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Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
　　　(语法项目——同位语从句)
语境中体悟
The problem that① Tom developed a rare heart disease bothered his parents.Yesterday the doctors made the decision that② Tom should be operated on in no time.The fact that③ Tom's illness got worse disappointed his parents and all his friends.The doctors held the belief that④ the operation might lead to many important scientific breakthroughs.But then the question came to their minds whether⑤ the operation would be successful.Besides that, there was also a different opinion about the question who⑥ led the operation.Finally, after several discussions, the doctors and Tom's parents reached an agreement when⑦ it would be performed.
[语法入门]
句①②③④都是that引导的同位语从句，所修饰的名词分别是problem、 decision、 fact、 belief。
句⑤是whether引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词question的内容，whether表示“是否”。
句⑥是who引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词question的内容，who表示“谁”。
句⑦是when引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词agreement的内容，when表示“什么时候”。
学案中理清
在主从复合句中，在句中作某一名词尤其是抽象名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句。能跟同位语从句的名词一般是fact、news、idea、truth、hope、problem、information、wish、promise、answer、evidence、report、explanation、suggestion、conclusion等抽象名词。
一、同位语从句的连接词及其功能　
从属连词 that 无意义，不作成分，不可省略
whether 表示“是否”，不作成分，不能用if代替
连接代词 what、who、whom、whose、which 有词义，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词 where、when、why、 how 有词义，作状语
二、同位语从句的注意事项
1．分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
Word came that some wolves appeared around that village.
有消息传来说在那个村子周围出现了几只狼。
2．名词suggestion、order、demand、command、request、desire、proposal等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.
采用新规定的建议是主席提出的。
3．在肯定句中，名词doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导；在否定句或疑问句中，doubt后的同位语从句用that引导。
There is some doubt whether he will leave.
对于他是否离开有些疑问。
I have no doubt that he will win the game.
我坚信他会赢得这场比赛。
三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别　
从意义上看 从引导词上看
作用相当于 对先行词的作用 that wh－类引导词
同位语 从句 名词 解释，说明 无意义，不作成分，不可省略 有实际意义，作成分(whether除外)
定语从句 形容词 修饰，限制 that指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作主语时不可省，有时可用which代替 有意义，作成分，其前面有意义相当的先行词
The fact that there is no life on the moon is known to all.
月球上没有生命这个事实大家都知道。(同位语从句)
The fact that he often talks about is useless to us.
他经常谈论的这个事实对我们毫无用处。(定语从句)
[对点练]　
(1)判断下列句中加黑部分是定语从句还是同位语从句
①He will never forget the days when he lived with his grandparents.________________
②He has no idea when the meeting will be held.________________
③We are glad at the news that he will come.________________
④We are sad about the news that he told us.________________
(2)单句语法填空
⑤There is no doubt ____________ I will enhance its reputation through my efforts.
⑥We'll discuss the problem ____________ the sports meeting will be held on time.
⑦I have no idea ____________ he will start.
⑧Do you have any idea ____________ it means to be poor
⑨He gave orders that the work ____________ (start) immediately.
I have some doubt ____________ she will come on time.
There can be little doubt ____________ this kind of class can help the gifted children to graduate earlier.
Word came ____________ we would have lessons on Saturday.
应用中融通
Ⅰ.在空白处填入合适的连接词
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Gunter agreed this agreement ____________ I would pay him with an additional 10 euros as a gesture of my gratitude.
2．The fact ____________ she works hard is well known to us all.
3．The secret was finally given away ____________ his daughter was an adopted one.
4．What's your opinion of Mr Li's request ____________ we should spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning
5．There is no doubt ____________ staying up is more likely to result in over anxiety.
6．There is still some doubt ____________ the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
7．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ____________ you are better than anyone else in the sports field.
8．The question ____________ should do the job requires consideration.
9．They are faced with the problem __________ they should continue the work.
10．The idea ____________ I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.
Ⅱ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
While I was walking outside, I received a message ①____________ the company asked me to go for work tomorrow.I went to my father in a hurry to ask him for advice ②____________ I could get used to the work quickly.The other day, he made a promise ③____________ he would help me.I had no idea ④____________ I could get along with my colleagues.Then I asked him a question ⑤____________ I should do to balance the relationship between work and life.My father patiently answered my confusion.He had a belief ⑥____________ I was going to be a great person.There was no doubt ⑦____________ my father's words encouraged me greatly.I had a wish ⑧____________ I would become a useful man to society.
1．Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma.
抱歉，打扰您了，马小姐。
★interrupt vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi.打扰，插嘴
|用|法|感|知|
·The game was interrupted several times by rain.
比赛因下雨中断了几次。
·In this way my preparation for college went on without interruption.
我以这种方式为上大学做着准备，其间从未间断。
[归纳点拨]
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事
(2)interruption n. 打扰，插嘴；阻断物
without interruption 连续地，不间断地
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①She went on with her story quickly, before she should ____________ (interrupt)．
②I managed to work for two hours without ____________ (interrupt)．
③She has kept up physical training for years __________________.
她多年来一直坚持锻炼，从未间断。
④I am not accustomed to ________________ when I was writing.
我不习惯在写作的时候被人打扰。
(2)替换加黑词汇
⑤I can't stand people cutting in all the time when I am speaking.________________
2．For example, it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.
例如，它投票决定哪些遗址将被列入联合国教科文组织的遗产名录，并监督保护状况。
★vote vt.& vi.投票，表决n.选票；投票
|用|法|感|知|
·All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.
所有年满十八岁的公民都有选举权和被选举权。
·There were 21 votes for and 17 against the motion, with 2 abstentions.
这项动议有21票赞成，17票反对，2票弃权。
[归纳点拨]
(1)vote sb.(to be) ...　 选某人(当)……
vote to do sth. 投票表决做某事；一致认为做某事
vote for 投票赞成
vote through 投票通过(计划、法令等)
vote against 投票反对
(2)have a vote on ... 对……进行表决
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①That was the name students voted ________ after deciding that “Room 104” was too dull.
②They voted ________ (continue) the struggle.
③Whether you vote for or ____________ the proposal doesn't seem to matter very much.
④The chairman asked us to have a vote __________ the plan.
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清 　
①定语从句　②同位语从句　③同位语从句　④定语从句　⑤that　⑥whether　⑦when/whether　⑧what
⑨(should) be started　⑩whether　 that　 that
应用中融通 　
Ⅰ.1.that　2.that　3.that　4.that　5.that　6.whether　7.that
8．who　9.whether　10.that
Ⅱ.①that　②how　③that　④how　⑤what　⑥that　⑦that　⑧that
新知深化学习
1．①be interrupted　②interruption　③without interruption
④being interrupted　⑤interrupting
2．①for　②to continue　③against　④on
5 / 5(共63张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
(语法项目——同位语从句)
目 录
NO.1 语法专题突破
NO.2 新知深化学习
课时检测
语法专题突破
NO.1
语境中体悟
The problem that① Tom developed a rare heart disease bothered his parents.Yesterday the doctors made the decision that② Tom should be operated on in no time.The fact that③ Tom's illness got worse disappointed his parents and all his friends.The doctors held the belief that④ the operation might lead to many important scientific breakthroughs.But then the question came to their minds whether⑤ the operation would be successful.Besides that, there was also a different opinion about the question who⑥ led the operation.Finally, after several discussions, the doctors and Tom's parents reached an agreement when⑦ it would be performed.
[语法入门]
句①②③④都是that引导的同位语从句，所修饰的名词分别是problem、 decision、 fact、 belief。
句⑤是whether引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词question的内容，whether表示“是否”。
句⑥是who引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词question的内容，who表示“谁”。
句⑦是when引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词agreement的内容，when表示“什么时候”。
学案中理清
在主从复合句中，在句中作某一名词尤其是抽象名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容的从句叫同位语从句。能跟同位语从句的名词一般是fact、news、idea、truth、hope、problem、information、wish、promise、answer、evidence、report、explanation、suggestion、conclusion等抽象名词。
一、同位语从句的连接词及其功能
从属连词 that 无意义，不作成分，不可省略
whether 表示“是否”，不作成分，不能用if代替
连接代词 what、who、whom、whose、which 有词义，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语
连接副词 where、when、why、 how 有词义，作状语
二、同位语从句的注意事项
1．分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。
Word came that some wolves appeared around that village.
有消息传来说在那个村子周围出现了几只狼。
2．名词suggestion、order、demand、command、request、desire、proposal等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The suggestion that the new rule (should) be adopted came from the chairman.
采用新规定的建议是主席提出的。
3．在肯定句中，名词doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导；在否定句或疑问句中，doubt后的同位语从句用that引导。
There is some doubt whether he will leave.
对于他是否离开有些疑问。
I have no doubt that he will win the game.
我坚信他会赢得这场比赛。
三、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
从意义上看 从引导词上看
作用 相当于 对先行词 的作用 that wh－类引导词
同位语 从句 名词 解释， 说明 无意义，不作成分，不可省略 有实际意义，作成分(whether除外)
定语从句 形容词 修饰， 限制 that指代先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作主语时不可省，有时可用which代替 有意义，作成分，其前面有意义相当的先行词
The fact that there is no life on the moon is known to all.
月球上没有生命这个事实大家都知道。(同位语从句)
The fact that he often talks about is useless to us.
他经常谈论的这个事实对我们毫无用处。(定语从句)
[对点练]　
(1)判断下列句中加黑部分是定语从句还是同位语从句
①He will never forget the days when he lived with his grandparents. __________
②He has no idea when the meeting will be held. ____________
③We are glad at the news that he will come. ___________
④We are sad about the news that he told us. __________
定语从句
同位语从句
同位语从句
定语从句
(2)单句语法填空
⑤There is no doubt _____ I will enhance its reputation through my efforts.
⑥We'll discuss the problem ________ the sports meeting will be held on time.
⑦I have no idea _____________ he will start.
⑧Do you have any idea ______ it means to be poor
that
whether
when/whether
what
⑨He gave orders that the work ___________________ (start) immediately.
⑩I have some doubt _________ she will come on time.
There can be little doubt ______ this kind of class can help the gifted children to graduate earlier.
Word came ______ we would have lessons on Saturday.
(should) be started
whether
that
that
Ⅰ.在空白处填入合适的连接词
1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)Gunter agreed this agreement _____ I would pay him with an additional 10 euros as a gesture of my gratitude.
2．The fact _____ she works hard is well known to us all.
3．The secret was finally given away _____ his daughter was an adopted one.
that
that
应用中融通
that
4．What's your opinion of Mr Li's request ______ we should spend half an hour reading English aloud every morning
5．There is no doubt ______ staying up is more likely to result in over anxiety.
6．There is still some doubt _________ the autumn sports meeting will be held in our school.
that
that
whether
7．The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else in the sports field.
8．The question _____ should do the job requires consideration.
9．They are faced with the problem ________ they should continue the work.
10．The idea ______ I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.
that
who
whether
that
Ⅱ.用适当的连接词完成下面短文
While I was walking outside, I received a message ①_____ the company asked me to go for work tomorrow.I went to my father in a hurry to ask him for advice ②_____ I could get used to the work quickly.The other day, he made a promise ③______ he would help me.I had no idea ④_____ I could get along with my colleagues.Then I asked him a question ⑤_____ I should do to balance the relationship between
that
how
that
how
what
work and life.My father patiently answered my confusion.He had a belief ⑥______ I was going to be a great person.There was no doubt ⑦_____ my father's words encouraged me greatly.I had a wish⑧____ I would become a useful man to society.
that
that
that
新知深化学习
NO.2
1．Sorry to interrupt you, Miss Ma.
抱歉，打扰您了，马小姐。
★interrupt vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断vi.打扰，插嘴
|用|法|感|知|
·The game was interrupted several times by rain.
比赛因下雨中断了几次。
·In this way my preparation for college went on without interruption.
我以这种方式为上大学做着准备，其间从未间断。
[归纳点拨]
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.) (因某事)打断某人/某事
(2)interruption n. 打扰，插嘴；阻断物
without interruption 连续地，不间断地
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空/完成句子
①She went on with her story quickly, before she should ______________ (interrupt)．
②I managed to work for two hours without _____________ (interrupt)．
be interrupted
interruption
③She has kept up physical training for years _________________.
她多年来一直坚持锻炼，从未间断。
④I am not accustomed to ________________ when I was writing.
我不习惯在写作的时候被人打扰。
(2)替换加蓝词汇
⑤I can't stand people cutting in all the time when I am speaking.
____________
without interruption
being interrupted
interrupting
2．For example, it votes to determine which sites are to be listed as UNESCO heritage sites and monitors the state of conservation.
例如，它投票决定哪些遗址将被列入联合国教科文组织的遗产名录，并监督保护状况。
★vote vt.& vi.投票，表决n.选票；投票
|用|法|感|知|
·All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election.
所有年满十八岁的公民都有选举权和被选举权。
·There were 21 votes for and 17 against the motion, with 2 abstentions.
这项动议有21票赞成，17票反对，2票弃权。
[归纳点拨]
(1)vote sb.(to be) ...　 选某人(当)……
vote to do sth. 投票表决做某事；一致认为做某事
vote for 投票赞成
vote through 投票通过(计划、法令等)
vote against 投票反对
(2)have a vote on ... 对……进行表决
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空)
①That was the name students voted ____ after deciding that “Room 104” was too dull.
②They voted ___________ (continue) the struggle.
③Whether you vote for or ________ the proposal doesn't seem to matter very much.
④The chairman asked us to have a vote ____ the plan.
for
to continue
against
on
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In September, when UNESCO Director－General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July.
“The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals.The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment，”Qin Changwei, secretary－general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov.17 and 18.“It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.”
Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO (Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites.Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.
“Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in－depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration，” says Qin.“Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans，” he adds.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国周口店的建筑受到称赞，因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。文章还解释了气候变化对遗产地的影响以及解决方案。
1．Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian
A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors.
B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design.
C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities.
D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.”可知，中国周口店的建筑受到称赞是因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好 榜样。
2．What topic is covered in the Beijing forum
A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites.
B．The preservation of the original structure.
C．The unsuitable response to disasters.
D．The unacceptable human behaviours.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.”可知，北京论坛将讨论气候变化对遗产地的影响。
3．According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem
A．Strengthening international cooperation.
B．Hosting more in－depth discussion forums.
C．Making plans for risk prevention individually.
D．Turning attention to developing space technology.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans，’ he adds.”可知，应该加强国际合作解决这个问题。
4．What is the main concern of the author
A．The loss of balance between humans and nature.
B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage.
C．The growing weather threat that heritage sites face.
D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration”可知，作者主要关心的是遗产地面临的日益严重的天气威胁。
Ⅱ.完形填空
For a decade, Xie Jincheng has been buried in his duties at the National Library of China (NLC) in Beijing.When asked how old he was, the 37－year－old had to pause for a few seconds to 5 .
Each working day, he sits at a desk and focuses on handling ragged yet 6 pieces of paper in front of him.As one of 17 restorers of 7 books at the NLC, he shakes off centuries of old dust to 8 the works he deals with.
Xie doesn't require a large 9 to use his skills.Using glue, scissors, tweezers (镊子), brushes and several other simple 10 ， he skillfully restores the pages in front of him.
It's estimated that the NLC 11 more than 3 million ancient Chinese books.The world's biggest 12 of its kind, it comprises about 10% of such books in the nation.In China, the term “ancient books” 13 works before 1911.
Xie, who majored in chemistry at college, 14 to cultural relics conservation at graduate school, realizing that there was a 15 of restorers of ancient books in China.
It took Xie more than two yeas of 16 his tutors and developing his talent before he was formally assigned to 17 his first page.
Restoration of books is like seeing a doctor.If the doctor is good, your illness will 18 immediately following treatment.But if not, you may die taking the medicine.So if you cannot see a good 19 ， you'd better keep your item as it is.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国国家图书馆古籍修复师谢谨诚修复古籍的故事。
解析：根据上文“When asked”可知，此处应指谈到(talk)被问的问题。
5．A.look　　　　　　　　 B．talk
C．laugh D．remember
√
解析：根据上文“yet”可知，此处与上文“ragged”形成转折；再结合下文的“As one of 17 restorers of ...”可知，此处表示破旧但价值连城。
6．A.priceless B．complete
C．neat D．ready
√
解析：根据上文“ragged yet _________ pieces of paper”以及下文“shakes off centuries of old dust”可知，此处表示古书修复者之一。
7．A.modern B．popular
C．ancient D．handy
√
解析：根据语境可知，此处表示修复了他处理的作品。
8．A.revise B．renew
C．make D．finish
√
9．A.space B．time
C．energy D．patience
√
解析：根据上文“large”以及下文“he skillfully restores the pages in front of him”可知，此处指他不需要很大的空间(space)来施展他的技能。
解析：根据上文“glue, scissors, tweezers, brushes”以及“and”可知，此处表示其他一些工具(tools)。
10．A.materials B．methods
C．tools D．actions
√
解析：根据下文“more than 3 million ancient Chinese books”可知，此处应为“藏有”之意。
11．A.donates B．trades
C．digs D．houses
√
12．A.decoration B．selection
C．collection D．exhibition
√
解析：根据上文“the NLC ________ more than 3 million ancient Chinese books”以及下文“of its kind”可知，它是世界上最大的同类图书藏品。
解析：根据句意以及“works before 1911”可知，此处“古籍”指的是1911年以前的作品。
13．A.refers to B．adds to
C．differs from D．dates from
√
解析：根据上文“who majored in chemistry at college”以及后来从事古籍修复工作可知，此处表示他转向从事文化遗产保护。
14．A.kept B．switched
C．objected D．replied
√
解析：根据他转向从事文化遗产保护以及前文提到的古籍修复工作可知，他意识到中国缺乏古籍修复者。
15．A.leave B．storage
C．shortage D．return
√
解析：根据下文“he was formally assigned to _____ his first page”可知，谢花了两年多的时间观察他的导师，培养他的才能。
16．A.observing B．supporting
C．satisfying D．praising
√
解析：根据上文“restorers”可知，此处表示他被正式指派修复他的第一页。本空属于原词复现。
17．A.edit B．restore
C．copy D．rewrite
√
解析：根据上文“If the doctor is good”以及“following treatment”可知，病会在治疗后立即消失。
18．A.shift B．worsen
C．decrease D．disappear
√
19．A.visitor B．librarian
C．craftsman D．doctor
√
解析：根据下文“keep your item as it is”可知，如果你遇不到一个好的工匠，你最好保持你的物品原样。根据常识可知，古籍修复师也是工匠。
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)( )
Chinese archaeologists recently released the findings of a series of new excavations 20 (relate) to the Hongshan Culture, a new stone culture renowned for its jade carvings, raising the number of Hongshan Culture sites from a little over 90 to more than 500.
Active 6,500 to 5,000 years ago, the Hongshan Culture extended throughout a 200,000－square－kilometer area of 21 is today the West Liaohe River Basin.The excavations in 2022 22 (unearth) remains of grains, sacrificial buildings and a large settlement, revealing an agricultural society that ate grains.The discovery demonstrates the Hongshan people made sacrifices to wish for 23 better harvest.
Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 24 (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors' life.Although these findings were 25 (value), there was little evidence 26 gave archeologists an idea of what people's daily life was like back then.This has changed, however, 27 the discovery of a large settlement site in the Niuheliang region 28 (contain) 27 homes.Present research shows that the Hongshan people's houses were semi－underground and made use of long entryways.
“The Hongshan Culture 29 (original) began about 5,000 to 8,000 years ago, and promoted the development of Chinese civilization，” noted Sun Yonggang, a history researcher at Chifeng University.
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国考古学家最近公布了一系列与红山文化有关的新发掘结果，增加了该文化遗址的数量，让考古学家了解了当时人们的日常生活。
20．related　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语released，空处是非谓语动词；relate和excavations逻辑上是被动关系，且动作当时已完成，应用relate的过去分词形式作后置定语。
21．what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句作of的宾语，宾语从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what。
22．unearthed　考查时态。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in 2022”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。
23．a　考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一个更好的收成”，应用不定冠词，且better以辅音音素开头，故用a。
24．were known　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Before the new discovery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时；know和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是复数，be动词应用were。
25．valuable　考查形容词。空处在句中作表语，表示“有价值的”，应用形容词valuable。
26．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词evidence，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。
27．with　考查介词。空后为名词短语，结合“This has changed”可知，空处意为“随着”，应用介词with，和空后名词短语构成状语。
28．containing　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语has changed，空处为非谓语动词，且contain和a large settlement site逻辑上是主动关系，应用contain的现在分词形式作后置定语。
29．originally　考查副词。空处修饰动词began，应用副词originally，意为“起初，原来”，作状语。UNIT 4　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
In September, when UNESCO Director General Audrey Azoulay visited Zhoukoudian in suburban Beijing, which is famous for the discovery of Peking Man living between 700,000 to 200,000 years ago, she was full of praise for the structure that successfully protected Yuanrendong Cave from an unusual rainstorm in July.
“The cave in the central area of the site has so far revealed the remains of 40 individuals.The structure protects the site from the weather, including heavy wind, snow and hail, and its design fits in with the surrounding environment，”Qin Changwei, secretary general of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO, said at the 2nd World Cultural and Natural Heritage Forum in Beijing on Nov.17 and 18.“It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.”
Organized by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region under the Auspices of UNESCO (Beijing), and the China Foundation for Cultural Heritage Conservation among others, the forum brought together some 50 professionals to discuss the protection and sustainable (可持续发展的) development of heritage sites.Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.
“Entering the 21st century, climate change has been the subject of in depth discussion by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee.Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration，” says Qin.“Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans，” he adds.
1．Why was China praised for the structure in Zhoukoudian
A．It attracts an increasing number of visitors.
B．It matches the surrounding buildings in design.
C．It is well preserved from destructive human activities.
D．It sets a good example to cultural heritage protection.
2．What topic is covered in the Beijing forum
A．The effects of climate change on heritage sites.
B．The preservation of the original structure.
C．The unsuitable response to disasters.
D．The unacceptable human behaviours.
3．According to Qin, what can be done to deal with the problem
A．Strengthening international cooperation.
B．Hosting more in depth discussion forums.
C．Making plans for risk prevention individually.
D．Turning attention to developing space technology.
4．What is the main concern of the author
A．The loss of balance between humans and nature.
B．The lack of measures taken to preserve heritage.
C．The growing weather threat that heritage sites face.
D．The worsening relation between climate change and humans.
Ⅱ.完形填空
For a decade, Xie Jincheng has been buried in his duties at the National Library of China (NLC) in Beijing.When asked how old he was, the 37 year old had to pause for a few seconds to __5__.
Each working day, he sits at a desk and focuses on handling ragged yet __6__ pieces of paper in front of him.As one of 17 restorers of __7__ books at the NLC, he shakes off centuries of old dust to __8__ the works he deals with.
Xie doesn't require a large __9__ to use his skills.Using glue, scissors, tweezers (镊子), brushes and several other simple __10__， he skillfully restores the pages in front of him.
It's estimated that the NLC __11__ more than 3 million ancient Chinese books.The world's biggest __12__ of its kind, it comprises about 10% of such books in the nation.In China, the term “ancient books” __13__ works before 1911.
Xie, who majored in chemistry at college, __14__ to cultural relics conservation at graduate school, realizing that there was a __15__ of restorers of ancient books in China.
It took Xie more than two yeas of __16__ his tutors and developing his talent before he was formally assigned to __17__ his first page.
Restoration of books is like seeing a doctor.If the doctor is good, your illness will __18__ immediately following treatment.But if not, you may die taking the medicine.So if you cannot see a good __19__， you'd better keep your item as it is.
5.A.look　　　　　　　　 B．talk
C．laugh D．remember
6．A.priceless B．complete
C．neat D．ready
7．A.modern B．popular
C．ancient D．handy
8．A.revise B．renew
C．make D．finish
9．A.space B．time
C．energy D．patience
10．A.materials B．methods
C．tools D．actions
11．A.donates B．trades
C．digs D．houses
12．A.decoration B．selection
C．collection D．exhibition
13．A.refers to B．adds to
C．differs from D．dates from
14．A.kept B．switched
C．objected D．replied
15．A.leave B．storage
C．shortage D．return
16．A.observing B．supporting
C．satisfying D．praising
17．A.edit B．restore
C．copy D．rewrite
18．A.shift B．worsen
C．decrease D．disappear
19．A.visitor B．librarian
C．craftsman D．doctor
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)()
Chinese archaeologists recently released the findings of a series of new excavations 20.____________ (relate) to the Hongshan Culture, a new stone culture renowned for its jade carvings, raising the number of Hongshan Culture sites from a little over 90 to more than 500.
Active 6,500 to 5,000 years ago, the Hongshan Culture extended throughout a 200,000 square kilometer area of 21.____________ is today the West Liaohe River Basin.The excavations in 2022 22.____________ (unearth) remains of grains, sacrificial buildings and a large settlement, revealing an agricultural society that ate grains.The discovery demonstrates the Hongshan people made sacrifices to wish for 23.____________ better harvest.
Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 24.____________ (know) to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors' life.Although these findings were 25.____________ (value), there was little evidence 26.____________ gave archeologists an idea of what people's daily life was like back then.This has changed, however, 27.____________ the discovery of a large settlement site in the Niuheliang region 28.__________ (contain) 27 homes.Present research shows that the Hongshan people's houses were semi underground and made use of long entryways.
“The Hongshan Culture 29.____________ (original) began about 5,000 to 8,000 years ago, and promoted the development of Chinese civilization，” noted Sun Yonggang, a history researcher at Chifeng University.
UNIT 4　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国周口店的建筑受到称赞，因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。文章还解释了气候变化对遗产地的影响以及解决方案。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It provides a reference for the protection of precious cultural relics, and suggests measures for helping heritage sites respond to the influence of climate change.”可知，中国周口店的建筑受到称赞是因为它为文化遗产保护树立了一个好榜样。
2．选A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Scholars stressed the influence of climate change on heritage sites, and offered suggestions for how to solve the problem.”可知，北京论坛将讨论气候变化对遗产地的影响。
3．选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘Solving the problem requires us to unify, making full use of advanced technology, such as space and digital technologies, and jointly developing risk prevention and response plans，’ he adds.”可知，应该加强国际合作解决这个问题。
4．选C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Questions like how to balance between humans and nature, how to respond to natural disasters caused by climate change, and what new challenges this brings to World Heritage Sites, are worth consideration”可知，作者主要关心的是遗产地面临的日益严重的天气威胁。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国国家图书馆古籍修复师谢谨诚修复古籍的故事。
5．选B　根据上文“When asked”可知，此处应指谈到(talk)被问的问题。
6．选A　根据上文“yet”可知，此处与上文“ragged”形成转折；再结合下文的“As one of 17 restorers of ...”可知，此处表示破旧但价值连城。
7．选C　根据上文“ragged yet ________ pieces of paper”以及下文“shakes off centuries of old dust”可知，此处表示古书修复者之一。
8．选B　根据语境可知，此处表示修复了他处理的作品。
9．选A　根据上文“large”以及下文“he skillfully restores the pages in front of him”可知，此处指他不需要很大的空间(space)来施展他的技能。
10．选C　根据上文“glue, scissors, tweezers, brushes”以及“and”可知，此处表示其他一些工具(tools)。
11．选D　根据下文“more than 3 million ancient Chinese books”可知，此处应为“藏有”之意。
12．选C　根据上文“the NLC ________ more than 3 million ancient Chinese books”以及下文“of its kind”可知，它是世界上最大的同类图书藏品。
13．选A　根据句意以及“works before 1911”可知，此处“古籍”指的是1911年以前的作品。
14．选B　根据上文“who majored in chemistry at college”以及后来从事古籍修复工作可知，此处表示他转向从事文化遗产保护。
15．选C　根据他转向从事文化遗产保护以及前文提到的古籍修复工作可知，他意识到中国缺乏古籍修复者。
16．选A　根据下文“he was formally assigned to ________ his first page”可知，谢花了两年多的时间观察他的导师，培养他的才能。
17．选B　根据上文“restorers”可知，此处表示他被正式指派修复他的第一页。本空属于原词复现。
18．选D　根据上文“If the doctor is good”以及“following treatment”可知，病会在治疗后立即消失。
19．选C　根据下文“keep your item as it is”可知，如果你遇不到一个好的工匠，你最好保持你的物品原样。根据常识可知，古籍修复师也是工匠。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国考古学家最近公布了一系列与红山文化有关的新发掘结果，增加了该文化遗址的数量，让考古学家了解了当时人们的日常生活。
20．related　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语released，空处是非谓语动词；relate和excavations逻辑上是被动关系，且动作当时已完成，应用relate的过去分词形式作后置定语。
21．what　考查宾语从句。空处引导宾语从句作of的宾语，宾语从句中缺少主语，结合句意可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what。
22．unearthed　考查时态。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in 2022”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。
23．a　考查冠词。空处表示泛指，意为“一个更好的收成”，应用不定冠词，且better以辅音音素开头，故用a。
24．were known　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Before the new discovery”可知，此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时；know和主语the fishing and hunting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；且主语是复数，be动词应用were。
25．valuable　考查形容词。空处在句中作表语，表示“有价值的”，应用形容词valuable。
26．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词evidence，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which。
27．with　考查介词。空后为名词短语，结合“This has changed”可知，空处意为“随着”，应用介词with，和空后名词短语构成状语。
28．containing　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语has changed，空处为非谓语动词，且contain和a large settlement site逻辑上是主动关系，应用contain的现在分词形式作后置定语。
29．originally　考查副词。空处修饰动词began，应用副词originally，意为“起初，原来”，作状语。
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