资源简介

(共46张PPT)
Section Ⅳ　Using Language&Assessing Your Progress
UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE
难词注解
①ahead of 在……前面；早于……
②cheer sb.up使某人感到振奋；使某人感到高兴
③make fire生火
④give off散发出(气体、热量或气味)
⑤episode n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
⑥commitment n. 承诺；保证；奉献
教材原文
THE REWARD FOR PERSEVERANCE
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. It was easy to imagine the danger ahead of① them. Would they ever return to find us What might happen to them What if they were delayed We felt so alone and desperate. But it was not for long. There was nothing like a good dinner and some music to cheer us up②.
Life fell into a regular pattern. Staying alive took all our time and energy. For example，we needed water, and Elephant Island had none. We found that we
教材原文
could melt ice from the ocean and drink the water from it. But how could we make fire③？ There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat.1 This gave off④ oily, black smoke, but it stayed burning even in strong winds.
1 本句为so 引导的并列句。前一分句为there be 句型，其中growing on Antarctica 为现在分词作定语，修饰trees; 后一分句中we could use 为定语从句， 前面省略关系代词that。
教材原文
Food was also a problem, as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island. One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals: “The food now is pretty well all meat of sea creatures.”2 If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve. As a chef, it was my duty to cook, so I tried to vary the meals in whatever way I could. But it was difficult.
2 句中how 引导宾语从句。
教材原文
We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing temperatures could make us ill. It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clothes as to become too cold from wearing too few.3 The sweat could freeze very quickly. Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we burnt for our fires. It damaged our eyes and burnt our lungs.
3 本句为“as...as...”结构。
The twenty-two of us lived like this in the cold for four months. Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a
教材原文
positive and successful way. We also celebrated our birthdays, festivals, and even the times when we caught a sea animal. This was an episode⑤ in my life that I would never forget.
When we were finally rescued, we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears.4 We were at last free to go home to warm beds, good food, and the care of our family and friends. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive. And he paid us back by his commitment⑥ to save us from a slow but painful death.
4 句中when 引导时间状语从句，主句为“such...that...”句型。
课文翻译
锲而不舍的回报
　　我们看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离象岛。不难想象他们要面临的危险。他们会回来找到我们吗？他们会发生什么事呢？如果他们被耽搁了，那怎么办？我们感到如此孤独和绝望。不过，这种情绪并没有持续很久。没有什么比一顿丰盛的晚餐和一点音乐更能让我们振作起来了。
生活陷入了一个固定的模式。求生耗费了我们所有的时间和精力。例如，我们需要水，而象岛没有。我们发现可以把海上的冰融化成水，然后饮用。可是我们怎么生火呢？南极没有树木，也没有石油，我们可
课文翻译
以使用的唯一燃料就是动物脂肪。这种燃料会产生油腻的黑烟，但它在强风中仍能保持燃烧。
食物也是个问题，因为在岛上我们找不到任何蔬菜或水果。我们的一位团队成员，莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特，在日记中写下了他对三餐的厌烦程度：“现在的食物几乎全是海洋生物。”要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。作为一名厨师，我的职责是烹饪食物，于是我想方设法变换三餐的花样。但是，这实在太难了。
课文翻译
我们十分小心，避免过于频繁地外出，因为气温变化会使人生病。衣服穿得太多造成过热与衣服穿得太少造成过冷几乎是一样危险的。汗水会迅速结冰。我们燃烧动物脂肪取火，冒出的黑烟使我们很多人都得病了。这种黑烟损害我们的眼睛，而且伤害我们的肺部。
我们22个人就这样在冰天雪地里度过了四个月。纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。生日、节日甚至捕获海洋动物之时，我们都会庆祝一番。这是我生命中永远不会忘却的一段经历。
课文翻译
最终获救时，我们如释重负、喜不自禁，我们许多人都难掩泪水。我们终于可以回家了，回归温暖的被窝、(享受)可口的食物以及家人朋友的关爱。我们的乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任让我们顽强地活了下来，而他则用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。
Step 1　Fast-reading
Ⅰ.Read the passage quickly and fill in the following blanks with suitable words.
Beginning Watching as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island，we felt so alone and ① ，but it was not for long.
desperate
Challenges
and
perseverance ·We melt ice from the ocean and drank the water from it；we used animal ② to make fire.
·What we ate was all meat of sea ③ .
·We had to be careful not to go outside too often, as the changing ④ could make us ill.
·Our ⑤ and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
fat
creatures
temperatures
discipline
Reward Our optimism and ⑥ in Shackleton had helped us persevere in staying alive and we were finally rescued.
faith
Ⅱ.The main idea of the passage is ．
that Shackleton's men took all their time and energy to stay alive and were finally rescued
Step 2　Careful-reading
Read the passage again and answer the questions.
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage
A．They couldn't find water，plants or sea animals.
B．They couldn't find water，vegetables or fruit.
C．They lived in very warm weather.
D．They needn't worry about what they would eat.　
2．Why didn't they go outside too often
A．Because of the changing temperatures.
B．Because of too few clothes.
C．Because of the black smoke of the animal fat.
D．Because of the frozen sweat.
3．How did the men stay in good spirits while waiting to be rescued
A．By living together.
B．By catching sea animals.
C．By discipline and team spirit.
D．By celebrating festivals.
4．It was that helped them survive the terrible conditions.
A．fruit and vegetables
B．their chef and the delicious food
C.their discipline，team spirit and their faith in Shackleton
D．their friends and their family
5．What was the key reason for their survival
A．Optimism.　　　 B．Perseverance.
C．Commitment. D．All of above.
答案　1.B　2.A　3.C　4.C　5.D
Ⅰ.重点单词
1． n．领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者
2． adj. 忠诚的；忠实的
3． n．发动机；马达 adj. 有引擎的；机动车的
4． n. 候选人；应试者
5． n. (人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲
6． n. 动机；原因；目的
7． adj. 汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→ adv. 粗糙地；概略地
navigator
loyal
motor
candidate
episode
motive
rough
roughly
8． n. 承诺；保证；奉献→ vt. 犯罪，做错事；承诺，保证
Ⅱ.重点短语
1． 　　　　　　　 在……之前
2． 使某人振作起来
3． 生火
4． 散发出(气体、热量或气味)
5．pay sb. back
commitment
commit
ahead of
cheer sb. up
make fire
give off
支付某人；报答某人
6．sign up for
7．fall into
8．under one's guidance
Ⅲ.核心句型
1．“What if...？”句型表示“倘若……将会怎样；如果……将会怎样”
they were delayed
如果他们被耽搁了，那怎么办？
注册；选课；报名参加
陷入……
在某人的带领下
What if
2．虚拟条件句
If it weren't for sea animals, ．
要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。
3．keep的复合结构(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Our discipline and team spirit and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。
we would all starve
kept us optimistic
词汇精讲
1．give off 散发出(气体、热量或气味)
Many flowers give off a nice smell.
许多花朵都会散发出香味。
give up 戒除；放弃；让出
give in (to...) (向……)屈服，投降，让步
give away 泄露；暴露；赠送；捐赠
give out 分配，分发；(食物、燃料、力气等)用光；精疲力竭
On the bus，the young should give up their seats to the people in need.
在公共汽车上，年轻人应该把座位让给需要帮助的人。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing ．
②It is said that the wood gives a sweet，perfumed smell as it burns.
③The argument went on for hours because neither side would give ．
④He decided to give up (drink) because it did a lot of harm to his health.
⑤If you think you are right, don't give in his decision.
away
off
in
drinking
to
2．vary vt.& vi. 改变；变化
The research team is made up of the students, whose ages vary from 10 to 15.
这个研究小组是由年龄从十岁到十五岁不等的学生组成的。
(1) vary from...to...
在……到……之间变动
vary with (根据情况)变化
vary in sth.(一组类似的事物大小、形状等)不同，有别
(2)variety n. 变化；多样性；种类
a variety of＝varieties of＝all kinds of
种类繁多的；各种各样的
(3)various adj. 不同的；各种各样的
for various reasons 由于种种原因
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.
当探险者第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上充满了各种各样的野生动物。
[名师点津]　“a variety of＋名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致；“the variety of＋复数名词”意为“……的品种；……的多样性”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①Opinions on this matter vary person person.
②The variety of his books (be) astonishing.
③A variety of books (be) on the desk.
④The prices of some vegetables vary the season.
from
to
is
are
with
3．relief n. (焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除；(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
News of her safety came as a great relief.
她平安的消息给大家带来巨大的安慰。
with relief 宽慰地
to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
It is/was a relief to do sth.
做某事是一种解脱
Hearing my son had been admitted by Tsinghua University, I smiled with relief.
听说我的儿子被清华大学录取了，我如释重负地笑了。
To her relief, her younger brother recovered quickly after operation.
让她欣慰的是，她弟弟手术后恢复得很快。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①Having seen the patient come back to life, Doctor Li nodded his head
relief.
②Much the relief of the woman, her husband was out of danger.
③It is a great relief (know) you are out of danger.
with
to
to know
4．commitment n.承诺；保证；奉献
I felt I did not have to make such a commitment to them.
我觉得我没必要对他们作出这样的承诺。
(1) make a commitment (to do sth.)
作出承诺(做某事)
(2)commit vt. 犯罪；做错事；承诺
commit an error/a crime 做错事/犯罪
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于(做)某事；承诺/保证(做)某事
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的
be committed to (doing) sth.
承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
I have never committed any crime.
我从未犯过任何罪。
He didn't commit himself to anything on that matter.
他没有对那件事作出任何承诺。
They are committed members of the team.
他们是忠于职守的队员。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①He was a good man who was (commit) to his family as well as to his work.
②If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a
(commit).
③They committed themselves to (reduce) their carbon footprint.
完成句子
④如果你专注于自己的学业，终有一天你会取得成功。
If you your study, you'll succeed one day.
committed
commitment
reducing
commit yourself to
句型精析
1．What if they were delayed
如果他们被耽搁了，那怎么办？
“What if...？”常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘若……将会怎样；如果……将会怎样”，后面经常用一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以用虚拟语气。
(1)“What if...？”可以理解为一个省略句，类似的表达还有：
How come 怎么会这样？
What for 为了什么目的？为什么？
So what 那又怎样？
What's up 怎么了？发生什么事了？
(2)What if＋各种时态
①表示常态，更现实、更可能的情况，可以用一般现在时。
②假设性更强时，可以用虚拟语气，也就是用一般过去时来虚拟将来。
③对过去的假设用过去式，此时过去式不表示虚拟语气。
It sounds like a good offer，but what if it's a trick
那个提议听起来很诱人， 但如果是个骗局该怎么办？
What if she finds out that you've lost her book
如果她发现你把她的书弄丢了怎么办？
—Susan is absent from today's writing class.
—How come？She has never missed a class.
——苏珊缺席了今天的写作课。
——怎么会这样？她从不缺课。
—What if there is no kerosene (煤油) this winter
—So what We still have electricity.
——今年冬天如果没有煤油可怎么办呢？
——那又怎么样？我们还有电呢。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①What if there (be) no water on the earth
②What if I (forget) my password
完成句子
③ (如果……将会怎样) we failed the final exam
④You seem to get mad. ？(发生什么事了？)
were
forget
What if
What's up
2．If it weren't for sea animals, we would all starve.要不是有海洋生物，我们都得挨饿。
句中使用了虚拟条件句。虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法见下表：
虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与现在事
实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反 过去完成时 would/should/could/might＋have＋过去分词
虚拟情况 从句谓语动词 主句谓语动词
与将来事实相反 ·一般过去时(be用were)
·should＋动词原形
·were to＋动词原形 would/should/could/might＋动词原形
If my brother were here, everything would be all right.(与现在事实相反)
要是我哥哥在这儿，一切就都没问题了。
If you had got up earlier, you would have caught the train.(与过去事实相反)
如果你早点起床， 你就会赶上火车了。
If it rained/ should rain/were to rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting.(与将来事实相反)
如果明天下雨的话，我们就得推迟运动会。
[名师点津]　在 if 引导的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词有were/should/had时，可以省略if，把它们提到主语前面，条件从句变为部分倒装句。
Were she here，she would agree with us.
＝If she were here，she would agree with us.
如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。
Had it not been for the bad weather, we would have arrived on time.
＝If it had not been for the bad weather, we would have arrived on time.
若不是天气不好，我们就准时到达了。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①If I had enough money now, I (buy) a car.
②If we (drive) in turn, you wouldn't have got so tired.
③If it were to snow tomorrow, we (take) photos.
would buy
had driven
would take
句型转换
④If I were not so careless, I would not have lost my watch yesterday.
→ , I would not have lost my watch yesterday.
⑤If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you.
→ , I would have telephoned you.
Were I not so careless
Had I known your telephone number yesterday
3．Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and helped us deal with our fears in a positive and successful way.
纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，帮助我们积极、成功地应对恐惧感。
keep常跟复合结构(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)。这一结构的宾语补足语通常是现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语等。
She kept the children amused for hours.
她陪孩子们玩了好几个小时。
He always keeps his books in good order.
他总是把书放得整整齐齐。
[即学即用]　单句语法填空
①It is necessary that we keep the young generation (inform) of the current affairs.
②The question kept me (wonder) for the rest of the night.
完成句子
③它能够使我们避免近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。
It can prevent us from getting shortsighted and ．
informed
wondering
it can keep us physically
healthy
④另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多时间只会让我们远离学业。
For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only ．
keep us
away from our studies
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We made a (commit) to keep working together.
2．What it rained and then froze all through those months
3．His (loyal) to his friends was never in doubt.
4. (fortunately)，the two boys were both injured in the accident.
5．If he (not be) ill, he would have done something to help us.
6．You ought to give smoking.
7．We live (rough) halfway between here and the coast.
commitment
if
loyalty
Unfortunately
had not been
up
roughly
8．I finished several days ahead the deadline.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． (极大的欣慰)to find that my family were all safe.
2．The charge (从5元到10元不等).
3．If I (有足够的钱)，I would send the boy to that country for further education.
4． (如果你早一点到达), you would have caught the bus.
5．少说话，多观察。
and your eyes open.
of
It was a great relief
varies from 5 yuan to 10 yuan
had enough money
Had you come earlier/If you had come earlier
Keep your mouth shut

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