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/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
2025-2026学年八年级下册英语期中素养达标培优卷仁爱科普版（新教材）
试卷满分120分，考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：
1．答卷前、考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在指定位置。
2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用黑色签字笔直接答在对应的答题区域内，写在试卷、草稿纸上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将试卷交回。
一、单项选择（共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分）
从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
1．—Are Mr and Mrs Wang living alone in the house
—Yes, ________ of their three sons live with them.
A．neither B．both C．all D．none
2．—Why did the teacher stop their discussion
—Because some words they used were ________. They might hurt others.
A．harmful B．useful C．careful D．helpful
3．—Many kids from ________ countries like reading the book Journey to the West.
—Yeah, they are very ________ about the book.
A．western; exciting B．western; excited C．west; excited D．west; exciting
4．— Why do you like hiking
— Because it helps me ________ my stress and enjoy nature.
A．reduce B．develop C．add D．protect
5．—It’s________ for us to take some water with us.
—You’re right. No water is sold in the mountains.
A．challenging B．unlucky C．necessary D．fashionable
6．We can always find something good in a bad ________ if we look for it.
A．direction B．instruction C．competition D．situation
7．My new house is in a ________ place for it’s near my son’s school. He can walk there by himself.
A．crowded B．quiet C．common D．convenient
8．—I greeted Tom’s grandma, but she didn’t notice.
—Oh, she is ________ and can hear nothing.
A．deaf B．blind C．polite D．rude
9．My younger brother didn’t go to bed ________ my mother came back after the night work.
A．until B．if C．although D．as
10．—Will you go to the park this afternoon
—No, I ________ go there ________ my mum finishes her work.
A．will; until B．won’t; when C．will; when D．won’t; until
二、完形填空（共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分）
One day, my classmate Tina said to me, “Why are you so short ” Her words were 11 a knife, cutting deep into my heart.
Actually, when I was younger, I was about the same height as my friends. But one summer, I noticed they all grew much 12 than me. I thought I was just growing slowly and hoped that I would catch up with them one day. However, I was 13 the shortest two years later. How 14 ! Every time I stood next to someone much taller than me, I felt bad and wanted to run away.
It seemed that my parents 15 my feelings, and they often encouraged me, “Don’t let your height hold you back. You can do anything you want.” Hearing this, I felt I was 16 to have such a loving family. But I still didn’t believe in myself. What was worse, I was afraid that other people would laugh at me. So, to win them over, I started learning to tell jokes and brought 17 to them.
Things changed 18 I read a book about several great people. They were short but 19 great success. I learned it was 20 for everyone to be successful. Success isn’t about his or her 21 , but about whether he or she has a strong heart.
“You are short, but you’re strong. Your height doesn’t 22 who you are.” I said to myself. Then I 23 . I was no longer upset. I started to accept 24 differences from the heart. I don’t 25 my looks anymore; I no longer try to please others. I believe I can achieve something amazing.
11．A．for B．like C．in D．by
12．A．heavier B．smarter C．stronger D．taller
13．A．still B．sometimes C．ever D．already
14．A．boring B．lonely C．amazing D．sad
15．A．wondered B．noticed C．expressed D．hurt
16．A．lucky B．tired C．ill D．scared
17．A．joy B．hope C．peace D．love
18．A．and B．but C．after D．if
19．A．refused B．saw C．expected D．achieved
20．A．important B．difficult C．possible D．common
21．A．looks B．experiences C．actions D．age
22．A．connect B．decide C．accept D．follow
23．A．left B．changed C．hid D．appeared
24．A．her B．your C．my D．his
25．A．think of B．work on C．laugh at D．worry about
三、阅读理解（共两节, 20小题; 每小题2分, 满分40分）
第一节: 阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
Last year, Bob visited Vancouver, Canada, alone. He went there to give a talk on the environment (环境). When it was over, he travelled to the Rocky Mountains and stayed in the Maple Leaf Hotel. He then took a short walk to look at the local plants in the forest. After a few hours, he knew he took the wrong way, but was sure he could get back to the hotel.
However, after walking for several hours the next day, Bob knew he was in trouble. “I had my mobile phone, but the battery (电池) was almost dead. I could probably make just one call. But I didn’t know the number of my hotel and I didn’t want to worry my family if I really didn’t have to,” said Bob. He went on walking for three more days. He knew which plants he could eat and he had little trouble finding them.
On the fourth day, he knew there was no hope and decided to call his family. “He was quite calm when he spoke to me on the phone,” said Shirley, Bob’s wife. “He seemed (似乎) to be in control (操控) of the situation,” Shirley called the Maple Leaf Hotel at once. “That week, lots of visitors went to the city to watch basketball games, and we thought Mr Rigsby went there too,” said the hotel owner. As soon as Shirley phoned, the hotel sent out some people to look for Bob. They found him about one hour later, and luckily, he was quite unhurt.
“I will never go to the forest without a guide. I never want an experience like that again,” said Bob.
26．Bob went to Vancouver to _______.
A．watch football games B．give a talk on travelling
C．watch basketball games D．give a talk on the environment
27．What does the underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A．兴奋的 B．惭愧的 C．已废的 D．充足的
28．Who did Bob call in the end
A．His mother. B．His wife. C．His sister. D．His daughter.
29．What can we learn about Bob from the passage
A．He knew what he could eat in the forest.
B．He stayed in the forest for seven days.
C．He didn’t like travelling with others.
D．He was seriously hurt in the forest.
30．Which is the best title for the passage
A．Travelling in the mountains B．An early call
C．An enjoyable experience D．Lost in the forest
B
A Smart Way to Save
Tom is a 14-year-old boy. He loves playing basketball and his dream is to buy a pair of Kobe's basketball shoes. They cost 800 yuan. Tom gets 100 yuan pocket money every month from his parents. He usually spends most of it on snacks and drinks. So he never has enough money for the shoes.
One day, his friend Lisa told him about her saving plan. Lisa saved 400 yuan in three months by making a plan. Tom thought, “If she can do it, I can do it too!”
Tom started his plan in July. First, he decided to save 40 yuan every week. He put the money in a piggy bank. Second, he stopped buying snacks and drinks at school. He brought water from home. It was hard at first, but he stuck to it. Third, he found ways to earn extra money. He helped his uncle wash his car every weekend and got 30 yuan each time. He also sold some old toys and books. He got 60 yuan from them.
By the end of August, Tom counted his money. He had 480 yuan from saving and 180 yuan from working and selling. He still needed 140 yuan. But he was not worried. He knew he could get more pocket money in September. His mother was proud of him. She said, “You learned to be responsible and patient.”
Tom smiled. He knew that saving money was not just about buying shoes. It was about learning to achieve his goals step by step.
31．What is Tom’s dream
A．To play basketball well. B．To become a basketball player.
C．To save 800 yuan in two months. D．To buy a pair of basketball shoes.
32．How much pocket money does Tom get every month
A．40 yuan. B．80 yuan. C．100 yuan. D．120 yuan.
33．Who inspired Tom to make a saving plan
A．His uncle. B．His mother. C．His teacher. D．His friend Lisa.
34．How did Tom earn extra money
A．By working in a store on weekends.
B．By asking his parents for more money.
C．By helping his classmates with homework.
D．By doing housework and selling old things.
35．What did Tom learn from his saving plan
A．Saving money is easy for everyone.
B．He should ask parents for more money.
C．He doesn’t need to save money anymore.
D．Saving money is not just about buying things.
C
①There was a famous artist named Wen Tong during the Song Dynasty (朝代). He was famous for his paintings of bamboo (竹子). No one else in all of China could draw bamboo like Wen Tong could.
②Why was he so good at drawing bamboo Well, he loved bamboo! He planted only bamboo in his garden. He even had a few bamboos inside his house.
③He didn’t just grow bamboo. He also studied bamboo to see how it moved and how it grew in different weather.
④One day in spring, a storm (暴风雨) moved into the village. Everyone ran home to get inside. But Wen Tong ran outside to his bamboo garden. He wanted to see what water on bamboo leaves looked like.
⑤One hot day in summer, most people were inside their homes, trying to stay cool. But Wen Tong was outside in his bamboo garden. He wanted to see the bamboo clearly in the strong sunlight.
⑥One day in fall, it was so windy that some people fell over when they walked outside. But Wen Tong went outside to his bamboo garden. He wanted to see the bamboo leaves swaying in the wind.
⑦One day in winter, it started to snow. All the other villagers were inside their homes, staying warm. But of course, Wen Tong was outside in his bamboo garden. He wanted to see the snow on the bamboo.
⑧After many days just like these, he knew what bamboo looked like in all seasons, in all weather, and at all ages.
⑨So when it was time to paint, he remembered everything he had seen. One of his friends said, “When Wen Tong draws bamboo, he has its image (形象) in his mind.”
36．What was Wen Tong famous for
A．Moving bamboo. B．Watching bamboo.
C．Growing bamboo. D．Painting bamboo.
37．When did Wen Tong study bamboo
A．In spring and summer. B．In summer and autumn.
C．In autumn and winter. D．In all seasons.
38．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “swaying”
A．漫舞 B．震动 C．摆动 D．颤抖
39．Which of the following shows the structure of the text
A．①-②③-④⑤⑥⑦-⑧⑨ B．①②-③④⑤-⑥⑦-⑧⑨
C．①-②③④⑤⑥-⑦⑧⑨ D．①②③-④⑤⑥-⑦⑧⑨
40．Which of the following can sum up (总结) the text
A．竹报平安 B．胸有成竹 C．竹林七贤 D．势如破竹
第二节: 阅读下面短文, 从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项, 使短文通顺连贯, 其中有两项是多余选项。
One weekend, I went to visit my grandparents in the countryside. 41 Several days later, when I woke up at the hospital, I realized I had to spend the rest of my life without arms. 42 Even then, I was full of fears. But slowly, I knew I had to face the fact and get over it. I couldn’t get my arms back, even though I cried every day.
However, it’s easier said than done. 43 I learned a lot from my past experience. From then on, I could treat my life with a normal mind. But in our daily life, I often see my classmates get worried about little things: 44 their bus comes late; they don’t have a mobile phone, but others have. But I only enjoy life. I was lucky to realize from an accident: It’s a waste of our lives to focus on what you have lost. We should always think of what we have. So why are so many people unhappy Someone may say, “My whole life would improve if I had a new car.” But when you get the car, and then what happens For a whole week, you are walking on air. Then you go right back to being unhappy.
45 It’s a state of mind, even though you own the whole world, you may still feel unhappy. Happiness comes from mastering the art of appreciating (感激) and taking pleasure in what you really have.
A．Happiness depends on what we have in our heart.
B．They get a bad grade on a test;
C．How sad I felt at that time!
D．On my way home, a car ran me over and cut off my arms because of its high speed.
E．Maybe it was just a joke for me.
F．It took me nearly half a year to get out of the sadness completely.
G．Happiness is everywhere around us!
四、词汇运用（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，请将答案写在答题卡上指定的位置。
Judy likes climbing and she is used to 46 (take) risks. But she got into trouble when she was climbing a mountain with some people last time.
At first, she felt a little pain in her throat. She thought she only had a cold. Then she had a stomachache and a sore back. Later, she 47 (cough) badly and had a headache and a toothache, too. She could hardly breathe, and then she fell off a 4-meter-high rock onto the ground. She hurt her knee, neck and foot. She lost too much 48 (bleed). She felt really sick and she almost lost her left leg. She was in a 49 (danger) situation, and almost everyone on the climbing team thought she would give up. But 50 their surprise, she made a big decision—she cut off the bandage, put it around her knee and pressed it hard, and then kept on 51 (climb) at once.
52 she said that she was OK, her teammates still sent her to hospital to get 53 X-ray. A nurse took her temperature. She was having a high fever. The doctor asked her to lie down and take a break for a few days.
“After the accident, I know the 54 (important) of never giving up being a climber. I finally understand that we should show much spirit when we face danger or trouble,” Judy said. No matter what happens, we should learn how 55 (control) our life.
五、选词填空（共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
coin of direct shell borrow trade business sheep but type
Have you been to a money museum What 56 of money do you know You may say 57 and banknotes. But do you know that in ancient times, many things were used as forms 58 money
At first, people traded goods 59 . They used natural products such as shells and feathers, and animals like hens and 60 . On a small island in Micronesia, people used stones as money. 61 money was first used in ancient China.
With the development of our society, people began to use goods like salt, grains (谷物) and cloth (布) to 62 . Can you guess what kind of money you can eat Yes, it’s cheese! In northern Italy, people would use their cheese as security (抵押品) when they 63 money from a bank. Later, to make doing 64 easier, people began to use metal as money. Gold was a major one. In ancient China, gold was not only wealth (财富) 65 also a symbol of power.
六、阅读表达（共 5 小题; 每小题 2分, 满分10分）
Active learning includes many kinds of educational activities that encourage students to learn something new instead of just listening to, reading and memorizing (熟记) what they have pared with traditional learning, active learning helps students develop their own learning abilities and have a deeper understanding of their knowledge.
A survey shows that students who use active learning can learn more easily and get higher scores. So it’s necessary for students to use active learning. Here are some tips.
First, express yourself actively. Second, think deeply. Ask open-ended questions about the books as you read or study to push yourself to think deeply. Third, form good learning habits. A good learning habit can help you spend less time finishing your tasks. At last, develop the ability to learn by yourself. Before learning from teachers or talking with friends, you’d better have your own ideas.
66．Which learning method helps students develop their own learning abilities
67．What does the survey in Paragraph 2 show
68．Why is it important for us to have a good learning habit
69．What should we do before learning from teachers according to the text
70．How can we practice “thinking deeply” （答案须与文中例句不同）
七、书面表达（共1小题; 满分25分）
71．奋斗的道路不会一帆风顺。我们每个人在生活和学习上都会遇到这样那样的困境。你遇到困难时是怎样解决的呢？请以“How to get over difficulty”为题写一篇英语短文，讲述你的一次经历和感悟。
内容包括：
(1) What kind of difficulty did you meet
(2) How did you get over it
(3) Your feeling about it.
注意：
(1) 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数；
(2) 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
(3) 文中不能出现真实姓名及学校名称。
提示词：confidence (自信n.) courage (勇气n.)
How to get over difficulty
In our daily life, we often meet with different kinds of difficulties.
/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
/ 让学习更有效 期中培优卷 | 英语学科
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参考答案及试题解析
1．D
【解析】句意：——王先生和王太太独自住在这所房子里吗？——是的，他们的三个儿子都不和他们住在一起。
neither两者都不；both两者都；all三者或三者以上都；none三者或三者以上都不。根据“Yes”可知，王先生和王太太独自居住，他们的三个儿子都不和他们一起住，且三个儿子是三者以上，所以用none。
2．A
【解析】句意：——老师为什么停止了他们的讨论？——因为他们使用的一些词语是有害的。它们可能会伤害别人。
harmful有害的；useful有用的；careful小心的；helpful有帮助的。根据“They might hurt others.”可知词语可能会伤害别人，推测出这些词语是有害的。
3．B
【解析】句意：——许多来自西方国家的孩子喜欢读《西游记》这本书。——是的，他们对这本书感到非常兴奋。
western西方的，形容词；west西方，名词；exciting令人兴奋的，修饰物；excited兴奋的，修饰人。第一空修饰名词“countries”，应该用形容词western；第二空修饰人“they”，表示“感到兴奋的”，应该用excited。
4．A
【解析】句意：——你为什么喜欢徒步？——因为它帮助我减轻压力并享受大自然。
reduce减少；develop发展；add增加；protect保护。根据“my stress”和“enjoy nature”可知，徒步可以帮助“减轻”压力，reduce符合语境。
5．C
【解析】句意：——对我们来说带一些水是必要的。——你是对的。山里不卖水。
challenging有挑战性的；unlucky不幸的；necessary必要的；fashionable时尚的。根据答语“No water is sold in the mountains.”可知山里买不到水，推测出带水是必要的，应填necessary。
6．D
【解析】句意：如果我们去寻找，我们总能在糟糕的境况中发现一些好的东西。
direction方向；instruction指示；competition竞赛；situation境况、情况。根据“find something good in a bad...”可知，此处表示在糟糕的“境况”中发现好的东西，应填situation。
7．D
【解析】句意：我的新房子在一个方便的地方，因为它离我儿子的学校很近。他可以自己步行去那里。
crowded拥挤的；quiet安静的；common普通的；convenient方便的。根据后句“it’s near my son’s school. He can walk there by himself.”可知，孩子能自己步行上学，说明这个地方很“方便”，应填convenient。
8．A
【解析】句意：——我跟汤姆的奶奶打招呼，可她没注意到。——哦，她耳聋，什么也听不见。
deaf聋的；blind盲的，失明的；polite有礼貌的；rude粗鲁的。根据“can hear nothing”可知，汤姆的奶奶耳朵聋，听不见。故填deaf。
9．A
【解析】句意：我弟弟直到妈妈夜班回来后才去睡觉。
until直到；if如果；although虽然；as当……时。根据句中“didn’t go to bed”是否定形式，结合语境可知考查固定搭配not...until...，意为“直到……才……”。
10．D
【解析】句意：——今天下午你会去公园吗？——不，直到我妈妈完成工作我才会去那里。
根据“No, I…go there…my mum finishes her work.”可知，我不会去公园，直到妈妈完成工作才去，not…until…是固定结构，表示“直到……才……”，此处需用否定形式won’t。
11．B 12．D 13．A 14．D 15．B 16．A 17．A 18．C 19．D 20．C 21．A 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者因身材矮小而自卑，但在家人的鼓励和伟人故事的启发下，最终学会接纳自我、重获自信的成长历程。
11．句意：她的话像一把刀，深深刺痛了我的心。
根据后文“…a knife, cutting deep into my heart.”可知，此处是将同学的话比作利刃，需用介词表示“像……一样”。应选like“像”。
12．句意：但有一年夏天，我发现他们都长得比我高得多。
根据前句“Why are you so short ”以及空后的“than me”可知，此处是在进行身高的对比，需用形容词比较级。应选taller“更高的”。
13．句意：然而，两年后我仍然是最矮的。
根据前文“hoped that I would catch up with them one day”可知，作者本希望长高，但两年过去了情况并无改变，此处强调状态的持续。应选still“仍然”。
14．句意：多么令人难过啊！
根据后文“I felt bad and wanted to run away.”可知，作者因为身高的差距感到非常难过。应选sad“悲伤的”。amazing“了不起的”与作者负面的情感色彩不符。
15．句意：父母似乎察觉到了我的感受，他们常常鼓励我：“别让身高阻碍你，你可以做任何你想做的事。”
根据后文“they often encouraged me”可知，父母因为注意到了作者的低落才给予鼓励。应选noticed“注意到”。wondered“想知道”侧重主观疑惑，不合语境。
16．句意：听到这些话，我觉得自己很幸运，有这样一个充满爱的家庭。
根据前文父母对作者的鼓励和爱，以及“to have such a loving family”可知，作者因家人的支持而感到庆幸。应选lucky“幸运的”。
17．句意：所以，为了赢得他们的好感，我开始学讲笑话，给他们带来快乐。
根据前句“I started learning to tell jokes”可知，讲笑话的目的是为了带给他人快乐。应选joy“欢乐”。
18．句意：在我读了一本关于几位伟人的书之后，事情发生了变化。
根据后文作者从书中受到启发可知，读完书是“事情发生变化”的时间起点。应选after“在……以后”。
19．句意：他们个子不高，却取得了巨大的成功。
根据空后的“great success”可知，此处表示“取得/获得成功”。应选achieved“取得”。saw“看到”不能直接修饰success。
20．句意：我明白了，每个人都有成功的可能。
根据前文提到的伟人故事“They were short but…great success.”可知，作者意识到身材矮小的人同样可以成功。应选possible“可能的”。
21．句意：成功和他或她的外貌无关，而在于他或她是否拥有一颗强大的内心。
根据后文“…but about whether he or she has a strong heart.”以及作者对自己外表的纠结可知，此处是在对比内在与外在。应选looks“长相，外表”。
22．句意：“你个子矮，但你很强大。你的身高不能决定你是谁。” 我对自己说。
根据后文“I was no longer upset.”可知，作者明白了外在条件不能主宰本质。应选decide“决定”。
23．句意：然后我改变了。
根据下文“I was no longer upset. I started to accept my differences...”可知，作者的心态发生了根本转变。应选changed“改变”。
24．句意：我开始从内心接受我的不同。
全文以第一人称叙述，此处指作者接受“自己的”不同。应选用形容词性物主代词my“我的”。
25．句意：我不再担心我的外貌了，也不再刻意讨好别人。
根据后文“I no longer try to please others.”可知，作者不再受困于对他人的看法或自己的外表。应选用worry about“担心”。
26．D 27．C 28．B 29．A 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Bob在加拿大森林迷路后，依靠自身知识坚持数日，最终联系家人获救的经历。
26．第一段提到“He went there to give a talk on the environment.”，说明Bob去温哥华是为了做一场关于环境的演讲。
27．第二段提到“I had my mobile phone, but the battery was almost dead.”，结合语境只能打一个电话，可知“dead”意为 “已废的，没电的”。
28．第三段提到“he knew there was no hope and decided to call his family”以及“Shirley, Bob’s wife”，说明Bob最后打给了他的妻子。
29．第二段提到“He knew which plants he could eat and he had little trouble finding them.”，可知Bob知道在森林里哪些植物可以吃。
30．全文围绕Bob在森林中迷路、自救以及最终获救的经历展开，最能概括文章主要内容的标题是“在森林里迷路了”。
31．D 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了14岁的男孩汤姆为了实现购买科比篮球鞋的梦想，通过制定储蓄计划、减少零食饮料开支、寻找额外赚钱途径等方式，逐步积累资金，并从中领悟到储蓄的意义不仅在于购买物品，更在于学会逐步实现目标的过程。
31．根据第一段中的“He loves playing basketball and his dream is to buy a pair of Kobe's basketball shoes”可知，汤姆的梦想是买一双科比篮球鞋。
32．根据第一段中的“Tom gets 100 yuan pocket money every month from his parents”可知，汤姆每个月从父母那里得到100元零花钱。
33．根据第二段中的“One day, his friend Lisa told him about her saving plan. Lisa saved 400 yuan in three months by making a plan. Tom thought, ‘If she can do it, I can do it too!’”可知，汤姆的朋友丽莎通过制订计划在三个月内节省了400元，这激发了汤姆制定储蓄计划的想法。
34．根据第三段中的“He helped his uncle wash his car every weekend and got 30 yuan each time. He also sold some old toys and books. He got 60 yuan from them”可知，汤姆通过帮叔叔洗车和卖旧玩具、旧书来赚取额外的钱。
35．根据最后一段中的“Tom smiled. He knew that saving money was not just about buying shoes. It was about learning to achieve his goals step by step”可知，汤姆从他的储蓄计划中学到，储蓄不仅仅是为了购买东西，而是学会逐步实现自己的目标，因此选项D正确。
36．D 37．D 38．C 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了宋代画家文同擅长画竹的原因，以及他常年认真观察竹子的故事。
36．文章第一段第二句“He was famous for his paintings of bamboo.”指出，文同以画竹子闻名。
37．文章第八段“After many days just like these, he knew what bamboo looked like in all seasons, in all weather, and at all ages.”指出，文同在所有季节都观察研究竹子。
38．文章第六段“One day in fall, it was so windy... He wanted to see the bamboo leaves swaying in the wind.”指出，风吹过竹叶会摆动，swaying意为“摆动”。
39．文章①段总起介绍文同擅长画竹；②③段说明他喜欢并用心观察竹子；④⑤⑥⑦段分别讲述他四季观察竹子的事例；⑧⑨段总结他画竹出色的原因。
40．文章讲述文同长期观察竹子，作画时心中已有竹子的形象，对应成语“胸有成竹”，因此本文的核心是体现“胸有成竹”的内涵。
41．D 42．C 43．F 44．B 45．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己因车祸失去双臂的经历，以及从痛苦中走出、学会珍惜拥有的生活感悟。
41．根据下文“Several days later, when I woke up at the hospital, I realized I had to spend the rest of my life without arms.”可知，上文应描述导致失去双臂的事故，因此D项“On my way home a car ran me over and cut off my arms because of its high speed.”符合，交代事故经过。
42．根据上文失去双臂的事实，此处应表达作者当时的心情，因此C项“How sad I felt at that time!”符合，表达悲伤情绪。
43．根据上文“it’s easier said than done”和下文“I learned a lot from my past experience.”可知，中间应描述走出悲伤所用的时间，因此F项“It took me nearly half a year to get out of the sadness completely.”符合。
44．根据下文举例“their bus comes late; they don’t have a mobile phone but others have.”可知，此处应列举同学们为小事烦恼的例子，因此B项“They get a bad grade on a test;”符合，与前文并列。
45．根据下文“It’s a state of mind...”可知，此处应点明幸福的真谛在于内心，因此A项“Happiness depends on what we have in our heart.”符合，与下文观点一致。
46．taking 47．coughed 48．blood 49．dangerous 50．to 51．climbing 52．Although 53．an 54．importance 55．to control
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述喜欢爬山、冒险的Judy在一次爬山中的经历。她在中途感到身体不舒服导致从一块大石上摔落、受伤，但她坚持不离队继续攀爬。得到救护的她觉得不管发生什么，都应该学会如何掌控自己的生活。
46．句意：朱迪喜欢爬山，她习惯冒险。take risks意为“冒险”，是固定短语，be used to doing sth.意为“习惯做某事”，此处用take的动名词形式taking。
47．句意：后来，她咳嗽得厉害，头痛和牙痛。cough意为“咳嗽”，是动词，and是并列连词，前后动作是相承的关系，根据and并列成分时态要一致的原则，可知此处用其过去式coughed。
48．句意：她失血过多。bleed意为“流血”，是动词，too much修饰不可数名词，此处应用其名词形式blood，是不可数名词。
49．句意：她处于危险境地，登山队几乎每个人都认为她会放弃。danger意为“危险”，是名词，空后的“situation”是名词，形容词修饰名词，danger的形容词形式是dangerous。
50．句意：但令他们惊讶的是，她做出了一个重大决定——她剪掉绷带，把它绑在膝盖上，用力按压，然后立刻继续攀爬。此处考查固定短语to one’s surprise，意为“令某人惊讶的是”。
51．句意：但令他们惊讶的是，她做出了一个重大决定——她剪掉绷带，把它绑在膝盖上，用力按压，然后立刻继续攀爬。climb意为“攀爬”，是动词，keep on doing sth.是固定短语，意为“继续做某事”，因此，此处用其动名词形式climbing。
52．句意：虽然她说自己没事，但队友们还是把她送到医院拍了一张X光片。根据句意，此处是Although引导的让步状语从句，句首单词的首字母要大写。
53．句意：虽然她说自己没事，但队友们还是把她送到医院拍了一张X光片。X-ray意为“X光片”，是可数名词单数，其前要加冠词，X-ray的第一个音素是元音音素，用不定冠词an。
54．句意：事故发生后，我知道永不放弃作为一名登山者的重要性。important意为“重要的”，是形容词，定冠词the修饰名词，此处用其名词形式importance，意为“重要性”。the importance of…意为“……的重要性”，是固定短语。
55．句意：无论发生什么，我们都应该学会如何控制我们的生活。control意为“控制”，是动词，此处考查“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。
56．type 57．coins 58．of 59．directly 60．sheep 61．Shell 62．trade 63．borrowed 64．business 65．but
【导语】本文简要介绍了货币的演变历史，从古代的贝壳、谷物、石头等实物货币，发展到现代的金属货币与纸币，阐述了不同时期货币形式的变化及其社会意义。
56．句意：你知道哪些种类的货币？根据“banknotes”可知是对货币种类的回答，对应使用What type of…来提问货币类型。
57．句意：你可能会说硬币和纸币。根据“and banknotes”可知空格处应填与纸币并列的货币形式，coin“硬币”符合常识，且需用复数形式coins，表示泛指一类事物。
58．句意：但你知道在古代，许多东西都被用作货币形式吗？此处使用搭配forms of money，意为“货币的形式”。
59．句意：起初，人们直接进行商品交易。后文提到古代早期交易使用天然产物和动物，这是一种直接的物物交换，此处需要副词修饰动词traded，填入direct的副词形式directly“直接地”。
60．句意：他们使用贝壳、羽毛等天然产物，以及鸡和羊等动物作为货币。根据“animals like hens and ”说明填入一种动物，sheep“羊”是动物，且单复数同形。
61．句意：贝壳货币最早是在中国古代被使用的。前文提到密克罗尼西亚用石头做货币，此处表示什么类型的货币是中国最早开始使用的，对应的是贝壳Shell货币，句首首字母大写。
62．句意：随着社会的发展，人们开始用盐、谷物和布等商品来进行交易。人们使用商品代替实物交换的目的是进行交易trade，此处结构为不定式，使用动词原形即可。
63．句意：在意大利北部，人们从银行借钱时，会用奶酪作为担保。此处使用搭配borrow sth. from…，意为“从……借某物”，此处borrow money from a bank是指从银行借钱；故事叙述的是过去的事情，使用一般过去时，填入borrow的过去式borrowed。
64．句意：后来，为了让交易更便捷，人们开始使用金属作为货币。此处使用搭配doing business，意为“做生意/进行交易”，在此处表达“为了让交易更便捷”。
65．句意：在中国古代，黄金不仅是财富，也是权力的象征。此处使用连词not only…but also…，意为“不仅……而且……”，用于连接并列成分。
66．Active learning. 67．Students who use active learning can learn more easily and get higher scores. 68．Because a good learning habit can help us spend less time finishing our tasks. 69．We should have our own ideas. 70．We can discuss difficult problems with classmates to think deeply.（答案不唯一，合理即可）
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了主动学习的定义、优势及培养主动学习的四条建议，强调主动学习对提升学习能力的重要性。
66．第一段提到“Compared with traditional learning, active learning helps students develop their own learning abilities and have a deeper understanding of their knowledge.”，这直接说明主动学习能帮助学生培养自主学习能力。
67．第二段提到“A survey shows that students who use active learning can learn more easily and get higher scores.”，这直接说明了调查的结果。
68．最后一段提到“A good learning habit can help you spend less time finishing your tasks.”，这直接说明了养成良好学习习惯的重要性。
69．最后一段提到“Before learning from teachers or talking with friends, you’d better have your own ideas.”，这直接说明了向老师学习前应做的准备。
70．文中提到的方法是“Ask open-ended questions about the books as you read or study to push yourself to think deeply”，需给出不同的合理方式，例如和同学讨论难题、梳理知识框架等。
71．例文
How to get over difficulty
In our daily life, we often meet with different kinds of difficulties. But how can we get over them Here is one of my experiences.
When I was in Grade 7, I didn’t do well in my lessons first. Exams always brought me endless sadness. As a result, I was afraid of studying and I became very lonely. I turned to my teachers for help. They gave me some useful advice. They told me not to give up because nothing is impossible for a willing heart. I was moved and worked harder than before. Finally, I succeeded.
Now I understand that I should learn to get over difficulty by myself with confidence and hard work.
【解析】写作步骤
[第一步：审题立意]
确定文体：记叙文，用一般现在时和一般过去时
明确要点：遇到的困难、如何克服困难及感受
确定人称：第一人称（I）
注意事项：不能出现真实姓名及学校名称
[第二步：构思布局]
三段式结构：
开头段：承接开头，引出下文克服困难的经历
主体段：具体介绍自己遇到的困难及如何克服困难
结尾段：表达自己的感受
[第三步：要点展开]
要点一：遇到的困难
困难描述：didn’t do well in my lessons first/was afraid of studying/I became very lonely/was afraid of speaking English in public/even failed my oral test等
要点二：克服方法
方法描述：turned to my teachers for help/worked harder than before/read aloud for 15 minutes each morning/asked my classmates to listen to my speeches等
要点三：表达感受
感受描述：learn to get over difficulty by myself with confidence and hard work/difficulties are not terrible/face them bravely and keep trying等
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