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【2026春新教材】人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 5 Nature's Temper单元知识梳理
【Useful expressions】
1. hear about 得知;听到关于
2. warn sb of/about sth提醒/警告某人某事/物
3. in time 及时
4. do chores做家务
5. take a train 乘坐火车
6. stay in hotels 待在旅馆
7.take place 发生;举行
8.get flooded 被淹没
9.at the time of ......的时候
10.all of a sudden 突然;猛地
11. slow down 减慢
12.know about 知道;了解
13.get into an accident 发生事故
14. cause sb to do sth导致某人做某事
15.except for 除了......之外
16.wake up 醒来;叫醒
17.by the time 到......时候为止
18.go wrong 出故障;出差错
19. make preparations 做准备
20. as soon as一......就......
21.go off (闹钟)响;离开
22.rain cats and dogs 下大雨
23.on holiday 在假
24.on top of在......上面
25. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
26. return to sp 返回某地
27. security guard 保安人员
28. jump into action 立刻行动
29. the difference between life and death 生死之别
30.sweep through 扫过;掠过
31. avoid doing sth 避免做某事
32. put out 扑灭
33. stay away from 远离......
34. by the end of 到......末为止
35.out of breath 气喘吁吁
36.as aresult 结果
37.a natural disaster 自然灾害
38. strong winds and heavy rain 狂风暴雨
39.weather report 天气预报
40.clean up 打扫干净;清理
41.pay attention to 注意;关注
42.run for safety 跑向安全地带
43.break out 爆发;突然发生
44.in total darkness 一片漆黑
【Target sentences】
1. ---What were you doing when the rainstorm came
---I was reading in the library at that time.
2. Our neighbour warned us about it in time.
3.---What were you doing at the time
---Oh, my family were having dinner when she called.
4.I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden.
5.---What were you doing when it started, Jiaming
---Oh, I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch.
6. Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon
7.We were driving home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started.
8. He was waiting for the bus when it started to rain heavily.
9. While she was cooking, the light went out suddenly.
10.Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
11.He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.
12.People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.
13.This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death.
14.Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.
15.It was very hard to fight the fires becauseof the high temperatures and changeable winds, but the rescue workers to give up.
16.By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires.
17. I got to school out of breath because I ran all the way.
18. Make sure that all the doors are locked before you leave.
19. The teacher advised us to pay attention to the weather report every day.
20. It’s important to stay calm when a natural disaster happens.
21. While my mom was cleaning the room, my dad was fixing the broken chair.
22. By the time I got up, my sister had already left home.
23. As soon as we heard the alarm, we ran for safety right away.
24.The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!
25.I was still worrying about the test when the bus driver said that we would be late.
【Language points】
1.Nature's Temper
lose one's temper(发牌气)
keep one's temper(忍住牌气;不发火)
例: He often loses his temper with his little sister.
例: Try to keep your temper when you are angry.
2. How do natural disasters affect our lives
① affect v.影响，打动; (及物动词);
affect sb/sth(影响/打动某人/某物)
be affected by sth/sb (受......影响/被......打动)
例: Many plants are affected by the cold winter.
②effect影响;效果
have an effect on sb/sth(对菜人/某物有影响)
例: The noise affects my study.
例:The noise has an effect on my study.
3.Our neighbour warned us about it in time.
①warn sb. about sth. （提醒 / 警告某人注意某事）
拓展：warn sb. （not ）to do sth. （警告某人（不要）做某事）
例句：The teacher warned us about the danger of swimming in the river.
② in time （及时，强调 “在关键时刻赶上”，与 on time “按时” 区分）
例句：We arrived at the station in time to catch the train.
4. ---What were you doing when the rainstorm came
---I was reading in the library at that time.
①结构：主语 + was/were + V-ing
否定：was/were not + V-ing；
疑问：Was/Were + 主语 + V-ing
②核心用法：表示
过去某一具体时间 / 某一时间段内正在进行的动作，常搭配 when/while 引导的时间状语从句。
③适用场景：
过去某一时刻正在做某事，突然发生另一件事（when 接短暂性动词，主句用过去进行时）
过去两个动作同时进行（while 接延续性动词，主从句均可用过去进行时）
④例句：
---What were you doing at the time
---Oh, my family were having dinner when she called.
We were driving home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started.
While she was cooking, the light went out suddenly.
5.Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon
have trouble (in) doing sth. （做某事有困难，in 可省略）
拓展：have difficulty (in) doing sth. /have a hard time doing sth.
例句：I had trouble learning English grammar last term.
6.People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea.
① scream and run （并列动词，用 and 连接，均用过去进行时）
②as fast as they could （固定搭配，“尽他们所能快地”，= as fast as possible）
③see sb./sth. doing sth. （看见某人 / 某物正在做某事，强调动作正在进行）
例句：They were laughing and talking as loudly as they could when the teacher came in.
7.Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel.
①decide to do sth. 决定做某事，decide 后接不定式
例句：She decided to visit her grandparents this weekend.
拓展：decision n.决定；make a decision to do sth.
②continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事；
continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事
例句：He continued reading the book. / He continued to watch TV after dinner.
③the rest of …… 的剩余部分，后接名词 / 代词，谓语动词单复数由名词决定
例句：The rest of the water is dirty.
The rest of the students are reading.
8.He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach.
①jump into action 立即行动，固定搭配
②right away 立刻，马上，= at once /immediately）
③rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事；
④get sb. off sp. 让某人离开某地
9.Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives.
①thanks to （多亏；由于，表原因，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词，与 because of 用法一致）
例句：Thanks to his help, I passed the exam.
②be able to （能够，强调 “通过努力具备能力”，与 can 区分：can 表 “天生 / 客观能力”，be able to 可用于各种时态
例句：She was able to swim when she was five.
③over （介词，“超过”，= more than）
10.By the end of August, they managed to put out all the fires.
①by the end of + 时间 （到…… 结束时，后接过去时间，主句用过去完成时；接将来时间，主句用将来完成时）
例句：By the end of last year, we had learned 2000 words.
②manage to do sth. （设法做成某事，强调 “成功完成”，与 try to do sth. “尝试做（未必成功）” 区分）
例句：We managed to finish the work on time.
③put out （扑灭；熄灭，固定短语，宾语为 fire/candle 等）
例句：The firefighters put out the big fire quickly.
It was very hard to fight the fires becauseof the high temperatures and changeable winds
①It is/was + adj. + to do sth. （形式主语结构，本句为一般过去时）
②fight the fires （灭火）
③because of （因为，后接名词 / 短语，与 because“因为，后接句子” 区分）例句：We stayed at home because of the heavy rain. / We stayed at home because it rained heavily.
I got to school out of breath because I ran all the way.
①out of breath （气喘吁吁，固定短语，作状语）
例句：He ran to the classroom and was out of breath.
②get to sp. （到达某地，= arrive at/in sp. /reach sp.）
③all the way （一路上；自始至终）
Make sure that all the doors are locked before you leave.
①make sure （确保；务必，后接 that 从句 / 不定式 to do）
拓展：make sure to do sth. （务必做某事）
例句：Make sure to lock the door when you leave.
②被动语态：are locked （被锁，一般现在时被动语态：be + 过去分词）
The teacher advised us to pay attention to the weather report every day.
①advise sb. to do sth. （建议某人做某事，
区别于 suggest doing）
例句：My doctor advised me to exercise more.
②pay attention to （注意；关注，to 是介词，后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词）
例句：Please pay attention to your spelling.
③weather report 天气预报
report n. & v. 汇报；报道 → reporter n. 记者；报道者
It’s important to stay calm when a natural disaster happens.
①It’s + adj. + to do sth. （形式主语 it，真正主语为不定式，避免句子头重脚轻）
例句：It’s easy to learn English well if you practice hard.
②stay calm （保持冷静，stay 为系动词，后接形容词）
③natural disaster （自然灾害，固定搭配）
As soon as we heard the alarm, we ran for safety right away.
①as soon as （一…… 就……，引导时间状语从句，遵循 “主将从现 / 主过从过” 原则）例句：As soon as he arrives, I will tell him the news.
②run for safety （跑去安全的地方，for 表目的）
The wind was too strong for me to use my umbrella!
too + adj./adv. + for sb. + to do sth. （太…… 而不能做某事，否定含义）
拓展：adj./adv. + enough + to do sth. （足够…… 能做某事，肯定含义）
例句：The box is too heavy for me to carry. / The box is light enough for me to carry.
18.By the time I got up, my sister had already left home.
①过去完成时：
结构:had + 过去分词；
用法:表示 “过去的过去” 发生的动作（先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时）
②by the time + 一般过去时从句，主句用过去完成时
例句：By the time we got to the cinema, the film had already begun.
19.The power went out. My father and I made dinner.
①power n. 电力供应；能量；力量 → powerful adj. 强大的；有力的 → powerfully adv. 强大地；有力地
②go out (火或灯光)熄灭
I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs.
①soundly adv.（睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地
→ sound adj. 健康的；可靠的；v. 听起来；发出声音
②rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨
类似表达还有：
It’s raining heavily / It’s pouring down
【Grammar Focus】
一、语法概述
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。其基本结构为“was/were+动词-ing”。
二、基本结构
1.主语 + was/were + 动词现在分词(doing)
第一人称单数/第三人称单数（I/he/she/it）：用was
第二人称单复数/第一、三人称复数（you/we/they）：用were
2.否定句：was/were + not + doing（wasn’t/weren’t 可缩写）
3.一般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + doing？
答语：Yes, 主语+was/were. / No, 主语+wasn’t/weren’t.
4.特殊疑问句：疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语 + doing？
三、现在分词(doing)变化规则
1. 一般情况直接加-ing：play→playing，read→reading
2. 不发音e结尾，去e加-ing：come→coming，make→making
3. 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅），双写尾字母加-ing：run→running，beat→beating
4. ie结尾，变ie为y加-ing：lie→lying，die→dying
四、核心用法（单元必考，3大场景）
1. 单独使用：表过去具体时刻/时间段正在进行的动作
常配时间状语：at 8 last night, this time yesterday, from 7 to 9 p.m. yesterday
例句：He was reading a book at 9 o’clock last night.
2. 与when连用：延续性动作（过去进行时）+ 短暂性动作（一般过去时）
when引导的从句表“动作发生的瞬间”，动词多为短暂性（come, start, ring, hit等）
例句：We were having dinner when the rainstorm came.
3. 与while连用：2种高频结构
① 短暂性动作（一般过去时）+ 延续性动作（过去进行时）
例句：The light went out while we were watching TV.
② while连接两个过去进行时：表两个动作同时进行（一边…一边…）
例句：My mom was cooking while my dad was washing dishes.

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