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(共56张PPT)
沪教牛津版八年级下册
主题范畴：人与自我
Section 4
Key question
Unit 6
Learning by doing
What can you learn from reading fairy tales
Focusing on culture
聚焦文化
Reading fairy tales can be a fun way to learn a language. Have you read any fairy tales in English Which ones
Lead-in
What can you learn from reading fairy tales
Guessing Game: Read the following descriptions and guess which fairy tales they are.
A sea princess falls in love with a human prince. She gives up her voice to get legs and goes to live on land. Sadly, the prince marries someone else, and the sea princess turns into foam.
A baby duck gets bullied by the other ducklings because they think he is ugly. However, when he grows up, he realizes he is a swan.
“The Little Mermaid”
“The Ugly Duckling”
The ruler of a country loves clothes. One day, two men trick him to buy “magic clothes that stupid people cannot see”. Everyone around him praises him for his clothes, and no one wants to tell the ruler that he’s been tricked. In the end, a child points out that the ruler isn’t wearing any clothes.
It is New Year’s Eve. A poor little girl is trying sell matches on the street. Sadly, no one wants to buy them. It is very cold, but she is afraid that her father will beat her, so she doesn’t want to go home. To stay warm, she lights the matches one by one and thinks about her grandmother. When the last match is gone, the girl dies.
“The Emperor’s New Clothes”
“The Little Match Girl”
These are all famous fairy tales by Hans Christian Andersen.
汉斯·克里斯汀·安徒生（Hans Christian Andersen，1805年4月2日～1875年8月4日），又译汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安德森等，19世纪丹麦童话作家，被誉为“世界儿童文学的太阳”。代表作有《坚定的锡兵》《海的女儿》《拇指姑娘》《卖火柴的小女孩》《丑小鸭》《皇帝的新装》等。
Have you seen this kind of tree before Where can we find trees like this
If you were a fir tree, where would you like to live Why
a fir tree
in the forest
a fir tree
in the house
Pre-reading
adj. 高兴；快乐
n. 粉红色的
adj. 年轻；青春
n. 有……价值
n. 圣诞节
n. 前夜；前夕
通过；经过 (……旁边)
(时间) 流逝；过去
pleasure /'ple (r)/
rosy /'r zi/
youth /ju θ/
worth /w θ/
Christmas / kr sm s/
eve /i v/
pass by
go by
Pre-reading
New words and phrases
The fir tree
Deep in the forest grew a pretty little fir tree. The forest was a perfect home for many plants and animals, but the little fir tree was not happy. It wanted to be tall like the other trees.
The sun shone, and the tree’s leaves fluttered in the soft air. Some children played and laughed as they passed by. A child said, “What a pretty little tree!” But the fir tree remained unhappy.
The tree grew a little bit each year, but even this didn’t make it happy. “Oh! Why can’t I just be tall like all the other trees ” it cried. The tree was so unhappy—it took no pleasure in the warm sunshine, the birds, or the rosy clouds that floated over it morning and evening.
Reading
Years passed, and finally the tree grew very tall. Still, it complained, “Oh, I must keep growing tall and old! Nothing else matters in the world!” The sunshine was tired of hearing the fir tree’s cries. “Don’t wish away your youth,” it said. “Enjoy your bright life in the fresh air—it is worth more than you think!” But the fir tree didn’t listen.
One winter, a few days before Christmas, a woodcutter came and cut the unhappy fir tree down. Two men carried it into a beautiful room. On Christmas Eve, the people in the house decorated the fir tree with colourful paper, stars and candles. “How beautiful the tree is!” everyone cheered. The fir tree was happy now. “What will happen next ” it thought.
The next morning, some people carried the fir tree out of the room and threw it into a dark corner of the attic. Many days and nights went by, but no one came. “Oh no,” thought the tree, “this place is dark and lonely. I wish I were in the forest with the sunshine on my leaves and the birds singing around me. The forest was the perfect home for me. I didn’t realize how happy I was at the time!”
Notes
“The fire tree” is a timeless classic, and has been turned into films and plays. Today, the themes in the story continue to touch readers across the world.
《冷杉树》是丹麦童话作家安徒生创作的童话，首次出版于19世纪40年代。当时的丹麦社会正处于动荡变革期，人们的价值观也受到冲击，很多人陷入对物质和地位的追求中。安徒生正值中年，对人生有了更深刻的感悟，写作风格也从充满浪漫主义幻想和诗情转向对人生的现实主义描绘，《冷杉树》就体现了这一转变。安徒生通过冷杉树的经历，展现了对生命意义和人们追求的思考，讽刺了当时社会上一些人盲目追求虚荣和外在的荣耀，却忽略了当下的幸福和生命的本质。
文化背景
1. Where do the different scenes take place
2. Match the events of the fir tree with the places.
① in the forest
② in a beautiful room
③ in a dark attic
A. was decorated with colourful things
B. was thrown into a dark corner
C. wanted to be tall
D. everyone cheered
E. didn’t listen to the sunshine
F. was cut down by a woodcutter
G. missed life back in the forest
In the forest; in a beautiful room; in a dark attic.
3. How did the tree feel in each place How can you tell
(unhappy)
(happy)
(lonely, regretful)
Level A
Reading
Read the story and complete the table.
Level B
The life of the fir tree
Where
How did the tree feel, and why
in the forest
in the forest
in a beautiful room
in a dark corner of the attic
unhappy;
wanted to be tall
still unhappy;
wanted to be taller
happy; people thought the tree was beautiful
lonely, regretful; wanted to be back in the forest
Reading
Read the story again and pay attention to the different scenes. How did each scene make you feel How did the fir tree feel
Deep in the forest grew a pretty little fir tree. The forest was a perfect home for many plants and animals.
The sun shone, and the tree’s leaves fluttered in the soft air. Some children played and laughed as they passed by.
… it took no pleasure in the warm sunshine, the birds, or the rosy clouds that floated over it morning and evening.
in the forest
the fir tree you
unhappy
in the beautiful room
in the attic
Two men carried it into a beautiful room.
On Christmas Eve, the people in the house decorated the fir tree with colourful paper, stars and candles.
The next morning, some people carried the fir tree out of the room and threw it into a dark corner of the attic.
… this place is dark and lonely.
the fir tree you
happy
the fir tree you
lonely / regretful
Work in groups. Answer the questions below with the information from the fairy tale on page 94.
1. What is the main theme of this fairy tale
2. What can you learn from it
3. The fir tree didn’t appreciate the sunshine and the fresh air at the time. Are there any things that you miss now that you didn’t appreciate at the time
The main theme of the fairy tale is that we should be grateful for what we have. The fir tree didn’t realize how lucky it was in the forest, and it didn’t value its youth until it lost it.
Find the words in the fairy tale and match them with their meanings.
Turn the story into a play and perform it during your school’s English Week.
Act one
Place: the forest
Characters: : the fir tree, other tall trees, children, narrator, ...
Narrator: Deep in the forest grows a pretty little fir tree.
...
Act two
Place: a beautiful room
Characters: the fir tree, children and their family, narrator, ...
Narrator: It’s Christmas Eve, and the fir tree is in a beautiful room.
...
Act three
Place: an attic
Characters: the fir tree, narrator
Narrator: Now, the fir tree lies in a dark corner of the attic.
...
Post-reading
Your ideas
Example:
Narrator: Deep in the forest grows a pretty little fir tree. The forest is a perfect home for many plants and animals, but the little fir tree isn’t happy at all.
The fir tree: (sighing softly, staring at tall trees nearby) Why am I so small I just want to be as tall as those big trees over there. That’s all I care about.
Narrator: The sun shines warmly, and the fir tree’s leaves flutter gently in the soft air. Soon, a group of children run past, laughing and playing.
A child: (excited, pointing at the fir tree) Look! What a pretty little tree!…
What do you know about Hans Christian Andersen Go online or visit the library to find more information about him and his works.
Exploring more
Watch the video about Hans Christian Andersen Museum and answer the following questions.
1. Where is H.C. Andersen’s House
2. What is special about the museum
3. Which of Andersen’s works are mentioned
H.C. Andersen’s House is in Odense, Denmark.
Visitors can interact with the stories in different ways, and become part of Andersen’s world of fairy tales.
“The Little Mermaid”, “The Ugly Duckling”, “The Emperor’s New Clothes”.
4. What message do his fairy tales try to convey
5. Which of Andersen’s fairy tales convey the message “Don’t try to be someone else—discover who you really are and be yourself”
6. How do you understand the message
Don’t try to be someone else—discover who you really are and be yourself.
Hans Christian Andersen Museum
A new museum named H. C. Andersen’s House has opened in Odense, Denmark. The museum was designed by the Japanese architect Kengo Kuma, and it covers an area of 5,600 square metres.
Inside the museum, we can see valuable first editions of Hans Christian Andersen’s works. Visitors can also interact with the stories in different ways, and become part of Andersen’s world of fairy tales.
Andersen was born in Odense, Denmark in 1805. He wrote some of the world’s greatest fairy tales, such as “The Little Mermaid”, “The Ugly Duckling” and “The Emperor’s New Clothes”.
Children’s book writers before Andersen usually tried to teach children how to be good people. Andersen wrote in a very different way. The message in many of his fairy tales is, “Don’t try to be someone else—discover who you really are and be yourself.”
Video script
Phrases
1. 通过;经过（旁边） _____________________ (P94)
2. 把…… 搬进/出…… _____________________ (P94)
3. 砍倒 _____________________ (P94)
4. 厌倦做某事 _____________________ (P94)
5. （时间）流逝;过去 _____________________ (P94)
pass by
carry … into / out of …
cut … down
be tired of doing sth.
go by
Language points
1. Some children played and laughed as they passed by.
一些孩子路过时，边玩边笑。
Many days and nights went by, but no one came.
许多日日夜夜过去了，却没人来。
pass by 意为“ (人) 经过；通过”，后面可以不加宾语，
也可以加宾语。go by 意为“ (时间)流逝；过去”，后
面不加宾语。
即学即练
A lovely bird _______ _______ my window happily. As time
_______ _______, I still remember this warm moment.
一只可爱的小鸟欢快地飞过我的窗前。随着时光流逝，我依
然记得这个温暖的瞬间。
passed by
goes by
2. The tree was so unhappy — it took no pleasure in the warm sunshine, the birds, or the rosy clouds that floated over it morning and evening.
take no pleasure in 意为“对……毫无乐趣”。pleasure意为“乐趣；
乐事”；扩展：pleasant adj. 令人愉快的、舒适的；pleased adj.
感到高兴的(修饰人)；pleasing adj. 令人满意的(修饰物)。
这棵树非常不开心 —— 它对温暖的阳光、小鸟，以及早晚漂浮在它上空
的粉红色云彩，都丝毫感受不到快乐。
即学即练
Ben isn’t __________ because the result isn’t pleasing.
Now he takes no _________ in the _________ weather.
本不高兴，因为结果不令人满意。现在他对这宜人
的天气也毫无乐趣。
pleased
pleasure
pleasant
3. Enjoy your bright life in the fresh air—it is worth more than you think!
享受你在新鲜空气中的美好时光吧 —— 它比你想象的更有价值！
worth 意为“值得的”，常见搭配：worth doing sth. 值得做
某事。
即学即练
Guangzhou is __________ __________ all year round.
广州全年都值得游览。
worth visiting
Practice makes perfect!
I. 根据首字母提示写单词，完成句子。
1. This story is very w______ reading. It teaches us a good
lesson.
2. The r______ sky turns orange when the sun goes down in the evening.
3. On New Year’s E______, we usually watch the fireworks together.4. It’s my great p_______ to help you carry your heavy bag.
5. C_______ is coming soon. We can buy gifts for our family.
6. We should enjoy our y______ and learn new things every day.
orth
osy
ve
leasure
hristma
outh
II.根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
7. 请帮我把这些沉重的书搬进书房。
Please help me ______ these heavy books ______ the study.
8.当我路过公园时，看到了很多可爱的孩子。
When I ______ ______ the park, I saw many lovely children.
9.我们不应该砍倒太多的树。
We shouldn’t ______ too many trees ______.
10.这部精彩的电影非常值得一看。
This wonderful movie is well ______ ______.
11.我厌倦了每天吃同样的早餐。
I am ______ ______ ______ the same breakfast every day.
carry into
passed by
cut down
worth watching
tired of eating
Cross-curricular connection Language 跨学科链接 语言
What do the following words have in common
beef, pork, menu, dessert, art, music, ballet, theatre,
hospital, hotel, government, café
boeuf, porc, menu, dessert, art, musique, ballet,–thé tre,
h pital, h tel, gouvernement, café
—French
Many words in English come from French.
Why
Pre-reading
The history of English
Approximately(大约) 500 BCE The Celts(凯尔特人) In ancient times, people in Britain did not speak English; instead, they probably spoke Celtic languages.
43 CE The Romans(罗马人) Around 2000 years ago, the Romans took over most of Britain. Their language was Latin.
5th century CE The Anglo-Saxons(央格鲁-撒克逊人) After a few hundred years of Roman rule, Anglo-Saxons from northern Europe became the new rulers of the island. Their language became the basis for Old English.
793 The Vikings(维京人) Vikings began attacking the coasts of Britain in the late 8th century. Soon, they created a Viking kingdom across a large part of England. They introduced Norse(古挪威语) words into English.
Reading
1066 The Normans(诺曼人) In 1066, the Normans (people from France) conquered England. They brought with them their version of French.
Middle Ages Middle English Norman French became the language of government, but ordinary people continued to speak Old English. However, the grammar and vocabulary soon changed because of the influence of the Vikings and the Normans. Old English gradually turned into Middle English.
1400–1600 In the late Middle Ages, the language we know today began to appear. During this time, the spelling and pronunciation of many words changed a lot. By the time William Shakespeare wrote his plays, the language looked completely different from Middle English.
1800– With the Industrial Revolution, the British started trading all over the world and made English a global language.
What’s the title of the text
Besides the text itself, what else can you see
The history of English.
A timeline. The different parts (e.g. Old English, Middle English) are marked with different colours.
To show different stages of the historical evolution of English.
Approximately = around this time
BCE = Before the Common Era（公元前）
CE = Common Era（公元）
These different groups of people influenced the development of English.
How did English develop Let’s have a look!
Time Historical events Influence on the language
500 BCE / People in Britain used ______ languages.
43 CE The Romans ________ most of Britain. They brought the ______ language to Britain.
5th century CE Anglo-Saxons from northern Europe became _____________ of the island. Their language became ___________________.
793 Vikings ________ Britain. They soon ______ a kingdom across a large part of England. ___________ became part of English.
Celtic
took over
Latin
the new rulers
the basis of Old English
attacked
created
Norse words
Time Historical events Influence on the language
1066 The Normans _________ England. They brought with them their version of ______.
Middle Ages / _____________ became the language of government. _____________ gradually turned into ______________.
1400–1600 / __________________________ began to appear. Spelling and pronunciation of many words ________ a lot.
1800– ______________ _________ became a global language.
French
conquered
Norman French
Old English
Middle English
The language we know today
The Industrial Revolution
changed
English
Discussion
According to the text, why has the English language changed so much
How did English become a global language
What historical events influenced the development of English
Post-reading
Project 项目
Preparing a speech for English Week
In this project, you will work in groups to prepare and give a two-minute speech for English Week.
Brainstorm:
What do you need to do to finish this project
Step 1 In groups, decide what your speech will be about. Pick one of the topics below, or choose another topic you like.
helping those in need
body language
comics and animation
arts and heritage
saving animals in danger
learning by doing
great technological achievements in China
Hans Christian Andersen and his works
...
Step 2 Each group brainstorms ideas for the topic. Use the questions to help you.
What ideas do you want to present to your classmates
What examples or quotes will you use to support your ideas
What do you want your classmates to learn from your speech
Example Digital life in China
Ideas
Mobile payment: the most common way to pay nowadays
Online shopping: Shopping apps are replacing shops.
Short video apps: one of the most popular forms of entertainment today
Examples
9 out of 10 people in cities pay with phones.
Every day, people in China spend over 10 billion RMB on livestream shopping.
More than 1 billion people in China use short video apps.
Key points
The technology makes everything faster and easier (paying, shopping, etc.).
However, it also causes problems (e.g. some people spend too much time on their phones).
Step 3 Write your speech in groups. Use the outline below to help you.
Introduction
(Introduce yourself and the topic of your speech.)
Body
(Give specific information about several points.)
Conclusion
(End with a short summary.)
Introduction
(Introduce yourself and the topic of your speech.)
Example
Hello everyone! I am David, and today I’d like to talk about digital life in China. In the past 20 years, digital technology has changed people’s lives.
Body
(Give specific information about several points.)
First, people across China use mobile payment. 9 out of 10 people in cities use phones to pay—even street food sellers accept them! We don’t need to carry cash any more.
Second, online shopping has changed how we buy things. Nowadays, we can buy almost anything online, and it’s quick and easy. Last week, my dad bought a fridge during his lunch break — it arrived before dinner!
Third, short video apps have become very popular. More than one billion people use these apps in China, and short videos have become one of the most popular forms of entertainment.
Conclusion
(End with a short summary.)
Digital technology has made our lives more convenient. However, the technology also causes some problems. For example, some people spend too much time on their phones. We should try to use this technology wisely!
Step 4 Choose a member of your group to deliver the speech to the class. Decide on the best speech as a class.
Speech
4
2
1
3
Logical structure
Suitable body language and facial expressions
Rich content
Clear topic
Wits corner 智慧角
For the things we have to learn about before we can do them, we learn by doing them.
—— Aritotle
对于那些必须先学会才能去做的事，我们是通过实践来学习的。
——亚里士多德
(古希腊先哲)
More wits
1. Practice is the best of all instructors.
实践是最好的导师。
2. The wise man who does not put his knowledge into practise
is like a bee that gives no honey.
有智慧却不将知识付诸实践的人，就像不产蜜的蜜蜂。
3. Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember,
involve me and I learn.
告诉我，我会忘记；教我，我可能记住；让我参与，我
才会学会。
4. You don’t learn to walk by following rules. You learn by
doing, and by falling over.
别指望按规矩学走路，多摔几次自然就会了。
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