资源简介

(共42张PPT)
语法复习与练习
人教版七年级下册
词类
名词Noun(n.) 。
冠词Article (art.)用于名词前， 。a,an,the
代词Pronoun 。we,her,that,what
形容词Adjective(adj.)用于 excited,amazing数词Numeral(num.) nine,thirteen,first,twentieth动词Verb(v.) be(am,is,are),play,think,have副词Adverb(adv.) not,too,there,usually介词Preposition(prep.) in,on,at,of连词Conjunction(conj.)用于 and,but,because,when感叹词Interjection(interj.)表示 well,hello,oh,hey
四、语法精讲
表示人或事物的名称
帮助限定名词所指的人或事物
用于代替名词以及起名词作用的短(pron.)语、分句或句子等
修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征
表示数量或顺序
表示名词、代词等与句中其他词的关系
连接单词、短语或句子
说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感
表示动作或状态
用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词
1. and ①和（肯定句） ②然后 ③并且2. or 或者3.but 但是 4.however 然而5. so 所以； 因此because 因为
一、名词（Nouns）
1. 可数名词和不可数名词
名词按其所表示的事物的性质可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复 数两种形式，如 an apple—two apples、a bag—some bags 等。不可数名词一般只有一 种形式，没有复数形式，如 milk、bread、rice 等。还有一些词既可以充当可数名词，也 可以充当不可数名词，如 fruit、fish、chicken 等。
2. 名词复数
名词的复数形式一般在单数形式后面加 -s 或 -es。名词复数词尾 -s 或 -es 的读音规律
一般是：在清辅音后读作 /s/，在浊辅音和元音后读作 /z/，在 /s/、/z/、/∫/、/t∫/、/d3/ 等后读作 /Iz/。
可数名词复数
单数
one，a/an/the（再次出现）+名词
is/动词三单，does/goes/has
复数
一般词尾加s，二般词尾：s, x, ch, sh后加“es”，三般词尾：辅音+y变“ies”，特殊四：变化特殊记
不可数名词
are/动词原形，do，have，go
名词后无变化
is/动词三单，does/goes/has
名词变复数的规则变化
day→days白天
boy→boys男孩
toy→toys玩具
way→ways方法
构成方法 例 词
hero英雄→heroes tomato西红柿→tomatoes
potato土豆→potatoes mango芒果→mangoes
f/fe→ves：小偷的”“妻子”拼“命”用“刀”和“树叶”在“架子”上把”“狼”劈成两“半” thief小偷→thieves wife妻子→wives knife刀→knives
leaf树叶→leaves wolf狼→wolves life命→lives
half半→halves shelf 架子→shelves
中国人（Chinese）的鱼（fish）羊（sheep），
日本人（Japanese）的鹿（deer）
Swiss 瑞士人
clothes衣服; glasses眼镜; scissors剪刀; shorts短裤; socks袜子; trousers长裤; jeans牛仔裤; noodles面条; vegetables蔬菜
男女a变e，孩子特殊记，鹅、牙和脚oo变ee（man男→men）（woman女→woman）child孩子→children goose鹅→geese tooth牙→teeth foot脚→feet mouse老鼠-mice
Englishman→ Englishmen（英国人) Frenchman→ Frenchmen（法国人）policeman（警察）→policemen
-o+es：黑人英雄吃
西红柿、土豆、芒果
只有复数形式
单复同形
其他形式
名词变复数的不规则变化
7
6
名词变复数发音规则
penguin tomato
key photo
box strawberry
monkey wolf
boy sheep
child girl
baby fox
shark sandwich
penguins
keys
boxes
monkeys
boys
children
babies
sharks
tomatoes
photos
strawberries
wolves
sheep
girls
foxes
sandwiches
Let’s practice: Change the singular forms into plural forms.
Let’s try!
一、写出下列单词的复数形式
1. apple—— 2. foot—— 3. glass—— 4. tomato—— 5. box—— 6.have—— 7.go—— 8. man—— 9. woman 10. leaf—— 11. pencil—— 12. day—— 13. watch—— 15. child——
16. dress——
17. monkey——
18. photo——
19. month——
20.do——
apples
m en
children
feet
wom en
dresses
glasses
leaves
monkeys
tomatoes
pencils
photos
days
months
boxes
watches
1. There are 5 （bus）on the road.
2. Would you like some （potato） ？
3. How many （radio）can you see？
4. I have two （pencil box）.
5. There are some （sheep）in the garden.
buses
potatoes
radios
pencil boxs
sheep
has
goes
does
二、形容词（Adjectives）
形容词可修饰名词或代词，在句子中通常用作定语、表语和补语等。
1. 用作定语。例如：
But only clever people can see them!
It feels like a magical place.
Those young people like sport very much.
2. 用作表语，置于系动词之后。例如：
She is busy.
The film is boring.
A good student must be diligent.
They are very hard-working.
3. 用作补语。例如：
We need to keep our school clean and tidy.
She made me angry last night.
形容词+名词或代词
主语+系动词（am/is/are)+形容词（+名词或代词）
主语+动词（+宾语）+形容词
基本用法 位置 例子
①放在名词或代词前，作定语 adj.+n. a beautiful flower
②放在enough前面 adj.+enough interesting enough
③放在不定代词后，作后置定语 不定代词+adj. something important
④放在系动词(be动词/感官动词后),作表语 系动词+adj She is smart.
The cat looks cute.
⑤ed结尾的形容词(人感到……),主语一般是人
ing结尾的形容词(令人感到……),主语一般是物 excited激动的
exciting令人激动的 特殊句型 例句 ①It's+adj.+for/of sb.to do sth.
(用for时，形容词形容物/用of时，形容词形容人) It's important for us to learn English well.
It's kind of you to help the old man. ②sb.find/think it+adj.to do sth. I think it useful to read more books. 多个形容词顺序 ： 县官行令色国材用 一朵美丽的小红花 a beautiful little red flower 限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词或数词）性质特征（大小长短高低形状）/年龄（新旧）/颜色/国家（地区出处）/材料/用途（类别）) 我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的圆桌子I have a big round red wooden Chinese table 【注意】有些词ly结尾实为形容词：friendly友好的/lovely可爱的/lonely（孤独的）/daily(每天的) 一、翻译（8*10=80）
1. 一辆新的自行车
2. 一个诚实的男孩
3. 没什么重要的
4. 看起来美味的
5. 感到放松的 （relax） 令人放松的
6. 令人感到有趣的 感到有趣的
7. 足够耐心
8. 感觉糟糕的
9. 每天锻炼对我们来说是有重要的。
10. 我发现独自去河里游泳是很危险的。
二、单项选择（10*2=20）
（ ）1. I bought for my mother.
A. anything special B. special something C. something special
（ ）2. Mr. Green, do you have to tell me
A. something important B. important anything C. anything important D.
a new bike
an honest boy
nothing important
look delicious
relaxed
relaxing
interesting
interested
patient enough
feel terrible
It's important for us to exercise every day.
I find it dangerous to swim alone in the river.
C
C
副词（Adverbs）
1. 副词的用法和意义
副词在句中主要用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句，表示时间、地点、 程度、方式等概念。
（1）修饰动词。例如：
It’s raining heavily.
（2）修饰形容词。例如：
The dog is quite cute.
（3）修饰其他副词。例如：
She drives very carefully.
（4）修饰全句。例如：
I usually have some bread and milk for breakfast.
副词修饰动词常放在动词后面
副词修饰形容词常放在形容词前
副词修饰副词常放在副词前
副词修饰句子常放在前
2. 频度副词
频 度 副 词 是 副 词 的 一 种， 表 示 事 情 发 生 的 频 率。 常 用 的 频 度 副 词 有 always、 usually、often、sometimes、seldom (hardly ever)、never 等，它们在频度上的差异为：
always > usually > often > sometimes > seldom (hardly ever) > never
总是 > 通常 > 经常 > 有时 > 很少（几乎从不）> 从不
频度副词通常放在实义动词前面。如果句子里有情态动词、助动词或系动词 be，频 度副词通常放在这类动词之后。例如：
I always play tennis near my house.
We usually practise three times a week after school.
I often go swimming because it keeps me healthy
Sometimes I have eggs and beans.
I seldom / hardly ever see my friend Lucy now.
A kind word is never lost.
1.副词+实义动词
2.V情态/V助/V系 be+频度副词
→ 方式 → 地点 → 时间
（句子：主+
一次once， 两次twice，
三次或三次以上用基数词加上 times, three times
sweep the floor
iron the clothes
do the washing
make dinner
walk the dog
water the plants
do the shopping
My aunt sometimes sweeps the floor in the evening
一、单项选择（10*5=50）
（）1. Ms. Green is a teacher and she plays the piano .
A. well; well B. well; good C. good; well D. good; good
（）2. were you late for school ——Because I missed the bus.
A. When B. Why C. How D. Where
（ ）3. I will visit my teacher
A. tomorrow B. yesterday C. now D. last Friday
（ ）4. He drinks milk because he doesn’t like it.
A. always B. never C. often D. sometimes
（ ）5. Don’t talk . Your grandmother is sleeping.
A. loud B. quietly C. loudly
二、翻译
1. Tom 有时候坐公交车去上学。
2. 这些花真的很美丽。
3. Jerry 能够很容易地回答出这个问题。
4. 他们非常相信我。
5. 不幸的是，John 数学考试不及格。
C
B
A
B
C
Tom sometimes goes to school by bus.
These flowers are really beautiful.
Jerry can answer this question easily.
They believe me very much.
Unfortunately, John failed his math exam.
1.Mr.Woodman is a very man. (strong-strongly)
2. He is smiling (happy-happily)
3.I love my mother.She listens to me . (careful-carefully)
4..Cesar do in the exam and he got a mark.(good well）
5. Mary is sometimes .She isn’t studying at all. (lazy-lazily)
6.It rains (heavy_x0002_heavily)
7.There is a accident(事故） on the road.(terrible-terribly)
8.Arda played really last night.Our team is . (bad-badly)
9.Some people are injured（受伤的）. (serious-seriously)
10.The teacher speaks very .(clear-clearly)
11.Linda answer all the questions . (correct_x0002_correctly)
12.Henry plays the piano indeed. (beautiful-beautifully)
13.Tortoises（乌龟） are animals,and they walk very . (slow-slowly)
14.The teacher is and she shouted at the students (angry-angrily)
15..When Peter saw the dog he started running very .
strong
happily
carefully
well
lazy
heavily
terrible
badly
bad
seriously
clearly
correctly
beautifully
slow
slowly
angry
angrily
quickly
good
四、情态动词（Modal Verbs）
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如请求、许可、意愿、可能等。在形式上，情
态动词一般没有人称和数的变化。有的情态动词没有时态的变化，如 must。情态动词本
身不能单独作谓语，必须和动词原形连用。常见的情态动词有 can、may、must、have
to、should、would 等。情态动词一般有多个意义。情态动词的否定式一般是在其后加
not 构成，一般疑问句通常将它提到句首。情态动词的肯定式一般不重读。
1. can 和 could 的用法
（1）表示能力。例如：
We can speak a little English.
I can play badminton, but I can’t play volleyball.
He could swim when he was only six.
（2）表示许可。例如：
You can play basketball at the weekend.
We can’t run in the hallways.
Father said I could swim in the pool.
（3）表示请求。例如：
Can you help me with my Chinese
could 也可表示请求，但比 can 的语气更委婉。例如：
Could you tell him to call me back
can/could+V原形
肯定句：主语+cando
否定句：主语+can't/can not do
一般疑问句：Can+主语+do？
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+can+主语+do
1. I can speak English.（ ）
2. Jim can drive but I can’t.（ ）
3. Can I have a cup of tea, please （ ）
4. You can eat in the dining hall.（ ）
5. Can you lend me your pen （ ）
6.You can’t run in the hallways.( )
许可 能力 请求
能力
能力
许可
许可
许可
请求
2. may 的用法
（1）表示许可，意思是“可以”。例如：
May I borrow your dictionary
Class is over. You may go now.
may 和 can 都可以表示许可，但两者略有差别。may 的用法比 can 更正式，语气 更委婉。
（2）表示可能性，意思是“也许；可能”。例如：
I may be late, so don’t wait for me.
That may be true.
3. must 的用法
must 表示“必须”。例如： 91
Don’t arrive late for class. We must be on time.
You must read a book before you watch TV.
may正式>can
can语气>may
4. have to 的用法
have to 表示“不得不；必须”。例如：
We have to be quiet in the library.
She has to do her homework first when she gets home.
have to 表示“必须”时，与 must 意义很接近，有时可与 must 互换。例如：
We have to / must follow the rules.
但它们在以下方面有所不同。
（1）must通常表示的是说话人的主观看法，语气比较强烈，have to往往强调客观
需要。例如：
We must hurry. I don’t want to miss the beginning of the show.
We have to hurry. The train is leaving in five minutes.
（2）它们的否定式含义大不相同。mustn’t 表示“不准；禁止”，而don’t have to
表示“不必”。例如：
You mustn’t talk to your mother like that.
You don’t have to come if you don’t want to.
（3）must没有人称和数的变化，而have to有人称和数的变化。例如：have has had
must
二
must“必须” 没有人称和数以及时态的变化。
否定 needn’t/don’t have to 不必
Eg:We must arrive home before 10.
否定句__________________________________________
疑问句__________________________________________
肯定回答___________________________
否定回答___________________________
We needn’t(don’t have to) arrive home before 10.
Must you arrive home before 10
Yes, we must.
No, we needn’t/ don’t have to.
mustn’t 表示禁止，语气强烈。
1.Tom has to go home on foot.
否定句______________________________
疑问句______________________________
肯/否定回答__________________________
Tom doesn’t have to go home on foot .
Does Tom have to go home on foot
Yes,he does. / No, he doesn’t.
have to
三
物主代词（Possessive Pronouns）
物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种
七年级上册已介绍了形容词性物主代词，此处继续介绍名词性物主代词。
名词性物主代词相当于名词，不能用于名词前，说话时要加重语气。例如：
A: Is this your pen
B: No, it isn’t. The blue pen is mine.
A: There is a ping-pong bat here. Is it yours
B: No, it isn’t mine. Is it Ella’s
C: No, hers is at home.
形容词性物主代词+名词 =
名词性性物主代词（后无名词）
人称代词分2格，主格、宾格来分说，主格用在动词前做主语，动词、介词后用宾格，人称代词都有数，单数、复数莫用错
am/V原
are/V原
is/V单
is/V单
is/V单
are/V原
are/V原
人代：（主-宾格）：I(我)-me you(你)-you he(他)-him she(她)-her it(它)we(我们) -us you(你们) they(它们)them
主格做主语，宾格在动词或介词后做宾语
形物代，不裸奔后面必有名词跟；名物代、独行侠一人独自闯天涯
名物代=形物代十名词This is my book.=This is mine
人 称 数 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第 一 人 称 单数
复数
第 二 人 称 单数
复数
第 三 人 称 单数


复数
I
me
my
mine
we
us
our
you
you
your
yours
ours
you
you
your
yours
he
him
his
his
she
her
her
hers
it
it
its
they
them
their
theirs
its
Chant
It’s my pig.The pig is !
It’s your pig.The pig is !
It’s his pig.The pig is !
It’s her pig.The pig is !
It’s our pig.The pig is !
It’s their pig.The pig is !
物主代词
PART 01
possessive pronouns
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
theirs
1.This isn’t _______ (she) bag._______ (she) is green.
2.-May I use _______ (you) pencil
-I’m sorry._______ (I) is not here.
3.Mr.Jones often tells _______ (she) some stories.
4.Look!The cat is washing _______ (it) face.
5._______ (he) teacher is good._______ (he) is good,too.
6._______ (he) always helps _______ (we) with _______（we）lessons.
7.My ruler is long._______ (he) is short.
8._______ (I) want to go with _______ (he).
9.That is _______ (they) new house.
10.Could _______ (you) tell _______ (I) how to get to the hospital
11.My pen is broken.Can I use _______ (you)
12.Let _______ (I) help _______ (you).
13.This isn’t _______ (I) book._______ (I) is in the bag.
14._______ (we) want to buy _______ (they).
15._______ (they) are friendly to _______ (it).
her
Hers
your
mine
her
its
His
He
He
us
our
His
I
him
their
you
me
yours
me
you
my
Mine
We
them
They
it
八、句子种类（Sentence Types）
英语句子按照用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句四类。七年级上册已经
介绍了部分句子种类，此处重点介绍祈使句和疑问句中的选择疑问句的用法。
1. 祈使句（Imperative Sentences）
祈使句一般用来表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二
人称 you，但往往省略。祈使句的肯定式以动词原形开头，否定式在动词原形前加
don’t。例如： Just go along this street and turn left. Be careful when you cross the street.
Practise the guitar every day. Don’t be late for class.
Don’t fight. Don’t cheat in the exam.
为表示礼貌，祈使句经常在句首或句末加 please。句末用 please 时，前面通常加逗号。
例如： Please write and tell me about yourself.
以 let 开头的句子也是祈使句的一种结构，常用于第一人称和第三人称，表示建议、
邀请和劝说等。例如：
Let me tell you the way to my house.
Let’s see the lions.
Let him come in.
Let them play basketball with us.
let sb +动词原形
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形
肯定句（句首）：1. 动词原形 2.Be+形容词
否定句：1.Don’t+动词原形 2.Don’t be+形容词
No+名词/动名词 “禁止”
No photos！禁止拍照No smoking！禁止吸烟
Never +动词原形 Never be late.不许迟到
Turn right!
Walk on the zebra crossing!
Don’t smoke!
No smoking!
Don’t park your car!
Go upstairs!
on the road
in class
in the dining room
1. Be quiet.
2. Take notes.
3. Listen to the teacher carefully.
4. Don’t eat in class.
…….
Walk on the zebra crossing.
2. Be careful.
3. Don’t play football.
4. Don’t run fast.
……
Line up.
2. Don’t push.
3. Don’t make noise.
4. Don’t waste food.
……
Turn off the TV, please.
Let’s start working.
Have a nice day!
No parking!
翻译
（请求）
（建议）
（祝愿）
(禁止)
请关掉电视。
我们开始工作吧。
祝你有美好的一天！
禁止停车！
1.____kind to the people around us, and we will make the world nice.
A Be B Being C To be
2.Do you want to be healthy ____. Smiling can help you stay healthy.
A Smile B Smiling C To smile D Smiled
3._____out your love. The world will become a nicer place to live in.
A Speak B To speak C Spoke D Speaking
4_____ water running when you are brushing your teeth. We must save water.
A. Keep B. To keep C. Don't keep D. Not keep
2. 选择疑问句（Alternative Questions）
选择疑问句提供两种或两种以上情况，问对方选择哪一种，选择项用 or 连接。选择
疑问句不能用 Yes 或 No 来回答。朗读时 or 前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。例如：
A: Is she tall or short （呀，吗，呢？）
B: She’s tall.
A: Do you usually eat a birthday cake or noodles
B: I usually eat noodles.
A: What would you like, tea, juice, or coffee
B: I’d like some tea, please.
①She can that song in English. 她能用英文唱那首歌。
②He use the computer last year.他不会用电脑。
Can you help me, please
回答:
(也可以：Sure! /Of course! /Certainly! /OK./
All right./Sorry,…)
你能举起这个重的箱子吗？
_________ you _________ this heavy box
Mary能说三种语言。
Mary _________ _________ three languages.
他们会溜冰吗？
__________ they skate
Can carry
can speak
Can
sing
can’ t
Dear Li Jian,
Thank you for your letter. Here is a ___1___ （photo）of me and my family. You can see a girl next 2 me in the photo. She is my sister, Betty. You know a lot about me, ___3___ you don’t know her. Well, I can tell you about her. Betty is 13 years old. ___4___（we） both have big eyes. I have good eyesight (视力), but she doesn’t. So she ___5___ （wear）glasses. ___6___（she） hair is, but my hair is short. She plays 7 piano well. Betty is kind and friendly. ___8___ she often helps other people, she has many friends. Betty also likes singing, and she wants ___9___ （be）a singer when she grows up. She plays computer games. She thinks it’s a waste of time. This ___10（be）all about my sister. Hope you like her.
Yours,
Jenny
photos
to
but
We
wears
Her
the
Because
to be
is
I’m Brian. I’m eleven years old. I ____1____ in Belfast, Northern Ireland. Let ____2____（I） tell you something about myself, my family and my best .
I’m a student from Leo Elementary School ____3____ I love my school. I often play __4____ （sport）after school. I love basketball. I want to be a basketball player when I grow up.
I have a big family. I live with ____5____ （I） and my two brothers. My father _6____ a policeman and my mother is a doctor. They ___ busy every day. My ____8____ （brother）sname are Mike and Simon.
Paul and Frank are my best ____8____（friend）. All of us love drama. We are in drama club. We usually go to the drama club
Mondays . We always have a good time at the club.
am
me
and
sports
my
is
are
brother’s
friends
on
谢谢观看！

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