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第十三章 名词性从句
一、定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子。
二、分类
1.主语从句； 2宾语从句； 3表语从句； 4同位语从句
三、连接词：引导名词性从句的词
（一）连接代词(从句缺成分)
who 人，主语；whoever无论谁
whom 人，宾语
whose 谁的，whose+名词，表从属关系
what 物，主宾表，什么，所...的，whatever无论什么
which 哪一个，有选择范围；whichever 无论哪一个
（二）连接副词(从句不缺成分)
表疑问 when（时间）；whenever无论何时
where（地点）；wherever无论在哪里
why（原因）
how（方式）；however无论怎样
表陈述 that无成分、意义；只起连接作用
表是否 whether；if；whether...or not是否(句末)
四、主语从句
（一）含义：从句谓语动词/系动词前，在复合句中作主语，一般位于句首
（二）考点：主语从句后置
概念：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句，而将真正的主语放在后面
*It+be动词+过去分词/形容词/名词+that从句
（1）That the earth is round is known to all.
It is known to all that the earth is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。
（2）That we should save water is important.
It is important that we/should save water. 节约用水很重要。
（3）That you missed the chance is a pity.
It is a pity that you missed the chance.你错过这次机会是个遗憾。
常见句型： It is said that... 据说...
It is reported that... 据报道...
It is believed that... 人们相信...
It is likely that... 很可能...
It is clear that... 显然...
四、宾语从句
（一）位置：在词、动词之后
（1）Tom said that he likes playing basketball.
（2）I will try to make up for what I have missed. 我想努力弥补我错过的东西。
（二）考点一：形式宾语it
主语+认知动词（find发现,think认为,consider 认为,believe 相信）+it+to do sth.
I think it important to learn English.
（三）考点二：虚以语气
主句含有：建议、命令、请求、要求、愿望、主张等意思时，后面的宾语从句用（should）do或 (should) be done的形式。
口诀： 一个坚持（insist）两个命令（order,command）
三个（suggest, propose,advise）四个要求（demand, require,request, ask）
①He asked we (should) get there before nine o' clock.
②He ordered that the work (should) be finished as soon as possible.
*insist表示“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气
The girl insisted that she hadn't stolen the bike. 那个女孩坚持说她没有偷自行车。
（四）考点三：宾语从句的陈述语序；连词+主+谓+其他成分
五、表语从句
（一）位置：位于系动词后；主语+系动词+表语从句
（二）引导词的说明：表”是否”时，只用whether不用if；as if/as though，because可以引导表语从句
（三）名词主语+be动词+that+表语从句
表事实真理、看法、观点的名词：idea, opinion建议，belief信仰，feeling感觉suggestion建议plan计划
The fact is that our team won the game.
六、同位语从句
（一）位置： 位于名词后，对名词进行解释说明，多由that引导。
*同位语从句的名词：idea主意，belief信仰，acts事实，problem问题，news 消息，新闻，promise
承诺，doubt 怀疑，words消息，evidence 证据，conclusion 结论，decision决定，thought 想法，suggestion/advice 建议，information信息，dream梦想order 命令
There is no doubt that he is an honest man.
（二）同位语从句与定语从句的区别
（1）若空前为普通名词，则为定语从句不同点
（2）若空前为抽象名词，从句缺成分，则为定语从句
（3）若空前为抽象名词，从句不缺成分，则为同位语从句
I have heard the news that he visited our factory
I have heard the news that he told you the other day.
七、只用whether 不用if的情况
（1）whether or not是否
（2）whether可引导所有的名词性从句，if只引导宾语从句
（3）介词/discuss后的宾语从句，用whether不用if
what在从句中要充当主语或宾语或表语，发现从句缺了成分，翻译又不顺畅，直接填what
1. _________he wants is a book.
2. This is _________we want to know.
3. _________he told us is true.
4. We should pay attention to _________the teacher is saying.
5. I have no idea_________ he did that afternoon.
考连词，做题靠翻译；不缺意思不缺成分填that；缺少主宾表语，翻译不顺畅就填what；其他的都按翻译缺什么意思填什么词
1. _________he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
2._________we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather .
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
3. _________made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key
universities.
A. What B. Why C. That D. How
4. ______she couldn't understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. Who B. That C. What D. Why.
5. _________helped to save the girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. Whatever C. That D. Whoever
6. No one in the office knew_________she was so angry.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
7. How about camping this weekend, just for a change -OK，_________you want.
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
名词性从句要用陈述性语序
1. Tomorrow is Tom's birthday. Have you got any idea_________
A. where is the party to be held B. where the party is to be held
C. if is a party to be held D. whether is a party to be held
2. Has it been announced_________
A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off
3. Would you kindly tell me_________
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. Whether I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
4. We must put_________into practice
A. what we have learned B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned D. what have we learned
同位语从句
1. His advice_________is very helpful is worth considering.
A. what B. which C. how D. who
2. His advice_________we should do some sports every day is worth considering.
A. who B. what C. that D. how
参考答案 第十三章
what在从句中要充当主语或宾语或表语，发现从句缺了成分，翻译又不顺畅，直接填what
1. What
2. what
3. What
4. what
5. what
考连词，做题靠翻译；不缺意思不缺成分填that；缺少主宾表语，翻译不顺畅就填what；其他的都按翻译缺什么意思填什么词
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. C
名词性从句要用陈述性语序
1. B
2. D
3. B
4. A
同位语从句
17. B
18. C
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