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(共20张PPT)
知识过关第3讲：语法复习
2026春 · 仁爱版英语八年级下册期中复习
核心语法梳理 | 高频考点全覆盖 | 夯实期中基础
本次复习内容概览
UNIT 07
Be a Better Learner
`it` 作形式主语/宾语 / `疑问词 + to do` 结构
`had better (not) do sth` 建议句型
`keep / practice doing` 持续动作用法
UNIT 08
Every Coin Counts!
`used to do` 与 `be used to doing` 辨析
spend / pay / cost / take 四大“花费”
`too...to...` / `so...that...` / `prefer` 核心句型
UNIT 09
Forces of Nature
时间状语从句与过去进行时
`while` 与 `when` 的用法区别
`so that` / `in order to` 目的状语表达
REVIEW · 实战演练
高频句型回顾与练习
重点语法句型的综合填空练习
典型错误句子的分析与纠正
口语/写作场景中的句型应用
Unit 7 - 核心语法：it 作形式主语/宾语 & 疑问词 + to do
it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语
核心概念
当主语/宾语是较长的不定式短语时，用 it 作形式主语/宾语置于句首，真正的成分（不定式）后置，避免头重脚轻。
经典结构公式
形式主语：It + be + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do
形式宾语：S + V + it + adj. + to do
① It’s important to learn English well.
② I find it easy to remember new words.
疑问词 + to do 结构
核心概念
疑问词 (what/which/how/where/when) 后接不定式，构成名词性短语，在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。
经典结构公式
基本构成：疑问词 + to do sth.
功能：相当于名词性从句，作句子成分
① I don't know how to learn English well.
② Can you tell me what to do next
Unit 7 - 核心语法：had better (not) do & keep doing
had better (not) do sth.
核心概念
表示“最好（不要）做某事”，用于提出建议或劝告。注意：had better 后必须紧跟动词原形。
核心结构
主语 + had better (not) + 动词原形
经典例句
You’d better read more books to improve your vocabulary.
You’d better not stay up late before an exam.
keep doing / keep on doing
核心概念
表示“一直/持续做某事”，强调动作的不间断性。两者意思相近，在日常使用中通常可以互换。
核心结构
keep (on) + 动词-ing 形式 (现在分词)
经典例句
If you keep practicing, you will succeed in the end.
He kept on asking the same question in the meeting.
Unit 7 - 核心语法：practice doing & 后接动名词的动词
重点核心：practice doing sth.
核心概念
`practice` 意为“练习”，强调反复实践。在英语语法中，它是及物动词，后面必须跟动名词（V-ing）作宾语。
核心公式结构
主语 + practice +doing sth.(动词-ing形式)
经典语境例句
You should practicespeakingEnglish every day. (每天练习说英语)
She practicesplayingthe piano for two hours daily. (每天练琴两小时)
拓展积累：后接动名词的高频动词
语法规律与词群
英语中部分动词只能接动名词作宾语。核心词群：finish, enjoy, mind, keep, avoid, suggest。建议将这些词作为一个“词组块”记忆。
通用公式结构
主语 + [核心动词] +doing sth.(动词-ing形式)
场景应用例句
I have finisheddoingmy homework. (做完作业)
We enjoyplayingbasketball after school. (喜欢打球)
Would you mindclosingthe window (介意关窗)
Unit 8 - 核心语法：used to do vs. be used to doing
used to do sth.
核心概念：表示“过去常常做某事”，强调过去的习惯与现在形成鲜明对比（现在已不做）。
结构公式：used to + 动词原形 (do)
be used to doing sth.
核心概念：表示“习惯于做某事”，强调当下的状态。注意 to 是介词，后接名词或动名词。
结构公式：be + used to + doing / n.
过去对比 (Change)
"I used to get up late." → 这是过去的情况，现在已经改变了（不再晚起）。
现在状态 (Habit)
"I am used to getting up early." → 这是现在的常态，已经养成了早起的习惯。
Unit 8 - 核心语法：be used to do & 四个“花费”
01. 被动语态：be used to do / for doing
核心概念：表“用途”
表示“某物被用来做某事”。注意 to 后接动词原形，for 后接动名词 (doing)。
标准句型结构
S + be used to + do (动词原形)
S + be used for + doing (动名词)
经典例句示范
Coins are used to buy things. / for buying things.
(译：硬币被用来购买各种商品)
02. 高频考点：四词“花费”辨析
spend (主语为人)
sb. spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth.
pay (主语为人，常接 for)
sb. pay (some money) for sth. (为某物付款)
cost (主语为物/事)
sth. cost (sb.) + some money. (某物花了某人多少钱)
take (It 作形式主语)It takes sb. + time + to do sth.
Unit 8 - 核心语法：`too...to...` vs. `so...that...`
too...to... 结构
核心概念
表示“太……而不能……”，句型本身已包含否定含义，无需再加否定词。
标准公式
主语 + be + too + 形/副 + to do sth.
经典例句
The box is too heavy for me to carry.
（箱子太重，我搬不动。）
so...that... 结构
核心概念
表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，that后接完整的句子。
标准公式
主语 + be + so + 形/副 + that + 从句
经典例句
The bag is so cheap that I want to buy it.
（包很便宜，以至于我想买。）
句型互换技巧
两者可以相互转换，核心是在 that 从句中补充否定含义。
Original (too...to)
The box is too heavy to carry.
Converted (so...that)
The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.
Unit 8 - 核心语法：prefer 的用法
01
prefer to do sth.
概念：表示“更喜欢做某事”，强调对某一个具体动作的偏好。
结构：prefer to + 动词原形
I prefer to stay at home on weekends.
(译：我周末更喜欢待在家里。)
02
prefer A to B
概念：比起B更喜欢A。to是介词，A/B通常为名词或动名词。
结构：prefer + A + to + B
I prefer tea to coffee.
She prefers singing to dancing.
(译：比起咖啡/跳舞，更喜欢茶/唱歌。)
03
prefer to do rather than do
概念：宁愿做某事而不愿做另一件事，强调两者之间的取舍。
结构：prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
He prefers to read rather than watch TV.
(译：他宁愿看书也不愿看电视。)
Unit 9 - 核心语法：时间状语从句
核心概念：由连词引导，在句中作时间状语的从句。常用引导词：when, while, as, before, after, until 等。
when · 当……时候
指时间点/段。例：When the earthquake happened, I was sleeping.
while · 当……时候
指时间段，常接进行时。例：While it was raining, we stayed at home.
as · 一边……一边
强调动作同时发生。例：She sang as she walked.
before · 在……之前
强调先后顺序。例：Do your homework before you watch TV.
after · 在……之后
动作完成后发生。例：I went to bed after I finished my work.
until · 直到……为止
动作持续到某时。例：Wait here until I come back.
Unit 9 - 核心语法：过去进行时
核心概念
表示在过去某个特定时间点或时间段内，动作正在持续进行的状态。
记忆口诀：
“过去某时正做啥，was/were加ing”
构成公式
主语 + was/were + V-ing
was：第一人称 / 第三人称单数
were：第二人称 / 所有复数人称
典型用法
01. 特定时间点的持续动作
Q: What were you doing at 8 PM
A: I was watching TV.
02. 背景动作 (When 打断)
I was reading a bookwhenthe phone rang.
(长动作背景 + 短动作打断)
Unit 9 - 核心语法：while vs. when 区别
01. while 引导的时间状语从句
核心强调：延续性 & 同时进行
主从句动作在一段时间内同时发生，强调动作的“持续性”，如同两条平行线。
时态特征：进行时态
从句中通常使用过去进行时或现在进行时 (be + doing)。
例：While I was doing my homework, my mom was cooking. (我做作业时，妈妈正在做饭)
02. when 引导的时间状语从句
核心强调：瞬间打断 / 先后发生
一个动作发生时打断了另一个动作；或一个动作完成后，另一个动作紧接着发生。
时态特征：短暂性 / 一般时态
常接短暂性动词，从句多用一般过去时 (did) 或一般现在时。
例1: I was reading when he called me. (我正看书，这时他打电话来)
例2: When I finished homework, I went to bed. (做完作业后，我就睡觉了)
黄金记忆口诀：while 接长动作（常用进行时），when 接短动作（常用一般时）
Unit 9 - 核心语法：so that & in order to
核心概念：两者均用于引导目的状语，表达“为了...”的含义，但在句子结构和用法上有明显区别。
so that · 引导从句
结构：主句 + so that + 从句 (常含 can/could/may/might)
We got up early so that we could catch the bus.
in order to · 接动词原形
结构：in order to + 动词原形 (直接修饰动词，表目的)
We got up early in order to catch the bus.
灵活转换技巧
在语义不变的前提下，从句结构可与不定式短语进行同义替换，使表达更丰富。
so that 版本：
He spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him.
in order to 版本：
He spoke loudly in order to make everyone hear him.
Unit 9 - 核心语法：`warn` & `stop`
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
核心概念
表示“警告某人（不要）做某事”，通常用于对潜在危险或不当行为的提醒。
语法结构
warn + 宾语 + (not) to + 动词原形
注意：必须使用动词不定式 (to do)
"The teacher warned us not to swim in the river."
译：老师警告我们不要在河里游泳。
stop sb. from doing sth.
核心概念
表示“阻止/妨碍某人做某事”。在主动语态中，介词 from 通常可以省略。
语法结构
stop + 宾语 + (from) + 动词-ing (动名词)
注意：必须使用动名词 (doing)
"The heavy rain stopped them from going out."
译：大雨阻止了他们外出。(from 可省略)
Unit 9 - 核心语法：`protect` & `enough to`
保护与隔离 · Protect & Keep
核心概念：表示“保护……免受……”或“使……远离……”。强调对人或物的安全防护。
固定结构：
protect + 宾语 + from + n./v-ing
keep + 宾语 + away from + 名词
Wearing sunscreen can protect your skin from the sun.
Keep the children away from the fire.
足够条件 · Enough to do
核心概念：表示“足够……去做某事”。
重点：enough 修饰形容词或副词时，必须后置。
核心公式：
形容词 / 副词 + enough + to + 动词原形
He is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
She is smart enough to solve the problem.
高频必考句型回顾
It’s + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.
解释：做某事是……的
例: It's necessary for us to learn a foreign language.
疑问词 + to do (What/How/Where...)
解释：如何做 / 做什么 / 去哪里……
例: I don't know what to do next.
had better do / had better not do
解释：最好做某事 / 最好不要做某事
例: You'd better ask the teacher for help.
used to do sth.
解释：过去常常做某事 (现在已不做)
例: She used to have long hair when she was young.
spend time / money (in) doing sth.
解释：花费时间 / 金钱做某事
too...to... / so...that...
解释：太...而不能 / 如此...以至于...
例: He is too young to go to school.
was / were doing ... when ...
解释：正在做某事，这时突然发生另一件事
例: I was taking a shower when the phone rang.
stop / prevent sb. from doing sth.
解释：阻止某人做某事
例: Nothing can stop him from achieving his dream.
protect ... from / against ...
解释：保护……免受……的伤害
例: We should protect the environment from pollution.
warn sb. (not) to do sth.
解释：警告某人（不要）做某事
学以致用：单项选择
Question 01 · 词汇辨析
I remembered ________ about this in Mr. Li’s geography class.
A. learn B. learned
C. to learn D. learning
核心考点：remember 的用法
doing：记得做过 (已发生) | to do：记得去做 (未发生)
语境提示：in class 说明动作已发生，故用 doing 形式。
正确答案：D. learning
Question 02 · 语法应用
If you ________ a monthly budget, you will know exactly where money goes.
A. make B. will make
C. made D. makes
核心考点：If 引导的条件状语从句
规则：遵循“主将从现” (主句将来时，从句现在时)
语境提示：主句为 will know，主语为 you，故用动词原形。
正确答案：A. make
学以致用：适当形式填空
题目 01
Why not ________ (write) down the new words
核心考点：提建议句型 Why not...
解题规则：句型后必须直接跟动词原形。
本题答案：write
题目 02
In our country today, we pay with our mobile phones ________ (near) everywhere.
核心考点：形容词与副词的词性转换。
逻辑分析：需副词修饰动词 pay，near 的副词是 nearly。
本题答案：nearly
总结与课后作业
本次复习重点
非谓语动词核心
重点掌握 to do 表目的/将来，doing 表主动/进行的用法区别。
过去进行时 (Past Continuous)
结构：was/were + doing，强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
状语从句 & 核心句型
时间/目的状语从句引导词；熟练运用 too...to... 与 so...that... 句型转换。
课后作业清单
01. 知识巩固练习
完成学案中“知识巩固”板块剩余的选择题与填空题，核对答案。
02. 核心句型记忆
背诵并默写【高频必考句型】，注意固定搭配的介词和时态使用。
03. 实战造句应用
尝试结合今天复习的至少5个语法点，各造一个通顺、有意义的句子。
Thank You!
Keep practicing and you will make progress!/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
第3讲 语法复习
【 语法归纳】
Unit7 Be a Better Learner
核心语法：
it 作形式主语 / 形式宾语
It’s important to learn English well.
学好英语很重要。
I find it easy to remember new words.
我发现记单词很容易。
疑问词 + to do
how to learn 如何学习
what to do 做什么
where to go 去哪里
when to start 何时开始
had better (not) do sth
最好（不要）做某事
You’d better read more.
You’d better not stay up late.
keep doing / keep on doing
一直做某事，持续做某事
practice doing sth
练习做某事
practice speaking English
finish / enjoy / mind / keep + doing
后接动名词作宾语
Unit8 Every Coin Counts!
核心语法：
used to do
过去常常做某事（现在不做了）
I used to shop online a lot.
be used to doing
习惯于做某事
He is used to paying by phone.
be used to do = be used for doing
被用来做某事
Coins are used to buy things.
spend / pay / cost / take
四个“花费”辨析
sb. spend time/money on sth. / (in) doing
sb. pay money for sth.
sth. cost sb. money
It takes sb. time to do sth.
too...to...
太……而不能……
It’s too expensive to buy.
so...that...
如此……以至于……
The bag is so cheap that I want to buy it.
prefer to do sth / prefer A to B
更喜欢做某事；比起B更喜欢A
Unit9 Forces of Nature
核心语法：
时间状语从句（when / while / as / before / after / until）
When the earthquake happened, I was sleeping.
While it was raining, we stayed at home.
过去进行时
was/were + doing
过去某个时刻正在做某事
I was watching TV when the storm came.
while & when 区别
while + 延续性动作（进行时）
when + 短暂性动作（一般过去时）
so that / in order to
为了……
We got up early so that we could leave on time.
We got up early in order to leave on time.
warn sb. (not) to do sth
警告某人（不要）做某事
stop sb. from doing sth
阻止某人做某事
protect...from / keep...away from
保护……免受……；使远离
形容词 + enough to do
足够……去做某事
He is strong enough to help others.
高频必考句型（必背）
It’s + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth.
2.疑问词 + to do
had better do
used to do
spend...doing
too...to... / so...that...
was/were doing...when...
stop sb. from doing
protect...from...
warn sb. to do
【 知识巩固】
一、单项选择
1．I always read the texts aloud every morning and learn them ________ heart.
A．in B．on C．with D．by
2．I remembered ________ about this in Mr. Li’s geography class.
A．learn B．learned C．to learn D．learning
3．Remember to take your umbrella with you ________ you leave home. It’s going to rain.
A．before B．after C．until D．while
4．You should ________ what the teacher says carefully in class if you want to get good grades.
A．go over B．take notes C．take up D．fight for
5．The main ________ of the meeting is to help students learn to protect themselves.
A．purpose B．cash C．dollar D．pocket
6．The paper money is a great ________. It changed the world.
A．invent B．inventor C．invention D．inventing
7．Our teacher asked us to have a ________ about how to manage pocket money.
A．discuss B．discussion C．to discuss D．discussing
8．If you ________ a monthly budget, you will know exactly where your money goes.
A．make B．will make C．made D．makes
9．To ________ ourselves in natural disasters, we must learn some survival skills.
A．protect B．destroy C．cause D．shake
10．The rescue workers worked ________ of all to save the people in the flood.
A．hard B．harder C．hardest D．hardly
二、适当形式填空
11．Why not ________ (write) down the new words
12．His uncle’s ________ (die) made him really sad.
13．The team’s loss in the final match ________ (disappoint) their fans.
14．—Mom, when can I leave the table I am full.
—Not until each guest ________ (finish) the meal. Wait politely.
15．If you have trouble, you can ask the teacher for ________ (help).
16．In our country today, we pay with our mobile phones ________ (near) everywhere.
17．He continued ________ (read) the story after dinner.
18．Look! The typhoon is ________ (come) towards us.
19．We should learn where ________ (hide) in an earthquake.
20．She did very ________ (good) in the first aid training.
21．Thanks to early warnings, we can reduce ________ (harm) and loss of life.
三、短文填空
（一）阅读下面短文，在空白处填恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
For centuries, people used physical objects for payment. At first, they exchanged (交换) goods directly—a farmer might trade a bag of rice 22 a toolmaker’s tool. Later, shells, metals, and 23 (final) coins and paper money appeared. These physical payments needed people to carry cash and make deals face-to-face. Markets were 24 (live) places full of the sound of coins.
The 20th century 25 (bring) a major change with banks and credit cards. People could now pay without cash. Then, online shopping made 26 (electricity) payments popular. You could buy a book or a plane ticket with a few clicks. However, people worried about the 27 (safe) of their personal information when paying online.
Today, digital payments dominate our lives. Using cellphones, people scan QR codes (扫二维码) to pay for everything from supermarket shopping to bus rides. In China, mobile payments like Alipay and WeChat Pay become part of our daily life. Some countries are even 28 (develop) digital money. Payments are now fast, convenient, 29 can be completed (被完成) with just a touch.
These changes show how technology makes payments 30 (fast) and more convenient. But they also make us think about privacy issues (隐私问题) and the value of money in 31 digital world.
（二）阅读下面短文，在空白处填恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
Learning from Mistakes
Last year, I decided to make mooncakes for the Mid-Autumn Festival. Before the process (过程), I thought it would be 32 . I followed a recipe online, but my first try was really bad. The outer part was too hard, and the filling was 33 sweet that it made my teeth ache. It is a shame and I almost gave up.
34 (learn) from this failure, I watched cooking videos and asked my grandmother for advice. “ 35 (patient) is key,” she said. “Practice makes perfect.” I tried again, changing the ingredients (馅) and baking time. By the time the festival arrived, I had made five mooncakes. Each time, I got 36 (good) at making them. Finally, I succeeded 37 (create) good mooncakes with soft outer part and balanced flavors.
This experience taught me that 38 are good lessons. In English class, I used to 39 (fear) speaking because I was afraid of making mistakes. Now, I practice telling my classmates about my mooncake-making journey. My teacher praised my courage and said, “If you keep 40 from failures, you’ll master the language.”
Mistakes are stepping stones to success. Whether in cooking or studying, every mistake brings us closer to 41 (reach) our goals.
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
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参考答案
1．D
【详解】句意：我每天早上总是大声朗读课文，并且把它们背下来。
in在……里面；on在……上面；with和……一起；by通过。根据“learn them...heart”可知，此处考查固定短语“learn...by heart”，意为“用心学习/记住”。
2．D
【详解】句意：我记得在李老师的地理课上学过关于这个的内容。
remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”，表示动作已经发生；remember to do sth.意为“记得要做某事”，表示动作尚未发生。根据“in Mr. Li’s geography class”可知学习这一动作发生在过去，已经完成，应用remember doing sth.结构。
3．A
【详解】句意：记得在你离开家之前带上你的伞。要下雨了。
before在……之前；after在……之后；until直到……为止；while当……时候。根据“It’s going to rain.”可知，为了防止淋雨，需要在离开家之前带上伞。
4．B
【详解】句意：如果你想取得好成绩，在课堂上你应该认真做笔记记录老师说的话。
go over通常指课后复习；take notes记笔记；take up开始从事或占据；fight for为……而战，根据in class和get good grades可知，课堂上应记录重点内容。
5．A
【详解】句意：会议的主要目的是帮助学生学会保护自己。
purpose目的；cash现金；dollar美元；pocket口袋。根据“to help students learn to protect themselves”可知，帮助学生学会保护自己是会议的目标。
6．C
【详解】句意：纸币是一项伟大的发明。它改变了世界。
考查名词辨析。invent发明（动词）；inventor发明家（名词）；invention发明物（名词）；inventing发明（动名词）。根据“a great”可知空处需填名词，排除A、D；纸币是物不是人，排除B。
7．B
【详解】句意：我们的老师要求我们就如何管理零花钱进行一次讨论。
discuss讨论（动词）；discussion讨论（名词）；to discuss去讨论（动词不定式）；discussing讨论（动名词/现在分词）。根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，此处应填名词单数形式，构成固定搭配“have a discussion”，意为“进行讨论”。
8．A
【详解】句意：如果你制定了一个月度预算，你就会确切知道你的钱花在哪里了。
make制定；will make将制定；made制定了；makes制定。在if引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。主语是you，谓语动词用原形。
9．A
【详解】句意：为了在自然灾害中保护我们自己，我们必须学习一些生存技能。
protect保护；destroy破坏；cause引起；shake摇晃。根据“we must learn some survival skills”可知，学习生存技能是为了确保安全，即“保护”自己，符合语境。
10．C
【详解】句意：救援人员在洪水中拯救人们时，工作得最努力。
根据句中范围状语“of all”，表示“在所有当中”可知，此处表示在所有人员中进行比较，应用最高级。故填hardest。
11．write
【详解】句意：为什么不写下这些新单词呢？“Why not”后接动词原形，是固定句型，用来提出建议，write意为“写”。
12．death
【详解】句意：他叔叔的去世让他非常难过。uncle’s 是名词所有格形式，后面需要接名词。动词 die 的名词形式是 death，意为 “死亡”，在句中作主语，符合语法和语境要求。
13．disappointed
【详解】句意：这支队伍在决赛中的失利让他们的粉丝很失望。disappoint“使失望”，句中“loss”是名词，句子缺少谓语动词，且根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，disappoint的过去式是disappointed，在这里作谓语动词。
14．finishes
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我什么时候可以离开餐桌？我吃饱了。——要等每位客人都吃完饭才行，要礼貌等待。主句为祈使句，until引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，主语each guest是单数，动词用第三人称单数形式finishes。
15．help
【详解】句意：如果你有困难，可以向老师求助。ask sb for help“向某人寻求帮助”。
16．nearly
【详解】句意：在今天的中国，我们几乎在所有地方都用手机支付。“near”是形容词，意为“近的；接近的”，而此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“pay”（支付），表示“几乎”在所有地方都用手机支付。“nearly”是副词，意为“几乎；差不多”，符合语境和语法要求。
17．reading/to read
【详解】句意：晚饭后他继续读这个故事。根据“continue to do/doing sth.”，此处需要用“read”的动名词形式“reading”或者不定式形式“to read”来填空，表示继续做某事。故填reading/to read。
18．coming
【详解】句意：看！台风正朝我们袭来。“Look!”表明说话时正在发生的动作，要用现在进行时，其结构是“be动词+动词的现在分词”。come的现在分词是coming，所以这里填coming。
19．to hide
【详解】句意：我们应该学习地震时该躲在哪里。“疑问词+不定式”结构（where to do）可作动词learn的宾语，括号内hide是动词，需用不定式形式to hide。
20．well
【详解】句意：她在急救培训中表现得非常好。此处修饰动词did，需要用good的副词形式well，do well in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面做得好”。
21．harm
【详解】句意：感谢早期预警，我们可以减少伤害和生命损失。句中“reduce”是动词，后接名词作宾语；“and”连接并列成分，“loss”是名词，因此空格处也需填名词。“harm”本身可作不可数名词，意为“伤害；损害”，符合语境。
22．for 23．finally 24．lively 25．brought 26．electronic 27．safety 28．developing 29．and 30．faster 31．a
【导语】本文按时间顺序介绍了支付方式的演变历程，从最初的物物交换，到贝壳、金属、硬币和纸币，再到银行信用卡、线上电子支付，最后发展到如今的数字支付，并提及了支付方式变化带来的便利与隐私安全问题。
22．句意：起初，人们直接交换物品 —— 农民可能用一袋大米交换工具匠的工具。此处是固定搭配trade...for...意为“用……交换……”。
23．句意：后来，贝壳、金属，最后硬币和纸币出现了。此处修饰动词appeared，需用副词，final的副词形式是finally，意为“最终”。
24．句意：市场是充满硬币声的热闹场所。此处修饰名词places，需用形容词，live的形容词形式是lively，意为“热闹的、充满活力的”。
25．句意：20世纪随着银行和信用卡的出现带来了重大变化。主语The 20th century表示过去的时间，句子用一般过去时，bring的过去式是brought。
26．句意：然后，网购让电子支付流行起来。此处修饰名词payments，需用形容词，electricity的形容词形式是electronic，意为“电子的”。
27．句意：然而，人们担心在线支付时个人信息的安全。the后接名词，safe的名词形式是safety，意为“安全”。
28．句意：一些国家甚至正在开发数字货币。句子是现在进行时，描述“一些国家甚至正在开发数字货币”，结构为“are + 现在分词”，develop的现在分词是developing。
29．句意：现在的支付既快捷又方便，只需轻轻一点就能完成。前后分句是并列关系，用and连接。
30．句意：这些变化展示了科技如何让支付变得更快、更方便。and连接并列的比较级，fast的比较级是faster，意为“更快的”。
31．句意：但它们也让我们思考隐私问题和数字世界中金钱的价值。此处是泛指，强调“身处这样一个数字化的世界”，digital是辅音音素开头，冠词用a。
32．easy 33．so 34．To learn 35．Patience 36．better 37．in creating 38．mistakes 39．fear 40．learning 41．reaching
【导语】本文作者通过自己学习做月饼失败后改进并最终成功的经历，领悟到错误是成功的垫脚石，并将这一道理应用到英语学习中。
32．句意：在开始之前，我以为这会很容易。根据后文第一次尝试很糟糕可知，起初以为容易，故填easy。
33．句意：外皮太硬，馅料太甜以至于让我牙疼。“so...that...”为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，故填so。
34．句意：为了从这次失败中学习，我观看了烹饪视频并向奶奶请教。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，位于句首首字母大写，故填To learn。
35．句意：“耐心是关键，”她说。此处作主语，需用名词，patient的名词为patience，位于引号内且首字母大写，故填Patience。
36．句意：每一次，我都做得更好。get better at意为“变得更擅长”，good的比较级为better。
37．句意：最后，我成功做出了外皮柔软、味道均衡的好月饼。“succeed in doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“成功做某事”，故填in creating。
38．句意：这次经历教会我，错误是很好的教训。根据上文失败的经历可知，此处指“错误”，故填mistakes。
39．句意：在英语课上，我过去害怕发言。“used to do sth.”意为“过去常常做某事”，故填动词原形fear。
40．句意：如果你不断从失败中学习，你就能掌握这门语言。“keep doing sth.”意为“持续做某事”，故填learning。
41．句意：无论是烹饪还是学习，每一次错误都让我们更接近实现目标。介词to后接动名词作宾语，故填reaching。

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