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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第七章 动词的五种形态
一、动词的五种形态
1. 动词原形do（动词初始的形态）
2. 动词原形动词的第三人称单数形式 does
（1）含义:在一般现在时中，主语是第三人单数、动词需要变为第三人称单数形式。注：除“你”、“我”之外都是第三人称，变化规则：
（1）直接+s：play—plays ； 元音字母+y，直接+s：say—says buy—buys
（2）以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词+es：go—goes teach—teaches fix—fixes
（3）以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+es：carry—carries
3. 现在分词doing（动词的-ing形式），变化规则：
（1）直接+ing：work—working
（2）以e结尾，去e+ing；ee结尾不去e：hope—hoping see—seeing
（3）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ing：put--putting stop—stopping
（4）以ie结尾，改ie喂y，再加ing：die—dying lie—lying tie—tying
（5）元音字母加y，直接加ing：play—playing
4. 动词过去式did，变化规则：
（1）直接+ed：walk--walked
（2）以e结尾直接+d：live--lived
（3）辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+ed：study--studied
（4）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个实辅音字母，再+ed：stop--stopped
5. 动词过去分词 done，变化规则：
（1）直接+ed：walk--walked
（2）以e结尾直接+d：live--lived
（3）辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+ed：study--studied
（4）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ed：stop--stopped
第七章 八大时态
*英语中有时态的概念
时态：表示动作发生的时间和状态
因此：不同的时态，动词要写成不同的形式
时间：过去、现在、将来
状态：一般、进行、完成
一、时态及动词结构
时态 动词结构
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
一般将来时 will do; am/is/are going to do
现在进行时 am/is/are doing
过去进行时 was/were doing
现在完成时 have/has done
过去完成时 had done
过去将来时 should/would do
二、时态讲解
（一）一般现在时
（1）动词形式：动词原形；主语是“三单”，动词+s/es
（2）含义：①表示现在经常做的事情或状态，常与表示频率的副词连用
频率副词：always总是，often 经常，usually 通常，sometimes 有时，seldom很少，never从不、hardly 几乎不，once a week每周一次
②表示客观真理、自然现象（高频考点）
I often go swimming in summer.
He often goes swimming in summer.
The teacher said that the earth is round. 老师说地球是圆的。
1. I ________at 6 every morning.
A. get up B. gets C. got up D. am getting up
2. Tom sometimes________to the beach on holiday.
A. walk B. walked C.walks D. will walk
3.The moon________round the earth.
A. moves B. moved C.move D. will move
（二）一般过去时
（1）动词形式:
（2）含义： ①表示过去某个时间段内发生的动作
②表示过去经常发生的动作（频率副词）
I played basketball yesterday.
When I was a child, I often went skating.
（3）时间标志词：yesterday昨天，just now刚才，ago在....之前，last上一个，last night昨晚，once upon a time 从前, the other day 前几天，in+过去的时间(在....年)，in the past在以前，on that day在那天，then那时，the day before yesterday前天，previously 前，先前 yesterday
1. A man________me last night .
A. follow B. follows C. followed D. was following
2. My friend and I________at home yesterday.
A. will stay B. stay C. is staying D. stayed
3. They ________to England 10 years ago.
A. moves B. moved C. move D. will move
（三）一般将来时
（1）动词形式:will+动词原形；am/is/are going to+动词原形
（2）含义:表示将要发生的动作，还没做的动作
We will meet again next week.
I am going to see a movie.
（3）时间标志词：tomorrow 明天，next 下一个，next day第二天，next year 明年，next month下个月，the day after tomorrow后天，in+未来的时间(在....年)，soon很快， in the future在未来，some day将来的某一天，before long 不久之后
1. We________a very important game tomorrow.
A. have B. had C. are having D. will have
2. They________many schools in the future.
A. build B. are going to build
C. builds D. built
（四）现在进行时
（1）动词形式：am/is/are+动词ing
（2）含义：表示此时此刻正在做的动作
We are having an English class.
（3）时间标志词：Look!/Listen! right now/now现在，at the moment 此时此刻，while当...时候，these days 这些天
1. Look! The girl________over there.
A. dance B. danced C. is dancing D. dancing
2. My friend will________ in classroom now.
A. will read B. read C. is reading D. have read
（4）移位动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start开始，arrive到达，其现在进行时可表将来。
I am leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
1. We don't need to book the restaurant in advance because my aunt________ (come) to our home for dinner this Saturday.
2. The school bus_______（leave) the station at 7:30 a.m. tomorrow，so please don't be late.
3. —Do you know when the art exhibition________(start) next month
—It ________(start) on the10th , according to the notice.
（五）过去进行时
（1）动词形式:was/were+动词ing
（2）含义：过去某个具体时间点正在做的动作
We were watching TV at 8 p.m. yesterday evening.
1. —I called you at 8 last night but you didn't answer.
—l am sorry.I________at that time.
A. sleep B. was sleeping C. am sleeping D. slept
2. My friend________at 7 yesterday morning.
A. run B. ran C. was running D. will run
（3）时间标志词：at that time在当时，at that moment在那一刻，this time yesterday evening昨晚的这个时候
（六）现在完成时
（1）动词形式：have/has+done(过去分词);填定will do个
（2）含义： ①过去的事对现在有影响
②过去的事持续到现在
I have finished my homework so l can watch TV.
I have learned English for l0 years.
（3）时间标志词： since（自从...）+时间点
for（累计,达到）+一段时间
so far；up to now；到目前为止
1. I________to dance since I was a kid.
A. learned B. learn C. am learning D. have learned
2. My friends________for ten days.
A. run B. have run C. was running D. will run
3. Tom________100 books in the past few years.
A. read B. reading C. is reading D. has read
（4）相关句型：
①第几次做某事：It is the序数词 time that+队句(现在完成时)
It is the second time that l have come to Beijing.
②这是最...的...：This/It is+最高级...
This is the best movie I have seen.
1. It is the most interesting activity that I________.
A. attended B. attend C. will attend D. have attended 2. This is the first time he________the museum.
A. is visiting B. visits C. has visited D. visited
难点：动词瞬间变延续：
英语中动词分为瞬间性和延续性
瞬间性动词：go come buy borrow(借)...
延续性动词：run eat fly..
现在完成时有一段时间的概念，动词要求具有延续性
*换单词： buy一have
borrow--keep
die-been dead
begin-been
1. I________on the dress for 2 weeks.
A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. buy
2. The movie________for one hour.
A. begin B. has begun C. has been on D. will begin
3. Tom________this book for a week.
A. borrow B. borrows C. has borrowed D. has kept
三个词组:
have/has gone to去了没回来
have/has been to去过回来了
have/has been in 去某地一段时间
1. Mr. Li________the library and he will come back in the afternoon.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in
2. I________Beijing twice.
A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in
3. Tom and his family________America for 10 years.
A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in
(七)过去完成时
（1）动词形式：had+done(过去分词)
（2）含义：过去的过去
When I got（到达）to the railway station, the train had left.（离开）
过去完成时：两个动作有前后之分
前：过去完成时去
后：一般过去时
1. When I arrived at school, he________.
A. have arrived B. had arrived C. arrive D. arrived
2. The train________before went to the station.
A. go B. has gone C. had gone D. will go
3. By the time，I________(arrive) at the cinema, the movie________(start) already.
4. She________(finish) her homework before her mother________(come) back home.
5. The little boy________(eat) all the candies when his parents________(find) out.
(八)过去将来时
（1）动词形式：would动词原
（2）含义：站在过去展望未来
1. Mike told his parents that he________his grandparents the next weekend.
2. Our teacher announced yesterday that we________（have）English test the following Monday.
3. My sister promised me last night that she________(buy) me a new storybook when she got paid.
参考答案
第六、七章 动词和时态
一般现在时
1. A
2. C
3. A
一般过去时
1. C
2. D
3. B
一般将来时
1. D
2. B
现在进行时
1. C
2. B
3. is coming
4. leaves
5. starts, starts
过去进行时
1. B
2. C
现在完成时
1. D
2. B
3. D
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. B
10. A
11. C
过去完成时
1. B
2. C
3. arrived, had started
4. had finished, came
5. had eaten, found
过去将来时
1. would visit
2. would have
3. would buy
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