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Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
　　　(语法项目——复习状语从句)
语境中体悟
①Although the benefits of regular exercise are well documented，there's a new bonus to add to the ever－growing list.New research found that middle－aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (痴呆症) in later life and ②if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.A researcher told the reporter, “These findings are exciting ③because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test ④until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.
[语法入门]
句①Although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；
句②if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；
句③because引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”；
句④until引导时间状语从句，意为“直到……为止”。
学案中理清
一、时间状语从句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．when、 while和as引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义 用法
when 当……时候 可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
while 当……时候 只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比
as 一边……一边……；随着 常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
2.表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句
(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如the moment、 the minute、 the second、 the instant、 immediately、 directly、 instantly等；另外，as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
(2)在hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时；当hardly、 scarcely或no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
3．till、 until和not ...until/till的用法
until、 till两者均表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止；not ...until/till ...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可放在句首，而till不可放在句首，且till一般不用于强调句型。
4．before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还没来得及…… 就……；……才……；趁着…… It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before ...“(没有)过……(时间)就……”； It was not/won't be long before ...“不久就……”； It was＋时间段＋before ...“过了……(时间)才……”
since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...(从句用一般过去时)
5.其他引导时间状语从句的常见名词短语
every/each time　　　　　　每次
any time 任何时候
next time 下次
all the time (在某段时间内)一直
the first/last time 第一次/最后一次
the day/year ... 那天/年……
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
②I wiped the tears on his cheeks, promising to keep him company __________ the end of the competition.
③The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times __________ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
④______________________________， I will be free for almost three months.
随着暑假临近，我将有大约三个月的空闲时间。
⑤________________________________________________________________，
they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。
二、条件状语从句----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有：
if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设)等。
2．only if和if only的区别
only if意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装；if only意为“但愿；要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，从句谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion __________ he wants their support.
②The sales of houses in our city fell by 40 percent last month, and it will be 48 percent __________ we don't count low－price houses provided for poor residents.
③Life doesn't count for much __________ you're willing to do your small part to leave our children a better world.
④________________________________________________________________， please email me.
如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。
⑤______________________________， we'll be able to get over any difficulty.
只要我们有顽强的意志，就能够克服任何困难。
三、让步状语从句---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．although、 though、 as与while引导的让步状语从句
(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)although与though都可以与yet、 still、 nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
(3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。
3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋－ever”引导的让步状语从句
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋－ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。
(2)whoever、 whatever、 whomever和whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4．whether ...or (not) ...引导的让步状语从句
whether ...or ...表示“不论是……还是……”，表示两种对比情况。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①______________________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.
②A pair of red shoes — __________ they are for sports, dances or just fashion — is a must－have for every Chinese woman's shoe collection.
③__________ the Internet has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
④____________________， I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。
⑤We still have a long way to go ________________________________________ so far.
即使到目前为止我们的项目进行得很顺利，但我们仍然还有很长的一段路要走。
⑥______________________________， we feel close to each other.
无论我们相距多远，都感觉近在咫尺。
四、地点和原因状语从句------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．地点状语从句
地点状语从句可用where、 wherever、 anywhere、 everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
|名|师|点|津|　where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可替换成“介词＋which”；而状语从句前则无先行词。
2．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
because　　　　　　　　 因为
as 由于
since 既然
now that 既然
seeing that 由于；鉴于
in that 由于；在于
considering (that) 考虑到；鉴于
(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。
(2)since和now that表示已知的理由或稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。
(3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply __________ they are incapable of succeeding.
②Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi __________ the bus had dropped her.
③The book is different from that book __________ that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.
④____________________， you should learn to be independent of your parents.
既然你已找到了一份工作，你就应该学会独立不依靠父母。
⑤We must camp ____________________.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
五、目的和结果状语从句------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．目的状语从句
(1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句：
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/might/would＋动词原形”。in order that比so that正式，其引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
(2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句：
for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。
2．结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：
so that　　　　　　　 以至于
so ...that ... 如此……以至于……
such ...that ... 如此……以至于……
so ...that ...与such ...that ...引导结果状语从句的结构形式为：
　|名|师|点|津|
(1)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(2)除结果状语从句外，too ...to ...、 ...enough to ...、 so ...as to ...、 such ...as to ...等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①On our way to the house, it was raining __________ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②Such an honest person is he __________ you can turn to him when you are in trouble.
③Well－educated employees can undertake most common jobs easily, __________ the efficiency of the society is guaranteed.
④We should protect our environment from being polluted so __________ our next generation will enjoy a blue sky and live a healthy life.
⑤It was ____________________ we all enjoyed ourselves very much.(such ...that ...)
这是一次如此激动人心的活动，我们都玩得非常愉快。
⑥I'll speak slowly ________________________________________ what I said.
我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。
六、方式和比较状语从句--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：
as正如；按照　 　as if/as though似乎；好像
as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述语气。
2．比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as ...as、 not as/so ...as及“比较级＋than”引导。
|名|师|点|津|　what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as __________ he had done something very clever.
②Look at the clouds! ______________ it is going to rain.
看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。
③Air is to us ____________________.
空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。
④The old lady treats the man ____________________________________.
那个老太太对待那个男士就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
应用中融通
Ⅰ.选词填空
because, unless, in order that, as if, even though, since
1．She stood at the door ______________ she was waiting for someone.
2．American English has so many dialects ______________ people have come from all over the world.
3．We have been to the factory twice ____________ it was set up in 1992.
4．We will have a picnic tomorrow __________ it rains or it's very cold.
5．______________ I have many delicate feelings to share, who can I speak to
6．The teacher underlined the words __________ the students might pay special attention to them.
Ⅱ.用适当的连词完成下面语篇
①__________ I put forward the suggestion that he go to work in the countryside, Li Ming promised to take it into account, just ②__________ he graduated from an agricultural university.Of course, it means living in the countryside for at least three years or more ③__________ he returns to the city.Li Ming studied hard at university.④__________ he had time, he would go to the library to search for more information.I want him to work in the countryside ⑤__________ he can help rid people there of hunger by expanding the output of crop.⑥__________ there may be little entertainment in the faraway area, I advise him to take his guitar with him ⑦__________ he can entertain himself sometimes.I also advise him to be modest ⑧__________ he is working with the farmers ⑨__________ he has more scientific knowledge than they do.⑩__________ he hasn't made any answer so far, I think he will follow my advice.
1．Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to working for the good of their country and people.
每一代人中都有一些人愿意承担沉重的责任，为了国家和人民的利益而奉献自己努力工作。
★burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担
|用|法|感|知|
·Only when we put down those unnecessary burdens can we go all the way.
只有放下那些无谓的负担，我们才能一路前行。
·There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take on/bear the burden.
尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。
[归纳点拨]
(1)a burden on/to ...　 是……的负担
bear/take on/reduce/share the burden 承受/担负/减少/分担重担
(2)burden sb./oneself with sth. 装载某物；使某人负担某事
be burdened with ... 负重；为……所累
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①I don't want to become a burden __________ my parents.
②Nowadays students ______________ (burden) with heavy homework.
③He took a part－time job in summer holiday to burden himself __________ his school fees.
(2)句式升级
④He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语)
→________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.最终他辞去了在英国的职务，回国后在长春吉林大学工作。
★resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去
|用|法|感|知|
·He resigned from this company in order to take a more challenging job.他从这家公司辞职，目的是想找一份更具有挑战性的工作。
·We should never resign ourselves to being defeated.我们应该永远不甘心被打败。
[归纳点拨]
resign one's post/position　 辞去职务
resign from ... 从……辞职
resign as ... 辞去作为……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign ...to ... 把……委托给……
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Mary resigned her pet dog __________ her neighbour while travelling abroad.
②I think you should resign __________ that stressful job — it's not worth your mental health.
(2)完成句子
③In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to ________________________________________________________________.
为了照顾她生病的母亲，我的朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。
④The team refused to ____________________.
该队不甘失败。
3．I was so ashamed of myself.
我为自己感到如此羞愧。
★ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
|用|法|感|知|
·(“心理描写”佳句)I felt so ashamed that I could feel my face burning.
我感到非常羞愧，觉得脸上滚烫。
·In class, students should not be ashamed of asking the teacher questions.
在课堂上，学生们不应该耻于向老师问问题。
·(“神情描写”佳句)Tony hung his head in/with shame and murmured, “If only I hadn't taken the wallet！”托尼羞愧地低下头，喃喃地说：“要是我没拿那个钱包就好了！”
归纳点拨 (1)be/feel ashamed of　　 因……感到惭愧 be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事 (2)shame n． 羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使羞愧(或惭愧) in/with shame 羞愧地 It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾 What a shame/pity! 真可惜！ to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是
联想发散 “be＋adj.＋of”结构的短语：be afraid of “害怕”；be proud of “为……感到自豪”；be full of “充满”；be free of “免于……”；be short of“缺乏”等。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I felt much __________ (shame) to have made such a stupid mistake once again in my work.
②It's __________ shame that many students don't have self－discipline when they learn on the Internet.
③I was once ashamed __________ (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
④________________， I did not live up to her expectations.
使我惭愧的是，我辜负了她的期望。
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清 　
一、①When/As　②until/till　③before ④As the summer vacation is approaching
⑤Every time/Each time/Whenever we met with difficulties
二、①unless　②if　③unless ④If you're interested in the Chinese folk art
⑤As/So long as we have a strong will
三、①Although/Though/While/Even if/Even though　②whether
③While/Though/Although ④Though/Although (I am) buried in books these days
⑤even if/though our project has been carried out smoothly
⑥However/No matter how far away we are
四、①because　②where　③in　④Now that/Since you have got a job
⑤where we can get water
五、①so　②that　③so/so that　④that　⑤such an exciting activity that　⑥in order that/so that you can make sense of
六、①if/though　②It looks as if/though　③what water is to fish
④as if/though he were her own son
应用中融通 　
Ⅰ.1.as if　2.because　3.since　4.unless　5.Even though 6．in order that
Ⅱ.①When　②before　③before　④Whenever　⑤because
⑥Since　⑦so that　⑧when/while　⑨even if/though
⑩Though/Although/While
新知深化学习
1．①on/to　②are burdened　③with　④Burdened with endless paperwork, he didn't have time to accompany his family.
2．①to　②from　③resign her post/position as manager of the company　④resign themselves to defeat/being defeated
3．①ashamed　②a　③to admit　④To my shame(共97张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
(语法项目——复习状语从句)
目 录
NO.1 语法专题突破
NO.2 新知深化学习
课时检测
语法专题突破
NO.1
语境中体悟
①Although the benefits of regular exercise are well documented，there's a new bonus to add to the ever－growing list.New research found that middle－aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia (痴呆症) in later life and ②if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
A researcher told the reporter, “These findings are exciting ③because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular (心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.” For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test ④until they were tired out to measure their peak cardiovascular capacity.
[语法入门]
句①Although引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”；
句②if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”；
句③because引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”；
句④until引导时间状语从句，意为“直到……为止”。
学案中理清
一、时间状语从句　
1．when、 while和as引导的时间状语从句
连词 含义 用法
when 当……时候 可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生
连词 含义 用法
while 当……时候 只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比
as 一边……一 边……；随着 常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生
续表
2.表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句
(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如the moment、 the minute、 the second、 the instant、 immediately、 directly、 instantly等；另外，as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
(2)在hardly/scarcely ...when ...和no sooner ...than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时；当hardly、 scarcely或no sooner位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
3．till、 until和not ...until/till的用法
until、 till两者均表示“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句。肯定句中，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，表示某动作一直延续到某时间为止；not ...until/till ...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词，表示某动作直到某时间才开始。until可放在句首，而till不可放在句首，且till一般不用于强调句型。
4．before与since引导的时间状语从句
连词 词义 常用句式
before 在……之前；还没来得及……就……；……才……；趁着…… It will (not) be＋一段时间＋before ...“(没有)过……(时间)就……”；
It was not/won't be long before ...“不久就……”；
It was＋时间段＋before ...“过了……(时间)才……”
since 自从……以来 It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ...(从句用一般过去时)
5.其他引导时间状语从句的常见名词短语
every/each time　　　　　　 每次
any time 任何时候
next time 下次
all the time (在某段时间内)一直
the first/last time 第一次/最后一次
the day/year ... 那天/年……
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①__________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.
②I wiped the tears on his cheeks, promising to keep him company ________ the end of the competition.
③The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times _______ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
When/As
until/till
before
④___________________________________, I will be free for almost three months.
随着暑假临近，我将有大约三个月的空闲时间。
⑤____________________________________________________, they came to help us.
每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮助我们。
As the summer vacation is approaching
Every time/Each time/Whenever we met with difficulties
二、条件状语从句　
1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有：
if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that), assuming that (假设)等。
2．only if和if only的区别
only if意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装；if only意为“但愿；要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，从句用一般过去时；与过去的情况相反时，从句用过去完成时；与将来的情况相反时，从句谓语用“would/could＋动词原形”。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion ________ he wants their support.
②The sales of houses in our city fell by 40 percent last month, and it will be 48 percent _____ we don't count low－price houses provided for poor residents.
③Life doesn't count for much ________ you're willing to do your small part to leave our children a better world.
unless
if
unless
④_______________________________________, please email me.
如果你对中国民间艺术感兴趣，请发邮件给我。
⑤________________________________, we'll be able to get over any difficulty.
只要我们有顽强的意志，就能够克服任何困难。
If you're interested in the Chinese folk art
As/So long as we have a strong will
三、让步状语从句　
1．although、 though、 as与while引导的让步状语从句
(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
(2)although与though都可以与yet、 still、 nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。
(3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。
2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句
even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可以用陈述语气。
3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋－ever”引导的让步状语从句
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋－ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。
(2)whoever、 whatever、 whomever和whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。
4．whether ...or (not) ...引导的让步状语从句
whether ...or ...表示“不论是……还是……”，表示两种对比情况。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①________________________________________ he could give her sympathy, any practical help was almost beyond him.
②A pair of red shoes — ________ they are for sports, dances or just fashion — is a must－have for every Chinese woman's shoe collection.
③_________________________ the Internet has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
Although/Though/While/Even if/Even though
whether
While/Though/Although
④_______________________________________________, I have still joined several student clubs in order to improve myself.
虽然这些天我在埋头读书，但为了提高自己，我仍然参加了几个学生俱乐部。
⑤We still have a long way to go _______________________________
___________________ so far.
即使到目前为止我们的项目进行得很顺利，但我们仍然还有很长的一段路要走。
Though/Although (I am) buried in books these days
even if/though our project has been
carried out smoothly
⑥____________________________________, we feel close to each other.
无论我们相距多远，都感觉近在咫尺。
However/No matter how far away we are
四、地点和原因状语从句　
1．地点状语从句
地点状语从句可用where、 wherever、 anywhere、 everywhere等引导。地点状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。
|名|师|点|津|　where既可引导定语从句，也可引导状语从句。引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where可替换成“介词＋which”；而状语从句前则无先行词。
2．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
because　　　　　　　　 因为
as 由于
since 既然
now that 既然
seeing that 由于；鉴于
in that 由于；在于
considering (that) 考虑到；鉴于
(1)because用来回答why的提问，语气最强，一般放在主句之后。
(2)since和now that表示已知的理由或稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放在句首。
(3)as引导的从句常放在句首，说明次要的原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①They are pretending to keep a healthy and wise attitude towards failure simply _________ they are incapable of succeeding.
②Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi _______ the bus had dropped her.
③The book is different from that book _____ that this one is about chemistry and that one about history.
because
where
in
④_______________________________, you should learn to be independent of your parents.
既然你已找到了一份工作，你就应该学会独立不依靠父母。
⑤We must camp ______________________.
我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。
Now that/Since you have got a job
where we can get water
五、目的和结果状语从句　
1．目的状语从句
(1)in order that与so that引导的目的状语从句：
两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，其引导的状语从句中谓语应用“could/should/might/would＋动词原形”。in order that比so that正式，其引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
(2)for fear that与in case引导的目的状语从句：
for fear that表示“唯恐；生怕”；in case表示“以免，以防”。
2．结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：
so that　　　　　　　 以至于
so ...that ... 如此……以至于……
such ...that ... 如此……以至于……
so ...that ...与such ...that ...引导结果状语从句的结构形式为：
|名|师|点|津|
(1)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...结构中，当“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋n.”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。
(2)除结果状语从句外，too ...to ...、 ...enough to ...、 so ...as to ...、 such ...as to ...等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①On our way to the house, it was raining ____ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there.
②Such an honest person is he _____ you can turn to him when you are in trouble.
③Well－educated employees can undertake most common jobs easily, __________ the efficiency of the society is guaranteed.
so
that
so/so that
⑤It was __________________________ we all enjoyed ourselves very much.(such ...that ...)
这是一次如此激动人心的活动，我们都玩得非常愉快。
⑥I'll speak slowly ______________________________________ what I said.
我会说得慢一些以便让你听懂我说的话。
such an exciting activity that
in order that/so that you can make sense of
六、方式和比较状语从句　
1．方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：
as if或as though引导的从句与事实相反时，通常用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；与将来事实相反，从句谓语用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。从句内容与事实相符或可能成为事实时，则用陈述语气。
as正如；按照　 　as if/as though似乎；好像
2．比较状语从句
比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用as ...as、 not as/so ...as及“比较级＋than”引导。
|名|师|点|津|　what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D．“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as ___________ he had done something very clever.
②Look at the clouds! ___________________ it is going to rain.
看那些云！看起来好像要下雨了。
if/though
It looks as if/though
③Air is to us ___________________.
空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。
④The old lady treats the man _____________________________.
那个老太太对待那个男士就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
what water is to fish
as if/though he were her own son
Ⅰ.选词填空
because, unless, in order that, as if, even though, since
1．She stood at the door ______ she was waiting for someone.
2．American English has so many dialects ________ people have come from all over the world.
3．We have been to the factory twice ______ it was set up in 1992.
as if
because
应用中融通
since
4．We will have a picnic tomorrow _______ it rains or it's very cold.
5． ____________ I have many delicate feelings to share, who can I speak to
6．The teacher underlined the words ____________ the students might pay special attention to them.
unless
Even though
in order that
Ⅱ.用适当的连词完成下面语篇
①________ I put forward the suggestion that he go to work in the countryside, Li Ming promised to take it into account, just ② _______ he graduated from an agricultural university.Of course, it means living in the countryside for at least three years or more ③ _________ he returns to the city.Li Ming studied hard at university.④ ___________ he had time, he would go to the library to search for more information. I want him to work in the countryside ⑤ ___________ he can help rid people there of hunger by expanding the output of crop.
When
before
before
Whenever
because
⑥________ there may be little entertainment in the faraway area, I advise him to take his guitar with him ⑦ ________ he can entertain himself sometimes.I also advise him to be modest ⑧ ___________ he is working with the farmers ⑨ _____________ he has more scientific knowledge than they do.⑩ _______________________ he hasn't made any answer so far, I think he will follow my advice.
Since
so that
when/while
even if/though
Though/Although/While
新知深化学习
NO.2
1．Among every generation there are those who are willing to bear the heavy burden of responsibility and devote themselves to working for the good of their country and people.
每一代人中都有一些人愿意承担沉重的责任，为了国家和人民的利益而奉献自己努力工作。
★burden n．(义务、责任等的)重担，负担
|用|法|感|知|
·Only when we put down those unnecessary burdens can we go all the way.
只有放下那些无谓的负担，我们才能一路前行。
·There will be many challenges ahead, but I have confidence that I'll take on/bear the burden.
尽管前面会有很多挑战，但我有信心勇挑重担。
[归纳点拨]
(1)a burden on/to ...　 是……的负担
bear/take on/reduce/share the burden
承受/担负/减少/分担重担
(2)burden sb./oneself with sth.
装载某物；使某人负担某事
be burdened with ... 负重；为……所累
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①I don't want to become a burden _______ my parents.
②Nowadays students ________________ (burden) with heavy homework.
③He took a part－time job in summer holiday to burden himself ______ his school fees.
on/to
are burdened
with
(2)句式升级
④He was burdened with endless paperwork, so he didn't have time to accompany his family.(过去分词作状语)
→______________________________________________________
_____________________
Burdened with endless paperwork, he didn't have time to
accompany his family.
2．Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun.
最终他辞去了在英国的职务，回国后在长春吉林大学工作。
★resign vt.& vi.辞职，辞去
|用|法|感|知|
·He resigned from this company in order to take a more challenging job.他从这家公司辞职，目的是想找一份更具有挑战性的工作。
·We should never resign ourselves to being defeated.
我们应该永远不甘心被打败。
[归纳点拨]
resign one's post/position　 辞去职务
resign from ... 从……辞职
resign as ... 辞去作为……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事
resign ...to ... 把……委托给……
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①Mary resigned her pet dog _____ her neighbour while travelling abroad.
②I think you should resign ________ that stressful job — it's not worth your mental health.
to
from
(2)完成句子
③In order to look after her sick mother, my friend decided to _____________________________________________.
为了照顾她生病的母亲，我的朋友决定辞去公司经理的职务。
④The team refused to _____________________________________.
该队不甘失败。
resign her post/position as manager of the company
resign themselves to defeat/being defeated
3．I was so ashamed of myself.
我为自己感到如此羞愧。
★ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬
|用|法|感|知|
·(“心理描写”佳句)I felt so ashamed that I could feel my face burning.
我感到非常羞愧，觉得脸上滚烫。
·In class, students should not be ashamed of asking the teacher questions.
在课堂上，学生们不应该耻于向老师问问题。
·(“神情描写”佳句)Tony hung his head in/with shame and murmured, “If only I hadn't taken the wallet！”
托尼羞愧地低下头，喃喃地说：“要是我没拿那个钱包就好了！”
归纳点拨 (1)be/feel ashamed of　　 因……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do sth. 不好意思做某事
(2)shame n． 羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事
vt. 使羞愧(或惭愧)
in/with shame 羞愧地
It's a shame that ... ……真让人遗憾
What a shame/pity! 真可惜！
to one's shame 令某人感到羞耻的是
联想发散 “be＋adj.＋of”结构的短语：be afraid of “害怕”；be proud of “为……感到自豪”；be full of “充满”；be free of “免于……”；be short of“缺乏”等。
续表
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I felt much ___________ (shame) to have made such a stupid mistake once again in my work.
②It's ____ shame that many students don't have self－discipline when they learn on the Internet.
ashamed
a
③I was once ashamed ___________ (admit) my weakness, but now I have no such feeling.
④ _____________, I did not live up to her expectations.
使我惭愧的是，我辜负了她的期望。
to admit
To my shame
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Why do people lie Many psychologists agree that lying can start from childhood.There are various reasons why children make false statements.They usually tell untruthful stories to cover up the mistakes that they have done in the past.Lying is also a way to avoid receiving punishments from parents.If parents fail to reprimand their children for making up false stories，then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years.
Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends.This is the main reason why they create stories that are not true just to become attractive and acceptable to other people.In some cases, teenagers tell untruthful statements to avoid criticisms from their families and friends.
As teenagers grow, lying becomes one of their habits.Their knowledge on making up untruthful stories becomes more developed.People lie in workplaces if they fail to meet the deadlines and if they fail to achieve and do their tasks efficiently.Some of the common lies made in workplaces are getting sick and having emergencies at home.The danger involved in frequent lying is when it becomes a character.Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological (病态的) lying.
Pathological lying is a mental health condition，which is linked with individuals who have the strong wish to tell untruthful statements.Patients suffering from it make up stories about everything and anything.These individuals lie to meet the standards of other people who they want to please.
These patients cheat other people because it gives them an unexplained pleasure.One of the best ways of treating pathological liars is to help them tell true statements and stories at all times.This may be hard for them, but as they are used to it, they will start to realize that they will be more accepted by their families and other people if they stop themselves from making up false stories.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年撒谎的原因以及病态撒谎的形成和发展。
解析：词义猜测题。根据语境，尤其是画线词下文“then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years”可知，如果家长没有因为孩子编造虚假的故事而“批评”孩子，那么他们长大后还是会继续撒谎，所以画线词意为“批评；指责”。
1．What does the underlined word “reprimand” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Satisfy.　　　　　　 B．Criticize.
C．Discourage. D．Praise.
√
2．Why to teenagers tell lies
A．They want to avoid being punished.
B．They want to fool other people.
C．They want to attract others' attention.
D．They want to satisfy others.
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends.”可知，青少年撒谎主要是为了被朋友接受，而想要被他人接受，往往需要让他人满意。
√
3．Pathological lying is a disease caused by________.
A．mental health problems
B．the habit of telling lies
C．the desire to become acceptable
D．the wish to please others
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological lying.”可知，病态撒谎是由经常性的撒谎，也就是习惯性撒谎逐步形成的。
√
4．What is the author's purpose of writing this text
A．To show some typical examples of pathological lying.
B．To predict the future consequences of pathological lying.
C．To analyze the causes and development of pathological lying.
D．To list a group of phenomena of pathological lying.
√
解析：写作意图题。文章第一、二段分析了青少年撒谎的原因；第三段分析了病态撒谎形成的原因和发展。前两段主要是为第三段病态撒谎的形成做铺垫；第四段和第五段是围绕病态撒谎者的表现以及应对方式展开的。综合可知，作者的写作目的是分析病态撒谎形成的原因和发展变化。
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a teenager, I was pretty lazy when it came to doing things for my family. I found myself refusing to __5__ out at home with even the simplest things.
Every Wednesday afternoon, for example, my mother __6__ me to another town for a piano lesson. During my two－hour lesson, she'd rush to the nearby store and buy a week's worth of __7__. Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there, twelve miles back, and __8__ for my lesson, you'd think I'd be very __9__ to help her bring the groceries into the house. But I wasn't. I generally just brought in an armload and left the rest for Mom as I ran to my room and shut the door.
Don't get me wrong. Back in my room, I felt __10__ about not helping my mother more. Deep inside, I wanted to change my __11__. But I also realized that once I took on more responsibility, my parents would start __12__ more from me. At age fifteen, I sensed that this one small change would mark something much bigger: my personal change from a spoiled (宠坏的) child to a more __13__ young man.
I'll never forget the Wednesday when I made a(n) __14__ to try and see what would happen. Returning home from the lesson, I disappeared into my room, as usual. But once inside, I felt that deep and burning __15__. Throwing my school books on the bed, I suddenly opened my door and __16__ back to the garage to help my mother. How happy I felt that day! Surely, over time, I continued to help out with more housework. The more I helped out, the __17__ I felt about myself. As Mom and Dad realized they could __18__ on me more, our trips became far less stressful, too.
Sometimes the little things we put off doing for the longest time __19__ out to be simplest things to complete. Feeling happy beats feeling guilty any day.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从一个被宠坏的小孩成长为一个负责任的年轻人的经历。
5．A.start　　　　　　 　 B．cry
C．help D．work
√
解析：根据上文“As a teenager, I was pretty lazy when it came to doing things for my family.”可知，作者在为家人做事时表现得非常懒惰，故可推知，此处指作者意识到自己连最简单的家务都不愿意帮忙。
解析：根据下文“Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there”可知，妈妈开车12英里把作者送到那里。
6．A.sent B．guided
C．walked D．drove
√
解析：根据下文“you'd think I'd be very________to help her bring the groceries into the house”可知，在作者两个小时的上课期间，妈妈会赶到附近的商店买一周的食品杂货。
7．A.fruits B．flowers
C．groceries D．vegetables
√
解析：根据空前“Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there, twelve miles back”可知，此处是作者在描述妈妈对自己的好：开车12英里把他送去上课，又开车12英里把他接回来，为他的钢琴课付钱。
8．A.fought B．paid
C．prepared D．waited
√
9．A.grateful B．nervous
C．confident D．unwilling
√
解析：上文提到，妈妈为作者付出很多，由此可推知此处表示“你会认为我会非常感激地帮她把食品杂货搬回家”。
10．A.excited B．curious
C．doubtful D．regretful
√
解析：根据下文“Deep inside, I wanted to change my_________.”以及文章最后一句“Feeling happy beats feeling guilty any day.”可推知，此处表示作者回到房间，后悔没有多帮助妈妈。
11．A.way B．world
C．career D．build
√
解析：根据下文“Sometimes the little things we put off doing for the longest time_________out to be simplest things to complete.”可知，此处指在内心深处，作者想改变自己的行为方式。
12．A.warning B．encouraging
C．expecting D．praising
√
解析：根据语境以及空前“But I also realized that once I took on more responsibility”可知，作者更深一步想到，一旦他承担了更多的责任，父母就会开始对他有更高的期望。
解析：根据空前“my personal change from a spoiled child to a more”可推知，此处表示，作者从一个被宠坏的孩子变成了一个更有责任感的年轻人。
13．A.energetic B．ambitious
C．outgoing D．responsible
√
解析：根据空后“to try and see what would happen”可推知，此处指作者终于下定决心，要做出改变。
14．A.excuse B．decision
C．promise D．mistake
√
15．A.shame B．anger
C．delight D．pleasure
√
解析：根据上文“Back in my room, I felt________about not helping my mother more.”以及下文做出的具体改变并结合语境可推知，此处指作者一回到房间，就感到极度的羞愧。
16．A.called B．looked
C．headed D．handed
√
解析：根据上文提到作者一回到房间就感到极度的羞愧以及空前“I suddenly opened my door”可推知，此处指作者把课本扔在床上，突然打开门，回到车库去帮妈妈。
17．A.smarter B．better
C．warmer D．stronger
√
解析：根据句意以及空前“The more I helped out”可知，此处表示作者越帮忙，内心的感受就越好。
18．A.live B．press
C．focus D．depend
√
解析：根据空后“our trips became far less stressful, too”可知，此处指当爸爸妈妈意识到他们可以更多地依靠作者来提供帮助时，他们的旅行压力也大大减少了。depend on“依靠”。
19．A.make B．turn
C．point D．bring
√
解析：根据空后“be simplest things to complete”可知，此处表示，有时候，我们拖延了很久的小事情，最终变成了最简单的事情。
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)(★)
Fan Jinshi, the honorary president of the Dunhuang Academy, is more widely known as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”．She has spent more than four decades __20__ (study) the preservation of the Mogao Caves.The Mogao Caves __21__ (build) from the 4th century to the 14th century, and they consist of at least 490 caves __22__ are carved into the cliffs (悬崖) above the Dunhuang River.For many reasons, the caves __23__ (become) increasingly vulnerable (脆弱的) in the past years.
Fan, together with other scholars, has made several breakthroughs in cave preservation technologies such as __24__ reduction of sandstorms' impact on the Mogao Caves.Fan also works hard __25__ (promote) cooperation between the Dunhuang Academy and overseas archaeological institutions.Thanks to her efforts, the surrounding environment has improved __26__ (significant)．
__27__ Fan's leadership, the Dunhuang Academy has grown into the world's largest institution for Dunhuang studies, making many __28__ (achieve) in digitisation, 3D scanning and virtual reality representation of the Dunhuang relics (遗迹)．“The longer I've stayed here, the __29__ (deep) my love has grown for Dunhuang，” Fan said.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“敦煌的女儿”樊锦诗为保护敦煌莫高窟做出的贡献。
20．studying　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，是固定用法，故填studying。
21．were built　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“from the 4th century to the 14th century”可知，空处用一般过去时；build 与主语 The Mogao Caves之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合后面指代 The Mogao Caves的“they”可知，主语表示复数意义，故填were built。
22．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是caves，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
23．have become　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past years”可知，此处用现在完成时；主语是名词复数，故填 have become。
24．the　考查冠词。根据空后的“of sandstorms' impact on the Mogao Caves”可知，此处的reduction 是特指，故填定冠词 the。
25．to promote　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作目的状语，故用不定式形式。
26．significantly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。significantly “有重大意义地，显著地，明显地”。
27．Under　考查介词。under sb.'s leadership意为“在某人的领导下”，是固定搭配，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
28．achievements　考查名词及其复数。分析句子可知，空处在句中作动词的宾语，应用名词形式；根据空前的“many”可知，本空要填名词的复数形式，故填 achievements。
29．deeper　考查比较级。本句是“the＋比较级＋其他，the＋比较级＋其他”句型，表示“越……就越……”。空处作表语，故填deeper。UNIT 1　课时检测(三)　Grammar and usage
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Why do people lie Many psychologists agree that lying can start from childhood.There are various reasons why children make false statements.They usually tell untruthful stories to cover up the mistakes that they have done in the past.Lying is also a way to avoid receiving punishments from parents.If parents fail to reprimand their children for making up false stories，then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years.
Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends.This is the main reason why they create stories that are not true just to become attractive and acceptable to other people.In some cases, teenagers tell untruthful statements to avoid criticisms from their families and friends.
As teenagers grow, lying becomes one of their habits.Their knowledge on making up untruthful stories becomes more developed.People lie in workplaces if they fail to meet the deadlines and if they fail to achieve and do their tasks efficiently.Some of the common lies made in workplaces are getting sick and having emergencies at home.The danger involved in frequent lying is when it becomes a character.Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological (病态的) lying.
Pathological lying is a mental health condition，which is linked with individuals who have the strong wish to tell untruthful statements.Patients suffering from it make up stories about everything and anything.These individuals lie to meet the standards of other people who they want to please.
These patients cheat other people because it gives them an unexplained pleasure.One of the best ways of treating pathological liars is to help them tell true statements and stories at all times.This may be hard for them, but as they are used to it, they will start to realize that they will be more accepted by their families and other people if they stop themselves from making up false stories.
1．What does the underlined word “reprimand” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Satisfy.　 B．Criticize.　 C．Discourage.　 D．Praise.
2．Why to teenagers tell lies
A．They want to avoid being punished.
B．They want to fool other people.
C．They want to attract others' attention.
D．They want to satisfy others.
3．Pathological lying is a disease caused by ________.
A．mental health problems
B．the habit of telling lies
C．the desire to become acceptable
D．the wish to please others
4．What is the author's purpose of writing this text
A．To show some typical examples of pathological lying.
B．To predict the future consequences of pathological lying.
C．To analyze the causes and development of pathological lying.
D．To list a group of phenomena of pathological lying.
Ⅱ.完形填空
As a teenager, I was pretty lazy when it came to doing things for my family. I found myself refusing to __5__ out at home with even the simplest things.
Every Wednesday afternoon, for example, my mother __6__ me to another town for a piano lesson. During my two－hour lesson, she'd rush to the nearby store and buy a week's worth of __7__. Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there, twelve miles back, and __8__ for my lesson, you'd think I'd be very __9__ to help her bring the groceries into the house. But I wasn't. I generally just brought in an armload and left the rest for Mom as I ran to my room and shut the door.
Don't get me wrong. Back in my room, I felt __10__ about not helping my mother more. Deep inside, I wanted to change my __11__. But I also realized that once I took on more responsibility, my parents would start __12__ more from me. At age fifteen, I sensed that this one small change would mark something much bigger: my personal change from a spoiled (宠坏的) child to a more __13__ young man.
I'll never forget the Wednesday when I made a(n) __14__ to try and see what would happen. Returning home from the lesson, I disappeared into my room, as usual. But once inside, I felt that deep and burning __15__. Throwing my school books on the bed, I suddenly opened my door and __16__ back to the garage to help my mother. How happy I felt that day! Surely, over time, I continued to help out with more housework. The more I helped out, the __17__ I felt about myself. As Mom and Dad realized they could __18__ on me more, our trips became far less stressful, too.
Sometimes the little things we put off doing for the longest time __19__ out to be simplest things to complete. Feeling happy beats feeling guilty any day.
5．A.start　　　 B．Cry　　　 C．help　　　 D．work
6．A.sent B．Guided C．walked D．drove
7．A.fruits B．Flowers C．groceries D．vegetables
8．A.fought B．Paid C．prepared D．waited
9．A.grateful B．Nervous C．confident D．unwilling
10．A.excited B．Curious C．doubtful D．regretful
11．A.way B．World C．career D．build
12．A.warning B．Encouraging C．expecting D．praising
13．A.energetic B．Ambitious C．outgoing D．responsible
14．A.excuse B．Decision C．promise D．mistake
15．A.shame B．Anger C．delight D．pleasure
16．A.called B．Looked C．headed D．handed
17．A.smarter B．Better C．warmer D．stronger
18．A.live B．Press C．focus D．depend
19．A.make B．Turn C．point D．bring
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)()
Fan Jinshi, the honorary president of the Dunhuang Academy, is more widely known as the “Daughter of Dunhuang”．She has spent more than four decades 20.__________ (study) the preservation of the Mogao Caves.The Mogao Caves 21.__________ (build) from the 4th century to the 14th century, and they consist of at least 490 caves 22.__________ are carved into the cliffs (悬崖) above the Dunhuang River.For many reasons, the caves 23.__________ (become) increasingly vulnerable (脆弱的) in the past years.
Fan, together with other scholars, has made several breakthroughs in cave preservation technologies such as 24.__________ reduction of sandstorms' impact on the Mogao Caves.Fan also works hard 25.__________ (promote) cooperation between the Dunhuang Academy and overseas archaeological institutions.Thanks to her efforts, the surrounding environment has improved 26.__________ (significant)．
27．__________ Fan's leadership, the Dunhuang Academy has grown into the world's largest institution for Dunhuang studies, making many 28.__________ (achieve) in digitisation, 3D scanning and virtual reality representation of the Dunhuang relics (遗迹)．“The longer I've stayed here, the 29.__________ (deep) my love has grown for Dunhuang，” Fan said.
UNIT 1　课时检测(三)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了青少年撒谎的原因以及病态撒谎的形成和发展。
1．选B　词义猜测题。根据语境，尤其是画线词下文“then there is a possibility that they will continue to lie during their teenage years”可知，如果家长没有因为孩子编造虚假的故事而“批评”孩子，那么他们长大后还是会继续撒谎，所以画线词意为“批评；指责”。
2．选D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Teenagers lie because they want to be accepted by their friends.”可知，青少年撒谎主要是为了被朋友接受，而想要被他人接受，往往需要让他人满意。
3．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Frequent lying causes the development of the condition known to doctors as pathological lying.”可知，病态撒谎是由经常性的撒谎，也就是习惯性撒谎逐步形成的。
4．选C　写作意图题。文章第一、二段分析了青少年撒谎的原因；第三段分析了病态撒谎形成的原因和发展。前两段主要是为第三段病态撒谎的形成做铺垫；第四段和第五段是围绕病态撒谎者的表现以及应对方式展开的。综合可知，作者的写作目的是分析病态撒谎形成的原因和发展变化。
Ⅱ.完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从一个被宠坏的小孩成长为一个负责任的年轻人的经历。
5．选C　根据上文“As a teenager, I was pretty lazy when it came to doing things for my family.”可知，作者在为家人做事时表现得非常懒惰，故可推知，此处指作者意识到自己连最简单的家务都不愿意帮忙。
6．选D　根据下文“Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there”可知，妈妈开车12英里把作者送到那里。
7．选C　根据下文“you'd think I'd be very ______ to help her bring the groceries into the house”可知，在作者两个小时的上课期间，妈妈会赶到附近的商店买一周的食品杂货。
8．选B　根据空前“Given the fact that my mom had driven me twelve miles there, twelve miles back”可知，此处是作者在描述妈妈对自己的好：开车12英里把他送去上课，又开车12英里把他接回来，为他的钢琴课付钱。
9．选A　上文提到，妈妈为作者付出很多，由此可推知此处表示“你会认为我会非常感激地帮她把食品杂货搬回家”。
10．选D　根据下文“Deep inside, I wanted to change my ________.”以及文章最后一句“Feeling happy beats feeling guilty any day.”可推知，此处表示作者回到房间，后悔没有多帮助妈妈。
11．选A　根据下文“Sometimes the little things we put off doing for the longest time ________ out to be simplest things to complete.”可知，此处指在内心深处，作者想改变自己的行为方式。
12．选C　根据语境以及空前“But I also realized that once I took on more responsibility”可知，作者更深一步想到，一旦他承担了更多的责任，父母就会开始对他有更高的期望。
13．选D　根据空前“my personal change from a spoiled child to a more”可推知，此处表示，作者从一个被宠坏的孩子变成了一个更有责任感的年轻人。
14．选B　根据空后“to try and see what would happen”可推知，此处指作者终于下定决心，要做出改变。
15．选A　根据上文“Back in my room, I felt ________ about not helping my mother more.”以及下文做出的具体改变并结合语境可推知，此处指作者一回到房间，就感到极度的羞愧。
16．选C　根据上文提到作者一回到房间就感到极度的羞愧以及空前“I suddenly opened my door”可推知，此处指作者把课本扔在床上，突然打开门，回到车库去帮妈妈。
17．选B　根据句意以及空前“The more I helped out”可知，此处表示作者越帮忙，内心的感受就越好。
18．选D　根据空后“our trips became far less stressful, too”可知，此处指当爸爸妈妈意识到他们可以更多地依靠作者来提供帮助时，他们的旅行压力也大大减少了。depend on“依靠”。
19．选B　根据空后“be simplest things to complete”可知，此处表示，有时候，我们拖延了很久的小事情，最终变成了最简单的事情。
Ⅲ.语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了“敦煌的女儿”樊锦诗为保护敦煌莫高窟做出的贡献。
20．studying　考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”，是固定用法，故填studying。
21．were built　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“from the 4th century to the 14th century”可知，空处用一般过去时；build 与主语 The Mogao Caves之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；结合后面指代 The Mogao Caves的“they”可知，主语表示复数意义，故填were built。
22．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是caves，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
23．have become　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“in the past years”可知，此处用现在完成时；主语是名词复数，故填 have become。
24．the　考查冠词。根据空后的“of sandstorms' impact on the Mogao Caves”可知，此处的reduction 是特指，故填定冠词 the。
25．to promote　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作目的状语，故用不定式形式。
26．significantly　考查副词。空处修饰谓语动词，应用副词形式。significantly “有重大意义地，显著地，明显地”。
27．Under　考查介词。under sb.'s leadership意为“在某人的领导下”，是固定搭配，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。
28．achievements　考查名词及其复数。分析句子可知，空处在句中作动词的宾语，应用名词形式；根据空前的“many”可知，本空要填名词的复数形式，故填 achievements。
29．deeper　考查比较级。本句是“the＋比较级＋其他，the＋比较级＋其他”句型，表示“越……就越……”。空处作表语，故填deeper。

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