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第十二章 定语从句
一、定语从句
（一）含义
①定语从句也称关系从句、形容词性从句，是指一类由关系词引导的从句。
②被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，定语从句的位置通常在先行词之后。
③句子作定语，这个句子就叫做定语从句。
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
先行词 关系词
（二）关系词
(1) 作用：①引导从句；②在从句中做成分；③代替先行词
(2) 分类：
①关系代词：who whom whose that which
②关系副词：when where why
(3) 关系代词的用法
关系代词 指代 在定语从句中作的成分
who 人 主语/宾语(可省略)
whom 人 宾语(可省略)
whose 人/物 定语
which 物 主语/宾语(可省略)
that 人/物 主语/宾语(可省略)
★指人：who/that/whom 作宾语时可以省略
①The man who/that is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.在跟父亲握的个人是警察。
②The manager that/whom/who you want to see has come. 你想见的经理已经来了。
★指物：that/which作宾语时可以省略
①China is a country which/that has a long history.中国是个有着悠久历史的国家。
②The book (which/that)I bought last Saturday is very interesting. 我上周六买的书很有趣。
★作定语：whose 可以翻译为TA的
①The house whose walls are red is my house. 这所墙是红色的房子是我家。
[随堂精练] 用关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose 或/填空。
1. The student _________answered the questions was Zhang Hua.
2. The woman _________we met yesterday is very famous in our city.
3. I know the girl_________parents are doctors.
4. Here is the pen_________you lost the day before yesterday.
5. The earthquake_________hit the city in1906 was the biggest in American history.
（三）关系代词只能用that的情况
①先行词被下列词修饰：the only，the every，the same，the last 序数词，形容词最高级。
②先行词是不定代词：all，any，anything，everything，something, nothing, little, few, much
③当句中已有who或which时，为避免重复只能用that。
④先行词同时指人和物时。
1. He did all/everything_________ he could to help me.
2. This is the very thing_________I am after.
3. We talked about the men and the things_________we remembered at school.
4. He is the only man_________can do the work.
5. This is the first thing_________I want to say.
6. He is the finest man_________I have ever worked with.
7. Who is the man_________spoke to you at the gate.
8. Which is the star_________is nearest to the earth.
（四）关系代词不用that的情况
*在非限制性定语从句中不能用that(特点:逗号后)
He never wears clothes，which makes him look different.
他从来不穿衣服，这让他看起来与众不同。(非限制性定语从句)
（五）介词+关系代词 ==>介词+which（指物） 介词+whom（指人）
★为什么会出现介词+关系代词的现象？
*看搭配：从句中调语动词和介词的搭配关系选择
①The city in which she lives is beautiful.
②The city which she lives in is beautiful. 她居住的这座城市很漂亮。
*看意思：根据先行词的措配关系选择
①This is the school in which we study Chinese every day. 这是我们每天学习中文的学校。
关系副词 在定语从句作的成分 例句
when 时间状语 October 1st is the day when I was born. 十月一日是我出生的日子。
where 地点状语 He visited the factory where his father worked. 他参观了他父亲工过的工厂。
why 原因状语 She explained to me the reason why she was late. 她向我解释了迟到的原因。
when=on which why=for which where=in which
1. This is the house_________he once lived.
2. The man with_________you talked yesterday is my brother.
3. Edison made a lot of inventors_________are of great importance.
4. I am reading Harry Porter，_________is an interesting book.
5. This is the farm_________we grew up when we were young.
A. in which B. to which C. on which D. at which
6. Do you know the man_________my father is talking
A. in whom B. to which C. of whom D. with whom
（六）关系副词的用法
★看到前面的先行词是时间一定就填when吗
★看到前面的先行词是地点一定就填 where吗
从句不完整，缺少主或宾
从句完整，不缺主或宾
1. I will remember the days_________ we had a good time together.
2. I will remember the day_________we spent together.
3. I like the park _________we play football together.
4. I like the park_________we visited yesterday.
（七）关于as“正如”
① As is known to all... 众所周知
② As we all know 众所周知
③ As is expected... 正如所期待的
④ As everybody can see 正如每个人看到的
⑤ the same... as... 与...一样
例 _________is known to all, Lu Xun is a famous writer.
例This is the same book_________I lost last week.
2013-19题 He invited us to dinner，_________was very kind of him.
A. that B. this C. what D. which
2014-17题 One of the boys kept laughing_________made Jane angry.
A. that B. which C. what D. why
2015-26题 This is the writer_________a lot of books was written.
A. by whom B. who C. by which D. whom
2015-27题 Finally, the thief handed to the police everything_________you have done.
A. that B. which C. how D. What
2017-20题 At the foot of the mountain is a small village, _________you can taste local food.
A. that B. where C. when D. which
2018-23题 This is my son，_________is interested in your school.
A. that B. who C. which D. what
2019-21题 He is the person_________ I can turn to when I need help.
A. whom B. to whom C. who D. on whom
2021-24题 Peter didn't come to the party，_________disappointed us.
A. that B. who C. what D. which
单句语法填空
1. China put a satellite (卫星) above the moon in a spot_________it could send signals to the earth.
2. In ancient China lived an artist_________paintings were almost lifelike.
3. Now lrene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop,_________she opened with her late husband Les.
4. They try not to cry in a public place or in front of children _________haven't grown up.
5. The cupboards in_________many small things are stored，should have strong doors.
6. Clothes_________cost more money don't always mean they are better made.
7. She wears the same kind of clothes_________her sister does.
8. Do you know the reason_________he was late
9. I will give you such information_________will help you.
10. Are you going to Helen's birthday party_________will be held on Friday evening
11. I like the house _________windows face the south.
12. She heard a terrible noise, _________made her very frightened.
13._________is known to all, he is an excellent scientist.
14. This is the writer by_________a lot of books were written.
15. They were well trained by their masters_________had great experience with caring for these animals.
16. But Sarah, _________has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
17. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,
_________ was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit.
18. I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River_________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.
19. BMl is a measurement tool_________gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
20. There, lying in the muddy riverbed was a little dog,_________front legs were tightly tied
with ropes.
参考答案 第十二章
（三）关系代词的用法 —— 随堂精练
用关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 或 / 填空。
1. The student who / that answered the questions was Zhang Hua.
2. The woman whom / who / that / / we met yesterday is very famous in our city.
3. I know the girl whose parents are doctors.
4. Here is the pen which / that / you lost the day before yesterday.
5. The earthquake which / that hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
（四）关系代词只能用 that 的情况（填空）
1. He did all that he could to help me.
2. This is the very thing that I am after.
3. We talked about the men and the things that we remembered at school.
4. He is the only man that can do the work.
5. This is the first thing that I want to say.
6. He is the finest man that I have ever worked with.
7. Who is the man that spoke to you at the gate
8. Which is the star that is nearest to the earth
（五）介词 + 关系代词
1. This is the house in which / where he once lived.
2. The man with whom you talked yesterday is my brother.
3. Edison made a lot of inventions which / that are of great importance.
4. I am reading Harry Potter, which is an interesting book.
5. This is the farm on which / where we grew up when we were young.
答案：C (on which)
6. Do you know the man with whom my father is talking
答案：D (with whom)
（六）关系副词的用法
1. I will remember the days when we had a good time together.
2. I will remember the day which / that / we spent together.
3. I like the park where we play football together.
4. I like the park which / that / we visited yesterday.
（七）关于 as
1. As is known to all, Lu Xun is a famous writer.
2. This is the same book as I lost last week.
历年真题
2013-19题
He invited us to dinner, which was very kind of him.
答案：D. which
2014-17题
One of the boys kept laughing, which made Jane angry.
答案：B. which
2015-26题
This is the writer by whom a lot of books was written.
答案：A. by whom
2015-27题
Finally, the thief handed to the police everything that you have done.
答案：A. that
2017-20题
At the foot of the mountain is a small village, where you can taste local food.
答案：B. where
2018-23题
This is my son, who is interested in your school.
答案：B. who
2019-21题
He is the person to whom I can turn to when I need help.
答案：B. to whom
2021-24题
Peter didn’t come to the party, which disappointed us.
答案：D. which
单句语法填空
1. where
2. whose
3. which
4. who / that
5. which
6. that / which
7. as
8. why
9. as
10. which
11. whose
12. which
13. As
14. whom
15. who / that
16. who
17. which
18. which / that
19. that / which
20. whose
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