资源简介

(共40张PPT)
Section Ⅱ　Reading and Thinking—Language Points
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． n. 困境；逆境
2． adj. 严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3． n. 探险；远征；探险队
4． vt. 毁坏；压坏；压碎 n. 拥挤的人群
5． vi.(sank or sunk, sunk)沉没；下沉；下降 vt. 使下沉；使沉没
6． n．[pl.]财物；动产
7． n．& vi. 航海；航行
adversity
bitter
expedition
crush
sink
belongings
voyage
8． adj. 脾气好的/坏的
9． adj. 真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
10． n. (轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
11． adj. 残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
12． adj. 深入的；彻底的；细致的
13． n. 家具
14． n. 娱乐；消遣；游戏
15． n. 指导；引导；导航
good/bad-tempered
genuine
crew
cruel
thorough
furniture
recreation
guidance
16． n. 忍耐力；耐久力→ vt. 忍耐； 容忍
17． adj. 符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→
n. 资格；条件
18． adj.热情的； 热心的→ adv.热心地→ n. 热心；热情
19． vt. 分配； 分派；布置→ n. (分派的)工作； 任务
20． n．& vt. 羡慕；妒忌→ adj. 羡慕的； 嫉妒的→
adv. 羡慕地； 嫉妒地
endurance
endure
qualified
qualification
enthusiastic
enthusiastically
assign
assignment
envy
envious
enviously
enthusiasm
21． vt. 舍弃； 抛弃；放弃→ adj. 被抛弃的； 无约束的
22． adj. 痛苦的； 令人难受的→ n. 痛苦，悲惨； 不幸
23． adj. 自私的→ adv. 自私地→ n. 自私自利
24． vi. 坚持；孜孜以求→ n. 韧性； 毅力；不屈不挠的精神
25． vt.& vi. 决定； 决心； 解决(问题或困难) n. 决心；坚定的信念→ n. 决议；解决；坚定
abandon
abandoned
miserable
misery
selfish
selfishly
selfishness
persevere
perseverance
resolve
resolution
26． adv. 不幸地；遗憾地→ adv. 幸运地
27． n. 申请；请求；应用→ vt.& vi. 申请；涂，敷；应用
28． n. 广告活动；广告业→ vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告→ n. 广告
unfortunately
fortunately
application
apply
advertising
advertise
advertisement
Ⅱ.重点短语
1． 　　　　　 拒绝(某人)
2． 对……热情
3． 出发； 引起； 动身； 使爆炸
4． 困住；陷于
5． 扔掉；丢弃
6．to one's surprise
7．go from bad to worse
8．make it
turn sb. down
be enthusiastic about
set off
be/become stuck in
throw away
令某人感到惊讶的是
每况愈下
准时到达；获得成功；设法做成
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．完全倒装结构
some of Blackborow's diary entries.
以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。
2．so...that...“如此……以至于……”
But I was enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
Below are
so
that
3．too ... to ...“太……而不能”
...the voyage was dangerous and difficult for all of us make it in our small boats.
……这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。
too
to
词汇精讲
1．turn down 关小；拒绝
This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
这一次，她把火关小了，所以它烙得很好。
turn的其他短语：
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(某页)；转向
turn in 上交
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是；证明是；生产出
turn up 开大；出现
Why did she turn down your invitation
她为什么拒绝你的邀请？
He turned off the light and went out to have a walk.
他关上灯，然后出去散步了。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①He promised to come today, but he hasn't turned yet.
②Hurry up, boys! I'm waiting for you to turn your homework.
③Before you finish your exercises, don't turn the answers.
完成句子
④他说他是医生，但是后来证明他是个骗子。
He said he was a doctor，but later he ．
up
in
to
turned out to be a cheat
2．abandon vt.放弃；抛弃 n. 放任；放纵
The project had to be abandoned due to a lack of government funding.
这项工程因缺乏政府资助而不得不放弃。
(1)abandon one's hope/plan/idea
放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon oneself to... 沉湎于(某种情感)；沉溺于……；纵情于……(to为介词)
(2)with abandon 放纵地；放任地
(3)abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的
Feeling frustrated，I found myself abandoning myself to playing computer games.
我感到沮丧，发现自己沉溺于玩电脑游戏。
The children played in the rain with abandon，laughing and splashing.
孩子们在雨中无拘无束地玩耍，笑着泼水。
He collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages.
他收集了700多万块不同年代废弃的砖。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①They discovered some valuable goods in the (abandon) house.
②He owned a farm，which looked almost (abandon).
③They should not-abandon (complain) without taking action.
句式升级
④As he abandoned himself to smoking, he suffered from lung disease.
→ ，he suffered from lung disease.(使用现在分词短语作状语)
abandoned
abandoned
complaining
Abandoning himself to smoking
3．panic vi. & vt. (panicked; panicked)惊慌n.惊慌；恐慌
I had an awful pain in my chest and started to panic.
胸口一阵剧烈的疼痛，我开始惊慌失措了。
(1)panic sb. into doing sth.使某人仓促行动
(2)get into a panic 陷入恐慌
(3)in (a) panic 惊慌失措地；处在恐慌中
The big fire panicked him into jumping from the third floor to the ground.
大火吓得他从三楼跳下来。
She trembled with panic and anxiety，and when she climbed down the stairs she was out of breath.
她因恐慌和焦虑而颤抖，当她爬下楼梯时，她已经气喘吁吁了。
[名师点津]　panic的过去式、过去分词形式为panicked；现在分词为panicking。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①I (panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.
②The people got a panic when the disaster occurred.
③The war panicked a lot of people into (leave) the country.
完成句子
④As a matter of fact, there is no point (对考试惊慌失措).
panicked
into
leaving
getting into a panic about the exams
4．survive v. 幸免于难；幸存；生还；艰难度过
Human life is regarded as part of nature and the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.
人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，我们存活下去的唯一方法是和自然和谐相处。
(1)survive from 从……幸存
survive sth. 幸免于某事
survive sb. by＋一段时间　
比某人活得长
survive on 依靠……生存下来
(2)survival n. 幸存；残存
survivor n. 幸存者
The company managed to survive the crisis.
公司设法渡过了危机。
As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.
据我所知， 这个老太太比丈夫多活了十年。
[名师点津]　survive表示“幸免于”时，是及物动词，因而不要加多余的介词in，from等。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①The man's (survive) was surprising, as the doctors thought he would die.
② (survive) that severe winter，we were confident that everything would be all right.
③Some strange customs have survived earlier times.
完成句子
④Many of the peasants managed to (依靠……活下来) tiny plots of corn and beans.
survival
Having survived
from
survive on
5．application n. 应用；申请；请求
We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.
我们遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。
(1)make an application (to sb.) for sth.
(向某人)申请某物
(2)apply v. 应用；适用；申请；请求
apply sth. to 把……应用到……
apply to 适用于……；向……申请
apply oneself to...
致力于……；集中精力于……
apply for 申请/请求……
(3)applicant n. 申请人
I'd like to make an application for a loan.
我想申请一笔贷款。
He manages to enrich his own cultural life, applying himself to learning English.
他致力于学英语来充实自己的文化生活。
I have been out of work for half a year，so I want to apply for a job in this company.
我已经失业半年了，所以想在这家公司申请一份工作。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①The results of this research can be applied new developments in technology.
②Later I decided to apply my previous experience to (learn) how to read and write.
to
learning
③The who want for the position should hand in their forms.(apply)
④As the wages were high, there were many (apply) for the job.
完成句子
⑤我们应该把理论应用于实践。
We should practice.
applicants
to apply
application
applicants
apply theory to
句型精析
1．Below are some of Blackborow's diary entries.
以下是布莱克博罗的几篇日记摘录。
本句使用了完全倒装结构。
(1)当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语，而主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持平衡或强调表语，常把表语放在句首，引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为“分词/副词/形容词/介词短语＋be＋主语”。
(2)表示处所、方位、时间等的副词或介词，如 here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, off 等放在句首，而主语是名词，且谓语动词是 be, lie, sit,
stand, come, go, exist, live, rush等不及物动词时，句子可以用完全倒装结构。
(3)there be句型也属于完全倒装结构。该句型中的be可以替换为live, exist, lie, stand, seem, rise, remain, happen, come, go等动词。句型结构为“there＋特定动词＋主语”。
Out rushed a cat from under the bed.
从床底下跑出一只猫。
Among all these flowers is included a kind of red rose, which was given by my friend.
有一种红色玫瑰花包括在这些花中，那是我朋友给的。
There stands a temple on the top of the mountain.山顶有座庙。
[名师点津]　完全倒装结构的时态只限于一般现在时或一般过去时。
[即学即用]　完成句子
①躺在沙滩上的是一个母亲和她两个儿子。
the mother，along with her two sons.
②出席晚会的有格林先生和许多其他宾客。
Mr.Green and many other guests.
Lying on the beach was
Present at the party were
句型转换
③Our new teacher stands in the front of the classroom.
→In the front of the classroom ．
④A young man with a book in his hand sits by the window.
→ a young man with a book in his hand.
stands our new teacher
By the window sits
2．But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship, the Endurance, and hid in a small cupboard.
但是，满怀着想要与他们同赴南极的热情，我偷偷地爬上了他的“坚忍”号轮船，躲在一个小橱柜里。
“so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，在句中引导结果状语从句。
(1)
(2)“such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”，其主要结构如下：
My mother is so stubborn that I can never persuade her to give in.
我母亲很固执，我从来不能说服她让步。
It is so good a film that I like to see it a second time.＝It is such a good film that I like to see it a second time.
这部电影如此好，以至于我想再看一遍。
[名师点津]　a.当名词前有little时， 若little 意为“少”，表示数量，则其前用so修饰；若little 意为“小”，则用such 修饰。
b．“so＋adj./adv.”或“such＋被修饰成分”位于句首时，主句用部分倒装结构。
[即学即用]　完成句子
①他们问了如此多问题，把我弄糊涂了。
They asked they confused me.
②他取得如此快速的进步以至于他的老师表扬了他。
He made his teacher praised him.
③她是一个如此可爱的女孩，以至于她所有的同学都很喜欢她。
is she that all her classmates like her.
④天气这么糟，我们不得不待在家里。
We had we had got to stay at home.
so many questions that
such rapid progress that
Such a lovely girl
such bad weather that
3．...the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats.
……这一航行对于我们所有人而言太危险、太艰难了，乘坐小船，肯定无法每个人都到达。
句中“too ... to ...”意为“太……而不能……”。
(1)“too＋adj./adv. (for sb.)＋to do sth.”表示否定的意义，意思是“太……而不能……”。
(2)当“too...to...”用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词，如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing等时，不定式表示肯定意义。
(3)can't/can never...too...
再怎么……也不过分
It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open.
对它们来说还是有点儿太冷了，不能出去。
When you cross the street, you can't be too careful.
过马路时，你无论怎么小心都不为过。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①In my view，the problem is too difficult for me (solve).
②He was too eager (know) the result of his examination.
句式升级
③You must be very careful when you do your homework.
→You when you do your homework.(用“can't...too...”句型)
to solve
to know
can't be too careful
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His (娱乐活动) include golf, football and shooting.
2．A computer has a wide range of (应用) for business.
3．I can't stand people who are (残忍的) to animals.
4．He has never stopped trying and shows great (毅力).
5．Five members of Scott's (探险队)made it to the South Pole.
6．When the boat (下沉), they had to swim for it.
recreations
applications
cruel
perseverance
expedition
sank
7．Activities all take place under the (指导) of an experienced tutor.
8．After dinner the men wrapped themselves in their (毯子) and slept.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．If you want to (对……热情)your work, remember these three things.
2． (这个女孩虽然年轻)，she is good at dealing with such a person.
guidance
blankets
be enthusiastic about
Young as the girl is
3．He (沉溺于) the Internet games and didn't pass the exam.
4．When she found her son was out of sight, the lady (陷入惊慌).
5．这家饭店隔壁还有多栋大楼和另一家装修华丽的大酒店。
Next to this restaurant and another grand hotel which is beautifully decorated.
6．那个农场主非常热情，我们发现拒绝他很难。
The farmer was we found it hard to turn him down.
abandoned himself to
got into a panic
stand many buildings
so enthusiastic that

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