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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第十四章 主谓一致
一、主谓一致的概念
谓语动词在人称和数的变化上要和主语保持一致,包括四大原则: 语法一致原则/意义一致原则/就近原则/就远原则。
二、主谓一致遵守的原则
1. 语法一致原则：主语谓语在“数”的形式上保持一致
be动词与主语：单数、不可数用is，复数用are，you用are
2. 意义一致原则：谓语动词取决于主语表示的意义是单数或复数
3. 就近原则：谓语动词靠近谁就跟谁保持一致
4. 就近原则：谓语动词离谁远就跟谁保持一致
行为动词：第三人称单数形式；原形
be动词： is was 是单数
are were是复数
三、语法一致原则
（一）谓语动词用单数的情况
1. 单数名词、不可数名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语、从句作主语。
①To become a writer is my dream ②Swimming is my favourite sport.
③Where she comes from is unknown yet.
2. 不定代词：ether、neither、any-、some-、every-、nobody、nothing
①Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. ②Neither of them likes watching TV in the evening.
例1. Either of the two books_________（is/are）for you.You can choose one.
（二）谓语动词用复数的情况
1. and，both...and...两者都...（连接两个并列主语）e.g. Both Rose and Lucy are interested in dancing.
（三）谓语动词单复数视情况而定
1. 强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who
e.g. It is his brothers that are talking in the next room.
2. a number of 许多；谓复 the number of ...的数目，谓单 共同点：后接名词复数
例2. The number of tourists_________(is/are) over 33 million this year.
3. 定语从句
one of+名词复数+定语从句，谓复
the only/the first/the very one谓单
1. Jim is one of the students who were praised by our teacher yesterday.
2. Jim is the only one of the students who was praised by our teacher yesterday.
即学即练
1. Both Lucy and Lily_________（invite）to the party yesterday, but they didn't come.
2. Listen! Someone is_________（knock) at the door.
3. Doing eye exercise_________(is/are) good for your eyes.
4. Either of the boys__________(is/are) a liar. Only one told the truth.
四、意义一致原则
（一）谓语动词用复数的情况
1. 集体名词 police警察，people人们，cattle牲口，clothes 衣服
E.g. People are beginning to talk about her.
2. the+形容词表示“一类人”，the+姓氏复数表示”一家人”
（二）谓语动词用单数的情况
1. 某些学科名词 economics经济学，physics物理学，mathematics 数学,politics 政治学,dynamics 力学E.g. Physics is one of the most interesting subjects.
例3：The subject of politics_________（have/has）interested her since she entered middle school.
2. 某些以s结尾的国家名、机构名、书报名等，形式上是复数，意义上是单数
the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国息
Confucius 孔子 news新闻
means方法 A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》
3. 时间、距离、金额、度量、重量
E.g. 300 miles is a long distance.
（三）谓语动词单复数视情况而定
1. and连接两个并列主语
（1） 主语1and主语2，谓单，指同一个人或同一件事；表示一个整体概念
①The teacher and writer is busy writing a novel.
②Bread and butter is always his favourite food.
（2）主语1 and the主语2，谓复
E.g. The artist and the poet are going to Australia next week.
（3）主语1and主语2's，谓单（名词所有格）
E.g. Tom and Mary's mother is coming to see them next Monday.
2. 成对的名词：glasses眼镜，trousers裤子，shoes鞋子，gloves 手套，stockings 袜子
①单独做主语，谓复 The glasses are made in our own country
②有量词看量词： pair 对，双，副，piece 支，张，片 E.g. This pair of glasses is a gift from my friend.
3. 集体名词：family，class，team
一个整体，谓单；其中的成员，谓复
①This family is a large one. There are seven people in it.
②The family are watching TV in the sitting room.
例4. Our team_____(is/are)made up of 42 people and our team_____(is/are) very active and strong.
1. The fourths of the surface of the earth_____(is/are) covered by sea.
2. My old trousers are too short. A new pair_____(is/are) needed badly.
3. My family are_________(prepare) for dinner now. We are busy.
4. The United Nations_________(is/are)made up of about 193 nations.
五、就近原则
either 或者 either...or...或者...或者...
neither...nor...既不...也不... not only...but also... 不仅...而且...
not...but...不是...而是....
E.g. Not only he but also all of us are proud of our country.
例5. Neither Tom nor his friends_____(is/are)singing.
*there be句型 be动词和最邻近的名词保持一致
There is a dictionary and two books on the desk.
1. There_________(is/are) a new bus stop and many bookstores in front of our school.
2. Either he or you_________(is/are) going to do it again.
3. Neither the teacher nor the students_________(have/has) seen that man before.
4. Not only my friends but also l_________interested in football.
六、就远原则
as well as 还有 along with 连同...一起
together with 和... except除了
E.g. The children except Kate are playing games on the playground.
6. Nobody but Kate and Lily_________(is/are) reading in the classroom now.
例 7. Mary, as well as her classmates,_________(is/are) reading every morning.
1. Tom, including his parents，_________(live) in Dongguan.
2. Mr. Smith together with his two sons_________(practice) running early every morning.
3. Everyone in my class except Tom and Mary_________(like) watching movies.
4. Mr Green, along with other 10 students,_________(have/has) gone to my sister's school in Britain. They will be back in two weeks.
真题回顾 1. A Tale of Two Cities_________(is/are) my favourite English novel.
2. The number of students taking the music class _________(rise) now.
3. Sunshine,as well as water, _________(is/are) needed to make plants grow.
七、总结与练习
做题方法:先找主语，再判断主语的单复数，再选择对应的谓语动词
1. What she wants________more privacy but what her parents expect________more time to be with her.
A. is；is B. is；are C. are；are D. are；is
2. Mr. Johnson, together with his wife and two daughters,_________to arrive this evening.
A. were B. are C. was D. is
3. One third of the students_________to go boating, and the number of them_________20.
A. want; are B. wants; are C. want; is D. wants；is
4. Neither Andrew nor his two brothers_________able to solve this problem.
A. are B. is C. was D. be
5. Statistics_________a subject that I found difficult to learn in the past.
A. are B. is C. was D. be
6. Sally is the only one of the students who_________to hand in the homework on time.
A. fail B. failed C. fails D. have failed
参考答案 第十四章 主谓一致
一、例题
例1. is
例2. is
二、即学即练
1. were invited
2. knocking
3. is
4. is
三、意义一致原则例题
例3. has
四、集体名词例题
例4. is ; are
五、填空练习（意义一致）
1. is
2. is
3. preparing
4. is
六、就近原则
例5. are
填空
1. is
2. are
3. have
4. am
七、就远原则
例6. is
例7. is
填空
1. lives
2. practices
3. likes
4. has
八、真题回顾
1. is
2. is rising
3. is
九、总结与练习（选择题）
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. C
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