资源简介

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
　　　(语法项目——复习定语从句)
语境中体悟
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 500 books①that/which included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare②.But his best－known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that/which gave him the ability to explore future worlds③ and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past④.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born⑤ on 2nd January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6th April, 1992, when he died⑥ as a result of an HIV infection that/which he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier⑦.
[语法入门]
句①是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词an American scientist and writer；
句②是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词books；
句③是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an extraordinary imagination；
句④是“介词＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an amazing mind;
句⑤是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；
句⑥是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语；
句⑦是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an HIV infection。
学案中理清
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语，修饰主句的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。
一、关系代词的用法-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 作宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/which) 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
which 物 作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 作主语、宾语
2.只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all、 much、 little、 something、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only、 the very (恰恰，正好)、 the last、 all、 no、 few、 little、 any等修饰时。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的3点区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、 hear、 know、 expect、 remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
[对点练]
(1)单句语法填空
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ____________ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
②(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special－occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer－term rental period.
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route __________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
④(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, __________ Rachel Carson says　in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
⑤(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast－paced development of modern life, with 21st－century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
⑥On the 1,100－kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, __________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
⑦BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
⑧Rome can be pricey for travelers, __________ is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
(2)完成句子
⑨First, ________________________________________________________________ —
the Forest Park is not far away from the center of the city.
首先，我们决定去参观的地方——森林公园离市中心并不远。
⑩From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge ______________________________.
从这次的经历中我学到，质疑可以成为帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。
This is the very book _______________________________________________________.
这正是我在找的那本书。
Those ____________________ could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。
二、关系副词的用法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
关系副词 先行词 句法功能 转换为“介词＋关系代词”
when 表示时间的名词：time、 day、 year等 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/during which
where 表示场所的名词：park、 place、 　　country、 house等 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/on which
why 表示理由或原因的名词：reason 作原因状语 ＝for which
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
|名|师|点|津|　当先行词为situation、 case、 stage、 point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系副词用where。
He has reached the point where a change is needed.
他已经到需要改变的地步了。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States.Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, __________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free－range, and central heating doesn't exist.
②(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, __________ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co－existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age－old fables.
③Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, ________ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
④My life as a tax－paying employed person began in middle school, __________， for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
⑤Some university students carried out a campaign __________ they spent their whole day without cell phones.
⑥Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, __________ he gave it to his grandson.
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句----------------------------------------------------------
构成 句法功能 用法指津
名词(代词)＋介词＋关系代词 作主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词(形容词最高级)＋of＋关系代词 作主语 数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋关系代词 作状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
介词＋关系代词＋名词 作状语 关系代词常用which和whose
介词＋where/when 作状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when前加介词from或to
Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Professor Smith, for __________ work matters most, is devoted to his research work.
②Many lessons are now available online, ________ which students can choose for free.
③She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction __________ which had taken more than three years.
④Reading has a lot of advantages, ________________________________________.读书有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。
⑤The teachers of our school, ______________________________________， have devoted themselves to us.
我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们的一切都奉献给了我们。
应用中融通
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．This is the longest train __________ I have ever seen.
2．In the past few years, he has collected a lot of ancient coins, most of __________ date back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3．Data shows that kids and teens __________ do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home.
4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．Such people __________ were mentioned in his book do not really exist.
6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of __________ are family members.
7．The reason __________ I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and I have to stay with him that day.
8．Tom's best memory is of last year, ________ the club gave a dancing party for his birthday.
Ⅱ.用恰当的关系词完成下面短文
There was a time ①__________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason ②__________ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, ③__________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, ④__________ teacher was a famous professor, communicated with me face to face, from ⑤__________ I gained some useful instructions.He also introduced me to a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ⑥__________ we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, ⑦__________ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into ⑧__________ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through ⑨__________ I can memorize a large number of new words.
⑩__________ our English teacher says, “As long as you have the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
1．Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
现在，当我与偏爱直接风格的美国人交谈时，我发现我经常无法直奔主题。
★preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物
|用|法|感|知|
·As far as I'm concerned, I have a preference for the interesting stories behind it.
就我而言，我更喜欢它背后有趣的故事。
·(“亲子关系”主题佳句)The teenagers think their parents don't understand them so they prefer to talk to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems.
青少年认为他们的父母不理解自己，所以他们更喜欢和朋友交谈而不是告诉父母自己的问题。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have a preference for　　　 偏爱；喜爱
in preference to 优先于
(2)prefer vt. 更喜欢
prefer (doing) sth. 更喜欢(做)某事
prefer (sb.) to do sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事
prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)……胜过喜欢(做)……
宁愿做……而不愿意做……
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①__________ (prefer) will be given to graduates of this university.
②I usually choose Chinese food in preference __________ Western food.
③Having been exposed to abstract art too often, he gradually developed a preference __________ it.
(2)一句多译
简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。
④Jane is a quiet girl, _________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
(prefer to ...rather than ...)
⑤Jane is a quiet girl, __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
(would rather ...than ...)
⑥Jane is a quiet girl, __________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________.
(prefer ...to ...)
2．Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others ...
那些触犯了别人的忌讳的人可能会感到沮丧或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害别人……
★embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
|用|法|感|知|
·(“心理描写”佳句)When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous and embarrassed.
当轮到他发表演讲时，他走到了麦克风前，既紧张又窘迫。
·(“心理描写”佳句)He felt as if the whole world was watching him, and he could not hide his embarrassment.
他觉得整个世界都在看着他，他无法掩饰他的窘迫。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be embarrassed at/about　 对……感到为难/尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的
(2)embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难
It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人窘迫
(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪
to one's embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①One day, this approach threw me into ________ (embarrass)．
②The more __________ (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.
③He was embarrassed __________ being the centre of attention.
④He told a rather rude joke, and everyone present looked __________ (embarrass)．
(2)完成句子
⑤______________________________ the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.
再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我曾误会过他。
⑥____________________， she realized that everyone was staring at her.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。
★intention n．意图，计划
|用|法|感|知|
·(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Last weekend, I took part in an event with an intention of learning more about daily biology.
上周末，我参加了一个活动，目的是学习更多关于日常生物学的知识。
·(“活动介绍”佳句)The campaign is intended to educate the public to protect the environment.
这项活动旨在教育公众保护环境。
·(“邀请”类佳句)A wide variety of activities which are intended for international students are going to be held in our school.
面向国际学生，我们学校将举办各种丰富多彩的活动。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算；无意做某事
with the intention of　　 怀着……的意图
with good intention 好意地；好心
without intention 无意地；非故意地
by intention 故意
(2)intend vi.& vt. 打算；计划；想要
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
had intended to do sth.
＝intended to have done sth. 本来打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend sth.for ... 为……准备某物
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping __________ (intend) clear.
②The activity is intended __________ (expose) students to a wide range of English reading materials.
③They had intended to go into the country for the day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
→They ____________________ into the country for the day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
3．This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”．
这是因为在中文中，与“umbrella (伞)”对应的词的发音和另一个表示“分离”的词(散)的发音很像。
★correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信
|用|法|感|知|
·We have too many high－sounding words, and too few actions that correspond to/with them.
我们夸夸其谈的话太多，与之对应的行动却太少。
·(写作增分句)What we say should be in correspondence with what we do.
我们应该言行一致。
[归纳点拨]
(1)correspond with/to ... 与……一致/相符/相类似
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
(2)correspondence n. 通信；一致，符合
in correspondence with ... 与……通信；和……一致
hold/keep up correspondence with (sb.) 与(某人)保持通信联系
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The reality does not always correspond __________ one's expectations.
②I want to figure out why his answer to the question is not in __________ (correspond) with mine.
③______________________________， but I have never met him in the flesh.(correspond)
我已和他通信联系好几年了，但一直未与他本人见过面。
4．Some behaviour that was not tolerated before might be accepted now.
一些以前不被容忍的行为现在也可能被接受。
★tolerate vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受
|用|法|感|知|
·A true friend is one who overlooks your failures and tolerates your shortcomings.
真正的朋友是宽容你的失败并容忍你的缺点的人。
·Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
她没有责怪那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，并让他走了。
归纳点拨 (1)tolerate (doing) sth.　 容忍/容许(做)某事 (2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的 be tolerant of ... 对……宽容；容忍…… (3)tolerance n. 容忍 show tolerance towards sb. 　　 容忍某人
联想发散 表示“容忍，忍受”的单词或短语还有：bear、 stand、 put up with等。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I couldn't tolerate ____________________ (interrupt) when I was editing my book.
②We must learn to be tolerant __________ different cultures especially when we live in a multi－cultural society.
③As a teacher, you need to show tolerance __________ your students' carelessness in study.
④I can't ________________________________________________________________ in public.
我不能容忍在公共场合被嘲笑。
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
语法专题突破
学案中理清 　
一、①which　②which　③which/that　④as　⑤which/that ⑥who　⑦that/which　⑧which ⑨the place (which/that) we've decided to visit
⑩that/which helps us to seek the truth that I am looking for　 who survived the floods
二、①where　②where　③where　④when　⑤where　⑥when
三、①whom　②from　③of
④one of which is that it helps you develop reading skills
⑤most of whom are in their thirties
应用中融通 　
Ⅰ.1.that　2.which　3.who　4.whose　5.as　6.whom 7．why　8.when
Ⅱ.①when　②why　③where　④whose　⑤which
⑥that/which/不填　⑦who　⑧which　⑨which　⑩As
新知深化学习
1．①Preference　②to　③for
④who prefers to stay in the library rather than go to see a movie
⑤who would rather stay in the library than go to see a movie
⑥who prefers staying in the library to going to see a movie
2．★①embarrassment　②embarrassing　③at/about ④embarrassed　
⑤It embarrassed me to meet ⑥Much to her embarrassment
★①intention　②to expose　③intended to have gone
3．①to/with　②correspondence ③I have corresponded with him for some years
4．①being interrupted　②of　③towards
④tolerate/stand/bear/put up with being laughed at(共100张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Grammar and usage
(语法项目——复习定语从句)
目 录
NO.1 语法专题突破
NO.2 新知深化学习
课时检测
语法专题突破
NO.1
语境中体悟
Isaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 500 books①that/which included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about Shakespeare②.But his best－known work was his science fiction stories.Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that/which gave him the ability to explore future worlds③ and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything in the present and the past④.
Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born⑤ on 2nd January, 1920.It ended in New York on 6th April, 1992, when he died⑥ as a result of an HIV infection that/which he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier⑦.
[语法入门]
句①是关系代词who引导的定语从句，修饰指人的先行词an American scientist and writer；
句②是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词books；
句③是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an extraordinary imagination；
句④是“介词＋关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an amazing mind;
句⑤是关系副词where引导的定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；
句⑥是关系副词when引导的定语从句，when在从句中作时间状语；
句⑦是关系代词that/which 引导的定语从句，修饰指物的先行词an HIV infection。
学案中理清
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语，修饰主句的某个成分。定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句(与主句之间用逗号隔开)两种。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词＋关系代词或关系副词＋从句。关系词有三大作用：指代先行词；引导定语从句；在从句中充当句子成分。
一、关系代词的用法　
1．关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 先行词 句法功能
who 人 作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 作宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (＝of whom/which) 人或物 作定语
that 人或物 作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
which 物 作主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
as 人或物 作主语、宾语
2.只用that而不用which的情况
(1)先行词是不定代词all、 much、 little、 something、 everything、 anything、 nothing、 none等或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？你有什么要为自己说的吗？
(2)先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only、 the very (恰恰，正好)、 the last、 all、 no、 few、 little、 any等修饰时。
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。
This is the only thing that we can do now.
这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
(3)先行词既有人又有物时。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就为我们所有人所钦佩。
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市了。
(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁？
3．which与as引导非限制性定语从句时的3点区别
which as
位置上 只能放在主句 的后面 位置灵活，可位于句首、句中，也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、 hear、 know、 expect、 remember等
意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
[对点练]　
(1)单句语法填空
①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, ______ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
②(2025·浙江1月高考)Tanya is also looking beyond special－occasion dresses to less formal clothing, ________ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer－term rental period.
which
which
③(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ___________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
④(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___ Rachel Carson says　in “A Fable for Tomorrow”．
which/that
as
⑤(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place __________ welcomes the fast－paced development of modern life, with 21st－century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
⑥On the 1,100－kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ______ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
which/that
who
⑦BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool __________ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.
⑧Rome can be pricey for travelers, _______ is why many choose to stay in a hostel (旅社)．
that/which
which
(2)完成句子
⑨First, ________________________________________ — the Forest Park is not far away from the center of the city.
首先，我们决定去参观的地方——森林公园离市中心并不远。
⑩From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge _________________________________.
从这次的经历中我学到，质疑可以成为帮助我们寻求真理的桥梁。
the place (which/that) we've decided to visit
that/which helps us to seek the truth
This is the very book ____________________.
这正是我在找的那本书。
Those ______________________ could hardly believe what had happened.
那些在洪水中幸存下来的人很难相信所发生的事情。
that I am looking for
who survived the floods
二、关系副词的用法　
关系副词 先行词 句法功能 转换为“介词
＋关系代词”
when 表示时间的名词： time、 day、 year等 作时间状语 ＝at/in/on/
during which
where 表示场所的名词： park、 place、 　　 country、 house等 作地点状语 ＝in/at/to/
on which
why 表示理由或原因 的名词：reason 作原因状语 ＝for which
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
|名|师|点|津|
当先行词为situation、 case、 stage、 point等表示抽象意义的词，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，关系副词用where。
He has reached the point where a change is needed.
他已经到需要改变的地步了。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空)
①(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States.Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, _________ bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free－range, and central heating doesn't exist.
where
②(2023·全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co－existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age－old fables.
③Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, _______ the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing.
where
where
④My life as a tax－paying employed person began in middle school, _______, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
⑤Some university students carried out a campaign _______ they spent their whole day without cell phones.
⑥Mr Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s, _______ he gave it to his grandson.
when
where
when
三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句　
构成 句法功能 用法指津
名词(代词)＋ 介词＋关系代词 作主语 可转化为“whose＋名词”结构
数词(形容词最高级) ＋of＋关系代词 作主语 数词还可以被some、 many、 most、 each等不定代词替换
介词(短语)＋ 关系代词 作状语 关系代词只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可与关系副词互换
续表　
介词＋关系代词＋ 名词 作状语 关系代词常用which和whose
介词＋where/when 作状语 有时为了表达清楚，还可以在where/when前加介词from或to
Recently, I bought an ancient vase, the price of which was very reasonable.
最近，我买了一个古代花瓶，它的价格很合理。
He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is very clever.他有十个表兄弟，最小的那个很聪明。
We are looking for the person to whom the book belongs.
我们正在寻找这本书的主人。
Lily might possibly come, in which case I'll ask her.
莉莉可能会来，要是那样的话我就去问她。
There is a big window in my room, from where I can see the railway station.
我的房间有一个大窗户，透过它我可以看到火车站。
[对点练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Professor Smith, for _______ work matters most, is devoted to his research work.
②Many lessons are now available online, _______ which students can choose for free.
③She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction ___which had taken more than three years.
whom
from
of
④Reading has a lot of advantages, __________________________
___________________.读书有很多益处，其中之一是它有助于你培养阅读技巧。
⑤The teachers of our school, ______________________________, have devoted themselves to us.
我们学校里的老师，大多数都是三十多岁，把他们的一切都奉献给了我们。
one of which is that it helps you
most of whom are in their thirties
develop reading skills
Ⅰ.用适当的关系词填空
1．This is the longest train ______ I have ever seen.
2．In the past few years, he has collected a lot of ancient coins, most of ______ date back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
3．Data shows that kids and teens ______ do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home.
that
which
应用中融通
who
4．In 1963, the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
5．Such people ___ were mentioned in his book do not really exist.
6．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of ________ are family members.
whose
as
whom
7．The reason ______ I won't be available at that time is that my grandfather fell ill suddenly yesterday and I have to stay with him that day.
8．Tom's best memory is of last year, ______ the club gave a dancing party for his birthday.
why
when
Ⅱ.用恰当的关系词完成下面短文
There was a time ①________ I was tired of learning English and disliked speaking English.And this was the reason ② ________ my father forced me to join in a 30－day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, ③ ________ I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, ④ ________ teacher was a famous professor, communicated with me face to face, from ⑤ ________ I gained some useful instructions.
when
why
where
whose
which
He also introduced me to a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities ⑥_______________we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, ⑦_____ encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into ⑧______ I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through ⑨______ I can memorize a large number of new words.
that/which/不填
who
which
which
⑩_____ our English teacher says, “As long as you have the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”
As
新知深化学习
NO.2
1．Now, when speaking to Americans, who have a preference for the direct style, I found that I often failed to get straight to the point.
现在，当我与偏爱直接风格的美国人交谈时，我发现我经常无法直奔主题。
★preference n．偏爱；偏爱的事物
|用|法|感|知|
·As far as I'm concerned, I have a preference for the interesting stories behind it.
就我而言，我更喜欢它背后有趣的故事。
·(“亲子关系”主题佳句)The teenagers think their parents don't understand them so they prefer to talk to their friends rather than tell their parents their problems.
青少年认为他们的父母不理解自己，所以他们更喜欢和朋友交谈而不是告诉父母自己的问题。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have a preference for　　　 偏爱；喜爱
in preference to 优先于
(2)prefer vt.　　　　　　　　 更喜欢
prefer (doing) sth. 更喜欢(做)某事
prefer (sb.) to do sth. 宁愿(某人)做某事
prefer (doing) sth.to (doing) sth. 喜欢(做)……胜过喜欢(做)……
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①___________ (prefer) will be given to graduates of this university.
②I usually choose Chinese food in preference ____ Western food.
③Having been exposed to abstract art too often, he gradually developed a preference ____ it.
Preference
to
for
(2)一句多译
简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。
④Jane is a quiet girl, ______________________________________
_______________.(prefer to ...rather than ...)
⑤ Jane is a quiet girl, _____________________________________
________________.(would rather ...than ...)
⑥Jane is a quiet girl, ______________________________________
_____________.(prefer ...to ...)
who prefers to stay in the library rather than
go to see a movie
who would rather stay in the library than
go to see a movie
who prefers staying in the library to going
to see a movie
2．Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others ...
那些触犯了别人的忌讳的人可能会感到沮丧或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害别人……
★embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的
|用|法|感|知|
·(“心理描写”佳句)When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous and embarrassed.当轮到他发表演讲时，他走到了麦克风前，既紧张又窘迫。
·(“心理描写”佳句)He felt as if the whole world was watching him, and he could not hide his embarrassment.他觉得整个世界都在看着他，他无法掩饰他的窘迫。
[归纳点拨]
(1)be embarrassed at/about　 对……感到为难/尴尬
embarrassing adj. 令人困窘的
(2)embarrass vt. 使窘迫，使尴尬；使为难
It embarrasses/embarrassed sb.to do sth. 做某事使某人窘迫
(3)embarrassment n. 困窘，难堪
to one's embarrassment 令某人感到困窘的是
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①One day, this approach threw me into _______________ (embarrass)．
②The more _____________ (embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.
③He was embarrassed _________ being the centre of attention.
④He told a rather rude joke, and everyone present looked ____________ (embarrass)．
embarrassment
embarrassing
at/about
embarrassed
(2)完成句子
⑤_________________________the young man again, for I had misunderstood him.
再次见到这个年轻人让我感到尴尬，因为我曾误会过他。
⑥_________________________, she realized that everyone was staring at her.令她感到非常困窘的是，她意识到大家都在盯着她看。
It embarrassed me to meet
Much to her embarrassment
★intention n．意图，计划
|用|法|感|知|
·(2023·浙江1月高考写作)Last weekend, I took part in an event with an intention of learning more about daily biology.
上周末，我参加了一个活动，目的是学习更多关于日常生物学的知识。
·(“活动介绍”佳句)The campaign is intended to educate the public to protect the environment.
这项活动旨在教育公众保护环境。
·(“邀请”类佳句)A wide variety of activities which are intended for international students are going to be held in our school.
面向国际学生，我们学校将举办各种丰富多彩的活动。
[归纳点拨]
(1)have no intention of doing sth. 没有做某事的打算；无意做某事
with the intention of　　 怀着……的意图
with good intention 好意地；好心
without intention 无意地；非故意地
by intention 故意
(2)intend vi.& vt. 打算；计划；想要
intend to do/doing sth. 打算做某事
had intended to do sth.＝intended to have done sth.
本来打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth. 打算让某人做某事
intend sth.for ... 为……准备某物
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/句型转换)
①Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping ___________ (intend) clear.
②The activity is intended ___________ (expose) students to a wide range of English reading materials.
intention
to expose
③They had intended to go into the country for the day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
→They _____________________ into the country for the day, but were put off by the traffic jams.
intended to have gone
3．This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”．
这是因为在中文中，与“umbrella (伞)”对应的词的发音和另一个表示“分离”的词(散)的发音很像。
★correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信
|用|法|感|知|
·We have too many high－sounding words, and too few actions that correspond to/with them.
我们夸夸其谈的话太多，与之对应的行动却太少。
·(写作增分句)What we say should be in correspondence with what we do.
我们应该言行一致。
[归纳点拨]
(1)correspond with/to ... 与……一致/相符/相类似
correspond with sb. 与某人通信
(2)correspondence n. 通信；一致，符合
in correspondence with ... 与……通信；和……一致
hold/keep up correspondence with (sb.)
与(某人)保持通信联系
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The reality does not always correspond _______ one's expectations.
②I want to figure out why his answer to the question is not in ______________ (correspond) with mine.
③ ________________________________________, but I have never met him in the flesh.(correspond)
我已和他通信联系好几年了，但一直未与他本人见过面。
to/with
correspondence
I have corresponded with him for some years
4．Some behaviour that was not tolerated before might be accepted now.
一些以前不被容忍的行为现在也可能被接受。
★tolerate vt.容许，允许；忍受，容忍；能经受
|用|法|感|知|
·A true friend is one who overlooks your failures and tolerates your shortcomings.
真正的朋友是宽容你的失败并容忍你的缺点的人。
·Instead of blaming the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
她没有责怪那个打碎了花瓶的孩子，而是给了他一个宽容的微笑，并让他走了。
归纳点拨 (1)tolerate (doing) sth.　容忍/容许(做)某事
(2)tolerant adj. 容忍的；宽容的
be tolerant of ...对……宽容；容忍……
(3)tolerance n. 容忍
show tolerance towards sb. 　　容忍某人
联想发散 表示“容忍，忍受”的单词或短语还有：bear、 stand、 put up with等。
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I couldn't tolerate _________________ (interrupt) when I was editing my book.
②We must learn to be tolerant ____ different cultures especially when we live in a multi－cultural society.
being interrupted
of
③As a teacher, you need to show tolerance _________ your students' carelessness in study.
④I can't __________________________________________ in public.
我不能容忍在公共场合被嘲笑。
towards
tolerate/stand/bear/put up with being laughed at
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
What people say is only one aspect of good communication.Good listening skills and body language are also important for us to effectively communicate with others.Effective communication involves more than talking to a person.How things are said, words are chosen and tones are adopted are all aspects of good communication.
Body language, a common form of non－verbal communication, can support what a speaker is saying.Studies have shown that of the information that is received from other people, only 10% is from what they say and 40% is from the tone and speed of their voice.The other 50% is obtained from their body language.Reading body language is part of developing social skills.
Some professionals, such as lawyers, governmental security officers and doctors on mental problems, learn to read every type of body language of others to help in their jobs.They look for specific signs, while the average person reads some body language subconsciously (下意识地)．Body language can involve one aspect such as the eyes, or the use of different body parts.Where the body is positioned in relation to another person or at a table is another piece in communicating what the person is feeling.Troubles may arise when body language is misunderstood.
Good listening skills clear the way to a clear message while bad listening skills create barriers which can confuse or stop the message.Good listeners can use body language by nodding occasionally to show interest and understanding, make eye contact with the speaker, repeat some of the words and feelings, and summarize what they have heard.All these can avoid communication troubles.
Poor listeners rarely communicate effectively.Barriers they commonly use may include: interruptions, inappropriate humor, judgments, criticisms, and unrelated questions.People who are attempting to communicate with a person who continually throws out barriers will often stop talking and they even get angry as they feel misunderstood and frustrated.Healthy－minded people are able to communicate with others effectively by avoiding these barriers.They are able to let their partners know what they want regularly and clearly.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了有效的沟通不仅仅是与人交谈，良好的倾听技巧和肢体语言也很重要。
1．What can we learn from the first paragraph
A．Speakers usually pay little attention to what they said and what words and tones they use.
B．Good communication means talking to a person effectively with right tones and speed.
C．Body language and listening skills are highly involved in successful communication.
D．The manner of communication is determined by the listener rather than the speaker.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Good listening skills and body language are also important for us to effectively communicate with others.”可知，肢体语言和倾听技巧是成功沟通的关键。
2．According to the studies, body language________.
A．makes up 40% of the information received from communication
B．sometimes leads people to misunderstand what others have said
C．can remind the listeners of what the speakers are actually expressing
D．can only be correctly read by people with excellent social skills
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The other 50% is obtained from their body language.”可知，肢体语言可以提醒听者说话人实际想表达的意思。
3．Which of the following reactions of a listener may create difficulties in communication
A．Making a summary of what he has heard.
B．Repeating the speaker's words and ideas.
C．Showing his feelings to the speaker.
D．Bringing in an unrelated topic suddenly.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，不善倾听的人很少能有效地沟通，他们常用的障碍包括：打断、不恰当的幽默、判断、批评和不相干的问题。故D项“突然引入一个无关的话题”可能会造成沟通困难。
4．What's the author's purpose of writing this text
A．To emphasize that communication involves more than talking.
B．To introduce different types of non－verbal communication.
C．To suggest ways to effectively communicate with others.
D．To discuss the different effects of good and poor listening skills.
√
解析：写作意图题。通读全文并结合第一段中的“What people say is only one aspect of good communication.”及“Effective communication involves more than talking to a person.”可知，本文的写作目的是强调交流不仅仅包括言语交流。
Ⅱ.完形填空
I am often asked how I learned to speak Chinese fluently. __5__，as a native English speaker, learning to speak in tones was the__6__part about learning Chinese for me.To__7__the tones, I lived in Shanghai for 6 months.Once I wanted to buy a__8__for my mother.Unluckily, the words for “horse” and “mother” are only differentiated by a__9__tone.When I told the store clerk I wanted to buy a gift for my “horse”，she looked at me like I had lost my__10__.In the end, she__11__what I was trying to say, but it was a bit of a struggle.After that, I learned the__12__between the two tones.
After returning to England, I bought a web camera and found myself a language__13__by going to , where I met a native speaker willing to help me learn Chinese.Together, we__14__speaking Chinese for a few hours per week. __15__， I not only mastered my tones but learned to speak more__16__， just like a native speaker.
In my__17__， when studying Chinese in an English－speaking environment, my classmates and I often made a__18__of the tones when speaking to one another.In fact, in a Chinese－speaking environment, the __19__interaction is of great importance for fluency, and it separates the amateurs (业余爱好者) from the experts.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者学习中文的经历。作者认为学习中文最难的部分是区分声调，为此还发生了一个小误会。
解析：根据上文“I am often asked how I learned to speak Chinese fluently.”以及下文“about learning Chinese for me”可知，作者虽然如今汉语说得很流利了，但是实际上也遇到过困难。
5．A.Hopefully　　　　　　　 B．Actually
C．Surprisingly D．Similarly
√
解析：根据下文“part about learning Chinese for me”以及作者去商店买礼物，因为声调不同导致了误解可知，作者认为学习汉语最难的部分是学会说话的声调。
6．A.main B．best
C．basic D．hardest
√
解析：根据下文“the tones, I lived in Shanghai for 6 months”可知，作者去上海是为了学习声调。
7．A.learn B．match
C．lower D．record
√
解析：根据下文“I wanted to buy a gift for my ‘horse’”可知，作者想要给母亲买礼物。
8．A.horse B．camera
C．gift D．dictionary
√
解析：根据上文“‘horse’ and ‘mother’”以及常识可知，这两个词只有一个声调的区别。
9．A.soft B．formal
C．single D．pleasant
√
解析：根据上文“I wanted to buy a gift for my ‘horse’”可知，店员听到作者要给“马”买礼物，以为作者疯了。lose one's mind表示“失去理智”。
10．A.mind B．balance
C．interest D．confidence
√
解析：根据下文“what I was trying to say, but it was a bit of a struggle”可知，店员最后理解了作者的话。
11．A.agreed with B．worked out
C．focused on D．brought up
√
解析：根据上文“‘horse’ and ‘mother’ are only differentiated by a”可知，经过这件事，作者知道了这两种声调的区别。
12．A.clue B．difference
C．issue D．importance
√
解析：根据下文“where I met a native speaker willing to help me learn Chinese”可知，作者在网上找到了一个语言伙伴。
13．A.test B．learner
C．magazine D．partner
√
解析：根据上文“where I met a native speaker willing to help me learn Chinese”可知，找语言伙伴的目的就是练习中文，此处指他们每周一起练习说几个小时的中文。
14．A.suggested B．considered
C．practiced D．avoided
√
解析：上文提到他们每周一起练习说几个小时的中文，结果就是作者的中文说得流利了。
15．A.As a rule B．At times
C．As a result D．At first
√
解析：根据下文“just like a native speaker”可知，作者的中文说得流利了，像一个母语人士一样。
16.A.fluently B．openly
C．meaningfully D．slowly
√
17．A.heart B．dream
C．power D．experience
√
解析：根据下文“when studying Chinese in an English－speaking environment, my classmates and I often made a_______of the tones when speaking to one another”可知，这是作者学习中文以后得出的经验之谈。
18．A.list B．mess
C．habit D．collection
√
解析：根据上文“in an English－speaking environment”可知，在一个说英语的环境中学习中文，因为大家的母语都是英语，所以作者和同学在彼此说话时经常弄混声调。
19．A.back－to－back B．eye－to－eye
C．knee－to－knee D．face－to－face
√
解析：根据上文“in a Chinese－speaking environment”可知，在说中文的环境中，身边都是说中文的人，因此是面对面的交流，对比上文提到的在说英语的环境中学习中文，身边都是说英语的人。
Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)(★)
“The Chinese language__20__ (become) popular among Lebanese students in the past five years，” says Antoine Hokayem, a professor and local director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Saint Joseph (USJ)．
“In the past, Lebanese students used to register for the Chinese language as an__21__ (elect) course.Today, we receive students from the USJ and other universities who aim to learn the language to either work in China __22__continue their education in the East Asian countries，” Hokayem said on the occasion of the 15th anniversary of the establishment of the institute.
Engineering and telecommunication students are among the people who are most interested in the language as they aim__23__ (continue) their higher education in China.Other students attend the institute's courses with the intention of providing__24__ (assist) for their parents who are engaged __25__trade activities with Chinese partners.
“We have small children who learn the language and speak__26__ (fluent) with their Chinese teachers.More than half of our students now come from outside our university.”
__27__ (found) in 2006 through a partnership between China's Shenyang Normal University and the USJ, the Confucius Institute at the USJ was
selected as one of the__28__ (good) Confucius Institutes in the world for its cultural and social activities.In recent years, the institute has held lectures__29__cover topics including China's economy and cultural values as well as Peking Opera and the Belt and Road Initiative.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇新闻报道。在过去的几年里，黎巴嫩的学生掀起了一股学习中文的热潮。
20．has become　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。根据时间状语“in the past five years”可知，时态用现在完成时；又因主语The Chinese language 为第三人称单数，且与become之间是主动关系，故填has become。
21．elective　考查形容词。空前是不定冠词an，空后是名词，空处应用形容词修饰名词，故填elective“选修的，可选择的”。
22．or　考查连词。此处为either ...or ...结构，意为“或者……或者……”。
23．to continue　考查非谓语动词。aim to do意为“力求达到”，为固定用法，故填to continue。
24．assistance　考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词作providing的宾语，故填assistance。
25．in　考查介词。be engaged in意为“从事”，为固定短语，故填in。
26．fluently　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词修饰动词speak，故填 fluently。
27．Founded　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语，且found与其逻辑主语the Confucius Institute之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语；空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Founded。
28．best　考查形容词最高级。根据句意和空前定冠词“the”可知，此处应用形容词最高级修饰名词，故填 best。
29．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是lectures，且从句中缺少主语，故填that/which。UNIT 2　课时检测(二)　“Reading”的新知学习环节
第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(7分)
(1)With the development of the Internet, less communication will be done by regular __________ (邮件)．
(2)Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant __________ (反馈) possible.
(3)Discouraged by the lack of strength, our team is seeking for some __________ (有能力的) members to join us.
(4)Hard－working and __________ (博学的), she is of great reputation in our school.
(5)In the final analysis, I think our __________ (同情) lies with the heroine of the play.
(6)Many of us are puzzled about the acting and the proper use of the __________ (语气)．
(7)Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can __________ (获得) experience for growth.
(二)单句语法填空(14分)
(8)It set off a chain __________ (react) in the international money markets.
(9)__________ (gentle), she took hold of the door handle and turned it.
(10)Make sure the firm is __________ (competence) to carry out the work.
(11)We seek to help every student discover the joy and fulfillment in the __________ (obtain) of knowledge.
(12)The result will help to predict some major and severe diseases and your preference for diet and remind you of __________ (suit) ways to exercise.
(13)He warned that his economic programme for the country was not __________ (negotiate)．
(14)Body language can give away a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms __________ (fold) can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
(三)选词填空(14分)
function as, move on, react to, approve of, be confused about, make adjustments to, account for
(15)How did you ________________________ our monitor's suggestion
(16)He could not ________________ his absence from school, so the teacher phoned his parents.
(17)People who ________________ the reform urged that education resources should be distributed among the members of society equally.
(18)The piece of music named Fate Symphony by Beethoven has inspired me a lot to ______________ when I am in difficulty.
(19)We must ________________________ our original plan because of emergencies.
(20)The museum is intended to ________________ an educational and study center.
(21)People __________________________ all the different labels on food these days.
(四)完成句子(共6空，12分)
(22)____________________， one is usually considered to be strong－willed and modest.(省略句)
如果一个人被比作竹子，人们通常认为他既坚韧又谦虚。
(23)Some experiments are difficult ______________________________.(while)
有一些实验很难，而另一些则很简单。
(24)We ________________________________________， when the weather may be better.(until)
我们将推迟到下周再去公园野餐，那时天气可能更好。
(25)Some classic works ____________________ joy and excitement, ________________________________.(not only ...but also ...)一些经典作品不仅给我们带来欢乐和兴奋，而且鼓励我们批判性地思考。
(26)______________________________， I would be very happy to help.(suppose that)
如果有任何需要，我都很乐意帮忙。
第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练
(标语篇配有教师讲评课件。选择题在答题区内作答，主观题在题后作答)
(一)阅读理解
We hear “Have a nice day！” every day and everywhere. It may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day” with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.
“Have a nice day. Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl in the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out of the door. The_words_come_out_in_the_same_tone_with_a_fixed_procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else's is the management's attempt to increase business.
The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expression saves us when we don't know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out I'm terribly sorry, but have a nice day.”
The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “Have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart－warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you.
Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. But in a strange and comfortable way, it's nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really don't care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
1．How does the author understand Maxie's words
A．Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.
B．Maxie really wishes the author a good day.
C．Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.
D．Maxie really worries about the author.
2．What does the sentence “The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure.” in paragraph 2 imply
A．The salesgirl is getting bored.
B．The salesgirl behaves rudely to the author.
C．The salesgirl cares about the author.
D．The salesgirl says the words as a routine.
3．By saying “Have a nice day”， the stranger may ________.
A．try to be good to you
B．express respect to you
C．give his blessing to you
D．share his pleasure with you
4．What does the author intend to highlight in the text
A．The importance of showing grave concern to people every day.
B．The mixed meaning of “Have a nice day！” being both sincere and empty.
C．The comforting feeling when strangers give friendly greetings.
D．Techniques for finishing dialogues with the phrase “Have a nice day！”
(二)完形填空()
It was the first time Moham had gone to a restaurant in his new neighborhood. He looked up at the menu board, and __5__ how he could understand what all of these strange names meant.
Moham decided that he would __6__ ask the waitress for ice cream in a cup. She smiled brightly, wrote down his __7__ and disappeared behind the big glass display case. A moment later, she came back with a tall paper cup. Above it was a long straw and some kind of drink. Moham, quite __8__， took the cup and thanked her, thinking about the __9__ that he had used wrong words.
“It's the soda you ordered，” she said, “an ice cream drink in a cup.”
He smiled at the waitress, pointed at one of the __10__ in the display case, and said, “That one, please，” which seemed to __11__ better.
Moham took the cake and his __12__ soda to a table and sat down to eat. Why was it that English had been so __13__ for him in his classes in Tunisia, but when it came to __14__ speaking, he couldn't even get what he wanted to eat
Just then, a girl, who sat at the next table and had watched the whole __15__， smiled at him and said, “Hey, welcome to our beautiful city! Don't feel __16__ about your English — you'll get better at it __17__ you've lived here for a while. I'm from Spain, and the first time I tried to order a salad here, I __18__ with a plate of chicken feet. At least you got a soda！”
Hearing this, Moham felt much better. He wasn't the only one __19__ to communicate, and his new city began to feel just a little more like he could call it home.
5．A.imagined　　　 B．Remembered C．wondered D．described
6．A.creatively B．Simply C．illegally D．regularly
7．A.wish B．Suggestion C．order D．dream
8．A.motivated B．Moved C．determined D．surprised
9．A.possibility B．Signal C．conclusion D．reality
10．A.cakes B．Salads C．drinks D．strawberries
11．A.spread B．Work C．develop D．read
12．A.advanced B．Wanted C．unexpected D．preferred
13．A.special B．Popular C．important D．easy
14．A.slowly B．Carefully C．actually D．honestly
15．A.process B．Discussion C．performance D．argument
16．A.crazy B．Hopeful C．confused D．excited
17．A.although B．If C．because D．since
18．A.came up B．cheered up C．showed up D．ended up
19．A.fighting B．Planning C．regretting D．refusing
(三)语法填空(15分)
With the development of our society, the 20.__________ (connect) between people becomes inevitable (不可避免的)．People need to communicate with others as long as they are in the world.As a result，the interpersonal relationship which is 21.__________ benefit to people's success is becoming increasingly important.Throughout human history, we can know that no one can do everything well and become 22.__________(success) alone.Most great men have a good relationship with other people.For many people, the interpersonal relationship and their abilities are 23.__________ (equal) important to their success.By 24.__________ (keep) a good relationship with others, people can easily get help from others when facing problems.In other words, excellent interpersonal communication skills can help people smooth out 25.__________ (difficulty) on the way to success.Besides, a good interpersonal relationship can help people live a happy life. 26.__________(create) a harmonious environment, people should keep a good relationship with the people 27.__________ keep company with them.These friendly people form 28.__________ happy atmosphere, which will make people work efficiently and put them in a good mood in daily life.It is certain that people 29.__________ (receive) happiness in the end.
(四)主题微写作(15分)(建议教师批阅)
假定你是李华，你的英国朋友罗伯特准备来中国学习，因此想了解一些中国人的肢体语言。请你用英语给他写封邮件，向他介绍一些日常的肢体语言。
答题区：
UNIT 2　课时检测(二)
第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练
(一)(1)mail　(2)feedback　(3)competent　(4)knowledgeable (5)sympathy　(6)tone　(7)gain
(二)(8)reaction　(9)Gently　(10)competent　(11)obtainment (12)suitable　
(13)negotiable　(14)folded
(三)(15)react to　(16)account for　(17)approved of (18)move on　(19)make adjustments to　
(20)function as　(21)are confused about
(四)(22)If compared to bamboo　(23)while others are easy　(24)will put off the picnic in the park until next week (25)not only offer us; but also encourage us to think critically
(26)Suppose that there is any demand
第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练
(一)阅读理解
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了“Have a nice day”这一表达的多重含义和使用场景。作者通过不同情境下的例子，说明了这句话有时是真诚的关心，有时则是机械化的社交礼仪。尽管在某些场合下这句话可能显得空洞无意义，但它仍然是人们日常交流中常见的一部分，能够帮助人们友好相处。
1．选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When my friend Maxie says ‘Have a nice day’ with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.”可知，作者知道Maxie 说这句话是真诚地关心自己。
2．选D　句意理解题。根据第二段中画线句后的解释可知，作者认为超市售货员说“Have a nice day”时的语气和方式是程序化，是出于工作要求，而不是真正关心。所以画线句指的是“售货员把这句话当作例行公事”。
3．选A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If a stranger says ‘Have a nice day’ to you, you may find it heart－warming because someone you don't know has tried to be nice to you.”可知，如果一个陌生人对你说“Have a nice day”，他应该是试图对你表示友好。
4．选B　主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是第一段中的“We hear ‘Have a nice day！’ every day and everywhere. It may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.”可知，文章通过不同场景展示了“Have a nice day”这句话既可以是真诚的关心，也可以是空洞的客套。所以在本文中作者意在强调这句话的双重含义。
(二)完形填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Moham在新社区的餐厅点餐时因语言障碍点错了饮料，但通过与服务员的再次沟通成功点到了蛋糕，并在邻桌女孩的鼓励下感到安慰。
5．选C　根据下文“how he could understand what all of these strange names meant”可推知，打算点餐的Moham是想知道如何才能理解菜单上这些奇怪名字的含义。
6．选B　根据下文“ask the waitress for ice cream in a cup”可推知，Moham决定仅向服务员要一杯冰淇淋，免去看不懂菜单的麻烦。
7．选C　根据上文“Moham decided that he would ________ ask the waitress for ice cream in a cup.”可知，Moham点了一杯冰淇淋，因此服务员是记下他点的餐。
8．选D　根据上文“Moham decided that he would ________ ask the waitress for ice cream in a cup.”和“Above it was a long straw and some kind of drink.”可知，Moham点了一杯冰淇淋，但得到的是某种饮料，因此他会感到惊讶。
9．选A　根据下文“that he had used wrong words”可推知，Moham觉得有可能是自己用错了词，导致得到的餐品与自己所点的不同。
10．选A　根据下文“Moham took the cake”可知，Moham拿了蛋糕，因此是指着展示柜里的一块蛋糕。
11．选B　根据上文“He smiled at the waitress, pointed at one of the ________ in the display case, and said, ‘That one, please，’”和下文“Moham took the cake”可知，Moham改变了点餐的方式，直接指着自己想要的东西，这种方式比之前的更奏效，即效果更好。
12．选C　根据上文“Moham decided that he would ________ ask the waitress for ice cream in a cup.”可知，Moham点了一杯冰淇淋，这杯苏打水是他意料之外的东西。
13．选D　根据下文表示转折的“but”和“he couldn't even get what he wanted to eat”可知，此处指他在突尼斯的英语课上觉得英语那么简单。
14．选C　根据上文叙述的Moham点冰淇淋却得到苏打水可知，此处指实际用英语说话的情况。
15．选A　根据上文语境可知，坐在隔壁桌的女孩是目睹了Moham点餐的整个过程。
16．选C　根据上文“Why was it that English had been so ________ for him in his classes in Tunisia, but when it came to ________ speaking, he couldn't even get what he wanted to eat？”可知，因为点单不顺，Moham开始对自己的英语使用产生怀疑，坐在隔壁桌的女孩是劝告Moham不用为自己的英语感到困惑。
17．选B　根据上文“you'll get better at it”和下文“you've lived here for a while”可知，前面为结果，后面为条件，女孩是告诉Moham如果在这里住一段时间，他的英语就会变得更好。
18．选D　根据上文“the first time I tried to order a salad here”和下文“with a plate of chicken feet”可推知，此处叙述女孩第一次点餐的经历，指她点的是沙拉，但最终得到的却是一盘鸡爪。end up with意为“以……结束，最终得到”。
19．选A　根据上文“I'm from Spain, and the first time I tried to order a salad here, I ________ with a plate of chicken feet.At least you got a soda！”可知，这位来自西班牙的女孩点餐的经历比Moham的还要糟糕，他们都面临着需要努力沟通的问题。fight to do sth.意为“努力做某事”。
(三)语法填空
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了良好的人际关系在当今社会的重要性。
20．connection　考查名词。根据句意和空前的“the”可知，空处应用名词，在句中作主语；根据“becomes”可知，空处应用名词的单数形式。
21．of　考查介词。be of benefit to意为“对……有益”，为固定搭配。
22．successful　考查形容词。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词，在become后作表语，故填successful。
23．equally　考查副词。分析句子可知，important为形容词，前面应用副词修饰。
24．keeping　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，By为介词，后面应用动名词作宾语，故填keeping。
25．difficulties　考查名词复数。分析句子可知，difficulty为可数名词，此处表示解决的不止一个困难，应用其复数形式。故填difficulties。
26．To create　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，句中有谓语动词keep，且句中无连词，空处应用非谓语动词；此处表目的，应用不定式作目的状语，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填To create。
27．who/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，指人，在从句中作主语，故填关系代词who/that。
28．a　考查冠词。atmosphere“气氛”为可数名词，句中泛指一种愉快的气氛，空处应用不定冠词，且happy以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。
29．will receive　考查动词时态。根据句意和句中“in the end”可知，句子陈述的是将来的事，应用一般将来时。
(四)参考范文：
Dear Robert，
I am glad to receive your email. Now I will tell you something about body language in China.
First, in China, we wave our hands to say “hello” or “goodbye”. Second, we usually greet our guests by shaking hands with them, but sometimes we may nod and smile. Third, when you are introduced to a Chinese group, they may greet you by clapping their hands. In addition, we nod our heads to say “yes” and shake our heads to say “no”. Finally, people will hold their thumbs up to praise a person if he does something great.
I hope the information will be helpful to you.
Yours，
Li Hua

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