D项中的“this”代指“collecting what people know about their families ”这件事；空后的“they”代指D项中的“materials”。
15．选C　上文提到，足够幸运的人可能已经有家人开始做一些编写家庭历史的基础工作。下文应该接着说如果没有的话，该怎样做，故C项“如果没有，或许就是该采取行动的时候了”承上启下，符合语境。
16．选A　空处是该段的主题句。该段主要讲要和年长的家庭成员联系，请他们分享故事，提供信息。故A项“与年长的家庭成员取得联系”能概括本段主旨，符合语境。
17．选G　上文提到，让别人去做找出所有家族历史和背景的艰苦工作吧！下文则说，试试家谱网站和服务，由此可知，G项“在专业人士的帮助下，与过去联系起来更加实际”承上启下，符合语境。G项中的“with the help of professionals”和上文的“Let someone else do the hard work”、下文的“Try out the genealogy websites and services”是对应的。
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