资源简介

(共18张PPT)
Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language
UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
直接引语和间接引语
观察下面的句子，体会黑体词的用法。
①“I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn't want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
②“Does a friend always have to be a person？” the writer asks us.
→The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.
③“What do you call your diary？” Anne's sister asked her.
→Anne's sister asked her what she called her diary.
④“Check for errors，” the teacher said.
→The teacher asked the class to check for errors.
[自我归纳]
(1)句①②③中，原句皆为 引语，变式皆为 引语。直接引语变为间接引语时， 、 、 等方面都要进行相应的变化。
(2)直接引语为祈使句，变为间接引语时，要把祈使句转换成 作宾语补足语，动词用 等。如句④。
直接
间接
人称
时态
语序
不定式
ask/order/warn/advise
直接引语变为间接引语的一般规则
1．基本变化
(1)时态的变化
若主句的谓语是过去时，直接引语改为间接引语时，要调整时态：
时态变化 直接引语 间接引语
现在时→
过去时 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
时态变化 直接引语 间接引语
现在时→
过去时 现在完成时 过去完成时
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
将来时→
过去将来时 一般将来时 过去将来时
将来进行时 过去将来进行时
将来完成时 过去将来完成时
一般过去时→过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时
“This house is very expensive，” she said.
→She said (that) that house was very expensive.
He said, “It was completed a year ago.”
→He said it had been completed a year before.
[注意]　在下列情况下，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变：
①主句谓语动词为现在时，直接引语变为间接引语时动词时态不变。
②直接引语表达的是习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理，或有明确的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时动词时态不变。
He said, “I was born in 1974.”
→He said that he was born in 1974.
(2)人称的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称要根据句子的意义进行相应的变化。
She said (to me), “I have left my book in your room.”
→She told me (that) she had left her book in my room.
She said (to me), “Your pronunciation is better than mine.”
→She told me (that) my pronunciation was better than hers.
[注意]　直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人的立场进行相应的变动。应遵循“一主二宾三不变”的原则。“一主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours)变为与引述部分主语相一致的人称；“二宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称变为与引述部分的宾语相一致的人称；“三不变”就是直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，仍用第三人称。
变化部分 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this，these that，those
时间
状语 now，today, tonight，tomorrow，this week (month...)，yesterday，last week (month ...)，the day before yesterday，three days ago，next week then，that day, that night，the next(following) day，that week (month...)，the day before，the week (month...)before，two days before，three days before，the next (following) week
(3)指示代词、时间或地点状语，以及表示方向的动词的变化
变化部分 直接引语 间接引语
地点状语 here there
动词 come，bring go，take
He said, “I came here to study English yesterday.”
→He said that he had gone there to study English the day before.
2．特殊变化
(1)一般疑问句
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词say或said要改为ask或asked，原问句变成由连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。
Mary asked me, “Have you ever visited the Great Wall？”
→Mary asked me whether I had ever visited the Great Wall.
(2)特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时用疑问词作连接词，句子语序改为陈述句语序。当这个特殊疑问句是对主语或主语的一部分提问时，疑问句的语序与陈述句的语序相同，不用改变。
He said, “What are you thinking about？”
→He asked me what I was thinking about.
She said to me, “What's the trouble with me？”
→She asked me what was the trouble with her.
[注意]　试题通常不会直接考查直接引语变为间接引语，而是将其融入考查宾语从句和动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法中。因此，要特别注意宾语从句引导词的选择和主语、谓语的顺序。
3．特殊句型的注意事项
(1)转述含有please的祈使句或“Can/Could you...？”句型时，动词多用ask。
“Can you lend me some money？” he said.
→He asked me to lend him some money.
(2)否定的祈使句变为间接引语时要将not 放在不定式前。
“Don't talk，” he said to the students.
→He told the students not to talk.
(3)以let开头的祈使句，常用suggest (that) 转述。
He said, “Let's go camping next Saturday.”
→He suggested that they (should) go camping the next Saturday.
(4)直接引语是表示请求、劝告、建议等意义的疑问句时，变成间接引语用“advise/ask＋宾语＋不定式”结构转述。
“Would you mind moving your case？” he said.→He asked me to move my case.
Ⅰ.将下列直接引语改为间接引语
1．Henry said，“I don't want to stay here.”
→Henry said ．
2．My teacher asked me，“Do you like American country music？”
→My teacher asked me ．
3．She asked me，“What's the matter with you？”
→She asked me ．
that he didn't want to stay there
if/whether I liked American country music
what was the matter with me
4．My father said to me，“I worked here in 2018.”
→My father told me ．
5．The geography teacher said to us，“The earth goes around the sun.”
→The geography teacher told us ．
6．The mother said，“Doctor, please save my daughter.”
→ ．
that he worked there in 2018
that the earth goes around the sun
The mother asked the doctor to save her daughter
Ⅱ.将下列间接引语改为直接引语
1．Jane told me she was going to invite all her friends to have a get-together.
→“ ，” Jane told me.
2．She asked me if my father was an engineer.
→She asked me，“ ？”
3．I asked her where she was going and what she was going to do the next day.
→I asked her，“
？”
I'm going to invite all my friends to have a get-together
Is your father an engineer
Where are you going and what are you going to do tomorrow
4．The stranger asked me what my name was.
→The stranger asked me，“ ？”
5．She said that she would finish her work the next day.
→“ ，” she said.
6. The teacher suggested that the boys (should) pay attention to that.
→ The teacher said to the boys, “ ．”
What's your name
I'll finish my work tomorrow
Let's pay attention to this

展开更多......

收起↑