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Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
(二)把握主旨大意
　What is the text mainly about？(　 )
A．The development of language.
B．An ethnic phenomenon.
C．Borrowed words.
D．Different attitudes to language exchange.
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)阅读理解
1．How does the author develop paragraph 1？(　 )
A．By asking questions.
B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers.
D．By describing details.
2．Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history？(　 )
A．It can meet the needs of mutual interaction.
B．It happens because of technological developments.
C．Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before.
D．People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other.
3．What makes it possible to borrow words directly from the source language faster than ever before？(　 )
A．The rapid development of human beings.
B．The rapid development of cultures.
C．The rapid development of languages.
D．The rapid development of communications technology.
4．What can we infer from paragraph 3？(　 )
A．The course of borrowing words is slow and simple.
B．The original language is seldom filled with borrowed words.
C．The pronunciation of “kung fu” is difficult to understand.
D．The borrowed words sound like native languages over time.
5．What does the word “novel” in the last sentence of paragraph 5 mean？(　 )
A．New.　　　　　　　 B．Original.
C．Different. D．Critical.
6．What is the author's attitude towards borrowing words？(　 )
A．Pessimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.
(二)阅读表达
1．What is your attitude towards borrowed words Give your reasons.(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it is important to learn and continue using local dialects in today's increasingly connected society Why or why not？(The answers may vary.)
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
|阅|读|技|能|提|升|
本文的语篇类型为杂志文章。文章为“总—分—总”结构。首段导入主题，第二至五段深入探讨，尾段作出总结。读文时应先抓各段首句，厘清文章脉络，重点阅读尾段，把握主旨大意。同时，作者在文中大量运用举例的方式客观而深入地阐明了外来词是为何发展、如何发展的，阅读时要把握这一写作手法的功能。
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．It then spreads to people who do not know the original language, and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak, almost unknowingly.
赏析：本句中的unknowingly意为“不知不觉地”，形象地写出了外来词在本地语言中无声的渗透过程。描述性词语的使用可以使描写更加形象化。
2．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
赏析：本句中的conveniently and quickly写出了在外来词的帮助下，新思想的传播以及不同观念的交流更加便捷、迅速。
[提能训练]
①(用下划线标出句中的描述性词语)By three o'clock, the rain had stopped and the sky was a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds.A cool breeze blew through the park.
②(翻译句子)The beautiful music filled the room and made them feel very happy.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
(二)赏句式之高　
1．There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity.
赏析：本句为含有that引导的定语从句的there be 句型。there be句型是写作中的一个常用句型，定语从句是写作中的高级句式。两者结合，彰显写作能力。
2．Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new－found ease.
赏析：本句中使用了动名词短语作主语、现在分词作状语，从而避免了句式冗长。
[提能训练]　(用非谓语动词简化下列句子)
①Mary came late, which made her teacher angry.
→__________________________ made her teacher angry.
②Because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.
→____________________， he had to ask the teacher for help.
(三)赏衔接之顺　
1．Is there anything special about this sentence
赏析：本句为疑问句，疑问句的使用既可以引出后文，使文章在衔接上更连贯，又可以引起读者的阅读兴趣。
2．English, especially, is based on a mix of Latin, Greek and Germanic languages.
赏析：本句中的especially表示递进关系，使句子在意义上更进一层。常见的表示递进关系的还有：what is more、 in addition、 and、 besides、 also、 furthermore、 too、 moreover、 as well as、 additionally、 again等。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①____________________ who cried wolf for several times so that no one would trust him？你还记得那个多次喊“狼来了”结果没有人再信任他的男孩吗？
②Take care when you are driving, ______________________________.
你开车的时候要小心，尤其在像这样的夏季风暴天气中。
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
课文阅读理解
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)①time　②process　③attitudes　④approve
(二)C
精读课文，完成以下学习任务 　
(一)1～6　BADDAC
(二)1.I am in favour of borrowed words.Borrowing words is the result of contact between different language communities.With today's rapid globalization, it is inevitable because multicultural communication happens a lot.With borrowed words, communication between different cultures may become easier and misunderstandings may be prevented.In addition, languages have always been evolving to keep up to date with current global trends.By borrowing words, they will become more dynamic and powerful.
2．Yes.I believe that more than ever it is essential to use and retain local dialects in today's technological age.Dialects can be thought of as an intangible heritage in a country because they connect people with their history.Local dialects also represent a region's unique culture.If dialects die out, it would be a great loss of culture for us and future generations, so I think dialects need to be conserved and treasured.
课文写法借鉴
(一)①a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds; cool
②动听的音乐洋溢在室内，让他们感到非常开心。
(二)①Mary's coming late　②Not knowing what to do
(三)①Do you still remember the boy
②especially in a summer storm like this(共60张PPT)
Section Ⅴ　“Extended reading”
的课文习读环节
目 录
NO.1 课文阅读理解
NO.2 课文写法借鉴
课时检测
课文阅读理解
NO.1
泛读课文，完成以下学习任务
(一)理清文脉结构
time
process
attitudes
approve
(二)把握主旨大意
What is the text mainly about
A．The development of language.
B．An ethnic phenomenon.
C．Borrowed words.
D．Different attitudes to language exchange.
√
(一)阅读理解
1．How does the author develop paragraph 1
A．By asking questions.
B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers.
D．By describing details.
√
精读课文，完成以下学习任务
2．Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history
A．It can meet the needs of mutual interaction.
B．It happens because of technological developments.
C．Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before.
D．People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other.
√
3．What makes it possible to borrow words directly from the source language faster than ever before
A．The rapid development of human beings.
B．The rapid development of cultures.
C．The rapid development of languages.
D．The rapid development of communications technology.
√
4．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．The course of borrowing words is slow and simple.
B．The original language is seldom filled with borrowed words.
C．The pronunciation of “kung fu” is difficult to understand.
D．The borrowed words sound like native languages over time.
√
5．What does the word “novel” in the last sentence of paragraph 5 mean
A．New.　　　　　　　 B．Original.
C．Different. D．Critical.
6．What is the author's attitude towards borrowing words
A．Pessimistic. B．Doubtful.
C．Optimistic. D．Indifferent.
√
√
(二)阅读表达
1．What is your attitude towards borrowed words Give your reasons.(The answers may vary.)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I am in favour of borrowed words.Borrowing words is the result of contact between different language communities.With today's rapid globalization, it is inevitable because multicultural communication happens a lot.With borrowed words, communication between different cultures may become easier and misunderstandings may be prevented.In addition, languages have always been evolving to keep up to date with current global trends.By borrowing words, they will become more dynamic and powerful.
2．Do you think it is important to learn and continue using local dialects in today's increasingly connected society Why or why not？(The answers may vary.)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yes.I believe that more than ever it is essential to use and retain local dialects in today's technological age.Dialects can be thought of as an intangible heritage in a country because they connect people with their history.Local dialects also represent a region's unique culture.If dialects die out, it would be a great loss of culture for us and future generations, so I think dialects need to be conserved and treasured.
|阅|读|技|能|提|升| 　
本文的语篇类型为杂志文章。文章为“总—分—总”结构。首段导入主题，第二至五段深入探讨，尾段作出总结。读文时应先抓各段首句，厘清文章脉络，重点阅读尾段，把握主旨大意。同时，作者在文中大量运用举例的方式客观而深入地阐明了外来词是为何发展、如何发展的，阅读时要把握这一写作手法的功能。
课文写法借鉴
NO.2
(一)赏用词之妙　
1．It then spreads to people who do not know the original language, and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak, almost unknowingly.
赏析：本句中的unknowingly意为“不知不觉地”，形象地写出了外来词在本地语言中无声的渗透过程。描述性词语的使用可以使描写更加形象化。
2．It is also through those words that novel ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly.
赏析：本句中的conveniently and quickly写出了在外来词的帮助下，新思想的传播以及不同观念的交流更加便捷、迅速。
[提能训练]
①(用下划线标出句中的描述性词语)By three o'clock, the rain had stopped and the sky was _______________________________________.A _____breeze blew through the park.
②(翻译句子)The beautiful music filled the room and made them feel very happy.
___________________________________________
a curdled gray burdened with lumps of clouds
cool
动听的音乐洋溢在室内，让他们感到非常开心。
(二)赏句式之高　
1．There are countries that make interventions to keep their native language pure in order to defend their identity.
赏析：本句为含有that引导的定语从句的there be 句型。there be句型是写作中的一个常用句型，定语从句是写作中的高级句式。两者结合，彰显写作能力。
2．Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop, enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their experiences with new－found ease.
赏析：本句中使用了动名词短语作主语、现在分词作状语，从而避免了句式冗长。
[提能训练]　(用非谓语动词简化下列句子)
①Mary came late, which made her teacher angry.
→_________________made her teacher angry.
②Because he did not know what to do, he had to ask the teacher for help.
→ _____________________, he had to ask the teacher for help.
Mary's coming late
Not knowing what to do
(三)赏衔接之顺　
1．Is there anything special about this sentence
赏析：本句为疑问句，疑问句的使用既可以引出后文，使文章在衔接上更连贯，又可以引起读者的阅读兴趣。
2．English, especially, is based on a mix of Latin, Greek and Germanic languages.
赏析：本句中的especially表示递进关系，使句子在意义上更进一层。常见的表示递进关系的还有：what is more、 in addition、 and、 besides、 also、 furthermore、 too、 moreover、 as well as、 additionally、 again等。
[提能训练]　(完成句子)
①____________________________who cried wolf for several times so that no one would trust him？
你还记得那个多次喊“狼来了”结果没有人再信任他的男孩吗？
②Take care when you are driving, __________________________
_________.
你开车的时候要小心，尤其在像这样的夏季风暴天气中。
Do you still remember the boy
especially in a summer storm
like this
课时检测
(标 语篇配有教师讲评课件)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Learning to say “yes, and”
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating.As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers.However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my PhD, so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively.I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we'd better accept what fellow performers say.If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians.We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes.I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn't grow out of the information I'd presented.Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach — accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked.That helped me find an appropriate answer.I got pretty excited about it.
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication.Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake.But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell — one that isn't behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it's worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians.As scientists, our job isn't to challenge data that support a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and”．
语篇解读：：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes, and”的方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。
1．Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A．To get a different experience.
B．To finish her PhD at university.
C．To give up her job as a science communicator.
D．To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，因为作者打算完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。
2．What was the author's change after attending the improvisation class
A．She formed her own idea quickly.
B．She came up with lots of creative responses.
C．She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D．She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first few scenes ...and communicating clearly in the moment.”可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。
3．Why does the author mention applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments
A．To explain the process of using the method.
B．To prove the benefits of the improvisation class.
C．To share her own research experiences with readers.
D．To attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Before attending the class ...one that isn't behaving as expected.”和最后一段中“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.”可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。
4．What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A．They should attend the improvisation class.
B．They should question all preconceived ideas.
C．They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D．They should try to improve their academic knowledge.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If the data say ...but to say ‘yes, and.’”可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪。
B
The system of communication which relies on the verbal or non－verbal codes, used in transferring (转移的) information, is called “language”. A language is a tool of communication, while communication is the process of transferring message to one another. Language focuses on the signs, symbols and munication lays emphasis (强调) on the message. Before the invention of written words, language was limited to the auditory (听觉的) channels. The basics of communication do not change at all. However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.
Is communication wider than language
So with the above explanation, it is quite clear that communication has a wider scope than language, as the former covers the latter. Language is the essence (本质) of communication, without which, it cannot exist.
What are language barriers (障碍) in communication
Language barriers are the most common communication barriers which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people. Most of the people in the world do not speak English or, even if they use, it is their second or third language. If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.
Why is language needed for communication
Language is needed for any kind of communication, and even people with speech impairments communicate with sign munication becomes difficult in situations where people don't understand each other's language. The inability to communicate using a language is known as the language barrier to communication.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沟通和语言的区别。
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text
A．Language is the only way to communicate with people.
B．People send messages to communicate with others.
C．Language didn't appear until the invention of written words.
D．Language changes every day with the added new words.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.”可知，随着新词的增加，语言每天都在变化。
6．What can be done to avoid language barriers according to the author
A．Speaking English.
B．Speaking the second language.
C．Speaking the same language.
D．Using body language.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据What are language barriers in communication？部分中的“If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.”可知，作者认为说同一种语言可以避免语言障碍。
7．What does the underlined word “impairments” in the last paragraph mean
A．Methods.　　　　　　 B．Functions.
C．Disabilities. D．Skills.
√
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“communicate with sign language”可知，只有没有说话能力的人会用手语交流，所以画线词意为“缺陷，残疾”。
8．What is the best title of the text
A．Communication is superior to language
B．There are differences between communication and language
C．All the languages can be written and spoken in the world
D．Language has a wider scope than communication
√
解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容特别是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了沟通和语言的区别。故B项“沟通和语言是有区别的”适合作本文的标题。
C(★)
Robots can deliver food on a college campus and get a hole in one on the golf course, but even the most advanced robot can't perform basic social interactions that are critical to everyday human life.
MIT researchers have now incorporated certain social interactions into the framework of robotics, enabling machines to understand what it means to help or hinder (阻碍) one another, and to learn to perform these social behaviors on their own.In a simulated environment, a robot watches its companion, guesses what task it wants to accomplish, and then helps or hinders the other robot based on its own goals.The researchers also showed that their model creates realistic and predictable social interactions.When they showed videos of these robots interacting with one another to humans, the human viewers mostly agreed with the model about what type of social behavior was occurring.
Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human－robot interactions.For instance, a robot in an assisted living facility could use these capabilities to help create a more caring environment for elderly individuals.The new model may also enable scientists to measure social interactions quantitatively (数量上), which could help psychologists study autism (孤独症) or analyze the effects of antidepressants (抗抑郁药)．
“Robots will live in our world soon enough and they really need to learn how to communicate with us in human terms.They need to understand when it is time for them to help and when it is time for them to see what they can do to prevent something from happening.This is very early work and we are barely scratching the surface, but I feel like this is the first very serious attempt at understanding what it means for humans and machines to interact socially，” says Boris Katz, principal research scientist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员正在开发机器人的社交能力，使机器人能和人类更好地交流。
9．What can robots in use do at present
A．Talk with humans freely.
B．Measure social interactions.
C．Perform basic social skills.
D．Finish basic tasks.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，目前使用中的机器人可以执行很多基本的任务，如运送食物、在高尔夫球场上一杆进洞等。
10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The examples of robots using social skills.
B．The ways of developing robots' social skills.
C．The significance of developing robots' social skills.
D．The application of robots which have social skills.
√
解析：段落大意题。 根据第三段首句“Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human－robot interactions.”可知，本段主要介绍了开发机器人的社交能力的重要意义。
11．What does Boris think of the research of robots' social skills
A．Challenging but promising.
B．Shallow and time－consuming.
C．Successful but old－fashioned.
D．Urgent and costly.
√
解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段Boris所说的话，特别是“This is very early work ...what it means for humans and machines to interact socially”可知，Boris认为这项研究虽有挑战性，但未来可期。
12．What can be the best title for the text
A．Future Robots on Campus
B．Giving Robots Social Skills
C．New Research about Robots
D．Linking Robots with Humans
√
解析：标题归纳题。本文首先介绍了目前即便是最先进的机器人也不能进行基本的社交互动，然后介绍了研究人员开始研究、开发机器人社交能力的过程及意义等。故B项适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Brief and pleasant small talk can promote learning, expand your horizons, and contribute to a sense of belonging. __13__We asked experts to share their favorite strategies for getting better at small talk.
Take advantage of “free information”．
Find help from your surroundings, says Debra Fine, an expert on communication skills.If you're standing next to someone at a baby shower, for example, the fact that you're both there is what she calls “free information” — so ask the person how they know the mum－to－be. __14__
Skip sensitive questions.
Get rid of controversial topics and potentially sensitive matters (such as religion, relationship status, kids and work)．__15__You might ask a high school senior to fill you in on their college search, for example, rather than inquiring if they will get into a famous college.
Respond generously.
Think of conversation as a game and aim to be an active player, which requires investing energy in it.If someone asks how you are and you simply respond“Good”， you're being a “lazy conversationalist”．__16__That gives the person you're talking to plenty to work with if they'd like to continue to chat.
__17__
Some conversations may drag on because people can't figure out how to end them.Consider introducing the person to someone else, suggests Diane Windingland, and leaving time for them to know each other.Besides, Windingland recommends concluding like this：“Please excuse me, I have to talk to so－and－so.”
A．Exit the chat gracefully.
B．Don't spend too long on meaningless topics.
C．You can maximize these benefits by mastering some techniques.
D．Rather than a single－word response, offer a full sentence in return.
E．Your shared reality is a terrific entry point for deeper conversation.
F．Instead, questions like“What keeps you busy outside of work？” are suggested.
G．One key to changing that is to first accept that these casual chats are impossible to avoid.
语篇解读：：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何顺利开展简短而愉快的闲聊提供了一些方法和策略。
13．选C　空前提到了简短而愉快的闲聊能给人们带来好处，下文提到了开展这种闲聊的方法。因此空处应与闲聊的好处以及开展闲聊的方法相关，故C项承上启下，符合语境。C项中的“these benefits”与空前的“promote learning ...and contribute to a sense of belonging”相照应，“some techniques”与空后的“strategies”相照应。
14．选E　空前主要提到如果你在迎婴派对上站在某人旁边，你们都在场的事实就是她所说的“免费信息”，要学会利用这种信息开展闲聊。因此空处应和利用两人的共同点开展闲聊有关。故E项承接上文，符合语境。E项中的“Your shared reality”和上文中提到的“the fact that you're both there”相呼应；后半部分中的“for deeper conversation”也与进一步开展闲聊相关。
15．选F　空前提到避开有争议的话题和潜在的敏感问题，空后举例说明了进行闲聊时应该怎么询问。F项提到了应该询问的问题，承上启下，符合语境。
16．选D　空前提到如果有人问你过得怎么样，而你只是简单地回答“很好”，那你就是一个“懒于交谈的人”。空后指出如果对方愿意继续聊天，这就给了你们足够的聊天空间。故D项承上启下，符合语境。D项中的“Rather than a single－word response”与空前内容相照应，“offer a full sentence in return”与空后内容衔接。
17．选A　根据下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了如何结束一场闲聊，故A项“优雅地退出闲聊”与下文内容联系紧密，且A项语言简练，符合段落小标题的特征。UNIT 2　课时检测(五)　“Extended reading”的课文习读环节
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Learning to say “yes, and”
When I first heard about the improvisation (即兴交流) class, I was hesitating.As a quiet and shy girl, I feared improvising in front of strangers.However, I knew I wanted to work as a science communicator after finishing my PhD, so it seemed like a perfect chance to learn how to speak and communicate with others effectively.I signed up, knowing the experience would give me help.
During our first class, we learned an important concept of improvisation: “yes, and.” It means that, as improvisers, we'd better accept what fellow performers say.If someone says that rhinos (犀牛) are librarians, for example, then rhinos are librarians.We do not question the logic; we say “yes” and then continue with the scene as if nothing is wrong.
The first few scenes were hard, but as weeks turned into months, I became more comfortable and even started to enjoy our classes.I became better at listening, relating to my conversation partners, and communicating clearly in the moment.Once when I was giving a presentation about my science, an audience member surprised me with a question that didn't grow out of the information I'd presented.Instead of getting confused and nervous, I took the “yes, and” approach — accepting the question and letting my mind focus on why it was asked.That helped me find an appropriate answer.I got pretty excited about it.
The benefits of improvisation go beyond communication.Before attending the class, I would get stuck when my experiments produced unexpected data, thinking that I had made a mistake.But now, instead of getting discouraged, I will stay open to the possibility that the results are real, keep exploring the data and end up identifying a new type of cell — one that isn't behaving as expected.
I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.If the data say rhinos are librarians, then it's worth finding out whether rhinos are, in fact, librarians.As scientists, our job isn't to challenge data that support a preconceived story, but to say “yes, and”．
1．Why did the author attend the improvisation class
A．To get a different experience.
B．To finish her PhD at university.
C．To give up her job as a science communicator.
D．To improve her speaking and communicating ability.
2．What was the author's change after attending the improvisation class
A．She formed her own idea quickly.
B．She came up with lots of creative responses.
C．She paid more attention to the logic of answers.
D．She became a good listener before giving an opinion.
3．Why does the author mention applying the “yes, and” approach to her scientific experiments
A．To explain the process of using the method.
B．To prove the benefits of the improvisation class.
C．To share her own research experiences with readers.
D．To attract fellow scientists to attend the improvisation class.
4．What can be inferred about scientists from the last paragraph
A．They should attend the improvisation class.
B．They should question all preconceived ideas.
C．They should carry on research by admitting earlier data.
D．They should try to improve their academic knowledge.
B
The system of communication which relies on the verbal or non－verbal codes, used in transferring (转移的) information, is called “language”. A language is a tool of communication, while communication is the process of transferring message to one another. Language focuses on the signs, symbols and munication lays emphasis (强调) on the message. Before the invention of written words, language was limited to the auditory (听觉的) channels. The basics of communication do not change at all. However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.
Is communication wider than language
So with the above explanation, it is quite clear that communication has a wider scope than language, as the former covers the latter. Language is the essence (本质) of communication, without which, it cannot exist.
What are language barriers (障碍) in communication
Language barriers are the most common communication barriers which cause misunderstandings and misinterpretations between people. Most of the people in the world do not speak English or, even if they use, it is their second or third language. If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.
Why is language needed for communication
Language is needed for any kind of communication, and even people with speech impairments communicate with sign munication becomes difficult in situations where people don't understand each other's language. The inability to communicate using a language is known as the language barrier to communication.
5．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text
A．Language is the only way to communicate with people.
B．People send messages to communicate with others.
C．Language didn't appear until the invention of written words.
D．Language changes every day with the added new words.
6．What can be done to avoid language barriers according to the author
A．Speaking English.
B．Speaking the second language.
C．Speaking the same language.
D．Using body language.
7．What does the underlined word “impairments” in the last paragraph mean
A．Methods.　　　　　 　 B．Functions.
C．Disabilities. D．Skills.
8．What is the best title of the text
A．Communication is superior to language
B．There are differences between communication and language
C．All the languages can be written and spoken in the world
D．Language has a wider scope than communication
C()
Robots can deliver food on a college campus and get a hole in one on the golf course, but even the most advanced robot can't perform basic social interactions that are critical to everyday human life.
MIT researchers have now incorporated certain social interactions into the framework of robotics, enabling machines to understand what it means to help or hinder (阻碍) one another, and to learn to perform these social behaviors on their own.In a simulated environment, a robot watches its companion, guesses what task it wants to accomplish, and then helps or hinders the other robot based on its own goals.The researchers also showed that their model creates realistic and predictable social interactions.When they showed videos of these robots interacting with one another to humans, the human viewers mostly agreed with the model about what type of social behavior was occurring.
Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human－robot interactions.For instance, a robot in an assisted living facility could use these capabilities to help create a more caring environment for elderly individuals.The new model may also enable scientists to measure social interactions quantitatively (数量上), which could help psychologists study autism (孤独症) or analyze the effects of antidepressants (抗抑郁药)．
“Robots will live in our world soon enough and they really need to learn how to communicate with us in human terms.They need to understand when it is time for them to help and when it is time for them to see what they can do to prevent something from happening.This is very early work and we are barely scratching the surface, but I feel like this is the first very serious attempt at understanding what it means for humans and machines to interact socially，” says Boris Katz, principal research scientist.
9．What can robots in use do at present
A．Talk with humans freely.
B．Measure social interactions.
C．Perform basic social skills.
D．Finish basic tasks.
10．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A．The examples of robots using social skills.
B．The ways of developing robots' social skills.
C．The significance of developing robots' social skills.
D．The application of robots which have social skills.
11．What does Boris think of the research of robots' social skills
A．Challenging but promising.
B．Shallow and time－consuming.
C．Successful but old－fashioned.
D．Urgent and costly.
12．What can be the best title for the text
A．Future Robots on Campus
B．Giving Robots Social Skills
C．New Research about Robots
D．Linking Robots with Humans
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Brief and pleasant small talk can promote learning, expand your horizons, and contribute to a sense of belonging.__13__ We asked experts to share their favorite strategies for getting better at small talk.
Take advantage of “free information”．
Find help from your surroundings, says Debra Fine, an expert on communication skills.If you're standing next to someone at a baby shower, for example, the fact that you're both there is what she calls “free information” — so ask the person how they know the mum－to－be.__14__
Skip sensitive questions.
Get rid of controversial topics and potentially sensitive matters (such as religion, relationship status, kids and work)．__15__ You might ask a high school senior to fill you in on their college search, for example, rather than inquiring if they will get into a famous college.
Respond generously.
Think of conversation as a game and aim to be an active player, which requires investing energy in it.If someone asks how you are and you simply respond“Good”， you're being a “lazy conversationalist”．__16__ That gives the person you're talking to plenty to work with if they'd like to continue to chat.
__17__
Some conversations may drag on because people can't figure out how to end them.Consider introducing the person to someone else, suggests Diane Windingland, and leaving time for them to know each other.Besides, Windingland recommends concluding like this：“Please excuse me, I have to talk to so－and－so.”
A．Exit the chat gracefully.
B．Don't spend too long on meaningless topics.
C．You can maximize these benefits by mastering some techniques.
D．Rather than a single－word response, offer a full sentence in return.
E．Your shared reality is a terrific entry point for deeper conversation.
F．Instead, questions like“What keeps you busy outside of work？” are suggested.
G．One key to changing that is to first accept that these casual chats are impossible to avoid.
UNIT 2　课时检测(五)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过上即兴交流课，学会了“yes, and”的方法，让自己更善于倾听，并给自己的科学研究带来了好处。
1．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，因为作者打算完成博士学位后成为一名科学交流者，因此作者参加即兴交流课是为了提高她的交谈和沟通能力。
2．选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The first few scenes ...and communicating clearly in the moment.”可知，作者参加即兴交流课后的变化是：在发表意见之前，她成了一个很好的倾听者。
3．选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Before attending the class ...one that isn't behaving as expected.”和最后一段中“I think all scientists can benefit from this lesson.”可知，作者提到在她的科学实验中运用“yes, and”的方法是为了证明即兴交流课的好处。
4．选C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If the data say ...but to say ‘yes, and.’”可知，作者认为面对之前的科学数据，我们的工作并不是去挑战它，而是要接受它，并继续研究，探索真伪。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了沟通和语言的区别。
5．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, daily new words are added to the dictionary of the language, so it changes every day.”可知，随着新词的增加，语言每天都在变化。
6．选C　推理判断题。根据What are language barriers in communication？部分中的“If the speaker and receiver do not use the same language and words, there is no meaning to the communication.”可知，作者认为说同一种语言可以避免语言障碍。
7．选C　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“communicate with sign language”可知，只有没有说话能力的人会用手语交流，所以画线词意为“缺陷，残疾”。
8．选B　标题归纳题。根据全文内容特别是第一段可知，文章主要介绍了沟通和语言的区别。故B项“沟通和语言是有区别的”适合作本文的标题。
[C]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员正在开发机器人的社交能力，使机器人能和人类更好地交流。
9．选D　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，目前使用中的机器人可以执行很多基本的任务，如运送食物、在高尔夫球场上一杆进洞等。
10．选C　段落大意题。 根据第三段首句“Enabling robots to exhibit social skills could lead to smoother and more positive human－robot interactions.”可知，本段主要介绍了开发机器人的社交能力的重要意义。
11．选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段Boris所说的话，特别是“This is very early work ...what it means for humans and machines to interact socially”可知，Boris认为这项研究虽有挑战性，但未来可期。
12．选B　标题归纳题。本文首先介绍了目前即便是最先进的机器人也不能进行基本的社交互动，然后介绍了研究人员开始研究、开发机器人社交能力的过程及意义等。故B项适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何顺利开展简短而愉快的闲聊提供了一些方法和策略。
13．选C　空前提到了简短而愉快的闲聊能给人们带来好处，下文提到了开展这种闲聊的方法。因此空处应与闲聊的好处以及开展闲聊的方法相关，故C项承上启下，符合语境。C项中的“these benefits”与空前的“promote learning ...and contribute to a sense of belonging”相照应，“some techniques”与空后的“strategies”相照应。
14．选E　空前主要提到如果你在迎婴派对上站在某人旁边，你们都在场的事实就是她所说的“免费信息”，要学会利用这种信息开展闲聊。因此空处应和利用两人的共同点开展闲聊有关。故E项承接上文，符合语境。E项中的“Your shared reality”和上文中提到的“the fact that you're both there”相呼应；后半部分中的“for deeper conversation”也与进一步开展闲聊相关。
15．选F　空前提到避开有争议的话题和潜在的敏感问题，空后举例说明了进行闲聊时应该怎么询问。F项提到了应该询问的问题，承上启下，符合语境。
16．选D　空前提到如果有人问你过得怎么样，而你只是简单地回答“很好”，那你就是一个“懒于交谈的人”。空后指出如果对方愿意继续聊天，这就给了你们足够的聊天空间。故D项承上启下，符合语境。D项中的“Rather than a single－word response”与空前内容相照应，“offer a full sentence in return”与空后内容衔接。
17．选A　根据下文内容可知，该段主要讲述了如何结束一场闲聊，故A项“优雅地退出闲聊”与下文内容联系紧密，且A项语言简练，符合段落小标题的特征。

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